Heritage at Risk : What can communities do ?

HERITAGE AT RISK

WHAT CAN COMMUNITIES DO? Prepared by SAURAV SHRESTHA

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

HERITAGE AT RISK

EMERGING

EXISTING

CITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

MANAGEMENT RESTORATION

CONSTANT EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY

EXISTING RISKS RESTORATION & MANAGEMENT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

6

6

5

5

4

4

1769

1681 1600

1400

1200

2015

7

1916 1934

7

1869

8

1505

8

1408

9

1255

9

Magnitude

EARTHQUAKES & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

2000

1800

Guthi-led Shah Kings Rana PMs

Malla Kings

8000 Above Total loss of lives

1951

1846

Donor-led

1768

2000- 4000 4000-6000 6000-8000

State-led

Community

1950 1960 1970

GTZ

1980 1990

WHS in RISK

2000

Culture Policy

Integrated Management WHS out of RISK

Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Focus on Intangible Heritage

Estd. Of KVPT

Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust

Nepal Heritage Society Formed

Estd. Of NHS

Master Plan of Cultural Heritage

KV-WHS Status granted

Bhaktapur Development Project

GTZ-led BDP

Convention on Protection of Cultural Heritage

UNESCO’s Support

Guthi Act

Nationalization of Guthis

Establishment of DoA

AMPA Act

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

TIMELINE OF HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

NGOs

2010

Community Activism Government signs MoU with community. Community Buildings their own Heritage

2020 Guthi-led State-led

Donor-led

Community

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

GUTHI-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AGENCY

गठ ी

SUPPORT

STATE

MA

NA

GE ME

NT

GUTHI

RESOURCE

ACTOR

COMMUNITY

LAND MAINTAINENCE

SKILLS

LOCAL CRAFTS

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

GUTHI-LED PRACTICES & EXISTING ISSUES

NA MA

DECLINE OF GUTHI

GE ME

NT

गठ ी

LACK OF SUPPORT

MAINTAINENCE DECLINE OF LOCAL SKILLS

LOSS OF GUTHI LANDS

Pati was destroyed here For road-expansion

Temple complex still being maintained by Private Guthi

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

STATE-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

UNESCO BENEFICIARY

AGENCY AUTHORITY

GUTHI

STATE

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

‘EXPERTS’ FINANCIAL SUPPORT

DONORS

RESOURCE

BUDGET BENEFICIARY

COMMUNITY IMPLEMENTORS

SKILLS

NGOS /INGOs

LOCAL ARTISANS IMPLEMNETORS

CONTRACTORS

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

STATE-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT LACK OF BUDGET

ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION

ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION

COMPETANCY ISSUE

Use of Concrete in restoration of Ranipokhari

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

DONOR-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

UNESCO

AUTHORITY

STATE TECHNICAL SUPPORT

‘EXPERTS’ FINANCIAL SUPPORT

DONORS

COMMUNITY

BENEFICIARY SKILLS

LOCAL ARTISANS

IMPLEMENTORS

NGOS /INGOs

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

DONOR-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PIECEMEAL APPROACH

ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION

Conjecture in conservation

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

EMERGENT PRACTICES AFTER EARTHQUAKE SUPPORT

UNESCO ACTOR

GUTHI

गठी

AUTHORITY

STATE

SUPPORT

ACADEMIA MEDIA FINANCIAL SUPPORT

DONORS RESOURCE

BUDGET RESOURCE

DONORS

ACTOR

COMMUNITY

SUPPORT

SKILLS

NGOs/INGOs

LOCAL CRAFTS IMPLEMNETORS

CONTRACTORS

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

EMERGENT PRACTICES : COMMUNITY ACTIVISM

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

EMERGENT PRACTICES : REBUILD BUNGAMATI

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

EMERGENT PRACTICES: STATE-LED HOUSE POOLING

EMERGING RISKS PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT

STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2030

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT

SETTLEMENT AND TEMPLE OF SUNAGOTHI UNDER RISK OF ROAD EXPANSION

OUTER CITY & HERITAGE SETTLEMENTS

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT

INNER CITY & INNER RING ROAD

SOHRAKHUTTE PATI

CITY DEVELOPMENT AND INNER-CITY HERITAGE

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

REACTIONS & RESISTANCES 1

Rebuild Kasthamandap

2

Rebuild Bungamati

Sankhu

Consumer Groups Anti-Road Expansion Possible conflict areas

1 3

2

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

ORIENTATION OF CIVIC RESISTANCE KVDA STRATEGIC PLANS & POLICIES

P2: Satellite City Project 1 : Road Expansion

2011

2014

2016

2018

2030

Need to go beyond project based resistance to policy-level engagement

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

GAPS IN SYSTEM PM JICA NATIONAL

VALLEY

NPC

KVDA

MINISTER MoUD

MINISTER MoFALD

NO OTHER ELECTED AUTHORITY

KMC MUNICIPALITY

MAYORS X 12

NEED OF VALLEY LEVEL PLATFORM

10 MPs 35 WARDS WARD

DIRECTLY ELECTED

STRATEGIC PLANS INDIRECTLY ELECTED

NON-ELECTED BUREAUCRAT

WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO? FOCUS ON WHAT THEY NEED AND BUILD UPON THEM

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

NEEDS NETWORKS of SUSTAINABLE SUPPORT

COMMUNITY

KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT

CAPACITY SUPPORT

RESOURCE SUPPORT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

NEED FOR PLATFORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION

LEGAL SUPPORT

KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT ACTION 1

ACTION 3

AWARENESS GENERATION

RESOURCE MOBILISATION

POLICY SUPPORT

ACTION 2

CAPACITY BUILDING

CAPACITY SUPPORT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

BUILD NETWORKS ,CREATE PLATFORM

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

BUILD NETWORKS, CREATE PLATFORMS ACTION 1

AWARENESS GENERATION

SUPPORT 1

KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT

SUPPORT 2

ACTION 2

CAPACITY SUPPORT

CAPACITY BUILDING

ACTION 3

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

SUPPORT 3

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?

BUILD NETWORKS, CREATE PLATFORMS

RESIST

EMERGING

ENGAGE

CITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

RESIST

ENGAGE

EXISTING MANAGEMENT RESTORATION

THANK YOU