Saur energy magazine November 2017 by Saur Energy International

SAUR ENERGY I N T E R N A T I O N A L EDITOR MANAS NANDI editorial@saurenergy.com

DIRECTOR MARKETING & SALES

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

PRATEEK KAPOOR prateek@saurenergy.com

IT’S

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Time!

NILOY BANERJEE niloy@saurenergy.com

FEATURE SPECIALIST LAIQUE KHAN laique@saurenergy.com

TECHNICAL EDITOR BIKRAM SINGH NEGI bikram@saurenergy.com

MANAGER MARKETING HEMANT ARORA hemant@saurenergy.com

DESIGN HEAD ABHISHEK GUPTA

WEB DEVELOPMENT MANAGER JITENDER KUMAR

WEB PRODUCTION BALVINDER SINGH

SUBSCRIPTIONS SHUBHAM GUPTA subscription@saurenergy.com Saur Energy International is printed, published, edited and owned by Manas Nandi and published from 303, 2nd floor, Neelkanth Palace, Plot No- 190, Sant Nagar, East of Kailash, New Delhi- 110065 (INDIA), Printed at Pearl Printers, C-105, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase 1, New Delhi. Editor, Publisher, Printer and Owner make every effort to ensure high quality and accuracy of the content published. However he cannot accept any responsibility for any effects from errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Editor and publisher. The information in the content and advertisement published in the magazine are just for reference of the readers. However, readers are cautioned to make inquiries and take their decision on purchase or investment after consulting experts on the subject. Saur Energy International holds no responsibility for any decision taken by readers on the basis of the information provided herein. Any unauthorised reproduction of Saur Energy International magazine content is strictly forbidden. Subject to Delhi Jurisdiction.

More than 50 lakh Indians are estimated to have died prematurely in 2015 due to PM 2.5 air pollution, according to a new Lancet report that highlights the signiﬁcant health risks from climate change. The journal said that the world has seen a 46% increase in weather-related disasters since 2000 costing $129 billion in economic losses in 2016. It is estimated that an average of 5.3% fall in productivity for rural labour globally happened since 2000 as a result of rising temperatures. In 2016, climate change took more than 920,000 people globally out of the workforce, with 418,000 of them in India alone. It is estimated that 1.9 million deaths across 21 Asian countries in 2015 can be attributed to PM2.5 air pollution from sources like coal power plants, transport, household pollution, waste, shipping, agriculture and others. Of the total of 1.9 million, 524,680 deaths—one in every four—were in India. Of these 524,680 deaths, at least 124,207 were from PM2.5 air pollution at homes, 80,368 from coal power plants and 50,905 from transport. Its time! Let’s take this as a mission.

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

ManasNandi manas@saurenergy.com

NATIONAL NEWS Hindustan Power to Seal Solar Asset Sale with to Macquarie Asia Infrastructure Fund Delhi-based Hindustan Power projects Pvt Ltd (Hindustan Power) expects to conclude by November a deal to sell some of its solar assets to Macquarie Asia Infrastructure Fund (MAIF). The due diligence process is going on as Macquarie, as any other foreign investor, is very particular about project details, especially when it comes to land issues. Unfortunately, in India, especially in some States, there is often lack of clarity regar-

IndiGrid Approves Acquisition of Three Power Transmission Assets IndiGrid, India's ﬁrst Infrastructure Investment Trust in the power sector, has approved the acquisition of three power transmission assets from its sponsor Sterlite Power Grid Ventures Ltd at a value of INR 14.9 billion. These acquisitions result in a 40% increase in AUM, from INR 38 billion to INR 53 billion. The three assets consists of 5 transmission lines aggregating 1,425 Ckms thus increasing its total portfolio to 13 transmission lines and 2 substations across 8 states. These inter-state assets were awarded on perpetual basis on a Build, Own, Operate and Maintain model through competitive bidding. They have a long residual contractual life of about 34 years and are operating under the

ding land, this confuses for-

Point of Connection mechanism in India thereby

eign investors. Post the deal,

signiﬁcantly de-risking the revenues.

Hindustan Power will retain almost half of its installed solar capacity, totalling less than 300 MW, while its under-construction capacity is around 150-200 MW,

Expansion of Railways to Propel the Instrumentation Cables Market

in India, said two people aware

Technavio market research analysts forecast the

of the development. The move

global instrumentation cables market to grow

by one of the largest nuclear and

at a CAGR of more than 4% during the forecast

success given the record low solar and wind power tariffs. Fortum has plans of investing around €400 million in India’s solar sector.

period, according to their latest report. The market study covers the present scenario and growth prospects of the global instrumentation cables market for 2017-2021. The report also lists APAC, the Americas, and EMEA as the three major geographical segments, of which APAC had the largest market share of over 35% in 2016. Technavio analysts highlight the following three

of 545 circuit kms in the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. One line was commissioned in June 2016 and the other line in January 2017. • Maheshwaram Transmission Limited: Two 400 kV interstate transmission lines of 477 circuit Kms in the state of Telangana. One line was commissioned in September 2017 and other line is expected to commission in October 2017.

Essel Infra Commissions 55MW Solar Projects in UP and Karnataka

project in Karnataka in the next 45 days. The company is aiming to increase its share in green energy through construction of massive solar projects in Uttar Pradesh, Odisha and Karnataka of 520MW capacity in the near future. Essel Infra recently commissioned a 50MW capacity solar project in Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh and a 5MW capacity project in Bijapur, Karnataka. The company’s effort in generating green power is in tune with the government's target of generating 100GW power through solar

market drivers that are contributing to the growth

projects by 2022.

of the global instrumentation cables market:

The EIL is the infrastructure arm of Essel group,

• Expansion of railways

a diversified conglomerate led by Subhash

• Increasing power generation from wind energy

Chandra. It has an order book value of USD

sources • Rapid industrialization in APAC

Limited: Two 400 kV interstate transmission lines

will com-mission an additional 60 MW capacity

operational solar power projects

lowest cost has become key to

• Purulia & Kharagpur Transmission Company

towards generating green energy, Essel Infra

clays Bank to sell a stake in its

at a time when ﬁnancing at the

February 2016.

country. It also said as part of its commitment

wer utility Fortum has hired Bar-

clean energy space. It comes

Madhya Pradesh. The line was commissioned in

aging 165MW capacity solar projects in the

Finland’s state-controlled po-

growing consolidation in India’s

403 circuit kms in the states of Rajasthan and

and Karnataka. The company is already man-

Stake in Indian Solar Assets

investors is representative of

KV double circuit interstate transmission line of

55MW capacity solar projects in Uttar Pradesh

Fortum Hires Barclays to Sell

ope and Russia to seek ﬁnancial

• RAPP Transmission Company Limited: One 400

Essel Infraprojects Ltd (EIL) has commissioned

the spokesperson added.

hydropower generators in Eur-

Acquisition Details:

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

5.06 billion and a national footprint of more than 17 states across more than 100 cities.

NATIONAL NEWS World’s First Fully Tempered 2mm Solar Glass Production Unit Opens in Bharuch

The world’s first fully tempered 2 mm solar glass production facility was inaugurated at Govali plant of Gujarat Borosil in Bharuch. It was inaugurated by principal scientific advisor to Government of India and Padma Vibhushan awardee Dr. R Chidambaram. “Production of 2 mm fully tempered solar glass will increase efficiency of the solar modules. This would further lower the cost of power and significantly improve the viability of solar power. This will be the first plant in the world to produce 2 mm fully tempered solar glass,” vice-chairman of Gujarat Borosil Pradip Kheruka said. The facility has been developed at a cost of Rs 70 crore. Chidambaram said, “The global market for solar energy fluctuates so countries which have excess capacities at any point of time dump their products into the global market. European Union had started putting antidumping duties on Chinese solar glass import. Few

Reliance Commercial Finance Secures Rs 300 Crore Loan Amount from IREDA to Finance Renewables Reliance Commercial Finance, a subsidiary of Reliance Capital has signed an agreement for Rs 300 crore loan with Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA). The loan will be put into use for renewable energy and energy efﬁciency projects. Devang Mody, Executive Director and CEO, Reliance Commercial Finance said, "Reliance Commercial Finance Limited is already a strong known name in the renewable energy funding space, especially related to solar and wind energy. Our partnership with IREDA opens new opportunities for us to create solutions for renewable power sector." Reliance Commercial Finance has funded wind and solar energy sectors of more than 1800 MW. It will also provide ﬁnancial assistance for developing infrastructure and other projects targeted towards the government initiatives on renewable energy. "With the funding we are confident that RCFL (Reliance Commercial Finance) will provide solutions and help fill any gaps in financing the Renewable Energy sector," Chairman & Managing Director of IREDA, K.S. Popli mentioned in the statement.

months back India also imposed anti-dumping duty on certain textured tempered glass imports from China. So, it takes courage to seek leadership in the solar glass technology, which is to be effectively utilized by Indian entrepreneurs.”

Azure Power Secures 250MW Solar Power Project with the Tariff of Rs 3.14

Azure Power has won a 250MW solar project in an auction conducted under Domestic Content Requirement (DCR) by Indian utility NTPC. Azure Power quoted the lowest bid of Rs 3.14. NTPC has stated in the tender that there is no predetermined site locations for the project, which makes bidders liable to identify the land for a 250MW solar project themselves. Also, the equipments used for the installation and commissioning must be sourced lo0cally under Domestic Content Requirement (DCR) categoty. The scope of work for 250MW solar project includes designing, engineering, manufacturing, supply, packaging and forwarding, transportation, unloading, storage, installation, and commissioning. The selected developer is also liable to deliver O&M solutions for the project and transmission system. The project was tendered in August 2017.

India's Largest Floating Solar Plant Gets Commissioned The construction works of the largest floating solar plant in the country have been completed at the Banasura Sagar reservoir in Wayanad. The 500 kWp (kilowatt peak) solar plant of the KSEB floats on 6,000 square metres of water surface of the reservoir. The outlay for the project is Rs 9.25 crore. The solar photovoltaic panels of the floating solar farm have been installed on 18 floating platforms made of ferrocement floaters with hollow insides. "The installation works of the floating solar panels is over and the plant will be ready for inauguration soon," said Manoharan P, assistant executive engineer at the KSEB research and dam safety subdivision, Thariyode. Orange Renewable Commissions 140MW Solar Power Projects in Gujarat and Maharashtra Orange Renewable, a 100% subsidiary of Singapore-based AT Holdings Pte. Ltd successfully commissioned a total capacity of 140 MW Solar PV Projects in the state of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The projects with respective capacity of 40 MW (Charankar Solar Park, Gujarat) and 100 MW (Dhule, Maharashtra) were bagged through a competitive bidding process in 2016 conducted by Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), the nodal agency for implementation of MNRE schemes for developing grid connected solar power capacity through Variable Gap Funding (VGF) model in the country. The VGF scheme is a part of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) to set up grid connected Solar PV Projects in India.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

NATIONAL NEWS New Interpretation of Customs Rule Classify Solar Modules as Electrical Motors and Generators A new interpretation of customs rules has jeopardized India’s solar energy projects, with ofﬁcials demanding payment of import duties on crucial inputs that were previously always shipped in without any levy, leaving developers stranded as 90% of these modules are not produced in India. This has held up about 1,000 containers of solar modules at the Chennai port, affecting almost all the leading developers because customs authorities have suddenly started classifying solar modules as “electrical motors and gener-

Work on 750MW Ultra Mega Solar Power Park Begins To further push solar power generation in the state, Gujarat government on broke ground for 750MW ultra-mega solar power park at Radhanesda village of Vav taluka in Banaskantha district.The project is expected to attract investments of approximately Rs 2,800 crore.The project is located some 150km from Patan district's Charanka, which houses the ﬁrst such solar park in the state. The state government has acquired 1,407 hectares of land and aims to complete the first phase of development by March 2018. Solar power generation capacity of 250MW will be installed in the ﬁrst phase. "After Charanka, Gujarat government has put North Gujarat on India's solar map by planning ultra-mega solar power park at Radhanesda in Banaskantha," said the state's energy minister Chimanbhai Sapariya, who along with minister of state, health and urban development, Shankar Chaudhary attended the ground-breaking ceremony. In addition to this, another 500MW solar

ators,” which attract a levy of

utives said. The Ministry of New

MNRE Urges Tamil Nadu to Prevent Arbitrary Curtailment of Solar Power

& Renewable Energy is seized

In his letters addressed to Vikram Kapur, Principal

7.5%, plus 2% education cess and 1% secondary and higher education cess, industry exec-

of the matter and has written to the ﬁnance ministry. Renewable Energy Share Hits All Time High in India Rapid increases in installed capacity and favourable weather conditions pushed renewable energy generation in India to an all-time high earlier this year. In July 2017, the share of renewable energy generation among India’s total electricity generation and imports touched 13.2%, the highest ever in the country. Total electricity generation and imports in India during July 2017 totalled 98.1 billion kilowatthours, while total renewable energy generation was 12.9 billion kilowatt-hours.

Secretary in the Tamil Nadu government, Dilip Nigam, Advisor-National Solar Mission, MNRE has asked to “instruct the concerned officials at the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Co (TANGEDCO) not to curtail generation from solar plants, which in any case are must run plants”. The letter stated that “the ministry has received various representations regarding backing down of solar projects” in Tamil Nadu and points out that “solar power developers need to be given adequate confidence to maximise development of solar power capacity in the state”. The solar power plants have been subject to repeated curtailment in the state since 2016, and have even made the National Solar Energy Federation of India (NSEFI) to file a petition before the Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission, asking it to intervene. Moreover, Adani Green Energy which holds 216 MW solar plant in Ramanathapuram district, has also filed a similar petition.

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

power park has also been planned at Suigam in Banaskantha. The state government has acquired 689 hectares of land for the project, for which it will spend Rs 185 crore. The project is expected to attract investments worth Rs 2,000 crore. Gujarat currently has 1,265MW solar power generation capacity.

First Utility Scale Storage Project in India Takes Off NLC India Limited, a government of India owned coal mining company, recently completed auction for a 20 MW solar project integrated with 28 MWh storage capacity in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. This is the first utility scale storage tender in India to announce results. The tender includes provision of complete EPC and O&M services for twenty-five years. Mahindra Susten won the auction with a final all-in price of INR 2.99 Bn (USD 46 Mn). The NLC tender has fairly stringent technical specification with performance warranties and associated penalties for full 25-year duration of the contract. Despite that, the auction received an enthusiastic response from players across the solar (Mahindra, Adani, Hero, Sterling & Wilson and Ujaas, amongst others) and storage (Exide, BHEL) spectrum. There was a huge variation in prices particularly for the EPC component – ranging from INR 1.79 bn for Mahindra Susten to INR 3.42 bn for Hero – suggesting inconsistent understanding of technical specification. SECI’s storage tenders have also faced this problem in the past with bidders struggling to interpret technical requirements.

