Assessing Relationship between Devolution and Public Services through
Devolution Index & Service Delivery Index:
Experiences from Urban India Presentation by DR. KAUSTUV K BANDYOPADHYAY PRIA Global Partnership GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND AND DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
EXPECTATIONS FROM DECENTRALIZATION • Expectations from Local Governance Institutions (LGIs) – Deepening grassroots democracy – participation & social accountability – Promoting equity and empowerment of marginalized – new political leadership – Ensuring access to quality public services • Expectations from Provincial and National Governments – Enacting and implementing legal frameworks for LGIs – Establishing institutions to safeguard the wellbeing of LGIs – Ensuring devolution of Functions, Functionaries and Funds to LGIs – Providing opportunities for institutional & human capacity development GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
ISSUES CONFRONTING DEVOLUTION • Accountability of the national and provincial governments towards the Constitutional/legal obligations to devolve authorities to LGIs • ‘Capacity gaps in LGIs’ – an administrative ‘excuse’ and to hide political unwillingness for not devolving authorities • Objective and transparent measurement of devolution and its impact • Devolution with accountability (institutional and social) for LGIs
CONSTRUCTING A COMPOSITE DEVOLUTION INDEX
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
FISCAL SUB INDEX (F1) Expenditure funded out of own source revenue / total expenditure of ULB (a1)
0.35
Untied grants received/ total grants received by the ULB (a2)
0.30
Sum of tax and non-tax income of ULBs/ 0.35 total own source revenue income (a3)
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
FUNCTIONS & FUNCTIONARIES SUB INDEX (F2) No. of functions devolved from state to ULB as per State Municipal Act/ total no. of functions required to be devolved as per 12th Schedule of the 74th CAA (b1)
0.20
No. of functions for which functionaries have been devolved to ULB/ no. of (obligatory) functions devolved as per state Municipal Act (b2)
0.20
Expenditure on ‘Core Functions’/ total expenditure by ULB (b3)
0.20
No. of posts (with decision making authority) recruited by ULB/ total number of such posts (b4)
0.20
No. of staff engaged in ‘urban development’ functions (with decision making authority)/ total number of staff in ULB (b5)
0.10
No. of functional Standing Committees/ Committees in supervision 0.10 of functions mentioned in the 12th Schedule/ total number of Committees required to be constituted for this purpose (b6) GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT SUB INDEX (F3) No. of ULB elections conducted in the state/ minimum number of times elections should have been conducted since 74th CAA (1993) (c1)
0.20
No. of SFCs constituted in the state/ total no. of SFCs that should have been constituted since 74th CAA (1993) (c2)
0.20
No. of SFC recommendations accepted by the state government/ total no. of SFC recommendations (for the last SFC only) (c3)
0.10
No. of DPCs that have prepared consolidated (urban and rural) 0.20 district development plans/ total no. of DPCs ought to be constituted in the state (c4) No. of MPCs that are functional/ total no. of MPCs that ought to be constituted in the state (c5)
0.20
No. of ULBs with 300,000 and above population that have constituted Ward Committees / total no. of ULBs with population of more than 300,000 or above (c6)
0.10
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
SEWERAGE SUB INDEX (SE1) No. of households covered by sewerage system/total no. of households in ULB or Area covered by sewerage network/total municipal area in ULB (h1)
0.25
Quantity of treated waste water/ total wastewater generated in ULB (h2)
0.25
Total no. of slum households having access to public toilets/total no. of slum households in ULB (h3)
0.25
No. of employees engaged in sewerage operations/total employees in public health/ sanitation department in ULB (h4)
0.25
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SUB INDEX (SW2) No. of households covered under daily waste collection system/total number of households in ULB (j1)
0.20
Total quantity of solid waste collected daily/total quantity of solid waste generated daily ULB (j2)
0.20
Total quantity of waste disposed safely/total quantity of waste collected daily in ULB (j3)
0.20
No. of employees engaged in SWM/total employees in public health/sanitation department in ULB (j4)
0.20
Area served by sweepers/total municipal area in ULB (j5)
0.20
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
Relationship between Devolution Index & Service Devlivery Index 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 DI
0.3
SDI
0.2 0.1
GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
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CONCLUSION & WAYS FORWARD • A definite trend is discernable, however, due to data paucity/inaccuracy positive relationship could not be established for all cities • The process generated constructive dialogues: (i) at the city level between various actors, (ii) between cities & state/national govt. • The methodology could be tried in a diverse contexts (more cities and countries) – with new set of indicators relevant to the contexts • The relationship between devolution & ‘local democracy’ (using participation, social accountability & transparency indicators) could be explored • Some incentive should be in place for ULBs with better data management • The findings should be linked to the recommendations of SFCs GLOBAL GLOBALINITIATIVE INITIATIVEON ONCITIZENSHIP CITIZENSHIPAND ANDDEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY
Thank You GLOBAL INITIATIVE ON CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRACY