Stakeholder analysis for project design Ingvild Oia, Programme Specialist,UNDP Ingvild.oia@undp.org
Photo by: Konomiho/flickr.
Outline • Stakeholder analysis as a tool to assist with the political process • Exercise 1 stakeholder analysis • Exercise 2: how to engage with who • Exercise 3: mapping data sources
Which questions should you ask before you start?
Technical
Political
• How big should the sample • Who are the change size be? agents on the ground? • Should we use both de jure • What are the formal and and de facto indicators? informal incentive structure for reform? • Which normative principles • Which actors have a should we select? self-interest in pushing this agenda?
Why participation? Technical benefits • More likely to be customized to country specificities • May facilitate continuous customization of tool • May make indicators more “actionable” Political benefits • People usually commit to what they help to create • More likely to be seen credible’ by policymakers • Increases legitimacy and public trust in the exercise • May strengthen consensus-building and political will Efficiency benefits (usage) More likely: • To be adapted to actual measuring needs • That results will be better integrated in planning • Indicators are used for accountability • It will be sustainable
Increase impact of assessment
Roadmap to participation: A tool to assist with managing the political process of assessing local governance
The who, what and when of a roadmap • Clarify purpose – E.g. Developing an assessment framework
• Identifications of steps in a cumulative process – – – – –
Decide on purpose, users, scope and principles draft 1 and feedback draft 2 and feedback pilot and feedback final assessment methodology
• Stakeholder analysis • Clarify expectations and roles • Clarify principles of consultations
Build consensus on a methodology
Key steps in conducting a governance assessment (when should multi-stakeholder consultations take place) Identify key stakeholders
Decide on sampling
Analyse results
Establish a steering committee
Decide on how to collect data
Disseminate results
Identify national institution or civil society organisation as ‘coordinator’
Decide on indicators
Conduct multistakeholder consultation
Decide on assessment framework
Develop policy recommend ations
Raise funds
Select type of assessment
Implement policy reform or advocate for reform
Conduct multistakeholder dialogue on governance priorities
Decide on who will do the research
Institutionalize the assessment and repeat at regular intervals
Agree on need, scope and users
1 2
Agree on principles
Political level Broad multi-stakeholder consultation
Agree on key sector issues
3 4
Agree on sub-issues 5
Agree on a results chain Identify a basket of indicators
6
Match indicators with existing sources
7
8
Example of steps involved in developing an assessment framework in Egypt
Develop data collection instruments 9 Collect data 10
Produce results
Broad engagement on results
Technical level Narrow expertise consultation
Index of Responsibility, Transparency and Accountability in Macedonia • Defining corruption hotspots: consulted with
– Representatives of local self-government, such as Mayors, presidents of municipal councils, chiefs of administration – Central institutions, such as Ministry of local governments, state audit office, ministry of environmental protection and urban planning, ministry of transport, state commission for the prevention of corruption, bureau of public procurement – Users of services, such as citizens, business community, media, NGOs
Exercise 1: Stakeholder analysis Goal: To learn how to use a stakeholder analysis as a basis for making strategic decisions on who to engage in a consultation process .
Stakeholder Analysis "Stakeholder management is critical to the success of every anti-corruption strategy. By engaging the right people and institutions in the right way, you can make a big difference "
• Identifying the key stakeholders and their interests in reform (positive or negative) • Assessing the influence and importance of each stakeholder • Identifying measuring needs of stakeholders (basis for engagement)
Significant influence
Significantly interested in reform
Some interest
Little interest
No interest
Some influence
Little influence
No influence
Significant influence Significantly interested in reform
Some influence
Little influence
No influence
Ministry of Local Government
state commission for the prevention of corruption citizens
NGO 2 NGO 3 The poor Women
NGO 4
Some interest
President of municipal councils
ministry of transport NGO 1 M&E unit of local governments Local NSO units
state audit office bureau of public procurement Media 2
Little interest
Mayors
Business community Media 1
ministry of environmental protection and urban planning
No interest
Chief of administration
Local public servants
Exercise 2: Identifying how to engage with the various stakeholders
Levels of participation •
Information & awareness: At this level, actual „participation‟ is minimal and includes information sharing, public awareness campaigns, educational initiatives, training of staff.
•
Consultation: Consultation engages institutions, organizations, citizens and stakeholders in dialogue and net-working, and involves stakeholder analyses and issue mapping.
•
Representation: At this level, stakeholder preferences are represented in the management of the assessment, through advisory board etc.
•
Partnerships: At this level, consultation is turned into actual collaboration, where institutions, organizations, and citizen forums take initiative in policy development & implementation.
•
Oversight & audits: At this level, stakeholders „own‟ initiatives for policy development and service delivery, and provide the necessary monitoring and evaluation as full owners over the process.
• Who should be implementing partner? • Who should be represented on advisory board/steering group? • Who should be consulted? • Who should be informed?
Significant influence Significantly interested in reform
Some influence
Little influence
No influence
Ministry of Local Government
state commission for the prevention of corruption citizens
NGO 2 NGO 3 The poor Women
NGO 4
Some interest
President of municipal councils
ministry of transport NGO 1 M&E unit of local governments Local NSO units
state audit office bureau of public procurement Media 2
Little interest
Mayors
Business community Media 1
ministry of environmental protection and urban planning
No interest
Chief of administration
Local public servants
Exercise 3: Mapping datasources Goal: To learn an approach for mapping existing datasources that can be relevant to include in a corruption/integrity assessment, based on a stakeholder analysis
Official data sources − Administrative data −M&E of national polices and plans −M&E at municipal level −Household surveys
Possible unofficial data sources
Social Accountability tools
−Policy audit −Participatory social impact analysis −Public opinion poll −Public revenue monitoring −Independent budget analysis −Public expenditure tracking survey −Citizen report cards (CRC) −Community scorecards (CSC) −Participatory output monitoring −Social audit −Citizen audit −Research and studies
−Citizen jury −Public hearing −Study circle −Appreciative inquiry summit −Public forum −‘Future search’ public workshop −Virtual town hall meeting −Democratic Dialogue −Referendum: or plebiscite −Deliberative polling −Alternative budget −Community-led procurement −Participatory budgeting
Significant influence Significantly interested in reform
Some interest
President of municipal councils
Little interest
Mayors
No interest
Chief of administration Administrative
Some influence
Little influence
No influence
Ministry of Local Government Administrative data/ M&E
state commission for the prevention of corruption citizens Household survey
NGO 2 budget analysis NGO 3 The poor Women
ministry of transport NGO 1 Score cards M&E unit of local governments Local NSO units Survey Business community Media 1
state audit office bureau of public procurement Media 2 Regular polls
NGO 4
Local public servants
ministry of environmental protection and urban planning