Empanelled with MNRE

NATIONAL NEWS Adani Enterprises to Demerge Renewable Energy Business to Simplify Structure Adani Enterprises has announced plans to demerge its renewable energy business into associate company Adani Green Energy Ltd as part of simplifying overall business structure. Post demerger scheme, which has been approved by the boards of the two companies, Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL) would be listed on the exchanges. Announcing the scheme of arrangement for demerger of the renewable power undertaking into AGEL, Adani Enterprises said it would "simplify the bus-iness structure". The scheme would provide the shareholders of AEL direct shareholding in AGEL, "listing of the largest rene-wable Power Independent Power Producer (IPP) having a total portfolio of 2,148 MW in India, according to a statement. ISA to Publicize 5 Years Program for Scaling Rooftop Solar During RE-INVEST India 2017 The International Solar Alliance Program is scheduled to launch during RE-INVEST India 2017 on 8th December. The objective of ISA Program will be to promote, assess potential, harmonize demand and pool resources for rapid deployment of and scaling up Rooftop Solar (Off-Grid and Grid-Connected) in pursuit of the objectives of the Paris Declaration, 2015 and towards fulﬁllment of its obligations under Article II and III (2) of Framework Agreement. The draft was updated during the curtain raiser of the RE-INVEST 2017 and ISA foundation ceremony, which was chaired by the newly appointed Power Minister, RK Singh.

India’s Acme Solar Eyes 335 Million Dollars Through IPO One of India’s leading solar power developers in the private sector is planning to list itself on the Indian bourses. Acme Solar Holdings is looking to raise Rs 2,200 crore ($335 million) through its initial public offering. Acme Solar has been aggressively bidding in the recent solar power auctions and is currently in the process of setting up India’s lowest-priced solar power project ever. The company secured rights to develop a 200 megawatt solar power project in the Rajasthan-based Bhadla solar power park at a record tariff of Rs 2.44/kWh (3.7¢/kWh) earlier this year. Funds raised from the IPO will be used for setting up this 200 megawatt project. This seems to be a very smart move on the part of the company, as raising debt with such a low tariff would have been a major challenge even when the off-taker is a government entity like NTPC Limited. The exercise of listing the company will unlock greater value thus increasing conﬁdence among prospective lenders. Acme Solar Holdings will perhaps be the largest pure renewable energy developer to be listed at the Indian bourses. Ujaas Energy is another developer listed at the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange but its size is much smaller compared to Acme’s. Orient Green Power Company has a diverse portfolio of wind and biomass power projects but its market capitalization is much lower at less than Rs 650 crore ($100 million). Suzlon Energy has its core business as wind energy equipment manufacturing but owns perhaps the largest wind energy capacity in India. Its market capitalization is over Rs 8,000 crore ($1.2 billion).

Wartsila to Offer Energy Storage Solutions in India The technology group Wärtsilä will offer technically and environmentally advanced energy storage solutions to the power markets in India. Following the acquisition, in May 2017, of Greensmith Energy Management Systems Inc., a market leader in grid-scale energy storage software and integrated solutions, Wärtsilä Energy Solutions has become a leading global system integrator, providing both stand-alone energy storage as well as hybridized energy systems, control software and integration expertise. Even though India has achieved a certain level of adequacy in power generation capacity, a granular analysis of data shows that peak/energy shortages exist in certain states and/or in peak hours and certain seasons. A closer look also reveals that there are serious challenges, existing and looming, when it comes to grid management and in ensuring high standards of reliability. The only answer is stand-alone energy storage. Mr. Javier Cavada Camino, President, Energy Solutions, and Executive Vice-President of Wärtsilä Corporation, said, “We are very excited to be able to introduce these new solutions to our customers in India. Adding energy storage technology enables customers to have instant power while saving fuel and maintenance costs. The growing capacity of renewable generation, including solar PV, becomes more sustainable and attractive when integrated with advanced energy storage.”

European Investment Bank Signs Partnership Pact with Solar Alliance The European Investment Bank has inked a partnership agreement with International Solar Alliance for an 800 million euro financial aid to support India's clean energy project. The partnership between the two bodies will mobilize finance to develop affordable solar energy in countries that get ample sunlight. "The European Investment Bank (EIB) also confirmed plans to provide a record EUR 800 million for renewable energy investment across India," EIB said in a statement. The solar energy joint declaration was exchanged between Andrew McDowell, EIB Vice President and India government at the 14th India European Union summit in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, European Council President Donald Tusk and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker. "This new agreement reflects our shared commitment to successful implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement and ensuring that solar rich economies can harness solar power to increase supply of affordable clean energy," said McDowell. EIB is one of the world's largest lenders for renewables energy as well the world's largest international public bank. In its cooperation with International Solar Alliance (ISA), EIB will mobilize financing for development and deployment of affordable solar energy in ISA member countries.

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

NATIONAL NEWS KOR Energy installs Solar Systems at Cold Storages KOR Energy (India) Pvt. Ltd. has successfully installed a Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Systems at three cold storages in Haryana. A 90KWp System at Maan Brothers Cold Storage at Kurukshetra, 77KWp System at Lawrance Agro Storage Pvt. Ltd. and 66KWp System at R.P Cold Storages Pvt Ltd. at Sonipat have been installed by KOR Energy recently. KOR Energy has used tier 1 modules of Vikram Solar and ABB String Invertors in these projects to ensure maximum yield and performance consistency. The systems installed have the capability of remote monitoring of production with accurate fault recognition and real time performance monitoring. Ms Priyanka Mohan, Director, KOR Energy (India) Pvt. Ltd. said, “India is the world's second largest producer of horticultural commodities after China. However, around 30% of this produce perishes due to lack of adequate cold storage facilities. Cold storages are essential to store food products and to maintain that environment it consumes heavy electricity. The life of solar plant in cold storages is more than 25 years. Conventional cold storages cost less that of solar-powered ones but require more grid power which comprises around 20 to 30 percent of their running cost. Rooftop Solar Plants in cold storages not only reduces this cost, but also make a key contribution in moving towards green energy revolution.”

Indian Railways to Add 5MWp of Solar Power Plant The Railway's first set of solar plants with a total capacity of 5MWp will be launched by Railway Minister Piyush Goyal. The plants on the rooftops of Hazrat Nizamuddin, New Delhi, Anand Vihar and Delhi railway stations will generate 76.5 lakh units of solar power cumulatively per year and shall meet about 30 per cent of the energy requirement of these stations, the officials said. Through the project, the railways will save Rs 421.4 lakh annually and will reduce 6082 tonnes of CO2 emissions. This project is a part of the government's National Solar Mission in which Indian Railways plans to commission 1000 MWp solar plants across its network. The project was awarded in December 2016. The cost of the project is Rs.37.45 crore and has been bought by the developer under the PPP model. The developer will also maintain it for 25 years and Railways will only pay energy consumed at Rs 4.14 per unit, said the officials. The launch is planned at the inauguration of the International Conference on Green Initiatives and Railway Electrification tomorrow.

Initiate Clean Cooking Movement by Tapping Solar Energy Market: PM Modi to Start-Ups Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday gave a call to start-ups run by the city youth to initiate a clean cooking movement by tapping the huge market potential of solar energy, saying they would get blessings of women from the poor sections of society. Modi said in the last 35 years, governments had spent Rs 4,000 crore on renewable energy but within three years of his government assuming ofﬁce, nearly Rs 11,000 crore had been spent. "I invite start-ups run by youth residing in Bengaluru to initiate a clean cooking movement by tapping a huge market potential of solar energy. Whoever initiates it, will be blessed by mothers belonging to poor households," he said participating in a function here. Modi said by 2030, India aimed to address 40 per cent of its power needs by means of renewable energy. The government's aim is to produce 175 gigawatt power by 2022, he added. He said LED bulbs which earlier cost more than Rs 350 were now available for Rs 40 to Rs 45 under the Ujala scheme. More than 27 crore LED bulbs had been distributed so far, he said, adding that through this scheme the middle class had been able to save Rs 7,000 crore. The government had distributed more than three crore gas connections to rural women which had not only made a positive difference in their lives, but also contributed to a cleaner environment, he said.

ABB Sees India as a Potential Location for its Microgrid Solutions Global power and automation player ABB is looking at India as a potential location for its microgrid solutions given the country’s huge requirement for electrification, and the government’s push for renewable energy, Markus Bruegmann, the company’s global product group manager for microgrids, Power Grids division, said. “In emerging markets, it’s firstly about the access to electricity, and reducing certain fuel cost because today from India so many people are not electriﬁed and they run on diesel- this is a driver for the emerging markets. We see it (India) as a growth market, as far as a microgrid is concerned,” he said. NIMMA to Promote Solar PV modules Manufacturers in India A Group of small and medium size solar PV module manufactures has formed an association “North India Module Manufacturer Association” (NIMMA) under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 to promote and voice the concerns of this segment. NIMMA will act as an umbrella association for solar module manufacturers and will work towards maintaining a healthy business environment by providing necessary support to its members. NIMMA will assist its members to develop, promote and improve the product and manufacturing standards, joint marketing strategies and will take up the concerns of its members with the concerned authorities. The Association will also work as a nodal platform for the development and process of scientiﬁc and economic research regarding development and manufacturing of solar PV module.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

INTERNATIONAL NEWS EBRD Earmarks 200 Million Euros for Renewables in Kazakhstan As Kazakhstan prepares to celebrate the 25th anniversary of its independence, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is boosting its support for renewable energy, which will increasingly power its future.The EBRD Board of Directors has approved a financing framework of up to €200 million. This will be used to ﬁnance primarily private renewable energy projects with a total generating capacity of 300 MW within the next ﬁve years. Such projects can be in wind or solar power, small hydro plants or biogas. The construction of generating capacity will be allocated €160 million, while €40 million will be allotted to electricity grid modernization, which is necessary in order to integrate these renewable projects into the national transmission system. ENGIE Accelerates Its Development in the Off-Grid Energy Market by Joining Forces with Fenix ENGIE and Fenix have agreed on a transaction in which ENGIE will acquire1 100% of Fenix International, a next generation energy company, offering Solar Home Systems (SHS) in Africa. Founded in 2009, Fenix employs over 350 people and has its main activities in Uganda where it is the leading SHS player with more than 140,000 customers. Fenix recently expanded into Zambia and plans further rollouts in other countries across Africa. Fenix will be the first SHS company to join a major worldwide energy company, which puts the fight against climate change and energy access at the very center of its purpose.

Array Technologies Adds Over 580MW of Solar Trackers to Australian Portfolio

Array Technologies has announced use of the company’s award-winning DuraTrack HZ v3 trackers in six new Australian solar projects. The projects, scheduled for commercial operation in 2018, total 586 MW of new solar power in Australia and will provide reliable, clean power to 238,000 homes across Queensland and Victoria. Australia has one of the fastest growing solar markets in the world. A recent RenewEconomy report shows that the country’s solar capacity is on track for 12 GW of installed capacity by 2020, double the current total. Array’s trackers add value for Australian developers and EPCs with their streamlined installation, zero scheduled maintenance, and industry-leading reliability. Projects in this burgeoning solar tracker portfolio include sites at Ross River with 148 MW solar installations, which is currently under construction with completion expected in August of 2018. 60MW Gannawarra solar facility, which is anticipated to be online in March of 2018. Whitsunday 69 MW solar farm, which is expected to commence commercial operation in March of 2018. Located in close proximity to Whitsunday in North Queensland, Hamilton is a 69 MW, expected to commence commercial operation in March of 2018. A 180 MW Daydream solar farm in North Queensland, with is expected commercial operation in August of 2018. Hayman 60 MW facility also located in North Queensland. It is expected to commence commercial operation in August of 2018. In addition to these six recent projects, Array is also providing trackers for three projects in New South Wales, Australia – Parkes (66 MW), Grifﬁth (36 MW) and Dubbo (28 MW). Completion of all three installations is expected by the end of 2017.

Heraeus Introduces New Frontside Silver Paste at PV Taiwan International Photovoltaic Exhibition

Heraeus Photovoltaics has introduced a new paste specifically designed for Diamond-Wire-Cut (DWC) multicrystaline solar cells at the PV Taiwan International Photovoltaic Exhibition. The SOL9651D series front-side silver paste was developed by Heraeus in response to the growing industry adoption of DWC multicrystaline solar cells with a specially textured surface. Industry analysts expect DWC cells to have 80% market share by the end of 2018. Weiming Zhang, Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Heraeus Photovoltaics, noted that the development and production of the SOL9651D paste was accelerated to meet the cell’s technical requirements and deliver superior performance. He said, “When products like DWC quickly emerge to become the de-facto industry choice for cell manufacturers, it is critical that the right paste be ready and capable to deliver. Heraeus SOL9651D ensures manufacturers can avoid speed bumps on their innovation roadmap.” The launch of the SOL9651D paste series marks another milestone by Heraeus to help solar cell companies improve cell efficiency, address costs and stay ahead of rapid technology developments. For companies that are using DWC cells, SOL9651D is specifically designed to provide a wide range of capabilities and benefits.

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

Infineon Partners with Smart Wires to Shape up Existing Grids for Renewables Infineon Technologies is partnering with Smart Wires on the design of the SmartValve. Infineon announced its collaboration with the Silicon Valley-based technology company at the OktoberTech 2017 Technology Forum. Since today’s grids are extremely challenged, utilities demand more economic, flexible solutions for the integration of renewable energies. New lines and other upgrades are, however, often costly and sometimes infeasible. At the same time, industry experts highlight that global power grids were built without valves to control the flow of power for higher efficiency. The solution: SmartValve – As a third-generation product it is considerably lighter, less costly than other solutions and offers precise control of power flows on transmission lines of nearly all of the most common voltage and current levels. Increasing or decreasing the power flowing through a transmission line, it serves as a valve enabled by Infineon. The new SmartValve can be controlled through the utility’s energy management system or programmed to respond automatically to a wide variety of grid conditions. The SmartValve can be ordered now and is ready for delivery in early 2019.

300,000+ PROFESSIONALS

Saur Energy International offers wide opportunity to reach your target audience and position your company as a leader in the solar Industry through content advertising. We create content that make sense. Our content marketing plans can ďŹ t your requirement and help to drive qualiďŹ ed audience for your organization. Content marketing is one of the most practical, effective, and useful marketing strategies today. Get in touch with us now to create a compelling and strategic content plan for your company.

To read free scan above code magazine.saurenergy.com

Array Technologies Adds Over 580MW of Solar Trackers to Australian Portfolio

Heraeus Introduces New Frontside Silver Paste at PV Taiwan International Photovoltaic Exhibition

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

INTERNATIONAL NEWS Sonnen Builts First Sonnen City with sonnenBatterie in United States In the US state of Arizona, a new city is being built in which every 3000 homes can produce, store and network their own electricity. According to his own data, Sonnen is currently implementing the largest home storage project in the US. Sonnen equips 3000 new homes in the US state of Arizona with a sonnenBatterie. This is part of a new concept of house builder and map designer Mandalay Homes, who is building a new community in Prescott Valley in the US state of Arizona. In the village of Jasper, all houses receive a photovoltaic system and a sonnenBatterie. This means that every household is able to generate the majority of its electricity itself. The electricity account of each house is therefore very low from the beginning. In addition, the batteries are networked with one another and can communicate with one another. With this technology, which is already being used in Germany for the power sharing of the sonnenCommunity, a virtual power plant with a capacity of 23 MWh and an output of 11.6 MW is being built. This large buffer can absorb energy from the grid at times of high production and later release it when the consumption is very high. The Sonnen City also supports the public electricity network. In addition, the solar batteries interact with a smart home control so that the solar current can not only be stored, but also can be distributed to air-conditioning systems, the lighting or other loads such as pool pumps of each house.

