ROO1 Understanding Computing Glossary

ROO1: Understanding Computer Systems Interactive glossary of key terms Cambridge National ICT

ROO1: Understanding Computer Systems  Click here to view by

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ABC

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learning outcome

View by alphabet  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M

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N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

View by learning outcome  LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer

needs  LO2: Know how to work with information and data to meet

specified business needs  LO3: Know how ICT can be used to support business

working practices  LO4: Understand how legal, ethical, safety and security

issues affect how computers should be used ABC

LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer needs  Desktop and portable devices  Input devices  Output devices  Software  Storage and connectivity devices  Configurations  Connecting peripherals  Connecting to an existing wireless network  Monitoring employees

ABC

LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer needs Desktop and portable devices  Computer devices  Desktop devices  Portable devices  Laptops  Netbooks  Tablets  Smartphones

Input devices  Input devices  Mice  Keyboard  Concept keyboard  Microphone  Sensors  Specialist keyboards  Touch pads  Remote controls  Scanners  Digital cameras  Web cams  Touch screens  Barcode readers  Magnetic strip  Chip and pin  MIDI instruments

ABC

LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer needs Output devices  Output devices  Monitor/screens  Printers  Speakers  Head/earphones  Digital projectors  Data projectors  Plotter  Actuators

Software  Software  Operating systems  Utility software  Applications software  Word processors  Desktop publishing software  Spreadsheets  Database management software  Multimedia software  Slide show software  Photo-editing software  Video-editing software  Graphics manipulation software  Communications software  Presentation software  Gaming software  Web-browsers  Apps for portable devices

ABC

LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer needs Storage and connectivity devices  Storage devices  Connectivity devices  Optical disks  Magnetic media  Internal hard disk drives  External hard disk drives  Tape  Solid state drives  Memory cards  Network devices  Routers  Modems  Cloud storage



Configurations Office configurations

ABC

LO1: Understand how ICT can be used to meet customer needs Connecting peripherals  Peripherals  Wired methods  Wireless methods

Monitoring employees  Monitoring employees  GPS location tracking

Connecting to an existing wireless network  Wireless network  Network name  Security keys  Firewall settings

ABC

LO2: Know how to work with information and data to meet specified business needs Data capture methods Data capture forms Coding information Data validation File formats Data storage technologies Security measures Data transferring technologies Data transfer speed Optimisation of computer files Back up systems and recovery systems ABC

LO2: Know how to work with information and data to meet specified business needs Data capture methods  Data capture methods  Online forms  Paper based forms  Automated data capture systems  Control system sensors  Barcode readers  Radio frequency identification device  Near field communication

Coding information  Coding information





Data capture forms  Data capture forms

ABC

Data validation Data validation

File formats  File formats Proprietary formats  Open formats

LO2: Know how to work with information and data to meet specified business needs Data storage technologies  Data storage technologies  Local media  Removable media  Remote storage Security measures  Network/computer security  Document security  Physical security Data transferring technologies  Data transferring technologies  Mobile data transmission  Remote data transferring methods  Security data transferring methods  Factors affecting choice of data transferring methods

Data transfer speed  Data transfer speed  Bandwidth Back-up systems and recovery systems  Back-up systems  Recovery systems  Data storage media  Back-up frequency  Archiving  Automated systems  Manual systems

ABC

LO3: Know how ICT can be used to support business working practices  Communicating with employees  Diary management software  Creating and editing documents collaboratively

ABC

LO3: Know how ICT can be used to support business working practices Communicating with employees  Business communication  Remote working  Voice telephones  SMS  Instant messaging  E-mail  E-mail etiquette  Chat rooms  Forums  Bulletin boards  Voice-over-IP  Video conferencing  Web cams  Blogs  Social networking  Remote communication tools

Diary management software  Diary management software Creating & editing documents collaboratively  Shared access locations  Network shared areas  Cloud-based services  Editing documents collaboratively  Creating documents collaboratively

ABC

LO4: Understand how legal, ethical, safety and security issues affect how computers should be used  Legislation  Moral and ethical issues  Threats to data security  Updating facilities

ABC

LO4: Understand how legal, ethical, safety and security issues affect how computers should be used Legislation  Health and safety  Data protection  Copyright  Computer misuse

Moral and ethical issues  Data abuse  Cyber bullying  Worker Monitoring/logging  Cookies  Key logging  Worker call monitoring/recording  Electronic consumer surveillance  Mobile phone triangulation

