Rejuvenating Unit-1 Market Complex, Bhubaneswar RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SEMINAR
MD SARWAR AZAD 1602295098 7TH SEM, SEC- 'C'
PILOO
MODY
COLLEGE
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A R C H I T E CT U R E
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CONTENTS 1.
Acknowledgment ....................................................................................................................... 2
2.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
3.
Background study/motivation ................................................................................................ 4
4.
Hypothesis ................................................................................................................................... 5
5.
Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 6 5.1
Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 6
5.2
Collecting data ...................................................................................................................... 6
5.3
Documentation ...................................................................................................................... 6
6.
Coding ........................................................................................................................................... 7
7.
Classification............................................................................................................................... 8 7.1
Classifying according to classes ........................................................................................ 9
7.2
Determining frequency ........................................................................................................ 9
8.
Data analysis ............................................................................................................................. 10
9.
Inferences................................................................................................................................... 13
10.
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 14
11.
Recommendation ................................................................................................................. 15
11.1
Parking space ..................................................................................................................... 15
11.2
Drainage facilities ............................................................................................................... 15
11.3
Waste management ........................................................................................................... 15
11.4
Pedestrian paths................................................................................................................. 15
11.5
Vehicular paths ................................................................................................................... 15
11.6
Public toilets ........................................................................................................................ 15
11.7
Few overall design recommendation:- ............................................................................ 15
12.1
References .......................................................................................................................... 16
12.2
Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 16
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Annexure ................................................................................................................................ 16
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12.
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1. Acknowledgment
I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my research supervisors, Ar. Chitrasen Parida Sir and Ar. Sanghamitra Rath Ma'am, for giving me the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. Their dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me. They have taught me the methodology to carry out the research and to present the research works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under their guidance. I am extremely grateful for what they have offered me. Thanking you,
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MD. Sarwar Azad
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2. Introduction
Indian markets have always been known to be congested, claustrum and overcrowded. It is, in fact, one of the recognising trait of a typical Indian market of any state. Market areas have always been seen with substantial amount of encroachment leaving minimal amount of space for pedestrian to pass through. There is always traffic near the market area and thus the problem of congestion is nothing but common. Bhubaneswar developed much later than majority of the cities across India and transformed into a smart city through various planning and developments schemes vested at the hand of the governments. Unit 1 market area of Bhubaneswar is a highly busy area laden with goods from all over the place. During early decades of its development there were encroachment of the hawkers in this area. The reaction of BDA on the early encroachment, in which they tried to integrate the hawkers into the market area rather than eradicating them, has resulted into this highly crowded situation which in turn affects the traffic and the main road.
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With this research we tried to find out what are the causes / root problems which has led to such seemingly irreparable congestion problem in the Unit 1 market area of Bhubaneswar; and how it could be solved in view of architecture and planning.
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3. Background study/motivation The foundation of the modern Bhubaneswar city was laid in 1948, although the areas in and around the city have a history going back to 1st century BCE or earlier. --The economy was dominated by retail and small scale manufacturing. Economic liberalisation in 1990s paved way for Bhubaneswar to received investment in telecommunications and information technology (IT) and higher education. The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, and retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar. In the informal sector, 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones Bhubaneswar population Census
Pop.
%±
—
1951
16,512
1961
38,211
131.4%
1971
105,491
176.1%
1981
227,525
115.7%
1991
423,465
86.1%
2001
647,302
52.9%
2011
837,737
29.4%
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Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents.1
1
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar)
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4. Hypothesis
This research wishes to identify the causes of the problem of space use to ensure effective functionality of the market, it intends to devise a model of solving conflict in space use by exploring design, circulation and management interventions. In view of the objectives and research purpose of the study, the followings are the hypothesis of the research in order to proceed further.
Parking space is not enough to accommodate the ever increasing demand of vehicular parking. Drainages are not properly designed and developed so as to counteract the problems of foreseeable future. Proper waste disposal mechanism is absent or lacking. Pedestrian encroachment has proven to be an obstruction in fully utilising the pedestrian paths. Increase in population and thus increase in private vehicles has made the preexisting paths to be insufficient and vulnerable to daily traffic. Ignorance of proper public sanitation which results in compromised hygiene of the market area.
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(International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering , http://www.ijarse.com ISSN-23198354(E)., 2014)
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5. Methodology
5.1 Evaluation We shall evaluate the problem (site in question) on the basis of its original foundation and functioning which was as per the requirement and fulfilled the necessity while following standards.