SunPower to Supply 291MW in Second Round CRE4 French Tenders for Solar Projects SunPower has announced that it will supply 291MW of its high-efficiency solar panels to projects awarded in the second round of France's CRE tender process, which includes ground mount, carport and roof top projects in continental France and storage and self-consumption in the country's ZNI (noninterconnected zones). "With these awards, the total capacity of SunPower solar panels supplied to ground, carport and rooftop, and ZNI projects awarded in this year's first and second round tender process is 505 megawatts, more than any other solar panel brand," said SunPower Executive Vice President Peter Aschenbrenner. "SunPower solar panels deliver cost-competitive power and proven long-term reliability, and we are proud to play a significant role in serving France's goals for clean, renewable solar power." Compared to conventional panels, E-Series solar panels produce 30 percent more energy in the same space over the first 25 years. SunPower's direct current E-Series solar panels, as well as its X-Series solar panels, are Cradle to Cradle Certified™ Silver. SunPower is the only solar panel manufacturer in the world to achieve this designation, which demonstrates a product's quality based on rankings in five categories: material health, material reutilization, renewable energy use, water stewardship, and social fairness.

Cornerstone Laid For a New Laboratory Building at Fraunhofer ISE

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in Freiburg, Germany has laid the cornerstone of its new Center for High-Efficiency Solar Cells, which is financed by a total of €32.6m from the federal government and the state government of Baden-Württemberg. Construction is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2019. Building on this foundation, the new Center for High-Efficiency Solar Cells will replace the outdated cleanroom for solar cell development with infrastructure equipped for the next generation of solar cells. “In designing the new cleanroom facilities, we were able to adjust the infrastructure to meet the latest technological challenges,” says director Dr Andreas Bett. “We are grateful to the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg for financing the new laboratory building,” he adds.

Tigo Launches Next Generation SMART App Tigo, pioneer of the Smart Modular Flex MLPE platform, has unveiled Tigo SMART, the next generation mobile application. The seamless integration between Tigo's online monitoring portal and this SMART app improves the experience for Tigo's installer partners who use this platform to design, layout, register, configure, commission, and monitor customers' PV systems from the field. The app provides the PV system owners with unmatched insight into energy generation as well as the PV system installers with the ultimate set of asset management features - all at their ﬁngertips from a mobile phone. The new Tigo SMART 3.0 app is downloadable for iOS and Android through Apple’s App Store or Google Play. Notiﬁc-ations will be pushed to exi-sting Tigo app users once the next generation updates are automatically completed. Learn more with the Tigo SMART App Manual on Tigo's Resource Center. ABB Delivers ABB inverter stations Solar Solutions to El Romero Solar Plant in Chile The solar plant is situated in the harsh environment of the Atacama Desert in Chile, 645 km north of the country’s capital Santiago. One of the driest places in the world, the Atacama spans 1,000km and experiences extreme temperatures from 40 °C in the day to -5 °C and below at night. Leading Spanish independent power producer ACCIONA, selected ABB to deliver an all-in-one inverter solution that provides clean energy to power the data center for a global, leading tech giant.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

INTERNATIONAL NEWS WElink to Start Unsubsidized Solar Power Project in Europe WElink energy has started construction to build largest privately funded farm solar in Portugal. This power plant will contains 221 MW power and will be unsubsidized. As company claimed it will be the Europe’s biggest unsubsidized solar PV plant. The £200million for solar project will have a 221MW peak capacity and will generate enough clean electricity to power the equivalent of 200,000 homes with an emission reduction of 218,310 tons of carbon dioxide. United States Decision on Paris Doesn't Matter For Renewable Growth: Fitch Ratings The United States plan to withdraw from the multilateral Paris climate agreement doesn't matter for the pace of growth for renewables globally, as mentioned in Fitch Ratings. Fitch Ratings states in a report published that power generation from renewable resources has nearly quadrupled in the last decade and expanded more than six times to 770GW at the end of last year. U.S. President Donald Trump has aligned his energy policies closer to oil and coal, after casting doubts about the causes of climate change while on the campaign trail last year. His administration is reviewing its role in the multilateral Paris climate deal, which if abandoned, would leave the United States and Syria as the only two countries in the world sitting outside the agreement.

NREL Inks Technology Agreement for High Efficiency Multijunction Solar Cells The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has entered into a license agreement with MicroLink Devices, Inc. (Niles, IL) to commercialize NREL's patented inverted metamorphic (IMM) multijunction solar cells. While high-efficiency multijunction solar cells are commonly used for space satellites, researchers have continued to look for ways to improve cost and performance to enable a broader range of applications. The IMM technique licensed by MicroLink Devices enables multijunction III-V solar cells to be grown with both higher efficiencies and lower costs than traditional multijunction solar cells by reversing the order in which individual sub-cells are typically grown. The IMM architecture enables greater power extraction from the higher-bandgap sub-cells and further allows the use of more efficient low-bandgap sub-cell materials such as Indium Gallium Arsenide. In contrast to traditional III-V multijunction solar cells, IMM devices are removed from their growth substrate, allowing the substrate to be reused over multiple growth runs – a significant component in reducing overall device costs. Removing the substrate also reduces the weight of the solar cell, which is important for applications such as solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles.

New Solar PV Installations Approaching 100GW in 2017 The newly installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity worldwide will exceed 95GW in 2017, according to the latest forecast of Bernreuter Research. "Supply of the feedstock polysilicon would even allow PV installations to reach 100 GW if inventories were strongly reduced," says Johannes Bernreuter, head of the market research firm and author of the Polysilicon Market Outlook 2020. Bernreuter Research expects a global polysilicon output of 460,000 to 465,000 metric tons (MT), including 30,000 MT of electronic-grade material for the semiconductor industry, in 2017. "As sawing solar wafers with diamond wire instead of using slurry is reducing the specific silicon consumption more and more, polysilicon supply will be sufficient to produce 100 GW of crystalline solar cells without overly depleting inventories," says Bernreuter. The analyst predicts that the polysilicon spot price will fall from around 16.60 US$/kg currently to a range of 14 to 15 US$/kg by the end of the year when capacities presently under maintenance have returned to operation. Should China, however, impose higher duties on polysilicon imports from South Korea in November; the spot price would be driven up again. The strong PV growth is mainly propelled by the massive installation boom in China, which no analyst anticipated at the beginning of this year. After 42 GW were already connected to the grid in the first three quarters, Bernreuter Research expects that new PV installations in China will exceed 50 GW in 2017.

Scatec Solar Closes Financing for 400MW Solar PV Plant in Egypt Scatec Solar ASA (SSO) and partners have achieved financial close for six solar PV power plants in Egypt totaling 400 MW. A consortium of international Development Finance Institutions is providing a non-recourse project finance of USD 335 million, which accounts for 75% of the CAPEX. The consortium consists of EBRD, the United Nations' Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Dutch development bank, FMO, the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and the Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD). This is the consortium's first joint projects in Egypt's renewable energy sector. "With this programme, the government of Egypt is making important steps towards accessing clean and low-cost electricity to drive development and economic prosperity. Scatec Solar and partners are making significant investments and a long-term commitment to Egypt'', says Raymond Carlsen, CEO of Scatec Solar. The six projects involving a total investment of USD 450 million are located in the Benban solar park in Aswan in Upper Egypt. Upon completion, Benban will be the largest solar installation in the world with a planned total capacity of 1.8 GW. ''We are delighted to support the largest solar portfolio in Egypt's feed-in-tariff scheme and to work again with Scatec Solar'', says EBRD's Head of Power and Energy Utilities, Harry Boyd-Carpenter.

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

INTERNATIONAL NEWS ReneSola Generates 29 Million Kilowatt Hours of Electricity from Distributed Generation Solar Projects ReneSola Ltd has announced that its distributed generation (DG) solar projects in China generated approximately 29 million kilowatt hours of electricity in the third quarter of 2017. The Company continues to believe the China rooftop solar market is a lucrative opportunity and has aggressively established its presence in that market. ReneSola currently owns over 130 MW of China rooftop projects under development, concentrated in a handful of eastern provinces of China with attractive development environments. The Company anticipates owning 150MW - 200MW of China's rooftop projects by the end of 2017. Xianshou Li, Chairman and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of ReneSola, commented, "The signiﬁcant amount of electricity generated from our DG projects marks another key milestone in our project development efforts in the China rooftop market. We are on track in our goal of developing 150-200 MW of solar rooftop projects in China this year. Our efforts in the China rooftop market enable us to become the only US-listed company levered to the exciting China rooftop opportunity."

Heliatek Raises an Additional €15 Million for Organic PV Expansion

Heliatek, a world leader in organic photovoltaic and a manufacturer of solar films, announced today that it has raised €15 million from new and existing investors. A strong interest among potential investors leads to an extension of the last round of financing. It will enable Heliatek to accelerate its development and speed up its worldwide market entry. The company supplies HeliaFilm to partners in the building and construction materials industry for application directly on facades and roofs of industrial and commercial buildings. These solar films generate green, delocalized, decarbonised electricity. An Asian Family office, based in Hong-Kong, and a German Family Holding participated in this round alongside existing shareholders that include Innogy, Engie, BASF, BNP-Paribas, AQTON, eCapital, IRTF and Wellington Partners. The Asian Family office has extensive experience in China where it holds an interest in a large Xiamen-based manufacturing company in the touch solution area. The German Family Holding brings a deep first-hand knowledge and understanding of the construction and material industry. "We are very happy to welcome these two new key investors. Our first Asian investor will help us refine and execute our strategy in that important region for our future," stated Thibaud Le Séguillon, Heliatek's CEO. "The decision of the German Family Holding to invest is one more validation of our business model. We will follow our strategy by expanding the BIOPV-market (Building Integrated Organic PhotoVoltaic) through supplying large quantities of our HeliaFilms to our customers in the building and construction material field." Heliatek is in the middle of sourcing and installing its new manufacturing roll-to-roll facility on its site in Dresden. It will offer a capacity of one million square metres per annum of solar films when fully ramped up.

SunPower Collaborates with True Green Capital Management to Finance $140 Million of U.S. Commercial Solar Projects SunPower has announced collaboration with True Green Capital Management LLC (TGC) – a privately owned, specialized energy infrastructure asset management ﬁrm –to establish a $140 million portfolio of assets representing approximately 50 megawatts of SunPower solar energy systems. TGC is expected to ﬁnance the projects. Projects of interest are likely to include those with solar renewable energy credits, as well as integrated storage components, in California, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Washington, D.C. To date, 5 megawatts of SunPower installations destined for the portfolio are under construction in Massachusetts, and an extensive pipeline of commercial projects are in development. As part of the three-year agreement, SunPower will deliver turn-key distributed solar electric power projects for commercial and public sector customers that will be acquired by TGC. SunPower will be responsible for engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of distributed generation solar projects for the partnership, and will also provide operations and management (O&M) services to the projects.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

MARKET GLANCE

Global Solar Panel Market Will Reach USD 57.5 Billion by 2022: Zion Market Research Zion Market Research has published a new

growth opportunities for the key players in

the demand for a solar panel in the coming

report titled “Solar Panel Market (Mono-

the market over the coming years.

years.

crystalline, Poly-crystalline, and Thin-ﬁlm

Asia Paciﬁc region dominates the global solar

Latin America solar panel market is expected

Solar Panel) for Residential, Commercial

panel market in 2016 and there is little doubt

to witness fair growth over the forecast

and Utility Applications: Global Industry

that Asia’s market dominance will prevail. As

period. Brazil is the major consumer of

Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis,

Asia Paciﬁc is expected to be the substantial

solar panel in the region owing to the large

and Forecast, 2016 - 2022”. According to

growing regional segment for the solar panel

industry and high awareness coupled with

the report, the global Solar Panel Market

market within the forecast period. Owing

favorable government regulation & policies in

accounted for USD 30.8 billion in 2016 and

to growing urbanization and population

the region. In addition, the rising population

is expected to reach USD 57.3 billion by

explosion and low cost of the product,

levels coupled with the tourism activities

2022, growing at a CAGR of 10.9% between

especially in countries like China and India,

are expected to increase the demand for

2017 and 2022.

are expected to augment the demand for

clean energy.

Global Solar Panel market is expected to

energy generation and construction activities

The Middle East and Africa have witnessed

witness positive growth within the forecast

in the region. In addition, the rising investment

moderate growth as compared to the other

period on account of increasing government

in clean energy research & development in

regions. The major markets for solar in the

incentives for the adoption of renewable

the emerging economies is expected to

region are UAE and South Africa. These

energy alternatives for power generation. A

further increase the demand for the solar

countries have targeted solar panel to be the

solar panel uses the solar energy to cleanly

panel. Furthermore, China dominates the

solution for the projected energy shortfall.

and efﬁciently produce electricity. For many

Asia Paciﬁc solar market throughout the

Moreover, globalization and the heavy inﬂux

years solar was considered as the main

forecast period. China and Japan alone

of expatriates in the Middle East, especially

pillar of a future renewable energy based

were responsible for over 50% of newly

in countries such as UAE, Qatar, and Oman

system. Demand for a solar panel is inc-

installed capacity, is expected to augment

have increased the demand for infrastructural

reasing prominently all over the world.

the market growth within the forecast period.

development to aid the tourist activities.

By providing operations with renewable,

North America witnessed high growth and

These developments are expected to drive

clean energy from the sun solar panels

accounted for a second largest global market

the demand for clean energy, subsequently

reduces the amount of electricity generating

share in 2016. This trend is expected to

aiding the growth of the solar panel market

from fossil fuels. The solar panel currently

continue within the forecast period owing

within the forecast period.

available in the market gives high effic-

to the government regulations in the region

Some of the key players operating in the

iency and long-term warranties will inc-

that promotes the adoption of solar panel.

global Solar Panel market are Renesola,

rease the customer preferences towards

Residential applications generated the

JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd., JA Solar Hol-

renewable energy sources. Moreover, the

largest demand for the poly-crystalline

dings Co Ltd., Canadian Solar Inc., First

technological innovations coupled with the

solar panel in North America, owing to the

Solar, Inc., Trina Solar Limited, Hanwha Q

commercialization of Solar Panel have also

prominence and high adoption of renewable

CELLS (Hanwha Group), Motech Industries

been aiding the growth of the Solar Panel

energy sources in homes and buildings.

