Innovative systems of information on citizen security at the national and regional level
Regional System of Standardized Indicators on Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security Brasilia, October 2012
Cisalva Institute: Institute for Peace Promotion and Injury / Violence Prevention, Cali, Colombia.
CISALVA INSTITUTE
Fields of action •
Surveillance Systems Development
•
Social Communication for Behavior Change
•
Evaluation
•
Mental Health
•
Road Safety
•
Violence Prevention
•
Road Safety Evaluation
Current studies Regional system of standardized indicators in peaceful coexistence and citizen security. 2008-2012 Financed by the Interamerican Development Bank Evaluation of two community based mental health interventions for the Afro-Colombian victims of torture and violence. 2011-2013
Designing and Evaluation of a Strategy on violence/bullying prevention in Public Schools from Cali. 2011-2012
International Movement on Safe Communities. Promote Safe Communities as a certifying center for Latin America and the Caribbean region . Road Safety Observatory. Department of Valle del Cauca.
Motivations of the Project: Regional System of Standardized Indicators on Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security
Source: DGIC, Honduras
Multiplicity of indicators to describe the events of crime and violence.
Various sources non concealed to the same subjects or territories; Comparativo nacional de homicidios segĂşn fuente Colombia; 1998 - 2010
35.000
30.000 25.000
20.000 15.000
10.000 5.000 -
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Medicina Legal 24.236 23.209 25.681 26.311 27.829 22.199 17.556 15.031 14.616 14.751 15.250 17.717 15.681 PolicĂa 23.096 24.358 26.540 27.840 28.837 23.523 20.210 18.111 17.479 17.198 16.140 15.817 15.459 DANE 24.715 25.855 28.789 30.103 31.807 25.612 22.369 18.875 17.816
Source: Universidad del Valle, Instituto CISALVA. Colombia; 2011
LAC 2007: Diferent indicators for the same felony in international statistics Central america: Homicide Rate per 100,000 hab. (2000-2006) Year
Source
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
2000
OEA
37.3
25.8
49.9
9
10.1
2000
PNUD
45
28
0
9
10
2001
OEA
34.6
25.2
53.7
10
10.1
2001
PNUD
40
30
0
10
10
2002
OEA
31.1
30.7
55.9
10
12.4
2002
PNUD
39
32
69
10
12
2003
OEA
32.7
35
33.6
12
10.8
2003
PNUD
40
37
65
12
11
2004
OEA
41
36.3
31.9
12
9.7
2004
PNUD
49
38
35
12
10
2005
OEA
54.9
42
35
13
11.2
2005
PNUD
62
44
37
13
11
2006
OEA
55.3
45.2
42.9
12.4
11.3
2006
PNUD
65
47
46
13
11
Sources: PNUD: Informe sobre desarrollo humano para América Latina 2009 - 2010, Octubre 2009. OEA: La seguridad publica en las Américas, retos y oportunidades. 2da Edición diciembre 2008.
Homicides per 100.000 inhabitants, per year, 2011
Source: National Statistics
The Economist. Organised crime in Central America. The rot spreads. Drug-trafficking gangs find a promising new home in some of the poorest and most vulnerable countries in the Americas. Enero 20 de 2011. En http://www.economist.com/node/17963313?story_id=17963313
Project Background – Different concepts for offences with the same name: incidents that are added in a country where not joined in the others = Different definitions – Differences in demographic estimates of total population = Different denominators – Unreconciled sources for different years that make harder the construction of series = lack of validation of the information at the local level.
Project Background – Asymmetries in the quality of the records and processing of data = Deficiencies in quality of the data – Methodological differences (Questions, samples, periodicity) in survey indicators = Sub registry (hidden number)
• Lack of Standardization of data mechanisms = lack of identification of common indicators and their technical specifications.
The international comparison as is done is complicated by the diversity of definitions, mechanisms, data processing and technological developments;
Using the Data in Citizen Security Public policy decisions
Administrative Decisions
Strategic Decisions
• Diagnosis • Planning • Evaluation • Budget Definition • Personnel preparation • Public Information • Legislative guidelines • Police organization • Distribution of equipment for security and justice • Prioritization exercise.
THE PROJECT
Project Background First Forum on Citizen Security IDB.
Medellín, 2005
“”Indicators of violence, crime and perception of security Net”.
