HERITAGE AT RISK
WHAT CAN COMMUNITIES DO? Prepared by SAURAV SHRESTHA
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
HERITAGE AT RISK
EMERGING
EXISTING
CITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT RESTORATION
CONSTANT EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY
EXISTING RISKS RESTORATION & MANAGEMENT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
6
6
5
5
4
4
1769
1681 1600
1400
1200
2015
7
1916 1934
7
1869
8
1505
8
1408
9
1255
9
Magnitude
EARTHQUAKES & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
2000
1800
Guthi-led Shah Kings Rana PMs
Malla Kings
8000 Above Total loss of lives
1951
1846
Donor-led
1768
2000- 4000 4000-6000 6000-8000
State-led
Community
1950 1960 1970
GTZ
1980 1990
WHS in RISK
2000
Culture Policy
Integrated Management WHS out of RISK
Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Focus on Intangible Heritage
Estd. Of KVPT
Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust
Nepal Heritage Society Formed
Estd. Of NHS
Master Plan of Cultural Heritage
KV-WHS Status granted
Bhaktapur Development Project
GTZ-led BDP
Convention on Protection of Cultural Heritage
UNESCO’s Support
Guthi Act
Nationalization of Guthis
Establishment of DoA
AMPA Act
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
TIMELINE OF HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
NGOs
2010
Community Activism Government signs MoU with community. Community Buildings their own Heritage
2020 Guthi-led State-led
Donor-led
Community
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
GUTHI-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AGENCY
गठ ी
SUPPORT
STATE
MA
NA
GE ME
NT
GUTHI
RESOURCE
ACTOR
COMMUNITY
LAND MAINTAINENCE
SKILLS
LOCAL CRAFTS
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
GUTHI-LED PRACTICES & EXISTING ISSUES
NA MA
DECLINE OF GUTHI
GE ME
NT
गठ ी
LACK OF SUPPORT
MAINTAINENCE DECLINE OF LOCAL SKILLS
LOSS OF GUTHI LANDS
Pati was destroyed here For road-expansion
Temple complex still being maintained by Private Guthi
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
STATE-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
UNESCO BENEFICIARY
AGENCY AUTHORITY
GUTHI
STATE
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
‘EXPERTS’ FINANCIAL SUPPORT
DONORS
RESOURCE
BUDGET BENEFICIARY
COMMUNITY IMPLEMENTORS
SKILLS
NGOS /INGOs
LOCAL ARTISANS IMPLEMNETORS
CONTRACTORS
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
STATE-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT LACK OF BUDGET
ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION
ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION
COMPETANCY ISSUE
Use of Concrete in restoration of Ranipokhari
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
DONOR-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT
UNESCO
AUTHORITY
STATE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
‘EXPERTS’ FINANCIAL SUPPORT
DONORS
COMMUNITY
BENEFICIARY SKILLS
LOCAL ARTISANS
IMPLEMENTORS
NGOS /INGOs
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
DONOR-LED HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PIECEMEAL APPROACH
ISSUE OF PARTICIPATION
Conjecture in conservation
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
EMERGENT PRACTICES AFTER EARTHQUAKE SUPPORT
UNESCO ACTOR
GUTHI
गठी
AUTHORITY
STATE
SUPPORT
ACADEMIA MEDIA FINANCIAL SUPPORT
DONORS RESOURCE
BUDGET RESOURCE
DONORS
ACTOR
COMMUNITY
SUPPORT
SKILLS
NGOs/INGOs
LOCAL CRAFTS IMPLEMNETORS
CONTRACTORS
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
EMERGENT PRACTICES : COMMUNITY ACTIVISM
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
EMERGENT PRACTICES : REBUILD BUNGAMATI
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
EMERGENT PRACTICES: STATE-LED HOUSE POOLING
EMERGING RISKS PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT
STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2030
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT
SETTLEMENT AND TEMPLE OF SUNAGOTHI UNDER RISK OF ROAD EXPANSION
OUTER CITY & HERITAGE SETTLEMENTS
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
URBAN DEVELOPMENT & ITS IMPACT
INNER CITY & INNER RING ROAD
SOHRAKHUTTE PATI
CITY DEVELOPMENT AND INNER-CITY HERITAGE
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
REACTIONS & RESISTANCES 1
Rebuild Kasthamandap
2
Rebuild Bungamati
Sankhu
Consumer Groups Anti-Road Expansion Possible conflict areas
1 3
2
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
ORIENTATION OF CIVIC RESISTANCE KVDA STRATEGIC PLANS & POLICIES
P2: Satellite City Project 1 : Road Expansion
2011
2014
2016
2018
2030
Need to go beyond project based resistance to policy-level engagement
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
GAPS IN SYSTEM PM JICA NATIONAL
VALLEY
NPC
KVDA
MINISTER MoUD
MINISTER MoFALD
NO OTHER ELECTED AUTHORITY
KMC MUNICIPALITY
MAYORS X 12
NEED OF VALLEY LEVEL PLATFORM
10 MPs 35 WARDS WARD
DIRECTLY ELECTED
STRATEGIC PLANS INDIRECTLY ELECTED
NON-ELECTED BUREAUCRAT
WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO? FOCUS ON WHAT THEY NEED AND BUILD UPON THEM
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
NEEDS NETWORKS of SUSTAINABLE SUPPORT
COMMUNITY
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT
CAPACITY SUPPORT
RESOURCE SUPPORT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
NEED FOR PLATFORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION
LEGAL SUPPORT
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT ACTION 1
ACTION 3
AWARENESS GENERATION
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
POLICY SUPPORT
ACTION 2
CAPACITY BUILDING
CAPACITY SUPPORT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
BUILD NETWORKS ,CREATE PLATFORM
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
BUILD NETWORKS, CREATE PLATFORMS ACTION 1
AWARENESS GENERATION
SUPPORT 1
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT
SUPPORT 2
ACTION 2
CAPACITY SUPPORT
CAPACITY BUILDING
ACTION 3
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SUPPORT 3
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
HERITAGE AT RISK : WHAT CAN WE DO ?
BUILD NETWORKS, CREATE PLATFORMS
RESIST
EMERGING
ENGAGE
CITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
RESIST
ENGAGE
EXISTING MANAGEMENT RESTORATION
THANK YOU