Inc., Yingli Green Energy Holding Company

market. Rising awareness about the beneﬁts

Europe Solar panel market is expected to

Limited, and Shunfeng International Clean

of Solar Panel and depletion of fossil fuels

witness moderate growth owing to increased

Energy Limited among others.

is expected to surge the demand for Solar

clean energy demand and large investments

Panel in the years to come. However, the

related to solar infrastructure development,

high cost of installation and maintenance

especially in Germany and U.K. Furthermore,

of solar panel is expected to be a major

the presence of several key players in

restraint for the global Solar Panel market.

the region is expected to further propel

Technological advancements and favorable

the demand for a solar panel in Europe.

government policies to construct solar

Moreover, import of low-cost product from

power stations are expected to provide

the Asian market (China) will further propel

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

Ilka Verena Luck Dr.

Global Head, New Product Development & Technology, Heraeus Photovoltaics

Share us about your R&D facilities and how they are helping you to offer products with better power efficiency. And their role in delivering products with better power efficiency. One of our core strengths is our R&D capability. Today, we have five Photovoltaic R&D centers in the US, Singapore, Taiwan, China and Japan. We believe that customization is very important to increase efficiency. From our experience, we know that it is possible to increase the efficiency of solar cells by up to 1%, just by introducing a new paste and customizing it properly with regard to the process. Furthermore, our capacity and our expertise allows us to scale up the production of even customized products very quickly. This is important to allow our customers to keep the production running during introduction of new products. The production itself runs at an unrivalled repeatability ensuring continuous compatibility of the Heraeus products with the production line and the delivery of high efficiency solar cells. Please tell our readers how Heraeus Products are supporting manufacturers in maximizing cell or module performance. Heraeus Photovoltaics is strongly developing as a technology provider for the Photovoltaic Industry. Besides our full range of high efficiency silver paste products, we have increased our offerings throughout the value chain. We are also offering hardware such as Infrared lamps and screens for the silicon solar cell production as well as consumables such as diffusion barrier coating (Heraglaze)for enhanced crucible performance in the Si ingot manufacturing. However, our close relationship and on-site presence during the introduction of new products has been the key to our success. Each solar cell production line is different and therefore, it is important that we work closely with our customers to adapt our products to their production process. As a supplier to the Indian Manufacturers what do you feel that the govt. needs to do for boosting domestic manufacturing? Apart from further increasing the efficiency, bringing down cost and enhancing production capacities to meet the continuously increasing demand. The main challenge of the power sector that all renewable players face is to provide level load of power by applying storage technologies in a sensible way. What is the roadmap Heraeus have for the Indian solar market?

Q Q

Heraeus Photovoltaics has significantly expanded in R&D, application engineering and in production capacity over the last years. We have been recognized by leading industry organisations to be one of the most reliable supplier to the industry due to our professional supply chain management. So, Heraeus will be able to meet current and future demand from the Indian PV industry. Heraeus offers its industry recognized cell optimization consulting and diffusion consulting to its Indian customers. Both services aim at providing world class technical expertise to Indian cell manufacturers so that they can compete with the best in the world and turn the “Make in India” vision to reality. Solar PV manufacturing is becoming increasingly global, and with 10 GW milestone achieved, India is finally expanding. What does this mean to Heraeus? During the REI in Delhi, we noticed very strong interest in PV from investors and consumers alike. They clearly see the economic benefit and the easy installation. The PV market in India is set to grow over proportional. Energy production from Photovoltaic is already the cheapest way to produce electricity and the prices will continue to decrease. Photovoltaics thus offers great opportunities for India to help solving the very strong growth in energy demand. However, this requires a good and technologically leading partner for the Indian solar market. We are convinced and strongly believe that we can be the technological partner. We want to be the partner of choice for the Indian PV Industry to establish market leadership and also want investors to better understand our technology and the benefits that high efficient cells bring for their return on investment. How does Heraeus currently view the opportunities in the Indian solar market? What is on the calendar for Heraeus in FY2017-18 and how do you plan to achieve it? First of all, our interest is to provide the Indian PV manufacturers with high efficiency functional materials. As they become competitive on an international level, we enable them to cover more and more of the Indian installation market. As our customers grow, we happily grow with them. In India, we are on the track to have more than 50% market share by the end of 2017. In 2018 and beyond, we plan to be proactive and aggressive to grow our market share even further. As the market evolves, we would announce other customer centric initiatives.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

Invest

nomics Indian Sun is Hot

oday, solar power is with coal, natural gas or other not merely a power fossil fuel. This day has arrived. demand catalyst According to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s another

rather this sector preaches report, solar and wind energy colossal economics in the are now at the same price, or world affairs. Clouds around even cheaper, than new fossil solar sector have dynamically energy installations in more revolved as murmurs of its than 30 countries. The choice t r a n s i e n t n a t u r e o f s o l a r of renewable energy is no power are eluded. Solar and longer just an environmentally wind projects in the country sustainable choice, but an would attract USD 20 billion opportunity for long-term investment each year from investment with a good return. next ďŹ scal until 2018-19, cited India ranks third among 40 state-owned Indian Renewable countries in EYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Renewable Energy Development Agency Energy Country Attractiveness (IREDA). According to the I n d e x , o n b a c k o f st r on g World Economic Forum, the focus by the government on future of renewable energies promoting renewable energy would really come when the and implementation of projects price of solar is competitive in a time bound manner.

INVESTONOMICS

Solar power - The Hotshot in Total Power Investment Scenario Around 293 global and domestic companies have committed to generate 266 GW of solar, wind, mini-hydel and biomass-based power in India over the next 5–10 years. The initiative would entail an investment of about US$ 310–350 billion. Between April 2000 and March 2017, the industry attracted US$ 11.59 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Some major investments and developments in the Indian power sector are as follows: • Greenko Energy Holdings, has raised US$ 155 million from its existing investors, Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) and Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund GIC, which will be utilised for expanding its clean energy portfolio to 3 gigawatts (GW) from 2 GW at present. • Private equity (PE) investment firm, Actis LLP, is planning to invest about US$ 500 million in Solenergi Power Pvt Ltd, its second renewable energy platform in India. • Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd is planning to invest in high-end electric powertrain technology in a move towards the future of mobility as well as for the electrification of its existing and future line-up of products. • Hero Future Energies Pvt Ltd is planning to foray into the battery storage business and set up solar charging stations for electric vehicles (EV) in India to capitalise on India's emerging EV market. • The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Punjab National Bank (PNB) have signed a financing loan worth US$ 100 million, which will be used to support solar rooftop projects on commercial and industrial buildings across India. • Tata Capital Ltd and International Finance Corporation (IFC) have invested Rs 200 crore (US$ 31.05 million) in their joint venture (JV), Tata Cleantech Capital Ltd (TCCL), to increase its loan book for investing in renewable energy projects. • CDC Group Plc, a development finance institution, plans to set up its own renewable

energy platform in the eastern states of India like Bihar, Odisha and Assam, and other neighbouring countries to focus on developing hundreds of megawatts (MWs) of high-quality greenfield generational capacity. • Japan’s JERA Co. Inc, has acquired a 10 per cent stake in ReNew Power Ventures Pvt. Ltd for US$ 200 million, valuing the company at US$ 2 billion before its proposed Initial Public Offer (IPO). • The Indian Railways is looking to award six tenders worth Rs 8000 crores (US$ 1.2 billion), for setting up of a country-wide electricity transmission network, as part of a strategy to reduce electricity bills. • Renewable energy company ReNew Power has announced securing US$ 390 million debt funding from its existing investor Asian Development Bank (ADB) for developing and expanding capacities of 709 megawatt (MW) across various states of India. • International Finance Corporation (IFC), along with IFC Global Infrastructure Fund, the private equity fund of IFC Asset Management Company, has announced investment of US$ 125 million equity in Hero Future Energies, which will help the ﬁrm set up 1 gigawatt (GW) of greenﬁeld solar and wind power plants over the next one year.

NEXTracker’s 30MW in SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2site l ISSUE 3 Nadu NEXTracker’s 30MW CleanMax CleanMax site in Tamil Tamil Nadu

Government Initiatives

• The Ministry of Power, Government of India, has taken various measures to achieve its aim of providing 24X7 affordable and environment friendly 'Power for All’ by 2019, which includes preparation of state speciﬁc action plans and and implementation of Green Energy Corridor for transmission of renewable energy, among other measures. • India has become an associate member of the International Energy Agency (IEA), which makes the Paris-based body more significant, indicating India's growing prominence in playing an important role in the global energy dialogue, according to the IEA. • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved the enhancement of capacity of the Scheme for Development of Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects from 20,000 megawatt (MW) to 40,000 MW, which will ensure setting up of at least 50 solar parks each with a capacity of 500 MW and above in various parts of the country. • The Union Cabinet, Government of India has given its ex-post facto approval for signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Renewable Energy between India and Portugal, which will help strengthen the bilateral cooperation between the two

INVESTONOMICS

countries.

the major deals reported in 2017 include

Bengal, depends on diesel-based power-

• The Ministry of New and Renewable

Macquarie’s $250-million investment in

generating units, which the solar project

Energy plans to introduce a fixed-cost

Hindustan Power projects, $200 million

seeks to replace. The 20 megawatt (MW)

component to the tariff for electricity gen-

by IDFC Alternatives in First Solar, $2500

solar-cum-storage plant is expected to be

erated from renewable energy sources

million by JERA in ReNew Wind Power, $108

commissioned by April 2019.

like solar or wind, in a bid to promote a

million by Warburg Pincus in CleanMax

Mahindra Susten, the renewable energy

green economy.

Enviro Energy, and $100 million by Abraaj

arm of the $19 billion Mahindra Group,

• The Union Cabinet has approved the

Group in Engie Abraaj joint venture (JV).

has quoted the lowest price to set up the

ratiﬁcation of International Solar Alliance's

A senior representative of a fund, which

project for NLC India at Rs289 crore ($43

(ISA) framework agreement by India, which

invests in renewable energy, said investors

million), a Mahindra Susten spokesperson

will provide India a platform to showcase its

were attracted by high growth prospects

told Quartz. The others in the race were

solar programmes, and put it in a leadership

and supportive policy framework. The main

solar companies such as Adani and Sterling

role in climate and renewable energy issues

challenge, he said, was payment delays

& Wilson, and energy storage companies

globally.

by power distribution ﬁrms, which were

like Exide, renewable energy consultancy

• The Ministry of New and Renewable

even seeking to renegotiate or cancel

Bridge to India (BTI) said in a note.

Energy plans to introduce a fixed-cost

projects. Then, per unit price in solar was

Before NLC India opened the auctions

component to the tariff for electricity gen-

also dropping, he added. Since 2010,

for this project in May this year, the Solar

erated from renewable energy sources

prices dropped 70 per cent to Rs 2.42 per

Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and

like solar or wind, in a bid to promote a

kilowatt-hour (kWh). “Investors are worried

India’s largest power utility NTPC conducted

green economy.

that irrational pricing is leading to many

four similar auctions for 35MW of projects

Private Equity Investment in Renewables

projects being abandoned or ﬁnancially

in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and the

2017

distressed,” he said. Investors’ focus is

Andaman & Nicobar Islands, but all were

The private equity (PE) ﬂows in the rene-

primarily on solar power generation and

scrapped due to high costs. India has

wable energy sector has ballooned in

funding large-scale solar parks.

been listed as the world’s second-best

2017. Though policy revamp and tabling

Investment and Projects of Storage will

market for renewable energy investment

In particular India, storage technology is still

Distributed Solar Market – U.S, India

new proposals and peaking trafﬁcs were

Back Solar Power

by consulting ﬁrm EY.

power jumped 47 per cent to $920 million

nascent and expensive. There’s been little

involving nine deals during January

progress in constructing utility-scale solar

Underlines Millions of Dollars

1-September 25 this year, compared to

power plants with energy-storage facilities

foreword in the industry. Some name it

$630 million across 10 deals during the

in India. Government-owned mining and

as “New and Bold”. Falling technology

corresponding period last year, according

coal-based energy producer NLC India

costs and government initiatives that have

to Venture Intelligence data. This is the

is building the country’s ﬁrst utility-scale

reduced the levelized cost of electricity to

second-best year in terms of PE ﬂows into

solar plant with a battery energy storage

make rooftop solar competitive is alluring

the sector after 2015, when it attracted

in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The

the investors. Being new companies, early

$979 million across 14 deals. Some of

remote region, located deep in the Bay of

stage funds for projects are the need of

bottlenecks, PE ﬂows into wind and solar

The distributed solar market is the next

INVESTONOMICS the hour to help them scale up, de-risk

billion in clean energy investment with as

auction in May — raised $108 million in

and become investment-ready. Lately,

little as $20 million in early-stage grants.

debt in the quarter. The total announced

the Indian and U.S. governments have

Announced a year ago, USICEF recently

debt ﬁnancing in the quarter across the

aligned in partnership with Indian Ministry

became operational. It selected its ﬁrst

globe was $2.1 billion in 18 deals. In FY17,

of New and Renewable Energy, the Indian

round of grant recipients, which in total will

Greenko Energy Holdings acquired 600 MW

Renewable Energy and Development

receive an estimated $900,000 in project

of Indian renewable energy assets from

Agency (IREDA), the Overseas Private

preparation support. USICEF is continuing

beleaguered SunEdison for $392 million.

Investment Corporation (OPIC), the William

to accept applications for support from

The company raised about $150 million from

and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Good

distributed solar power companies through

Abu Dhabi Investment Authority and $200

Energies Foundation, the John D. and

its website.

million from GIC Singapore in the previous

Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the

Last Quarter Funding of Indian Solar

quarter. Acme was the company with the

David and Lucile Packard Foundation,

Industry

largest renewable capacity addition of 225

Indian companies topped the chart included

MW in the quarter ended June.

Environmental Trust, a facility that leverages

venture capital funding, bond issuance and

the unique risk attributes of grant dollars

merger and acquisitions, Mercom Capital

The Future of Investment

to mobilize ﬁnance for early stage project

said in his latest report. Indian rooftop solar

markets across the globe. It has become

preparation for Indian distributed solar

developer CleanMax Solar raising $100

one of the attractive investment zones

power developers, called U.S.-India Clean

million was globally the largest venture

for solar markets. To be well said, today

Energy Finance (USICEF). Climate Policy

capital deal in the September quarter.

after China, India has taken the crown.

Initiative serves as the program manager.

CleanMax raised the capital from a unit

Bloomberg Energy New Finance(BENF)

USICEF will deploy millions of dollars in

of Warburg Pincus in July. Apart from

estimates that investments in renewable

early-stage project preparation support,

expanding its rooftop business outside

energy will reach $ 7.8 trillion by 2040

including market estimation, product deve-

India, the company also plans to foray into

(including $ 3.4 trillion for solar, $3.1 trillion

lopment and testing, and engineering and

the electricity storage. The total VC funding

for wind and $0.91 trillion for hydro). This

legal costs, which will help developers

for the solar sector in the quarter was $269

level of investment would be four times the

become ready enough to attract commercial

million, raised in 23 deals, Mercom noted.