Flacso, Quito, 2005
“Training day and dialogue for the construction of a Regional Public Good around the standardization of indicators of citizen security”.
Bogotá, 2006
Project Approval.
2007
Signing of the Agreement.
2008
A REGIONAL SYSTEM TO STANDARDIZE INDICATORS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN. OBJECTIVE
Develop and implement, as a Regional public good, a Regional system of standardized indicators of coexistence and citizen security for the measurement, monitoring and regional comparison of the phenomena of crime and violence, strengthening the capacity of decision-makers to formulate, implement and evaluate peaceful coexistence and Citizen Security policy. “Training Day and dialogue for the construction of a Regional Public Good around the standardization of indicators of Citizen Security." Bogotá, 2006
IDB FUNDING: US$2,550,000 EXECUTIVE UNIT: Instituto CISALVA – Universidad del Valle de Cali (Colombia)
Partner countries 2008 • Colombia • Honduras • Distrito Metropolitan o de Quito • Peru
2009 • Ecuador • Dominican Republic • Uruguay • Paraguay
2010 • Buenos Aires (Argentina) • Costa Rica • Chile • El Salvador • Jamaica • Guyana • Mexico • Nicaragua
2011 • Argentina
Organization chart DIRECTION COMMITTEE
Director
Technical Coordinator
Executive Unit – UE-
IDB
Staff
Finnancial Coordinator
OEA UNODC
TECHNICAL COMMITEE
Strategic Partners
PNUD SICA BM
SUB TECHNICAL UNITS
AR
CO
CR
CL
DO
EC
SV
GY
HN
JM
MX
NI
PY
PE
UY
Sub Technical Units In each partner country we develop a Sub SUT Technical Unit under the coordination of the Ministry, Department Government, Home Affairs or responsible for the subject. This is an ad hoc working group composed of representatives from: -National Police -General Attorney / Prosecutor -Ministry / Department of Health -Responsible for issues of domestic violence / family -Responsible for national statistics among others.
Muertes por lesiones de causa externa Tr谩nsito y transporte
Convivencia
Victimizaci贸n y percepci贸n de inseguridad
Delitos
CSUT
Violencia sexual
Violencia en la familia Maltrato infantil y de adolescentes
Methodology
Institutional leadership
Workshop. PerĂş, 2010
Decisions by consensus
Workshop (planning). Dominican Republic, June 2009
Collective building
Technical committee. Colombia, February 2011
Process for developing indicators
Standardization of technical concepts
Institutional diagnostics
National definitions of coexistence and citizen security
Formulation of national indicators
Formulation of regional indicators
Strategical Meetings Across the region
Quality training in Nicaragua
National Engineers meeting in Honduras
Institutional Interviews in Salvador
STU conformation El Salvador
Capture of the data training Costa Rica
Capture training in Dominican Republic
Chronicle and project milestones 2005-2007 Initial meetings.
Presentation and approval of the BPR (6 countries).
2008 Start of execution phase. 3 countries and a built-in Constitution EU capital.
2009 6 countries and a capital city incorporated Constitution of SUT and country diagnoses.
Diagnosis. 22 Indicators are agreed to standardize. Begins the definition and methodological agreements. Workshop with OAS to promote income new countries.
2010 The definition of indicators and protocols of administrative records are concluded. Courses of data capture. 8 countries and a capital city request for entry into the project. Approval of an expansion of resources for the SES for OAS, SICA, UNODC and strategic partners.
2011
2012
7 new countries with SES, it is expanded.
15 countries and 2 capital cities reporting data into SES.
A new country request for entry into the project.
Coordination with national observatories and international statistics.
Indicators are defined by surveys, FIV and sexual violence is included. Regional Training of prosecutors and police officers. A new partner. Publication of standardized record data.
New website.
Pilot survey VIF in Uruguay. Homogenization technology and documentation data official OAS/UNODC. International Conference. Stage II launching: second generation indicators. UNDP, World Bank and PAHO join as strategic partners
Results
Peaceful Coexistence It is the interaction between citizens, between them and the State, between them and the public environment. This includes non-violence, tolerance among different moral, cultural and social without being transgresses the law, compliance with social rules, both formal and informal, and the symmetry between rights and duties.
Citizen Security
It is the situation of risk-free community living, respecting the duties and rights of all citizens.