ABC

LO4: Understand how legal, ethical, safety and security issues affect how computers should be used Threats to data security  Computer viruses  Trojans  Worms  Phishing  Spyware  Adware  Hacking  Denial of Service attacks  Physical threats  Protection software

Updating facilities  Automatic updating facilities  Manual updating facilities

ABC

A and B       

Actuators Adware Applications software Apps for portable devices Archiving Automated data capture systems Automatic updating facilities

Back-up frequency  Back-up systems  Bandwidth  Barcode readers  Blogs  Bulletin boards  Business communication 

ABC

C and D               

Chat rooms Chip and pin Cloud storage Cloud-based services Coding information Communications software Computer devices Computer misuse Computer viruses Concept keyboard Connectivity devices Cookies Copyright Creating documents collaboratively Cyber bullying

Data abuse  Data capture methods  Data projectors  Data protection  Data storage technologies  Data transfer speed  Data transferring technologies  Data validation  Data storage media  Database management software  Denial of Service attacks  Desktop devices  Desktop publishing software  Diary management software  Digital cameras  Digital projectors  Document security 

ABC

E and F     

File formats  Firewall settings  Forums

Editing documents collaboratively Electronic consumer surveillance E-mail E-mail etiquette External hard disk drives



ABC

G and H Gaming software  Graphics manipulation software  GPS location tracking 

Hacking  Head/earphones  Health and safety 

ABC

I, J and K Input devices  Instant messaging  Internal hard disk drives 





There are no words beginning with J

ABC

Key logging  Keyboard

L and M Laptops  Legal implications of data loss, corruption and theft  Local media 

Magnetic media  Magnetic strip  Manual systems  Manual updating facilities  Memory cards  Mice  Microphone  MIDI instruments  Mobile data transmission  Mobile phone triangulation  Modems  Monitor/screens  Monitoring employees  Multimedia software 

ABC

N and O      

Near field communication Netbooks Network devices Network name Network shared areas Network/computer security



Office configurations  Online forms  Open formats  Operating systems  Optical disks  Output devices

ABC

P and Q            

Paper based forms Peripherals Phishing Photo-editing software Physical security Physical threats Plotter Portable devices Presentation software Printers Proprietary formats Protection software



There are no words beginning with Q

ABC

R and S         

Radio frequency identification device Recovery systems Remote communication tools Remote controls Remote data transferring methods Remote storage Remote working Removable media Routers

Scanners  Secure data transferring methods  Security keys  Sensors  Shared access locations  Slide show software  Smartphones  SMS  Social networking  Software  Solid state drives  Speakers  Specialist keyboards  Spreadsheets  Spyware  Storage devices 

ABC

T and U     

Tablets Tape Touch pads Touch screens Trojans



ABC

Utility software

V, W, X, Y and Z Video conferencing  Video-editing software  Voice telephones  Voice-over-IP 

Web cams  Web-browsers  Wired and wireless data transferring methods  Wired methods  Wireless methods  Wireless network  Word processors  Worker call monitoring/recording  Worker Monitoring/logging  Worms 

ABC

Actuators ď‚— An output device which causes movement e.g. the

motor which drives the mechanism to open a window in a greenhouse when a sensor has detected the greenhouse has reached the required heat ď‚— An actuator is part of a control system

Related words: Output device Sensors

ABC

Adware ď‚— A computer application, often free, which runs

adverts. Advert free versions are often available at a cost ď‚— Adware causes problems when it is integrated with

spyware which then poses a problem to data security Related words: Applications Trojans Spyware Phishing Worm Denial of service attacks Computer Viruses

ABC

Application software  A software program which allows the user to perform

a specific task, examples include:    

A word processing package e.g. Word A spreadsheet program e.g. Excel A database program e.g. Access A drawing package e.g. SmartDraw

Related words: Word processor Utility software

ABC

Apps for portable devices  App is short for application program  Apps are written for a variety of reasons and on

portable devices they are downloaded (often purchased) to allow the device to perform a specific task  Companies often release an app to allow ease of use of their website from, for example, a smart phone Related words: Application software Smart phone