$2.1 trillion that is expected to be invested

investment. USICEF’s support catalyzes

The top global debt deals in the sector were

in fossil fuels over the same period.

long-term debt ﬁnancing for distributed

by Indian solar project developers Greenko

solar power from OPIC, IREDA and other

Energy Holdings and Acme Cleantech

public sector ﬁnancial institutions, to in

Solutions. Greenko raised a total of $1

turn drive more investment from private

billion in two separate debt deals in the

sources. USICEF is based on the Africa

quarter. Acme Cleantech — a unit of the

Clean Energy Finance Facility, a similar

Acme Group which quoted the record

program that successfully leveraged $1

low tariff of Rs 2.44 a unit at Bhadla solar

and the Jeremy and Hannelore Grantham

India is on a spree to rout major solar

- Niloy@saurenergy.com

Insuring the Alternative Energy Industry When it comes to new and innovative ďŹ nancing models, growing number of large-scale solar PV power plants and reduction in the feed-in tariff has spurred the industry in recent years. With solar energy deployment setting new records in FY2016-17, the topic is more relevant than ever. Solar power generation has rapidly increased and helped thousands of Indians embrace clean energy technology. India's solar development is on the fast track. India is expected to be the third biggest PV market worldwide as its total utility scale solar capacity reached 16.2 GW by September and is expected to reach 20GW of installed solar capacity by the end of the present ďŹ nancial year (2017-18). India is coming off a period of exceptional growth of over 80% over last three years. The jump in solar development is driven by a dramatic drop in solar panel prices since last 2 years along with national and state incentive programs driving increased tax equity investments.

Despite the industry’s explosive growth in recent years, economic uncertainty and risks in developing, building, operating, owning and investing in solar projects remains daunting. If concerns remain unabated, they could have a chilling effect and prevent investors and bankers from fi nancing more projects. Risk and uncertainty are present throughout for each phase of the solar project lifecycle from construction to operation and its lifecycle to decommissioning. While, the investment in solar projects is high capital intensive process, the investors always look for different insurance options for their risk coverage. Insurance and specialized protection products are important tools in this effort. These coverages transfer or reduce the financial impact of equipment breakdowns, physical damage from natural perils, theft and liability exposures associated with owning and operating a solar system. The momentous development of the insurance and reinsurance markets in India could not have come at a better time. Through new financing products and capital investments, insurance companies are helping to transform the Indian economy

towards a more sustainable development. The growing demand for insurance in the solar market comes as owners and developers of solar energy projects are seeking to tap into new sources of ﬁnancing, including from institutional investors such as pension funds. To make investments in solar energy more attractive to these investors, projects must become less risky, all the way through from early stage construction to operation. New solar parks require large investments. Not only that, solar projects are asking investors to put their money into relatively new and sometimes less mature technologies. To reassure investors one really need sound risk management and a well structured insurance solution. Importance of Insuring Solar Power System The solar system is a power generating setup that is expected to last for a period of 25 years. During its lifetime it has to withstand the risks associated with inclement weather (hail, snow, and lightning), ﬁre, vandalism, theft etc. Adding an insurance cover will ensure safety of the solar project from these risks and protection from having to pay out of pocket for costly repairs. Yes! It is true that most solar products

NEXTracker’s 30MW CleanMax site in Tamil SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 Nadu

have warranties associated with it. But in a highly unpredictable industry, it gets mandatory to ensure that the system has a proper insurance package significantly offsets financial risks. Today’s insurance industry strongly emphasizes developing cost-effective hazard mitigation programs, increasing and retaining commercial and residential customers through better service, educating customers on their exposure and vulnerabilities to natural disasters, collaborating with government agencies and emergency management organiza-tions, and exploring the use of new technologies to reduce the financial impact of disasters. Insurance Options Available For the Solar Project • Machinery Breakdown – electrical and or mechanical breakdown of any machinery or other equipment resulting in costly repairs or even replacement of the solar panels • Business Interruption – cover for periods of operational downtime as a result of an Insured peril e.g. fire or storm damage, machinery breakdown and equipment failure. • Property Damage – all risks cover to protect from any loss arising out of fire, etc.

FEATURE

• Contract Works – protection against any loss arising from property damage caused during construction of the project. Cover starts while solar panels are in transit to the job site and ends once the job is completed or the owner accepts the work • Employers’ Liability – provides cover against risk of accident from usual workplace risks such as working at height and manual handling • Public Liability – provides cover for any damage caused to third party property during installation of the panels. Essential for businesses engaged in Construction and Installation of solar panels and solar farms • Marine Cover – Covers include Marine Transit for any loss of goods and Marine Delay in Start up to protect from any consequential loss in revenue Some of the companies have also started providing the generation insurance for the solar projects in order to cover the solar irradiation risk. Some carriers provide proactive risk assessments to identify and suggest ways to mitigate risk. For example, one of the biggest risks operators face is theft, given the highly valuable equipment and materials that make up solar parks. If a high risk of theft is identiﬁed as part of a proactive risk assessment, mitigation measures that can be taken to protect against theft may be recommended. Such preventive measures can include connecting panels to an alarm system, installing solar panel fasteners, or etching individual ID codes on panels so they are readily identiﬁable if stolen. It is advisable to connect with the right insurance advisors for the development of a risk management plan and the right insurance coverage in place should lessen the focus on the potential for loss and financial setback, allowing solar facilities to put their focus on the potential for sustainable growth and continued innovation. Different Types of PV Insurance Even though solar insurance products and standardized yet, demand for PV insurance is increasing. In general large PV systems require liability and property insurance, and many developers may opt to add policies

such as environmental risk insurance. 1. General Liability Insurance General liability Insurance covers policyholders for death or injury to persons or damage to property owned by third parties. General liability coverage is especially important for solar system installers, as risk is greatest during installation. 2. Property Risk Insurance The solar system owner usually purchases property insurance to protect against risks not covered by the warranty or to extend the coverage period. The property risk insurance often includes theft and catastrophic risks. 3. Environmental Risk Insurance Environmental damage coverage indemniﬁes solar system owners of the risk of either environmental damage done by their development or preexisting damage on the development site. 4. Business Interruption Insurance Business interruption insurance is often required to protect the cash ﬂow of the solar project. Realistic or not, often there are concerns about the warranties offered by solar panel manufacturers. What if there is a functional defect or performance problem due to technical faults in the PV system in 10 years, will the solar panel manufacturer be willing to help if the warranty is already outdated or even worse: will the manufacturer still be around to help? Regular solar panel guarantees are: • 5+ years product warranty • 10 years on 90% performance output • 25 years on 80% performance output

In case a solar system is under-performing or certain PV panels are defect, under the guarantee conditions, the manufacturer will support in the form of solar panel replacements or additional PV power. Operators should seek insurance solutions from providers with an established track record and deep industry expertise. It’s important to find solutions that offer a holistic approach to risk management and the flexibility to grow as the industry evolves. Some products are designed to meet the specific needs of solar park operators so that in the event of a loss, their profit margins are protected. For example, such insurance would cover the costs associated with a business interruption that impacts the ability to produce power. Over the past several years, insurance companies have emerged as major investors in solar assets. Active solar insurers include Royal Sundaram, Tata AIG, ICICI Lombard and others. Typical insurance premium is 0.05% of CAPEX (Book value after depreciation) p.a. and is payable till the project life. Insurers like these are working on how to structure and price these covers for this segment. This could also include provisions for insufficient sunlight. The solar power developers were concerned that existing insurance covers did not had any particular provisions for solar energy projects. Considering this, solar companies have sought niche covers for solar power plants and solar parks as well.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

The insurance for MW-scale solar power generation projects covers: • Fire & Allied Perils including Earthquake & STFI • Business Interruption (Loss in generation due to ﬁre & allied perils) • Burglary • Strike, Riot & Civil Commotion Moreover, General insurance companies are now seeing a demand for insurance policies for solar power projects. With an increase in the number of projects, insurers believe that there is a requirement for specialized policies. Specialized policies such as machinery breakdown, delay in start-up and business interruption insurance also are available. These provide additional coverage that can be critical throughout the construction and operation phases of a solar project, protecting developers, owners and investors alike. Contractor insurance ﬁlls in the gaps in traditional liability insurance. It provides coverage for negligence or errors related to the engineering, design and/or installation or poor workmanship project installation that could lead to a loss in energy production. Equipment breakdown provides coverage for electrical or equipment that is used in the generation, transmission or utilization of energy resulting mechanical or electrical failure. As its name implies, delay in startup coverage protects against the loss of anticipated earnings due to project delays caused by natural perils or equipment

failure. Business interruption insurance adds another layer of important protection, replacing business income in the event that there is project disruption due to natural peril or equipment breakdown. India’s Insurance Market India’s total insurance market size is projected to reach USD 350–400 billion by 2020. Its non-life insurance market has more than tripled in a ten-year period, growing from USD 3.4 billion in 2004 to USD 13.55 billi0n in 2015. The industry has targeted 18% growth in 2016 for premiums collected, aiming to reach USD 16 bn. Since 2007, the market has become increasingly competitive as the public sector’s share in business overall has steadily declined from 64.4% to 52.4% in 2015.1 Despite this, 4 public sector companies still collect 50% of premiums. Insurers in India currently provide operational and project insurance for renewable energy projects. However, there is appetite for insurance product developments to address the risks associated with energy performance, project quality, uncertainty of the costs, and exposure to natural catastrophes. Longer-term guarantees and quality assurance products reduce uncertainty and create more attractive terms of investment to improve project viability. For example, Allianz, a major global insurer and investor in renewable energy, has developed a comprehensive project risk assessment and certiﬁcation quality standard for

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

PV power plants during the construction and operational phase. The product improves the bankability and insurability of quality assured projects Munich Re, which currently holds a 26% stake in Indian non-life insurer HDFC Ergo, has developed new coverage solutions for manufacturers and operators of photovoltaic projects and solar thermal power plants. The warranty is supplemented with an insurance policy that pays out compensation upon a guarantee trigger, such as a manufacturer becoming insolvent or ﬂuctuations in solar irradiation. Since 2010, Munich Re has insured over 55 solar module manufacturers and projects using this product. India is an interesting and inspiring example. It is difficult not be dazzled by India's renewable energy ambition. Still, India will need to step up the pace and to attain its ambitious 100GW target; it needs to have access to affordable finance and reliable risk management schemes. Well, not just the for solar parks, it should also be imperative to focus on health of state electricity distribution companies and other technological challenges related to solar generation- be it grid stability or storage, these too should be at the top of the list. - Laique@saurenergy.com

Espy 2017 of Solar Sector

the controversy, challenge seem to be a submerged destiny. Apparently, the mammoth 100GW target today is equivocal with many such sayings and pragmatic dialogues. To understand graph and venture of solar power in the country, one must differentiate between the installed grid capacity and the capacity utilisation factor (CUF). The installed capacity is the maximum output that can be extracted The substratum of achieving

from a plant. The CUF, as it is

massive solar power goals

commonly called, is the real

is developing a new cult

output of the plant as com-

for India. Not just the arid

pared to the plantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the-

but the meadows are eq-

oretical maximum output.

ually sharing rich and low

CUF is the measure of how

vegetative lands to meet

well a plant can be util-

the power demand of this

ised. It is presented as a per-

growing economy. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well

centage of the installed cap-

said that when you change

acity of a plant.

INSIGHTS

The Beginning – A Time Travel

According to data released by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in May 2013, India’s CUF of solar photovoltaic is anywhere between 11-31%. In the draft national electricity plan released by the central electricity authority in December 2016, the CUF of a solar power plant is stated to be around 20%. The major problem with such a low CUF is highlighted when one realises that all data released by the government gives targets on the basis of installed capacity. These targets look ambitious at first glance. However, any real shift to renewable energy as expected by the citizens is unlikely. As per data released by the MNRE, cumulative capacity of solar is 6.7 GW for the year ended March 31, 2016. This will, in effect, generate power worth only a fifth of such a capacity as opposed to if it were to be installed in other modes of generation. The measurement of solar power in terms of GW of installed capacity is, therefore, fictitious. These should be rightfully measured by their effective producible output, and that would reveal India’s capacity to be a very low figure. ‘Singh’ On ‘Quotes’ of Reformation

Union Power and Renewable Energy Minister R K Singh said India’s energy needs will double in the next 6-7 years at the present rate of growth of the economy. The country will require USD 100 billion investment to achieve the target of 175 GW reneweable energy by 2022, as per the government estimates. “Our per capita consumption of energy is about one 6th of Europe and one 12th of USA. Energy consumption is not going to double or triple but it will be over four times. That is how the rate of growth of energy consumption will be in India,” Singh said while addressing a press conference on the 2nd edition of the Global Renewable Energy (RE) Investors Meet and Expo (RE-INVEST 2017). • Bidding on the Recent Bids

Singh said, “I dont see any big opportunity

as big as it is there. It also makes economic

and other guests during the event, Singh

sense. Solar bids yielded tariff of 3.5 or 4

said the NISE should aim to establish

cents per unit (Rs 2.44)”. The minister said

itself as the world's leading institute in

the prices of equipment would further come

solar energy through its world-class R&D,

down with expansion of manufacturing

testing and certiﬁcation and training and

of solar cells and modules as the world

emerge as a centre of excellence. The NISE,

expands to use of solar energy. He was of

Singh suggested, should strive further and

the view that fossil fuels will left behind not

set up regional centres for research and

because those are bad for the world, but

development in solar energy. "There is no

because it also makes sense economically

dearth of funds for R&D activities," Singh

to go in for solar or renewables. He said,

said while complimenting the scientists on

”This is matter of worry for those who

the number of innovative prototype projects

produce coal or oil. But, this (movement to shift to renewable) cannot be stopped because it makes economic sense”. The efficiency of solar panels has already increased to 30 per cent and price will come down due increase in usage, the minister said. • Swift Action Long-Term Innovations

Power Minster R K Singh called upon the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) to work with farm and dairy wings of the Centre and states to develop demonstrative projects in solar technologies. "The minister urged the NISE to work with central and state agriculture ministries, along with the National Dairy Development Board, to take up demonstration projects of solar technologies developed at the NISE." According to the statement, the minister was particularly impressed with the solar-powered RO water dispensing ATM and the milk chilling unit. Addressing scientists, research staff

NEXTracker’s 30MW in SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2site l ISSUE 3 Nadu NEXTracker’s 30MW CleanMax CleanMax site in Tamil Tamil Nadu

INSIGHTS

developed at the NISE. According to the

on upcoming time with the states.”

the next session of the Parliament.

minister, the NISE should work quickly and

The legal route planned for power sector

“We are going to make certain that the

patent some of the products and encourage

reforms includes enforcement of signed

payments of bills are on time by going

scientists to work out strategies for public-

power purchase agreements (PPAs), ma-

for smart metering and prepaid metering.

private collaborations to reach end-users.

king it mandatory for a discom to have

And we are also going to push for where-

• Power is Not Free

PPAs to cover 100% of the annual ave-

ver feasible, privatisation. We are going

There is no such thing as free electricity.

rage demand, penalties in the event of

to separate carriage and content. That is

You want electricity, you have to pay for

electricity generators’ dues not being

again something, which is going to happen,”

it. You want to subsidise the farmer? Fine,

cleared in time and statutory renewable

Singh said.

subsidise the farmer. So instead of farmer,

purchase obligations. This comes at a

you have to pay. And that is something

time when states are reneging on their

India, China Arch for Make in India

which I have been pressing and that’s a

off-take commitments for projects. Also,

than Indian counterparts. The country

major requirement,” R.K. Singh afﬁrmed

Chinese solar modules are 8-10% cheaper

with states unwilling to buy electricity, no

imported about $3.2 billion worth of solar

at the Assocham 3rd Global Investors’

new PPAs are being inked, contributing to

photovoltaic cells in FY17, which was 36%

India Forum 2017.

the uncertain outlook for the Indian power

more than FY16. Of this, 88% and 7%

The government’s policy think-tank NITI

sector. The other radical changes are to

were imported from China and Malaysia,

Aayog has also pitched for DBT in the

separate the so-called carriage and content

respectively. The share of Chinese imports

electricity sector in its draft national energy

operations of existing discoms, which was

has doubled in ﬁve years. About 88% of

policy.

earlier proposed by the United Progressive

all module requirement in India is met

Singh shared concern, “If we won’t do that,

Alliance government. The separation will

through imports (84% from China). Solar

if we don’t recover the price of electricity

allow consumers in India to buy electricity

cells are the basic ingredient used in the

we distribute, then five years down the

from a power company of their choice. “We

manufacturing of solar modules.

line, discoms will be dead again. So that is

are going to change the law,” Singh said.

something which is occupying us and I tend

These steps will require amendments in

Now if it worries the Indian manufacturers

to carry the states along with this. So, that

the Electricity Act of 2003. The government

is again something that I will be discussing

plans to move the legislative changes in

then latest news of Energy Efficiency Services Limited recently acquired 300 megawatts of modules for multiple uses.