Criteria for regional indicators selection
Regional Relevance relevance
Data Availability
Indicators
Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators
Source: administrative Registries
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants Traffic injuries death rate per each 100,000 inhabitants Suicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants older than 5 years of age Firearms deaths per 100,000 inhabitants Theft rate per 100,000 inhabitants Robbery rate for 100,000 inhabitants
Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: administrative Registries 7. Robbery rate per 100,000 inhabitants 8. Robbery and theft rate of vehicles per 10,000 registered vehicles 9. Kidnapping rate for each 100,000 inhabitants 10. Sexual crime allegations per 100,000 inhabitants 11. Child and adolescent maltreatment allegations per 1,000 persons younger than 18 years of age 12. Intra-familiar/familiar/domestic violence allegations per 100,000 inhabitants. 13. Traffic violations under alcohol effect (not defined indicator)
Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: Surveys
1.Crime victimization rate in people over 18 years. 2.Victimization rate for robbery in people over 18 years. 3.Victimization rate for Theft in people over 18 years. 4.Prevalence of Intra-familiar/familiar/domestic violence. 5.Sexual violence prevalence.
Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: Surveys
1.Percentage of people who feel unsafe. 2.Percentage of people with fear perception. 3.Percentage of people with risks perception. 4.Percentage of people who trust in institutions. 5.Percentage of people who justify the use of violence.
www.seguridadyregion.com
Main Products • Administrative Registries data set are validated and standardized between countries. • Manuals and protocols. • Regional networks between key institutions (police, Public ministries, engineers) are integrated and trained. • Support with validated data to IDB strategies and operations. • Identification of SES indicators with countries data. • Webpage for 15 countries.
Trainings and regional boards
Workshop in Paraguay
Workshop in Nicaragua
Regional Board in Dominican Republic
Regional board in PerĂş
Main results 2008
2012
Multiple definitions for same events.
Colecting and processing methods are public and standardized.
National institutions with insuficent technology and training.
Stronger institutions, STU are settled.
Non coniliated data between different sources.
Internal data are conciliated and validated between different sources.
Non comparable data between countries.
Standardized data, comparable between SES members
Absence of coordination inside the countries, between them and between similar institutions of the countries.
Regional System developed (SES). Regional Communities (institutional). SES Data set are official between current countries.
Steps for Sustainability • UNDP will promote interbreeding between the project and several publications on the subject, in particular its victimization manuals and annual reports. • Liaison with the regional Mercosur, CAN, SICA and CARICOM spaces. • Participation in the technical development of OBSICA • Regional Study for homicide. • Strategic new members such as the Pan American Health Organization and the World Bank. • Accession of new countries: Belize, Trinidad, Bolivia, Guatemala, Panama and Brazil.
Still a lot of work to do!! SES 2010 Countries
Rate
WHO/PAHO 2010
Victims
Rate
Victims
UNODC 2010 Rate
OAS 2010
Victims
Dominican Republic
25,03
2.474
S.I
24,90
Honduras
77,50
6.236
S.I
82,10
Colombia
33,97
15.459
S.I
Ecuador
18,57
2.638
Peru
18,58
Paraguay
Rate
Victims S.I
2.638
6.239
81,83
6.236
33,40
15.459
S.I
S.I
18,20
2.638
19,15
5.473
S.I
S.I
11,38
734
S.I
11,50
714
S.I
Uruguay
6,11
205
S.I
6,10
205
6,08
Chile
1,52
259
S.I
S.I
S.I
El Salvador
64,48
3.987
S.I
66,00
64,68
4.005
Guyana
17,65
139
S.I
18,40
S.I
S.I
Jamaica
53,34
1.442
S.I
52,10
52,38
1.430
Nicaragua
13,50
785
S.I
13,20
766
S.I
MĂŠxico
23,76
25.757
21,50
18,10
20.585
17,86
Costa Rica
11,55
527
S.I
11,30
527
S.I
Argentina
S.I
S.I
S.I
S.I
2.638
S.I
139
S.I
205
19.769
ThanksÂŽ Email: bprcisalva@gmail.com Skype: bprindicadores_seguridad Tel.: (+57 2 557 72 06) Maria Isabel GutiĂŠrrez M. MD, MSc, PhD. Professor- Chair maria.gutierrez@correounivalle.edu.co Juan Pablo Gordillo Investigador jpgordillom@gmail.com