5.2 Collecting data We are going to employ the usage of Objective Survey, personal interviews, research paper and journals on the aforementioned topic, etc. People we shall be taking interview of are of different user group
Shopkeepers Street vendors Shoppers People needing parking facility
5.3 Documentation The documentation would be in two parts-
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ii)
Digital – where we would employ the usage of cameras to record the conditions, statements and interviews. Written – Notes would be made from the interview section and personal observations which would be later converted into software pages.
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i)
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RESPONSE
CODED
1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Everyday Once or twice a week Couple of times in a month Once in a couple of months Bus/Auto Two wheeler Car By foot/any other Very easy Quite easy Quite difficult Nearly impossible No need Yes, immediately It's perfect Something could be done Quite so Sometimes Not at all Every time Insufficient width of approach Too many vehicles Poor management Too crowded with pedestrians 8:00 AM – 12:00 noon 12:00 noon- 4:00 PM 4:00 PM – 8:00 PM 8:00 PM – 10:00 PM Excess vehicles in the region Poor traffic management Jaywalking I have no idea Yes No All the time Sometimes, but manageable Never I am not aware of that
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 18 28 DK 29 30 19 18 13 DK
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6. Coding
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Respondents
Age
1.
Shreya Chowdhury
23
2.
Montu Ku. Singh
52
3.
Sourashis Lahiri
43
4.
Aniket Mandal
28
5.
Ipermita Adhikary
31
6.
Koushik Ganguly
33
7.
Rupesh Ku. Hota
23
8.
Sarthak Mohanty
26
9.
Asish Patra
18
10.
Kanika Pani
24
11.
Aishwarya Mohapatra
23
12.
Biplab Dash
42
13.
Pranav Sharma
31
14.
Abhijeet Tripathi
28
15.
Vinayak Nath
44
16.
Birendra Nayak
55
17.
Ravikumar Patra
42
18.
Manaswani Patra
38
19.
Abhilasha Rath
29
20.
Chandrika Dash
48
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7. Classification
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7.1 Classifying according to classes Adopting the following formula, suggested by H.A. Sturges, to determine the size of class interval: i = R/ (1 + 3.3 log N) Where,i = size of class interval; R = Range (i.e., difference between the values of the largest item and smallest item among the given items); N = Number of items to be grouped. As here, R = 37 (55- 18) N= 20 (Number of respondents)
Thus, i = 37/ (1+ 3.3 log (20)) i≈7 Therefore classifying the items in an exclusive class intervals:i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)
18-25 25-32 32-39 39-46 46-52 52-59
7.2 Determining frequency Sl. No. Age Group 1 18-25 2 25-32 3 32-39 4 39-46 5 46-53 6 53-60
Frequency 5 6 2 4 2 1
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ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2488-1 (KOTHARI, 2004)
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8. Data analysis
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9. Inferences
1. People tend to visit the market place once or twice in a week. 2. More than half of the respondents either take an auto or a bus to the market area.
3. All of the respondents agreed that it is either quite difficult or simply nearly impossible to find a parking spot for their vehicle. 4. Almost all of them wanted something to be done to increase the parking area that too immediately. 5. Although majority of the users would say that it's quite uneasy to enter the market area, surprisingly enough there is a major chunk of people who believe otherwise and that is an indicator of the type of users we are dealing with. In this case, these users being the daily users who are well acquainted with the place or simply the shopkeepers who are present there as a routine. 6. Majority of the users find it easy to find an auto rom the market area which again shows the local user who are well acquainted of the market area. 7. While majority did agree that poor traffic management is the leading cause of the congestion, other half was equally vocal about the insufficient width of the approach. Around a quarter of the respondents felt that the increasing number of vehicles is the problem. 8. We found that most of the people visit the market place during morning hours and the evening hours combined. 9. Majority of the people were unaware of the fact whether there is any problem due to loading/unloading of good.
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10. Most of the respondents said that they would agree to use public transport more so as to minimise the traffic flow in the area.