INSIGHTS

The order has come at a time when Indian manufacturers await a decision by the government to levy anti-dumping duties on Chinese modules. According to media reports, four Indian companies agreed to supply a total of 300 megawatts of solar modules to the Energy Efﬁciency Services Limited (EESL) for use at rooftop solar power systems and to power rural sub-stations for agricultural purposes. The modules will be used for setting up rooftop solar power systems at government buildings owned by the New Delhi Municipal Corporation in India’s capital city. The municipal body has identiﬁed several buildings which it plans to cover with rooftop solar power systems

to rise or even stay flat for a couple of

credit against supply of solar goods which

aggregating to 20 megawatts capacity.

quarters, it will start hurting developers, who

will improve cash ﬂows and EBITDA. GST

India has the fastest growing energy dem-

cannot wait indeﬁnitely to procure the lowest

will also minimize hassles for the vendors

and, increasing at an annual average of 3

priced panel. The price drop was steeper

like abolition of ‘C’ FORM, ‘F’ form and

percent from now to 2035, by which time

than expected in Q2 2017, even though

CST which added to project costs. The

the country's population will outpace even

high Chinese demand generally ﬁrmed up

decision is also expected to boost inter-state

China's. Renewables will surge from 22

module prices in June before feed-in tariff

trade directly with customers. Reduction

percent to 54 percent of total installed

deadline at the end of the month. Among the

in multiple tax compliances – state as

capacity, while oil consumption rises 80

driving factors are a 19 per cent increase

well as central — can be co-related with

percent.

in polysilicon prices since June and also

corresponding reduction in administrative

After falling by nearly 5 per cent in the

that of wafers, though it has started to

costs. It will also lead to reduction in ware-

second quarter of 2017, for the ﬁrst time

ﬂatten out over the last couple of weeks.

house costs. For the economy as a whole,

in years, the average selling price (ASP)

A major producer reduced its polysilicon

GST will lead to abolition of trade barriers

of Chinese modules is increasing quarter-

and wafer production signiﬁcantly due to

across state and which would enable the

over-quarter in India, rising by almost 12

technical and maintenance issues resulting

growth of common market.

per cent as of August 2017 compared to Q2

in some wafer shortages, pushing wafer

2017. By comparison, module ASPs have

prices higher, the report said.

dropped by 12 per cent from Q2 2016 to

2018 Can See Early Jitter

Q3 2016, according to a report.

2017 was conﬁdent enough to put good

Developers in India and overseas have been

numbers in board to evict the speculated

modelling their auction bidding strategies

ﬁgures of solar. But 2018 is likely to give

based on the assumed perpetual decline

early jitter due to early confusing proposition

of Chinese module prices. It has worked

of goods and services tax (GST) on solar

for a majority of the time, and developers

products, according a report. Initially,

have become too ‘comfortable’ with this

the government had maintained that all

strategy resulting in aggressive bidding

solar components would invite 5% GST,

in India, which has reached new heights

as reported by ET in its July 4 edition.

with government agencies cheering the low

Later, however, it clariﬁed that only solar

bids as an incredible achievement, it said.

modules would be taxed at 5%; the other

Short-term swing is sought not to make ma-

components would face 18% or 28%. Pos-

jor difference, but, if module prices continue

itive impact of GST is availability of input

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

- Niloy@saurenergy.com

ndiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brainchild, the International Solar

would be able to secure 15 ratifications

Alliance celebrates its inception this

ahead of December. Around 40 countries

November. The alliance consisting of

till date have signed the ISA Framework

more than 121 solar-rich countries that

Agreement, of which Mauritius, Republic

joined hands to address the energy needs,

of Nauru, Bangladesh, Fiji, France, Ghana,

looks ahead to become a legal entity on

Republic of India, Mali, Niger, Seychelles,

9thDecember 2017, during French President

Somalia, South Sudan and Tuvalu have signed

Emmanuel Macron's three-day visit to India.

and ratified the ISA Framework Agreement as

An Indian initiative to forge a global coalition

on date. Each member country would need

to harness solar energy, International Solar

to take into account its current infrastructure,

Alliance was launched at the CoP21 Climate

natural resources and the stage of its socio-

Conference by Prime Minister Narendra Modi

economic development to move forward

and the then French President Francois Holl-

towards a low carbon economy.

ande in Paris on 30th November, 2015. The

The inception of ISA sent a strong signal to

ISA Framework Agreement was opened for

the global communities about the sincerity of

signature during the CoP22 at Marrakesh on

the developing nations towards their concern

15th November, 2016. The alliance graciously

about climate change and to switch to a

invited all the countries that are located

low-carbon growth path. The coalition has

completely or partly between the Tropic of

been formed to focus on solar power utilization

Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, to come

and it is possible totally co-operation from the

forward and work for efficient exploitation of

participating nations. India pledged a target

solar power to reduce dependence on fossil

of installing 100GW by 2022 and reduction

fuels and endorse clean, sustainable and

in emission intensity by 33â&#x20AC;&#x201C;35% by 2030 to let

environmental-friendly climate approach.

solar energy reach to the most unconnected

The ISA agreement opened for signature in

villages and communities and also towards

November 2016. While it requires ratification

creating a clean planet. At the Paris summit,

by 15 countries to enter into force, it has only

India pledged to bring 40 percent of its ele-

secured 9 ratification and 39 signatures, so

ctricity generation capacity from non-fossil

far. However, French minister Brune Poirson

sources (renewable, large hydro, and nuclear)

has expressed confidence that the alliance

by 2030.

FOLLOW-UP Fighting Together United by objective to significantly augment solar power generation in their countries, the participant nations intend making joint efforts through innovative policies, projects, programmes, capacity building measures and financial instruments to mobilize more than 1000 Billion US Dollars of investments that are needed by 2030 towards promoting solar power on all fronts, generation and storage. The alliance means not just cooperation on the technology front but also much-needed finances for solar projects. India can derive dual benefits from ISA: it could boost its image as a global climate leader, while also enabling it to reap benefits out of global investments in solar technology. If India can leverage the backing of about 15 ratified nations by December 2017 and 121 countries overall at the later state, the ISA has the potential to emerge as a powerful negotiating coalition at the global climate change negotiations. The larger aim is to mobilize over $ 1000 billion by 2030 towards promoting solar power on all fronts, generation and storage. With the deployment solar revolution on the rise and the sharp drop in the costs of production of electricity through solar cells, the costs have come down by 80%85% over the last 4 years, due to a rapidly growing demand. This has made more countries to sign up during the remaining

days of the conference, and also later. The signing has also seen ratifications by the signatory countries as well. Working Plan of ISA • The ISA is an effort to ensure that as these countries increase their electricity production, they should predominantly use solar energy and avoid fossil fuels. • It seeks to boost global demand, which will result in further reduction in the prices of solar energy deployment. • It seeks to boost research and development, particularly in areas of efficient storage systems. • The ISA aims to develop cost-efficient solar technologies and applications. • It seeks to promote standardization in the use of equipment and processes for generating electricity. Standardization will make the manufacturing of equipment and other hardware cheaper. Finances and Funds Raising a large amount of money, like 1000 Billion US Dollars is going to be diffi cult given that developed countries have historically been stingy in funding renewable energy projects in developing countries. But in the light of this, the ISA has over the last year received solid support from a large number of countries, including those that are not exactly tropical countries. United States has repeatedly expressed its desire to join the Alliance and France

NEXTracker’s 30MW CleanMax site in Tamil SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 Nadu

actually did so on November, 2016. The European Investment Bank (EIB) has agreed on a new partnership with the International Solar Alliance to mobilize ﬁnance to develop and deploy affordable solar energy in solar rich countries. The EIB also confirmed plans to provide a record 800 million Euros for renewable energy investment across India. The Joint Declaration was formally exchanged by Andrew McDowell, EIB Vice President and PM Narendra Modi at the 14th India – European Union summit. The organization will work with the International Solar Alliance to mobilize ﬁnancing for development and deployment of affordable solar energy in ISA member countries. Also, during the sidelines of the African Development Bank's annual meeting held in Gandhinagar in May 2017, three countries; Republic of Cote d’ivoire, Somalia and Ghana signed up for the International Solar Alliance. This step has prompted the Government of India, through its External Affairs Ministry, to set aside the US$2billion for solar projects in Africa out of its US$10billion concessional Line of Credit for the continent. The French Development Agency pledged 300 million Euros to fund initial projects. India on its part through the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) and Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) is contributing $1 million to the ISA fund.

FOLLOW-UP Aligned to this, in its endeavor to support the mammoth renewable energy targets of the Indian Government, YES BANK, fifth largest private sector bank in India, has proactively committed to target mobilizing USD 5 billion towards climate action in India by 2020, including funding 5000 MW of clean energy. With one of the largest renewable energy portfolio in the country, the bank has facilitated financing towards generation of 1311 MW in FY 2015-16, out of which solar projects constituted a significant 74%. Moreover, the ISA is also looking forward to launch an insurance mechanism aimed at lowering the risks associated for solar power in December. Upendra Tripathy, Interim Director General of ISA sees a good opportunity to bring insurance for risks and to bring down the cost of capital within ISA, though the proposal is still in the works. Advocating the successful ISA ratifications, experts believe that India can get better opportunities for innovation, financing and by improving on its industrial infrastructure, it will be able to control the solar component prices, thus, saving Forex outflow and rationalizing solar tariff. Activities and Proceedings Multilateral bodies like IRENA, REEEP, IEA, REN21, UN bodies; bilateral organizations; corporates, industry, and other stakeholders will be encouraged to contribute towards the goal of increasing utilization of solar energy in ISA member countries. To achieve the goals and objectives subject to mutual deliberations, following action points have been identified as short term priorities. Following are to be taken up by ISA:• Assisting member countries in drafting solar policies. • E-Portal to offer 24/7 real time suggestions for solar projects. • Creation of expert groups for development of common standards, test, monitoring and verification protocols. • Work with ISA member countries to strive for universal access to solar lighting. • Preparation of Detailed Project Reports and sharing of best-practices and successful case studies.

• Exchange best practices and work with member countries in designing ﬁnancing instruments to mitigate risk and catalyse partnerships to boost investment. • Share perspectives on developing electricity systems. • Development of standards, speciﬁcations and test protocols for solar energy systems. • Generate and diffuse key learning on new technologies. • Encourage collaboration in solar resource mapping in member countries and in deployment of suitable technologies. • Facilitate preparation of plans for solar energy development and deployment; • Encourage industry cooperation among ISA member countries. • Forge cooperative linkages on development of Centre of Excellence for R&D in ISA member countries. •Designing training programs for students/ engineers/ policy makers, etc. and organizing workshops, focused meetings and conferences. The historic launch of International Solar Alliance has created a new global landscape for galvanizing ‘collective action’ towards greater solar energy adoption. A powerful coalition like the ISA, has presented a unique opportunity to accelerate

momentum within countries, businesses and ﬁnancial institutions to champion innovative pathways, reshape global action and invest in green technologies and solutions to scale up climate revolution. Prime Minister of India visualizes ISA as a potent tool for mutual cooperation among the member countries for mutual gains through enhanced solar energy utilization. IRENA has stated that ISA can provide a unique focus in supporting global efforts to increase the uptake of renewable energy through promotion of applications to reduce poverty and the facilitation of energy access as well as through the development of solar policies. ISA has been instrumental in providing enhanced understanding of the role that solar energy could play in providing energy services, particularly for the rural poor in countries with great solar resource endowments, but who are currently lacking the means to tap this potential energy source and convert it into an opportunity for rural transformation. More importantly it will act as a voice for raising common issues for development and deployment of solar energy at international fora. - Laique@saurenergy.com

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

Saur Energy International is committed to strengthen Solar Energy Market in India with more informed, engaged industry and consumers through expanded journalism. As an Independent Solar Energy media house Saur Energy International understand its role in making India a truly green energy producer and how this can transform life for our future generations. Saur Energy International print and online platform is created for factual reporting, authentic stories, and diverse voices that will help create an informed and robust solar energy industry.

