9.1.4 Paper 4

The paper afterwards delve into the psychological aspect of liminality and hoe does it affect the subject in question. Although the medium of expressing, liminality is not spatial or architectural but rather talks about taking examples of specific literary characters in a specific books or novel but it does what it needed to do that is convey the psyche of a person when he/she is dealt with liminality. In his well-known series of letters, Schiller considers art as the ‘third reality’; - an aesthetic phenomenon that performs the function of intermediary between necessity (cause) and freedom (soul). He writes ‘Movement from the passive conditions of sensation to an active condition of thought and desire is impossible without via – an intermediate condition of aesthetic freedom’ (Schiller 1967: 161). Other than that the closest it comes to architectural liminality is when it talks about the person who conceived the idea of Liminality in the first place 'Arnold van Gennep' and how he discussed the 3 stages associated with liminality in his work 'Rite of Passage' in 1902 which we have already seen in the 2nd paper discussed prior to this. 11

Design consideration: - Art installation as a tool to achieve the aesthetic freedom which would serve as intermediary for the transition.

9.1.4 Paper 4

This research paper discussed liminality in various disciplines with the focus on the usage of the concept in architecture. It demonstrates that liminality in architecture is inter-related to ideas of liminality in anthropology, philosophy, urban design and art.

In order for liminal space to come to life is when spatial division is initiated along with the context, culture and function of a building. Without any division of space, an inbetween space does not exist. Therefore, with spatial division that creates a relationship between two entity of inside and outside as an example, interaction and movement patterns are able to bring life into spaces and building known as spatial condition. Subsequently, as building designed as around people's lives, spatial experiences enhance the liminal spaces in architecture. The liminal acts surrounding it create moments of life into buildings.

The paper goes on to discuss the factors affecting the characteristics of liminality after discussing certain philosophies of some of the architects. For Example, Tadao Ando's design philosophy in architecture is frequently characterized by trademark innovative use of light, shadow and design that compliments the contours of the landscape. And also Steven Holls' usage of lights, shadow and materiality in his works which could be termed as a definite attribute for a liminal space.12

Design consideration: - Play of light and shadows in order to accentuate the liminal process.

11 (Ratiani) 12 (Lim, 2018)