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10. Conclusion
The research findings resonates our hypothesis by a good margin about the problem faced by the users of the market area. The research also made us aware about some surprising findings like the ease with which majority of the users find to enter the market area and the ease with which they find an auto for the commute again indicating that the major daily users were local bunch. Majority of the users were used to the claustrum and the congestion due to overcrowdedness as it would have been quite common in any other market in any other state of India barring some exceptions of northeast and some other sparsely populated states. The market area was established way back during the development of Bhubaneswar and thus at present it has so become so complex and integrated with the system that it won't be feasible to redesign it in near future. The aspect of future expansion and the need to accommodate the growing population of a smart city wasn’t considered while designing the market area and thus the problem arose. The tremendous lack of space even for general pedestrians calls for the vertical development of the market area so as to shift some shops higher up to reduce ground coverage or encroachment. The reaction of BDA on the early encroachment, in which they tried to integrate the hawkers into the market area rather than eradicating them, has resulted into this highly crowded situation which in turn affects the traffic and the main road.
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4
4
(2. Dr. Akshaya Kumar Sabat / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2012)
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11. Recommendation
11.1 Parking space Providing enough parking space for the vehicles and trucks for loading-unloading following the standard procedures. 11.2 Drainage facilities Designing proper drainage facilities which would prove to be highly efficient and prolonging. 11.3 Waste management Providing proper management and disposal of waste through different methods which could prove to be a major factor in managing the aesthetics and hygiene of the place. 11.4 Pedestrian paths Enough walkways and pedestrian footpaths to be provided with standard minimum width so as to motivate and making it easier for the users to shop. 11.5 Vehicular paths Designing/ suggesting a different kind of vehicular network design so as to decrease the traffic while being sensitive to the pre-existing design. 11.6 Public toilets Providing E-toilets so as accommodate the demand of increased sanitation because of population growth in general.
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11.7 Few overall design recommendation:Going for vertical development and expansion to accommodate almost 30%40% shops so as to clear up some space on the ground and reduce the ground coverage and the encroachment of the hawkers. The cleared up space could be used for pedestrian space and to make a multilevel parking system to accommodate the need of the demand of parking which would help to reduce the traffic problem on the main road due to parkin problem.
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12. Annexure 12.1
References
1. International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering (IJARSE, Vol. No.3, Issue No.6, June 2014), http://www.ijarse.com ISSN2319-8354(E). 2. Dr. Akshaya Kumar Sabat / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.210-214/ (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
3. Journal of Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering Sept. 2013, Vol. 2 Iss. 3, PP. 104-115 4. International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2019, ISSN NO : 2249-7455 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar 6. ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2488-1 (KOTHARI, 2004)
12.2
Schedule
VEHICULAR MOVEMENT 1.
How often do you visit this place?
a) b)
Everyday Couple of times in a month
2. a) b)
What is your usual mode of transport to reach here? Bus/Auto c) Two wheeler Car d) by foot/any other
3.
If you use car/two wheeler to reach here, then:
c) Once or twice a week d) once in a couple of months
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b)Do you feel there is a need to increase the area allotted for car parking? b.1) No need b.3) Yes, immediately b.2) it’s perfect b.4) something could be done
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a) How easy is it for you to find a parking space? a.1) Very easy a.3) Quite easy a.2) Quite difficult a.4) nearly impossible
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4. If you use autos to arrive here then: a) On a scale of 1 to 5 how easy is it for you to enter the market area from the dropped location? b)
On a scale of 1 to 5 how easy is it for you find an auto for the departure?
5.
Do you face any difficulty in entering the market area?
a) b)
Quite so Not at all
c) Sometimes d) every time
5.1 If your answer is not b) then, What is causing the difficulty? a) Insufficient width of approach b) Poor management 6. a) b)
c) Too many vehicles d) too crowded with pedestrians
At which time of the day you are most likely to arrive here? 8:00 AM – 12:00 noon c) 4:00 PM – 8:00 PM 12:00 noon- 4:00 PM d) 8:00 PM – 10:00 PM
7. Which time according to you is the market area most congested with traffic? a) 8:00 AM – 12:00 noon c) 4:00 PM – 8:00 PM c) 12:00 noon- 4:00 PM d) 8:00 PM – 10:00 PM 8.
What according to you is creating the congestion problem in the market area?
a) b)
Excess vehicles in the region Poor traffic management
c) Jaywalking d) I have no idea
9. On a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being the least likely and 5 being the most likely 9.1 How likely are you to visit market place on a busy day? 9.2 How likely are you to use a public transport instead of a private vehicle so that traffic flow could be reduced? 9.3 How welcoming do you feel in entering the market area?
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11. How often do you think the loading/unloading process cause a traffic problem in the market area? a) All the time c) Never b) Sometimes, but manageable d) I am not aware of that
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10. Is the area allotted for loading/unloading is sufficient? a) Yes b) No