To read free scan above code magazine.saurenergy.com

"WE

MAKE SENSE"

INNOVATIONS

Air-breathing Battery Could Cut Costs of Renewable Energy Storage Solar power and wind are increasingly popular sources for renewable energy. But intermittency issues keep them from connecting widely to the U.S. grid: They require energy-storage systems that, at the cheapest, run about $100 per kilowatt hour and function only in certain locations. Now MIT researchers have developed an "air-breathing" battery that could store electricity for very long durations for about one-fifth the cost of current technologies, with minimal location restraints and zero emissions. The battery could be used to make sporadic renewable power a more reliable source of electricity for the grid. For its anode, the rechargeable flow battery uses cheap, abundant sulfur dissolved in water. An aerated liquid salt solution in the cathode continuously takes in and releases oxygen that balances charge as ions shuttle between the electrodes. Oxygen flowing into the cathode causes the anode to discharge electrons to an external circuit. Oxygen flowing out sends electrons back to the anode, recharging the battery. "This battery literally inhales and exhales air, but it doesn't exhale carbon dioxide, like humans - it exhales oxygen," says Yet-Ming Chiang, the Kyocera Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT and co-author of a paper describing the battery. The research appears today in the journal Joule. The battery's total chemical cost - the combined price of the cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials - is about 1/30th the cost of competing batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries. Scaled-up systems could be used to store electricity from wind or solar power, for multiple days to entire seasons, for about $20 to $30 per kilowatt hour. Co-authors with Chiang on the paper are: first author Zheng Li, who was a postdoc at MIT during the research and is now a professor at Virginia Tech; Fikile R. Brushett, the Raymond A. and Helen E. St. Laurent Career Development Professor of Chemical Engineering; research scientist Liang Su; graduate students Menghsuan Pan and Kai Xiang; and undergraduate

students Andres Badel, Joseph M. Valle, and Stephanie L. Eiler. Finding the Right Balance Development of the battery began in 2012, when Chiang joined the Department of Energy's Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, a five-year project that brought together about 180 researchers to collaborate on energy-saving technologies. Chiang, for his part, focused on developing an efficient battery that could reduce the cost of grid-scale energy storage. A major issue with batteries over the past several decades, Chiang says, has been a focus on synthesizing materials that offer greater energy density but are very expensive. The most widely used materials in lithium-ion batteries for cellphones, for instance, have a cost of about $100 for each kilowatt hour of energy stored. "This meant maybe we weren't focusing on the right thing, with an ever-increasing chemical cost in pursuit of high energy-density," Chiang says. He brought the issue to other MIT researchers. "We said, 'If we want energy storage at the terawatt scale, we have to use truly abundant materials.'" The researchers first decided the anode needed to be sulfur, a widely available by-product of natural gas and petroleum refining that's very energy dense, having the lowest cost per stored charge next to water and air. The challenge then was finding an inexpensive liquid cathode material that remained stable while producing a meaningful charge. That seemed improbable - until a serendipitous discovery in the lab. On a short list of candidates was a compound called potassium permanganate. If used as a cathode material, that compound is "reduced" - a reaction that draws ions from the anode to the cathode, discharging electricity. However, the reduction of the permanganate is normally impossible to reverse, meaning the battery wouldn't be rechargeable. Still, Li tried. As expected, the reversal failed. However, the battery was, in fact, recharging, due to an unexpected oxygen reaction in the cathode, which was running entirely on air. "I said, 'Wait, you figured out a rechargeable

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

chemistry using sulfur that does not require a cathode compound?' That was the ah-ha moment," Chiang says. Using that concept, the team of researchers created a type of flow battery, where electrolytes are continuously pumped through electrodes and travel through a reaction cell to create charge or discharge. The battery consists of a liquid anode (anolyte) of polysulfide that contains lithium or sodium ions, and a liquid cathode (catholyte) that consists of an oxygenated dissolved salt, separated by a membrane. Upon discharging, the anolyte releases electrons into an external circuit and the lithium or sodium ions travel to the cathode. At the same time, to maintain electroneutrality, the catholyte draws in oxygen, creating negatively charged hydroxide ions. When charging, the process is simply reversed. Oxygen is expelled from the catholyte, increasing hydrogen ions, which donate electrons back to the anolyte through the external circuit. "What this does is create a charge balance by taking oxygen in and out of the system," Chiang says. Because the battery uses ultra-low-cost materials, its chemical cost is one of the lowest - if not the lowest - of any rechargeable battery to enable cost-effective long-duration discharge. Its energy density is slightly lower than today's lithium-ion batteries. Making Renewables More Reliable The prototype is currently about the size of a coffee cup. But flow batteries are highly scalable, Chiang says, and cells can be combined into larger systems. Chiang says this could be the first technology to compete, in cost and energy density, with pumped hydroelectric storage systems, which provide most of the energy storage for renewables around the world but are very restricted by location. "The energy density of a flow battery like this is more than 500 times higher than pumped hydroelectric storage. It's also so much more compact, so that you can imagine putting it anywhere you have renewable generation," Chiang says.

INNOVATIONS

New Nanomaterial Can Create Hydrogen Fuel from Seawater

In a breakthrough, scientists have deve-

real water, not just puriﬁed water in a lab.

near-infrared light wavelengths, making

loped a new nanomaterial that uses

This really works well in seawater," said

it at least twice as efficient as current

solar energy to generate hydrogen from

Yang Yang, assistant professor at UCF.

photocatalysts.

seawater, producing the low cost and

Yang developed a method of fabricating

"We can absorb much more solar energy

clean-burning fuel more efﬁciently than

a photocatalyst composed of a hybrid

from the light than the conventional mat-

existing materials.

material. Tiny nanocavities were chemically

erial," Yang said.

The advance may lead to a new source of

etched onto the surface of an ultrathin

In many situations, producing a chemical

hydrogen fuel, ease demand for fossil fuels

ﬁlm of titanium dioxide, the most common

fuel from solar energy is a better solution

and boost the economy of countries where

photocatalyst.

than producing electricity from solar panels,

sunshine and seawater are abundant.

Those nanocavity indentations were coated

he said.

It is possible to produce hydrogen to

with nanoﬂakes of molybdenum disulﬁde, a

That electricity must be used or stored in

power fuel cells by extracting the gas from

two-dimensional material with the thickness

batteries, which degrade, while hydrogen

seawater, but the electricity required to do

of a single atom.

gas is easily stored and transported.

it makes the process costly.

Typical catalysts are able to convert only

Fabricating the catalyst is relatively easy

Researchers from University of Central

a limited bandwidth of light to energy. With

and inexpensive. Researchers are now

Florida in the US developed a new catalyst

its new material, Yang's team is able to

trying to find the best way to scale up

that is able to not only harvest a much

signiﬁcantly boost the bandwidth of light

the fabrication, and further improve its

broader spectrum of light than other mate-

that can be harvested.

performance so that it is possible to split

rials, but also stand up to the harsh con-

By controlling the density of sulphur vac-

hydrogen from wastewater.

ditions found in seawater.

ancy within the nanoﬂakes, they can pro-

"We've opened a new window to splitting

duce energy from ultraviolet-visible to

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

INNOVATIONS

Newly Discovered Semiconductor Dynamics May Help Improve Energy Efficiency Researchers examining the flow of electricity through semiconductors have uncovered another reason these materials seem to lose their ability to carry a charge as they become more densely "doped." Their results, which may help engineers design faster semiconductors in the future, are published online in the journal ACS Nano. Semiconductors are found in just about every piece of modern electronics, from computers to televisions to your cell phone. They fall somewhere between metals, which conduct electricity very well, and insulators like glass that don't conduct electricity at all. This moderate conduction property is what allows semiconductors to perform as switches and transistors in electronics. The most common material for semi-conductors is silicon, which is mined from the earth and then refined and purified. But pure silicon doesn't conduct electricity, so the material is purposely and precisely adulterated by the addition of other substances known as dopants. Boron and phosphorus ions are common dopants added to silicon-based semiconductors that allow them to conduct electricity. But the amount of dopant added to a semiconductor matters - too little dopant and the semiconductor won't be able to conduct electricity. Too much dopant and the semiconductor become more like a non-conductive insulator. "There's a sweet spot when it comes to doping where the right amount allows for the efficient conduction of electricity, but after a certain point, adding more dopants slows down the flow," says Preston Snee, associate professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago and corresponding author on the paper.

"For a long time scientists thought that the

which showed what was happening at

reason efﬁcient conduction of electricity

the atomic level in real time as electrons

dropped off with the addition of more

ﬂowed through the doped semiconductors.

dopants was because these dopants

They found that when electrons were

caused the ﬂowing electrons to be deﬂ-

ﬂowing through, the copper ions transiently

ected away, but we found that there's also

formed bonds with the cadmium sulfate

another way too many dopants impede

semiconductor base, which is detrimental

the ﬂow of electricity."

to conduction.

Snee, UIC chemistry student Asra Hassan,

"This has never been seen before," said

and their colleagues wanted to get a closer

Hassan. "Electrons are still bouncing off

look at what happens when electricity ﬂows

dopants, which we knew already, but

through a semiconductor.

we now know of this other process that

Using the Advanced Photon Source Arg-

contributes to impeding ﬂow of electricity

onne National Laboratory, they were able

in over-doped semiconductors."

to capture X-ray images of what happens

The bonding of the dopant ions to the

at the atomic level inside a semiconductor.

semiconductor base material "causes

They used tiny chips of cadmium sulﬁde

the current to get stuck at the dopants,

for their semiconductor "base" and do-

which we don't want in our electronics,

ped them with copper ions. Instead of

especially if we want them to be fast and

wiring the tiny chips for electricity, they

efﬁcient," she said.

generated a ﬂow of electrons through the

"However, now that we know this is hap-

semiconductors by shooting them with a

pening inside the material, we can design

powerful blue laser beam.

smarter systems that minimize this effect,

At the same time, they took very high

which we call 'charge carrier modulation

energy X-ray photos of the semiconductors

of dopant bonding'."

at millionths of a microsecond apart -

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

INNOVATIONS

Prototype Shows How Tiny Photodetectors Can Double Their Efficiency Physicists at the University of California,

another electron, doubling its efﬁciency.

generated also by increasing the temperature

Riverside have developed a photodetector -

Understanding such processes, together

of the device. "We saw a doubling of ele-

a device that senses light - by combining two

with improved designs that push beyond

ctrons in our device at 340 degrees Kelvin

distinct inorganic materials and producing

the theoretical efﬁciency limits, will have a

(150 F), which is slightly above room tem-

quantum mechanical processes that

broad signiﬁcance with regard to designing

perature," she said. "Few materials show this

could revolutionize the way solar energy

new ultra-efﬁcient photovoltaic devices." "The

phenomenon around room temperature. As

is collected. Photodetectors are almost

electron in WSe2 that is initially energized

we increase this temperature, we should see

ubiquitous, found in cameras, cell phones,

by the photon has an energy that is low

more than a doubling of electrons."

remote controls, solar cells, and even the

with respect to WSe2," said Fatemeh Barati,

Electron multiplication in conventional pho-

panels of space shuttles. Measuring just

a graduate student in Gabor's Quantum

tocell devices typically requires applied

microns across, these tiny devices convert

Materials Optoelectronics lab and the co-

voltages of 10-100 volts. To observe the

light into electrons, whose subsequent

ﬁrst author of the research paper. "With the

doubling of electrons, the researchers used

movement generates an electronic signal.

application of a small electric ﬁeld, it transfers

only 1.2 volts, the typical voltage supplied by

Increasing the efﬁciency of light-to-electricity

to MoSe2, where its energy, with respect to

an AA battery. "Such low voltage operation,

conversion has been one of the primary

this new material, is high. Meaning, it can

and therefore low power consumption,

aims in photodetector construction since

now lose energy. This energy is dissipated as

may herald a revolutionary direction in

their invention. Lab researchers stacked two

kinetic energy that dislodges the additional

photodetector and solar cell material design,"

atomic layers of tungsten diselenide (WSe2)

electron from WSe2."

Grossnickle said.

on a single atomic layer of molybdenum

In existing solar panels models, one photon

He explained that the efﬁciency of a photo-

diselenide (MoSe2). Such stacking results

can at most generate one electron. In the

voltaic device is governed by a simple

in properties vastly different from those of

prototype the researchers developed,

competition: light energy is either converted

the parent layers, allowing for customized

one photon can generate two electrons or

into waste heat or useful electronic power.

electronic engineering at the tiniest possible

more through a process called electron

"Ultrathin materials may tip the balance in

scale. Within atoms, electrons live in states

multiplication. The researchers explained

this competition by simultaneously limiting

that determine their energy level. When

that in ultrasmall materials, electrons behave

heat generation, while increasing electronic

electrons move from one state to another,

like waves. Though it is unintuitive at

power," he said.

they either acquire or lose energy. Above

large scales, the process of generating

Gabor explained that the quantum mech-

a certain energy level, electrons can move

two electrons from one photon is perfectly

anical phenomenon his team observed in

freely. An electron moving into a lower

allowable at extremely small length scales.

their device is similar to what occurs when

energy state can transfer enough energy to

When a material, such as WSe2 or MoSe2,

cosmic rays, coming into contact with the

knock loose another electron. UC Riverside

gets thinned down to dimensions nearing

Earth's atmosphere with high kinetic energy,

physicists observed that when a photon

the electron's wavelength, the material's

produce an array of new particles.

strikes the WSe2 layer, it knocks loose

properties begin to change in inexplicable,

He speculated that the team's findings

an electron, freeing it to conduct through

unpredictable, and mysterious ways.

could ﬁnd applications in unforeseen ways.

the WSe2. At the junction between WSe2

"It's like a wave stuck between walls closing

"These materials, being only an atom

and MoSe2, the electron drops down into

in," Gabor said. "Quantum mechanically, this

thick, are nearly transparent," he said. "It's

MoSe2. The energy given off then catapults

changes all the scales. The combination of

conceivable that one day we might see

a second electron from the WSe2 into the

two different ultra small materials gives rise

them included in paint or in solar cells

MoSe2, where both electrons become free

to an entirely new multiplication process. Two

incorporated into windows. Because these

to move and generate electricity. "We are

plus two equals ﬁve." "Ideally, in a solar cell

materials are ﬂexible, we can envision their

seeing a new phenomenon occurring," said

we would want light coming in to turn into

application in wearable photovoltaics, with

Nathaniel M. Gabor, an assistant professor

several electrons," said Max Grossnickle,

the materials being integrated into the fabric.

of physics, who led the research team.

also a graduate student in Gabor's lab and

We could have, say, a suit that generates

"Normally, when an electron jumps between

the research paper's co-ﬁrst author. "Our

power - energy-harvesting technology that

energy states, it wastes energy. In our

paper shows that this is possible."

would be essentially invisible."

experiment, the waste energy instead creates

Barati noted that more electrons could be VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

INNOVATIONS

Novel Process for Producing High-Voltage Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Dr. Jennifer Ludwig of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has developed a process that allows a fast, simple, and cost-effective production of the promising cathode material lithium cobalt phosphate in high quality. The chemist was awarded the Evonik Research Prize for her work. The powder that Jennifer Ludwig carefully pours into a glass bowl and which glows pink in the light of the laboratory lamp has the potential to signiﬁcantly improve the performance of future batteries. “Lithium cobalt phosphate can store substantially more energy than conventional cathode materials,” explains the chemist. Working in the group of Tom Nilges, head of the Professorship of Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Materials, the chemist has developed a process for producing the pink powder quickly, with minimal amounts of energy and in the highest quality. Battery researchers have been considering lithium cobalt phosphate a material of the future for some time. It operates at higher voltages than the traditionally employed lithium iron phosphate and thus, attains a higher energy density – 800 watt hours per kilogram instead of just under 600 watt hours. Previously, however, the production of the promising high-voltage cathode material required a very complex, energy-intensive and inefﬁcient process under harsh conditions with temperatures of 800 °C. “And the crystals that form under these conditions vary in size and must be ground to nanocrystalline powder in a second, energy-intensive production step,” reports Ludwig. Furthermore, the resulting crystals exhibit sufficient ionic conductivity in only one direction. Over most of the surface, the chemical reaction between the electrode material and the electrolyte in the batteries progresses very slowly. The microwave synthesis process develo-

ped by Jennifer Ludwig solves all of these

is unsuitable as a battery material, she

issues at once: Obtaining the high-grade

modiﬁed the reaction so that only the desired

lithium cobalt phosphate requires only a

lithium cobalt phosphate is produced.

microwave oven and 30 minutes of time.