ABC

Archiving  The process of capturing existing data and storing it

in a second location for security purposes  Part of the back-up process  Back-ups are stored in the order in which they are

undertaken until such time as the back-up is overwritten by a new back-up

Back-up systems

Related words: Back-up frequency

123

Manual systems

ABC

Automated data capture systems  A system that identifies an image or movement,

captures the data and automatically records it onto a computer  A method of inputting data quickly and efficiently  Often used when a large quantity of data needs to be inputted quickly or over a long period of time  Examples include control system sensors and barcode readers Related words: Input device Barcode reader

Sensor ABC

Automatic updating facilities ď‚— The system can be set so that updates for the

operating system or security (e.g. anti virus software) are automatically downloaded onto the computer as they become available ď‚— It takes away the need for the user to continually

look for updates Related words: Operating system Utility software

Computer viruses

ABC

Back-up frequency  The number of times a company decides to take a

back-up e.g. daily, weekly  If the data is critical more back-ups may be taken  Some companies will take a back-up over night when

the usage of the network is lower Related words: Back-up systems Archiving

ABC

Back-up systems  The method of storing a copy of data in case the

original data is lost or damaged  There are a variety of media available for back-ups and the selection will depend on the amount of data to be stored  Back-ups can be automated or they can be carried out manually  Companies are moving towards third party storage of data via cloud-based services Related words: Back-up frequency Cloud-based systems Archiving ABC

Bandwidth  Measures the speed of the upload and download of a

connection to the internet  Bandwidth is provided by the Internet Service

Provider (ISP)  The speed is determined by the bandwidth available

and the traffic using the service Related words: Data transfer speed Routers

ABC

Barcode readers  Used as an input device to read barcodes  The barcode stores data which is linked to a database  Often used in the retail industry  Some are hand held, others are fitted into the point

of sales terminal e.g. at a self service checkout  A laser beam is used to read the barcode Related words: Input device Scanner,

ABC

Blogs  A log of events posted on the web  Can be used by businesses to communicate with

employees or customers  Often has the facilities for people to post

comments/opinions Related words: Business Communication Voice telephones SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP

Video conferencing ABC

Bulletin Boards  A place on the internet to post information and

comments  Can be used by businesses to keep employees or

customers up to date with news and events  Often offers the facility to reply to the posting Business Communication

Related words: Voice telephones SMS Instant messaging E-mail

Chat rooms Forums Voice-over-IP

Video conferencing ABC

Business communication ď‚— The way in which a business can pass information to

and collect information from employees and others e.g. suppliers and customers ď‚— This includes voice telephones, SMS, instant

messaging, e-mail, chat rooms, forums, bulletin boards, Voice-over-IP and Video conferencing Related words: Voice telephones SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing

ABC

Chat rooms  A space on the internet where users can log on and

chat to each other, normally by text  Allows multiple users to communicate with each

other within the same chat room  Chat rooms are real time Related words: Business communication Voice telephones SMS Instant messaging E-mail Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP

Video conferencing ABC

Chip and pin ď‚— A method of security usually found on credit, debit

and ATM cards ď‚— A microchip is embedded into the card, the user

inputs a number (PIN) into the card reader and if that matches the code in the chip the transaction can take place Related words: Input device Magnetic strip

ABC

Cloud storage ď‚— The storage of data by a third party host i.e. data is

stored by a company away from their own network and then accessed across the internet ď‚— Often used as a back-up device for data, however also

used for collaborative working Related words: Back-up systems Creating documents collaboratively Cloud-based systems Editing documents collaboratively

ABC

Cloud-based systems ď‚— Services which are provided by another company

and accessed via the internet ď‚— These include email and back-up systems

Related words: Cloud storage E-mail

ABC

Coding information ď‚— Abbreviations are used when data is input into a

system e.g. M for male and F for female ď‚— It prevents mistakes through input error e.g. spelling

and also takes up less space for storage

Related words: Data Capture Forms Automated data capture

ABC

Communications software  Software which enables information to be passed

between parties, examples include:     

social networking software chat rooms instant messaging file transfer e-mail Related words: Social networking Chat rooms Instant messaging E-mail

ABC

Computer devices ď‚— A general term used to describe any piece of

hardware with processing capabilities and some form of memory ď‚— Can be desktop or portable e.g. laptops and netbooks

Desktop devices

Related words: Portable devices Laptops Netbooks Tablets Smartphones

ABC

Computer misuse  The misuse of data stored on a computer system  The Computer Misuse Act allows people to be

prosecuted if they access data they have no right to whether it is just to look at or to change it  Computer misuse can be malicious i.e. to cause harm

or carry out criminal activities Related words: Network/computer security Data protection Physical security Physical threats

