UNDP BARBADOS Subregional Office www.bb.undp.org 10 Eastern Caribbean States
Caribbean Human Development Report on Citizen Security Regional SSC Governance Workshop Brasilia 8-9 October
Crime is a regional issue - beyond Human Development (HD) national boundaries 1. Arthur Lewis, a Caribbean scholar and Noble Prize Winner wrote in 1955 “The advantage of economic growth is not that wealth increases happiness, but that it increases the range of human choices.� 2. Caribbean states are MIC/SIDS with high and medium HDI rankings and positive HDI indictors. Paradox is high inequality, poverty and social underdevelopment
3. High rates of crime, increased social disruption - threats to positive regional and national development gains.
Caribbean HDR
• •
Why a Caribbean HDR on Citizen Security?
Declining fiscal capacity of States and public debt-to-GDP ratio rising to over 100% since 2009 Economy diversified into light industry and tourism with about three-quarters of GDP and 80% of exports in services sector but has been experiencing declining revenues with the global economic downturn
Caribbean Human Development Report : Citizen Security Media: Called the Report – “A Caribbean Security Wake–Up Call” The first of its kind for the English and Dutch Speaking Countries
Selected Findings Prevalence of Crime Homicide Rate for Selected Caribbean countries 1990 - 2010 (per 100,000) 70
60
50
Rate per 100,000
40
30
20
10
0
Antigua
Jamaica
Guyana
Barbados
Trinidad and Tobago
St. Lucia
Selected Findings Prevalence of Crime Rate of Firearm related Offences in Selected Caribbean countries 1990-2010 Chart 1.4 Rate of Firearm Related Offences in Selected Caribbean Countries, 1990 - 2010
(per 100,00)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Jamaica
2000
2001
Trinidad
2002
2003
Barbados
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
New Collaboration Spaces: Caribbean SIDS • DIALOGUES - in-country with Parliamentarians on CHDR research, analysis, new data and policy recommendations • MULTISTAKEHOLDER engagement: media, youth, women, citizens and communities on priorities, strategies for participatory results and solutions • DONOR COORDINATION: Consultations with donors to enhance coordination, formulation and M&E of new citizen security programmes • SIDS INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE: UNDP niche programming framework – PORTAL: EVIDENCED BASED
21ST CENTURY SIDS DEVELOPMENT
CHANGE AGENDA: INNOVATION: YOUNG SIDS MANAGING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
Caribbean HDR
Research
• Primary Data – the Victimization Survey Research sites: The survey completed in 7 countries in the English & Dutch Speaking Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago • Interviews: A total of 11,155 interviews were conducted in all of the research countries. Period November 2010 – February 2011 • Sample survey reflected key demographic characteristics of adult population in each country • Secondary Data – • Official Crime Statistics • Results from other surveys in the Caribbean were used to validate survey results (e.g. LAPOP survey)
Caribbean HDR
Main recommendation
The central recommendation that the Caribbean countries need to support changing relationships between the state and citizen with: • Responsive and accountable institutions • Greater social integration • Active citizen engagement
NEW DEVELOPMENT FOCUS
Putting CARIBBEAN CITIZENS at the centre – closing the gap between THE STATE and CIVIC involvement: Assistance entry point and opportunity
http://youtu.be/QKUBcBGaGBM
Selected Findings Prevalence of Crime Domestic Violence Events – Total region by gender Total region
Male
Female
22.7% 20.9% 19.0%
14.3% 11.6%
13.2% 11.4%
8.8%
9.7%
10.7% 8.6% 6.7%
Insulted
Threat of violence
Violence used
Been injured
Selected Findings Prevalence of Feelings of security Public Security in the Caribbean, 2010 (Perception of security- %) 78.7%
57.6% 45.5%
45.8%
42.7% 35.8%
37.7%
24.7%
Total Region
Antigua
Barbados
Guyana
Jamaica
St. Lucia
Suriname Trinidad & Tobago
Confidence in Institutions
The Police
Percent Believing that the Police Are Competent and Deserve Citizen Support
80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Antigua
Barbados
St. Lucia
Police Are Competent
Guyana
Trinidad & Tobago
Police Deserve My Support
Suriname
Jamaica
Policy Orientation
Voluntarism (%)
Percent Willing to Work Together with Others to Reduce Violent Crime
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Antigua
Barbados
St. Lucia
Guyana
Willingness to Work Together
Trinidad & Tobago
Suriname
Jamaica