“With this new production process, we can

The reactants are placed in a Teﬂon con-

now create high-performance, platelet-

tainer together with a solvent and are then

shaped lithium cobalt phosphate crystals

heated. A mere 600 W are sufficient to

with tailored properties in high quality,” says

achieve the 250 °C required to stimulate

Professor Nilges. “Thus, a further hurdle on

the crystal formation.

the path to new high-voltage materials has

The ﬂat platelets created in the process

been taken.”

measure less than one micrometer across

Jennifer Ludwig’s work was funded by

and are only a few hundred nanometers

the TUM Graduate School, BMW, and the

thick, with the axis of maximum conductivity

Chemical Industry Fund. The investigation

oriented towards the surface. “This shape

of electrochemical properties was per-

ensures better electrochemical performance

formed in cooperation with the Chair of

because the lithium ions need to move

Technical Electrochemistry, TU Munich.

only short distances within the crystals,”

The structure and properties of the complex

explains Ludwig.

cobalt hydroxide hydrogen phosphate

The chemist was also able to solve another

were investigated in collaboration with the

problem in the course of her experiments:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

At temperatures over 200 °C and under

(LBNL), the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation

high pressure, instead of the desired lithium

Light Source (SSRL) and the Walther-

cobalt phosphate a hitherto unknown,

Meißner-Institut (WMI). For the development

complex cobalt hydroxide hydrogen phos-

of the new synthesis process, Jennifer

phate compound is occasionally formed.

Ludwig received the Evonik Research Prize,

Jennifer Ludwig succeeded in elucidating

which the chemical company annually

the reaction mechanism, isolating the com-

awards to next-generation researchers.

pound and determining its structure and properties. Since the new compound

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

PRODUCT ANATOMY GoodWe MT Series Inverters

Consul Neowa� Modular UPS Falcon 7000M

J.v.G. Thoma Tabber Stringer

inverter boost function offers a continuous maximum AC output power overload of 15% for higher yield and quicker ROI, according to the company. GoodWe has launched its brand new second generation of MT Series string inverters, GW50K-MT and GW60K-MT, for large scale commercial rooftops and ground-mounted solar PV systems. Apart from offering a more compact design and competitive price, the new MT Series provide a continuous power boost function to achieve a higher yield and quicker return on investment.

Product Brief: Consul Neowatt has launched Falcon 7000M, a three phase modular online UPS. The Falcon 7000M available in a range scalable up to 900 kVA. Falcon 7000M is designed with hot swappable power modules, centralized static bypass module and inbuilt manual bypass switch with special attention in design to avoid single point of failures in the system. Each module has its own controller which eliminates the need of a common controller. It becomes the right choice for all infrastructures with a compact footprint of less than 2m² for providing 900kVA of uninterruptible power protection.

Product Brief: J.v.G. Thoma GmbH has introduced a new tabber stringer to its product portfolio, which includes its ‘Endless String Technology’ to work at a speed that is claimed to be twice as fast as other stringers on the market.

Product Feature: With capacities of 50 kW

Product Feature: The Falcon 7000M UPS

Product Brief: GoodWe’s new MT Series

and 60 kW, the new transformerless, threephase GoodWe MT series grid-tied inverters are equipped with four MPPTs ensuring that the outputs of connected modules are able to generate the highest yields even in different PV installation conditions. In addition, it also allows a wireless communication network for monitoring and control of the entire system through smartphone, tablet or laptop.

Application: Large scale commercial rooftops and ground-mounted solar PV systems

Benefits: The new GoodWe MT Series provides a continuous maximum AC output power overload of up to 15% which allows to significantly reducing the total number of inverters to be installed, while minimizing labor and installation costs. It also features a more compact design with less than 20% volume and lighter weight compared to other conventional models, which greatly simplifies installation and commissioning. Two different MT Series string inverters, GW50K-MT and GW60K-MT, are available to adapt to customers' requirements in terms of output power.

has been developed to deliver on three key areas – Flexibility, Availability and Lower Total Cost of Ownership. Clients can pay as they grow by adding the required UPS modules to provide the required redundancy and capacity as their power needs evolve and change with time. This provides the flexibility at a lower total cost of ownership as it avoids over sizing the initial design. Falcon 7000M is available in two flexible configurations of 25 & 30 KVA modules for vertical scalability with a maximum of 6 &10 modules in a frame, based on the requirement.

Application: Ideally suited for critical applications like Datacenter, IT/ITES, E-commerce, BFSI, Retail, Education and Entertainment segments. Benefits: Falcon 7000Musesan advanced topology to provide 96% efficiency when operating in online double conversion mode. The Falcon 7000M also uses a unique active hibernation feature which allows the unused UPS Module to go into the sleep mode thus improving the efficiency of UPS at light load conditions. Availability: Available

Availability: Available

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

Product Feature: The J.v.G. Thoma Stringer uses the newly developed Endless String Technology that is said to enable the stringer to reach up to 1,300 cells/h with a very high precision of ribbon alignment with an option handle 2.600 cells/h. Compared to other high end stringers on the market, the price per speed (cells / h) is very competitive, according to the company. The tool also provides less tension in the cell making less stress, resulting in a reduction in the cell breakage rate. The DESERT+ soldering solution we can process cells down to 120 micron thickness. Application: Tabbing and stringing of all types of solar cells.

Beneﬁts: The J.v.G. Thoma Stringer is designed to be low maintenance and have ease of operation. The new model has been thoughtfully designed so that it can be easily repaired with compatible replacement parts - even from suppliers other than J.v.G. Thoma. It is also possible to upgrade to new technologies when needed - giving the model a longer working life when migrating to new multiple busbar conﬁgurations. Availability: Available

PRODUCT ANATOMY Sunpreme Next Genera�on Maxima HxB Series Modules

Product Brief: Sunpreme has released its HCT-platform based Maxima HxB-400 solar module. This product incorporates half-cell design with an anodized frame around the double glass construction. When combined with an optimizer, these modules can be integrated into 30% longer strings, a desirable beneﬁt for space-constrained C&I applications. Product Feature: SunpremeMaxima HxB

series modules has a high-power rating of 400W STC, 440W with 10% backside Bifacial boost, a benchmark low thermal coefficient of -0.26%/C and a voltage rating of 1500V. The module efficiency is specified at 19% STC, or 20.9% with 10% backside boost. The design includes new half-cell architecture to reduce internal losses and increase module power, a split J-box to reduce cable loss, with an option for integrated Smart optimizer, polyolefin encapsulant to enhance Sunpreme's already world-class reliability, and an anodized aluminum frame for ease of installation.

Application: Rooftop and Utility Beneﬁts: This product carries a 30-yr, 0.5% per year linear power warrantee. It has beneﬁted from a rigorous "should-cost" implementation of critical materials procurement process to ensure a competitive cost of the manufactured product.

Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corpora�on 2nd Gen 650V SiC Scho�ky Barrier Diodes

Product Brief: Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation (TDSC) has enhanced its diode portfolio with the addition of six Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated with silicon carbide (SiC) and housed in surface-mount packages. Product Feature: The new SiC SBDs inc-

orporate Toshiba’s latest second-generation chip, which delivers improvements in surge peak forward current (IFSM) and ﬁgure of merit (VF•Qc*1). The devices offer enhanced ruggedness and low loss, which helps to improve system efﬁciency and simplify thermal design.

Application: Wide range of commercial and

industrial applications in solar microinverters/ micro inverter circuits.

Beneﬁts: The addition of TDSC’s ﬁrst SiC

SBDs in surface-mount packages (nicknamed DPAK) meets customer needs to reduce system size and thickness. It is known to have high surge peak forward current: Approx. 7 to 9.5 times the current rating, IF (DC), low figure of merit (VF•Qc): About 1/3 lower than ﬁrst generation products, indicating high efﬁciency and Surface-mount package: Enables auto mounters and helps to reduce system size and thickness.

Availability: Volume shipments of diodes has begun.

Vikram Solar SOMERA Monocrystalline Module

Product Brief: Vikram Solar has launched a new line of high-efficiency modules. The new module line ‘SOMERA’ falls under the Monocrystalline solar PV module category, which is a new addition to the company’s product portfolio. 60 cell (SOMERA Prime series) & 72 cell (SOMERA Grand) series modules in this product line are out on the market. Product Feature: These products are equipped with Passivated Emitter Rear Contact Technology (PERC) cells providing high module area efficiency up to 19.05% (for 60 cells) & up to 18.45% (for 72 cells). The modules constructed with high efficiency PERC cells, having extremely Low LightInduced Degradation and lower temperature coefficients leading to higher energy yield, compared to other modules. Application: Utility PV Scale Projects under higher system voltage up to 1500 V. Benefits: The new monocrystalline modules are conditioned to withstand 2400 Pascal Wind load, 5400 Pascal Snow load and Dynamic Wind load, making them the best option even for harsh geographical conditions. Tests have revealed that SOMERA line can offer 5 – 10% higher energy generation output than that of any industry average polycrystalline modules. Availability: Available

Availability: 2017 Year End.

VOL 2 l ISSUE 3 l NOVEMBER 2017 l SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

Date 3 to 5 Nov. 2017 Venue : Amroodon Ka Bagh, Vidhan Sabha Marg, Jaipur ( Raj.)

PARTICIPANT IN Special Attraction Bio Gas Batteries LEDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s E- Rickshaw Wind Energy

Organised by Never lose, either win or learn !!

Organised by

Essential Events & Trade Fairs

( ISO 9001 - 2008 certified company ) email: mktg.essential@gmail.com Contact: +919082044056

www.essentialtradefairs.com

Contact for participation

Conference

Mumbai - Rajesh Sinha : +919324077881 Delhi & NCR : Ankita Rathee : +918800776526 Gagan Sharma: +919999928252 South India - Anil Nalvade : +919916686615 Jaipur : Ashok Pareek :+918290099995

NATIONAL EVENTS

PV MODULETECH CONFERENCE

SOLAR INDIA 2017 EXPO website : www.essentialtradefairs.com START DATE : 03-Nov-2017 END DATE : 05-Nov-2017

Location : Jaipur, India Phone : +91-9324077881

E-mail : mktg.essential@gmail.com

website : www.solarassetmanagementeu.com

website : www.energyexpo.in Location : Chhattisgarh, India Phone : +91- 98736 09092

INTERSOLAR INDIA 2017 website : www.intersolar.in START DATE : 05-Dec-2017 END DATE : 07-Dec-2017

Location : Mumbai, India Phone : +49 7231 585980 E-mail : intersolar@intersolarglobal.com

RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPO START DATE : 08-Feb-2018 END DATE : 10-Feb-2018

Location : Chennai, India

Phone : E-mail : info@renewableenergyexpo.biz

+91 73587 46326

ALL INDIA SOLAR SUMMIT 2018 website : www.aiss.org.in START DATE : 23-Feb-2018 END DATE : 25-Feb-2018

Location : Lucknow, India Phone : +91 522 2720090

E-mail : info@niss.org.in

website : www.renewx.in START DATE : 06-Apr-2018 Location : Hyderabad, India Phone : +919990962410 END DATE : 07-Apr-2018 E-mail : Pankaj.sharma@ubm.com

2ND SOLAR TODAY EXPO

website : www.solarindiaexpo.com Location : New Delhi, India Phone : +91 11 42795011

E-mail : praveens@eigroup.in

RENEWABLE ENERGY INDIA EXPO 2018

website : www.renewableenergyindiaexpo.com Location : Greater Noida, India Phone : +919990962410 E-mail : Pankaj.sharma@ubm.com

website : en.keyenergy.it START DATE : 7-Nov-2017 END DATE : 10-Nov-2017 E-mail : m.forcellini@riminifiera.it

Location : Rimini, Italy Phone :

+39 0541 744226

2ND BGS SOLAR SUMMIT website : bgs-solar.com START DATE : 20-Nov-2017

Location : Tunis, Tunisia

END DATE :

Phone : +44 20 37693392

21-Nov 2017

E-mail : solar@bgs-group.eu

SOLAR BUSINESS FESTIVAL 2017: CONFERENCE & TRADE SHOW

website : www.sbf-series.com START DATE : 29-Nov-2017 END DATE : 30-Nov-2017 E-mail : sbf@gaadvancement.com

Location : Texas, USA Phone : +1 512 9473360

website : solarcanadaconference.ca START DATE : 4-Dec-2017 END DATE : 5-Dec-2017 E-mail : info@solarenergyevent.ca

Location : Toronto, Canada Phone : +1 647 5607000

AUSTRALIA SOLAR + ENERGY STORAGE CONGRESS & EXPO 2017 START DATE : 5-Dec-2017 END DATE : 6-Dec-2017 E-mail : eddie@leader-associates.com

Location : Brisbane, Australia Phone :

+86 21 31021580

SOLAR EXPO - A WORLD FUTURE ENERGY SUMMIT EVENT

3RD SOLAR INDIA 2018 EXPO

START DATE : 05-Sep-2018 END DATE : 07-Sep-2018

KEY ENERGY 2017

website : www.australiaenergystorage.com Location : Bengaluru, India Phone : +91 9930959799

E-mail : zakir@solartodayexpo.com

START DATE : 23-May-2018 END DATE : 25-May-2018

START DATE : 7-Nov-2017 Location : Milan, Italy END DATE : 8-Nov-2017 Phone : +31 10 3027909 E-mail : shushan@solarplaza.com

SOLAR CANADA 2017

RENEWX 2018

website : www.solartodayexpo.com START DATE : 10-Apr-2018 END DATE : 12-Apr-2018

website : moduletech.solarenergyevents.com START DATE : 7-Nov-2017 Location : Malaysia END DATE : 8-Nov-2017 E-mail : marketing@solarmedia.co.uk

SOLAR ASSET MANAGEMENT EUROPE

ASIA ENERGY TECH EXPO START DATE : 03-Nov-2017 END DATE : 05-Nov-2017 E-mail : info@energyexpo.in

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

website : www.solarexpo.ae START DATE : 15-Jan-2018 END DATE : 18-Jan-2018 E-mail : afrina.nasrin@reedexpo.ae

Location : Abu Dhabi, UAE Phone :

+971 2 4090387

SNEC 12TH (2018) website : www.snec.org.cn START DATE : 28-May-2018 END DATE : 30-May-2018 E-mail : info@snec.org.cn

SAUR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL l NOVEMBER 2017 l VOL 2 l ISSUE 3

Location : Shanghai, China Phone :

+86 21 53893020