ABC

Computer viruses  A piece of computer code written with the intention

of damaging computer files/data  Sometimes they can cause the computer device or network to crash  Viruses can be spread through email, removable devices or can be placed on the computer network and will replicate around the network Adware

Related words: Trojans Spyware Phishing Worm Denial of service attacks

ABC

Concept keyboard  An input device consisting of a keyboard made up of

words and/or symbols  Easy to use and more accurate, examples of use include:  

Pubs or fast food outlets Hospital drug dispensers

 They are used because it is easy to train people to use

them and operators do not need to learn prices Related words: Input device Keyboard ABC

Connectivity devices  Network devices which connect the computer to the

internet  Modems are used to change the signal transmitted by the computer to be transported down the phone line  Routers will direct packets of information across networks Related words: Modems Routers

ABC

Cookies ď‚— A small file which is placed on your computer by the

browser when you visit a website ď‚— The users of the website often find the cookies useful

as passwords and other personal details can be remembered saving time ď‚— Some cookies can be used for tracking purposes Related words: Worker call monitoring/recording Worker monitoring/logging Key logging Mobile phone triangulation Hacking

ABC

Copyright  Allows the owner/creator of an original piece of work

to be recognised for the work e.g. music or computer software  Others can not copy or use the work without permission  The Design, Copyright and Patents Act is legislation used to protect against copyright infringements Related words: Computer Misuse Data protection

ABC

Creating documents collaboratively ď‚— The use of cloud technology to allow multiple users

to work on documents together and share ideas across locations ď‚— Documents can be stored in a folder on the internet

and users can have read and/or write access depending on the contribution they need to make Related words: Editing documents collaboratively Cloud storage Cloud based systems

ABC

Cyberbullying  Bullying of people via the use of an electronic device

e.g. mobile phone or the internet  Can be carried out via social network sites or e-mail  Often carried out at schools or in the work place

Related words: E-mail Social networking

ABC

Data abuse  The use of personal or private data for something

other than the intended use without permission  It contravenes the Data Protection Act  Examples could include altering data or sharing with

an unauthorised person Network/computer security Computer Misuse Data protection Physical security Physical threats

ABC

Data capture forms ď‚— A way in which data can be collected to be processed

e.g. questionnaire, online form ď‚— Companies may use data capture forms to find out

information about new or potential customers

Related words Data validation Automated data capture forms

ABC

Data projector ď‚— An output device usually connected to a laptop or

desktop computer to project the image on the computer screen onto a larger screen or interactive whiteboard ď‚— Allows information to be shared with and

communicated to a large audience Related words: Output devices Computer devices Desktop devices

ABC

Data protection ď‚— Companies have a legal obligation under the Data

Protection Act to keep the data of individuals secure, accurate and up to date ď‚— The company must register with the data

commissioner in order to hold data Related words: Network/computer security Computer Misuse Physical security Physical threats

ABC

Data storage technologies  Data can be stored on the hard drive of a computer

or on the network  Removable media e.g. flash drives enable portability  Cloud storage is the storage of data by a third party over the internet  Some companies choose to store data at off-site locations Related words: Cloud storage Portable devices Memory cards External hard drive Storage devices Magnetic media

ABC

Data transfer speed ď‚— The speed at which data can be uploaded or

downloaded across the internet ď‚— Speed is dependent on the provider of the broadband

service and the traffic on the network

Related words: Routers Modems Wireless network

ABC

Data transferring technologies  The transfer of data using both wired and wireless

methods  Sharing of data via the internet/cloud or via email  Transfer of data via mobile phones/tablets using 3g

or 4g technology

Cloud storage

Related words: Tablets Wired methods Wireless methods Wireless network

ABC

Routers

Data validation  A method of checking data to see if it is reasonable

and to improve the accuracy of data capture  Methods include: 





range check - to only allow the input of data within a specific range e.g. months 1 to 12 presence check - to make sure that data has been input e.g. M or F must be entered format check - to make sure the data follows a specific format e.g. dd/mm/yyyy Related words: Data capture forms Automated data capture forms ABC

Data storage media  The devices on which data can be stored, these can

include:   

CDs and DVDs Flash Memory External Hard Drives

 The choice of storage will depend on the amount to

be stored and the portability required Cloud storage Portable devices Memory cards External hard drive Storage devices Magnetic media Optical disks

ABC

Database management software  Applications software which allows the data to be

searched and queried  Useful for holding large amounts of information  Reports can be produced using the results of the

queries to provide information for companies Related words : Application software

ABC

Denial of Service attacks ď‚— An attempt to overload a network with non-genuine

traffic so that the network is unable to perform the tasks it is intended for ď‚— This is an illegal act to try to take down a server

Adware

Related words: Trojans Spyware Phishing Worm Computer Viruses

ABC

Desktop devices  A computer device that has a fixed location i.e. on a

desk  Often found in offices where people are using the same work station all of the time  May be part of a network  The layout of the device often lends itself to large amounts of data input Computer devices

Related words: Portable devices Monitor/ screens

ABC

Keyboard

Desktop publishing software ď‚— A form of applications software which allow the

combination of word processing and graphics manipulation ď‚— Uses within a business could include producing

promotional materials such as leaflets and posters Related words: Application software Word processors Graphics manipulation software

ABC

Diary management software  Applications software which has a diary or

scheduling facility  Can be integrated with a number of computing devices  The diary has features which allows for the sharing of diaries, enabling users to schedule meetings between different employees in the company Related words: Applications software

ABC

Digital cameras  An input device (camera) which stores pictures in a

digital format so that they can be saved and edited on a computer device  Can be an actual camera or found on mobile phones

and tablets  May record still and/or moving images

Tablets

Related words: Input devices Smartphone ABC

Digital projectors  An output device which allows an image from a

computing device to be projected onto a screen or interactive board  Allows information from one computer to be viewed by a large audience  Commonly used in training, conferences and classrooms Related words: Computing devices Output devices

ABC

Document security  The prevention of the opening or editing of a

document by the use of security, usually a password  It prevents the document being opened by users of the computer device if they do not have specific permission  It provides an additional level of security from the password protecting the device Related words: Network/computer security Computer Misuse Data protection Physical security Physical threats

ABC

Editing documents collaboratively ď‚— The storage of documents on the internet (cloud) so

that they can be shared by a number of users ď‚— Users of the document can all contribute to the

editing of the document, allowing collaborative working by people who are in different places Related words: Cloud storage Creating documents collaboratively Cloud based systems

ABC

Electronic consumer surveillance  Monitoring the buying habits of customers including

how they use a company website e.g. average time spent, routes taken to reach a specific page  Customers’ movements can be tracked in store via

the use of RFID chips

Related words: RFID Input devices

ABC

E-Mail ď‚— Electronic mail used to send messages either within

a company or across the internet ď‚— Advantages are that messages are sent quicker than

using the postal system and documents can be attached to the email in addition to the typed message Related words: E-mail etiquette Business communication SMS Instant messaging Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing ABC

E-Mail etiquette  The generally accepted business conventions of using

e-mail e.g. not to type in capital letters (shouting) or not to use text speak  Other conventions may include:   

putting relevant information in the subject line only copying the e-mail to relevant people keeping e-mails brief and to the point

Related words: E-mail

ABC

External hard drive ď‚— A device which acts like an internal hard drive,

however it is plugged into the computer and can then be removed to allow for the transfer of data ď‚— Often used as a back-up device by individuals or

small businesses

Back-up systems

Related words: Archiving Internal hard disk drive

ABC

File formats  Files are stored with a propriety or open format (the

bit after the . in the file name)  The propriety formats belong to a specific piece of

applications software e.g. .doc belongs to Msword  Open formats belong to a type of file e.g. .mp3

indicates a music file Related words: Application software

ABC

Firewall  A method of providing security for a computer or a

network  It controls the data which passes through it  Firewalls can be used to prevent external intruders; they can also be used to make parts of the network more secure  Firewalls are usually software, however larger networks often use hardware Related words: Software Computer misuse Computer viruses Denial of service attack Adware ABC

Forums  A place on the internet where messages can be

posted and discussions held  Forums can be public or private  Some forums are set up to deal with specific issues or

they allow users to help each other e.g. with software development Related words: Social networking Chat rooms Instant messaging E-mail ABC

Gaming software ď‚— Applications software which allows the user to play

computer games ď‚— Gaming software is played on many different devices

including games consoles and smartphones

Related words: Application software Smartphones

ABC

Graphics manipulation software ď‚— Applications software which allows the creation or

manipulation of images ď‚— Can be used to edit digital photos

Related words: Application software

ABC

GPS location tracking  Global Positioning System (GPS) allows a device to

be located through the use of satellites  A device with GPS can be tracked as it moves  It is often used in conjunction with maps and other information to allow journeys to be planned using Satnav devices in cars or on smartphones  Can be used to monitor employees’ movements Related words: Smartphones Monitoring employees

ABC

Hacking  Breaking into a computer system without permission  Usually done to change/view data or to prevent the

system from working  The Computer Misuse Act is legislation making

hacking illegal Related words: Network/computer security Data protection Physical security Physical threats Computer misuse

ABC

Head/ear phones  Output device for sound  Often used with portable devices and smartphones  Can be combined with a microphone so that they can

be used as both an input and output device for Voiceover-IP Related words: Output devices Voice-over-IP Smartphones Portable devices Input devices

ABC

Health and safety  Health issues relating to the use of computer devices,

these include deep vein thrombosis, back pain, repetitive strain injury (RSI), eye strain and stress.  Safety issues include the layout of the room, safe cables and wires, care with liquids near electronic equipment  The Health and Safety at Work Act is legislation which protects workers Related words: Data protection Copyright Computer misuse

ABC

Input devices  The hardware used to put data into the computer  Data can be put into the computer:  manually via keyboard or mouse  automatically via a sensor or scanner  The input device chosen should be appropriate for

the type and quantity of data to be input Related words: Automated data capture systems Sensors Keyboard Mice ABC

Instant messaging  Sending messages to people over the internet or a

computer network  More than two people can be involved in the

‘conversation’ which takes the form of text

Business communication SMS E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing

ABC

Internal hard disk drives ď‚— A storage device located inside the computer ď‚— It is permanent storage i.e. is not deleted when the

computer is turned off

Related words: Optical discs Magnetic media External hard drives Memory cards Storage devices

ABC

Key logging ď‚— The ability to remotely access a computer and

establish the keys pressed on the keyboard ď‚— Often done to find out user names and passwords of

accounts by computer hackers ď‚— Can also be used to monitor what employees have

keyed into a computer Related words: Worker call monitoring/recording Worker monitoring/logging Cookies Mobile phone triangulation Hacking

ABC

Keyboard  An input device where data is input by touching keys

(Qwerty keyboard) or images (Concept keyboard)  Qwerty keyboards are found on most computers with

the same layout now replicated on a tablet and smart phones  People who work with a lot of numbers may have a

special number pad to make the input of numbers easier Related words: Input device Concept keyboard ABC

Laptops  Type of computing device which is portable with a

built in keyboard and touch pad  Can be easily carried and used in different locations  Powerful enough to run a range of ICT applications

Computer devices

Related words: Portable devices Keyboard Touch pads

ABC

Local media ď‚— Data storage which is located within the computer

device e.g. internal hard drive

Related words: Storage devices Internal hard disk drives

ABC

Magnetic media ď‚— A storage device that makes use of magnetic patterns

to represent and store information e.g. internal disk (inside the computer to store day to day information) ď‚— External disks are now available, working in the

same way but have their own case and can be taken from device to device ď‚— Magnetic tape is still used for backing up data Related words: Storage devices Tape Optical disks

Memory cards

ABC

Magnetic strip  A method of input whereby data is stored on a

magnetic strip which runs along the back of a card, the data can then be read when the card is swiped along a device containing a magnetic reading head  Often used on gift cards or ID cards  Increased security means that Chip and PIN has replaced these on Credit and Debit cards Related words: Input devices Chip and pin

ABC

Manual systems  Systems which are started by the user of the

computer at the time they want to perform a function  Examples include:  

a back-up of the computer system checking for updates of a system (also known as Manual Updating Facilities)

Back-up systems

Related words: Back up frequency Manual updating facilities

ABC

Manual updating facilities ď‚— The user of the system looks for updates for the

system or for system security ď‚— It gives the user more control of what updates to

allow than an automatic updating facility

Related words: Automatic updating facilities

ABC

Memory cards • A storage device that stores information in a digital format • Key characteristics include:

• • • •

Small and therefore very portable Re-recordable Store data without power Variable memory sizes available

• Used in a number of different devices e.g. cameras and phones as well as computers Storage devices

Related words: Optical disks Magnetic media

Digital cameras ABC

Mice ď‚— A pointing device that detects movement against a

surface e.g. a desk to allow input ď‚— Movement of a mouse by the computer operator allows commands to be given e.g. highlight a word, open a document, point to a cell ď‚— Most mice now are wireless taking advantage of optical technology Related words: Input devices Peripheral

ABC

Microphone  An input device that takes sound and converts it into

an electronic signal, this is known as acoustic-toelectric  Used in many applications including:    

Telephones Recording software Speech recognition VoIP Input devices

Related words: Voice telephones

Voice-over-IP

ABC

MIDI instruments ď‚— Musical Instrument Digital Interface ď‚— An input device that enables digital musical

instruments, computers and other computer devices to connect to a computer and communicate with one another ď‚— Sounds can be recorded and edited e.g. the sound level could be louder or softer to fit in with the track being developed Related words: Input devices Microphone ABC

Mobile data transmission ď‚— Allowing data to be transmitted across wireless

mobile devices e.g. connecting mobile phones or tablets to the internet through 3g or 4g mobile technology ď‚Ą ď‚Ą

3g = third generation mobile technology 4g = fourth generation mobile technology

Related words: Wireless network

ABC

Mobile phone triangulation ď‚— The ability to locate a mobile phone device by the use

of three satellites which are able to calculate the location of the device ď‚— It enables a company to track the location of

employees who work away from the office Related words: Worker call monitoring/recording Worker monitoring/logging Cookies Key logging Hacking Monitoring employees

ABC

Modems ď‚— A connectivity device used to enable data to be

transferred from one computer to another computer or electronic device via a phone line ď‚— Its job is to convert the digital data produced by the computer to an analogue form to go down the phone line and back again ď‚— Modem = Modulator Demodulator Related words: Input devices Output devices

ABC

Monitor/screens ď‚— An output device that displays computer generated

text and images on a screen ď‚— Mainly flat screen now (Liquid Crystal Display or

Thin Film Transistor), some modern screens are also touch screens

Related words: Output devices Printers Speakers

ABC

Monitoring employees ď‚— Software can be used to monitor employees as they

work through the use of logging or call monitoring ď‚— Mobile phone triangulation can be used to monitor

the location of employees who work away from the office Related words: Worker call monitoring/recording Worker monitoring/logging Cookies Key logging Mobile phone triangulation Hacking

ABC

Multimedia software  Applications software which allows the user to

combine sound, moving or still images, animation and text  Examples include:  Slideshow software  Video editing software Related words: Application software Slideshow software Video-editing software

ABC

Near field communication ď‚— Radio frequency driven technology used in mobile

phones to allow the device to be used to make payments ď‚— Also has the ability to be used as a ticket for frequent

uses e.g. for bus or train journeys

Related words: Smartphones

ABC

Netbooks  A portable computer device that is small and

lightweight making it easy to move from location to location  A smaller and cheaper alternative to a laptop  Maybe less powerful than a laptop running limited

versions of software Related words: Portable devices Laptops

ABC

Network devices  Hardware that facilitates the movement of traffic

around an internal network or the connection of a network or computer device to the internet  Two network devices are:  Modems  Routers Related words: Routers Modems

ABC

Network name ď‚— The name given to a network so that it can be

identified as it connects to other networks or devices

Related words: Network devices

ABC

Network shared areas ď‚— An area of the network which can be shared by a

number of users ď‚— Some users will have the ability to write to documents in the shared area, however other users will be limited to the reading of the documents ď‚— Network shared areas allow for collaborative working Related words: Creating documents collaboratively Editing documents collaboratively

ABC

Network/computer security ď‚— The use of user names and passwords to prevent

people other than authorised users from accessing a network or computer device ď‚— Restrictive rights to certain areas may also be used to give a level of security ď‚— Physical security e.g. locked doors also provides security to a network Related words: Computer devices Computer Misuse Data protection Physical Security

ABC

Office configurations  The choice of hardware and software and how it is

set up      

Individual desk top devices Shared printer Linked to network Individual and shared storage space E-mail account Intranet Related words: Desk top devices E-mail

ABC

Online forms  A method of collecting data from existing or

potential customers via the internet  Usually part of a business’ website

Related words: Data capture forms

ABC

Open formats  A file format used for the storage of digital data  The format is not linked to a specific piece of

applications software and therefore can be used by a number of applications  Examples include: .rtf  .pdf  .csv 

.exe .wav .txt .mp3 Related words: File formats Application software ABC

Operating systems  A collection of software that controls the different

hardware components of a computer  One of the most popular operating systems is

Windows, OS X is used on Macs  Operating Systems are also found on mobile phones

e.g. Android and iOS

Related words: Software Utility software Application software ABC

Optical disks  A flat, circular disk that encodes and stores data e.g.

CDs or DVDs  Disks can be:   

Read only (CD) Recordable i.e. write once only (CD-R) Re-recordable i.e. write more than once (CD-RW)

 Easy to write to if you have the correct drive  Portable Storage devices

Related words: Magnetic media

Memory cards ABC

Output devices  A piece of hardware which conveys the text,

graphics, video or sound from a computer  Examples of output devices include:      

Monitor Printer Speakers and headphones Digital projector Plotter Actuator

Input devices

Related words: Monitor/screens Printers Speakers Plotter Actuators

Digital projectors ABC

Paper based forms  A manual method of capturing data in preparation

for processing on a computer device  The form is filled in on paper e.g. a questionnaire or

membership form  The document is then input onto the computer

Related words: Data capture forms Input devices

ABC

Peripherals  An external device that can be attached to a

computer to increase its capabilities, it is not part of the computer  Peripherals can be:   

Input e.g. keyboard and mouse Output e.g. printer and digital projector Storage e.g. memory card

 Can be connected:  Wire e.g. usb or fire wire  Wireless e.g. blue tooth, wi-fi or infra-red Mice

Related words: Digital projectors Memory cards Wireless methods

Wired methods ABC

Phishing ď‚— A way of trying to collect data from people with the

intent to use it illegally ď‚— People are encouraged to give details including

usernames and passwords via a fake website or by following a link on an e-mail Related words: E-mail Adware Trojans Spyware Worm Denial of service attacks Computer Viruses

ABC

Photo-editing software  Applications software to edit digital photos  Contains features which will remove backgrounds, red-

eye or allow the colouring of parts of the photo to manipulate the image  Often used by the media to change the appearance of people  Can be used in adverts to make products more appealing Related words: Application software Digital camera

ABC

Physical security ď‚— Protecting data on a computer device or network by

preventing somebody actually reaching the device ď‚— A method of physical security would be to place the

device in a room with a locked door

Related words: Computer devices Network/computer security Computer Misuse Data protection

ABC

Physical threats ď‚— The threat to data security by the loss of a computer

or storage device e.g. leaving a laptop or flash drive on a train ď‚— The threat to data security from the theft of a

computer or storage device Related words: Storage devices Computer devices Network/computer security Computer Misuse Data protection ABC

Plotter  An output device that produces hard copy i.e. paper

of technical and often large scale computer graphics  Often used for plotting plans or technical drawings e.g. house designs  A specialist printer is frequently used as part of a computer aided design process e.g. where new products are designed in 3D on screen Related words: Output devices Printers Peripherals

ABC

Portable devices  A computer device that is designed to be moved from

location to location i.e. it can be easily carried  Examples include:    

Laptops Netbooks Tablets Smartphones

 Often used at home, school or in the workplace  Can be connected to a network, usually wirelessly Computer devices

Related words: Desktop devices Laptops Smartphones

Netbooks ABC

Tablets

Presentation software ď‚— Applications software which enables the user to

present information in an effective manner ď‚— Formats of the presentation may be text and images

or it may include video and sound

Related words: Application software Slideshow software

ABC

Printers  An output device which produces a hard copy i.e.

paper of a text or graphics document stored in electronic form  A peripheral device attached to a computer 



most companies now use laser printers as they produce high quality copies in quantity ink jet printers are used more for lower volume, the cost of the printer is low, however the new cartridges are expensive Related words: Output devices Peripherals

ABC

Proprietary formats  File formats which are linked to specific software  Examples include:      

.doc .xls .ppt .fla .wma .aac Related words: File formats Open formats

ABC

Protection software  Software which is used to minimise risk to the

security of a computer device or a network  Software includes:  A firewall  Anti-virus software  Anti-spam software Related words: Firewall Computer devices

ABC

Radio frequency identification device ď‚— Radio frequency ID is a small chip which can be used

to track goods in a shop ď‚— The movement of the chip can be tracked around the

store allowing data regarding shopper movement to be collected

Related words: Input devices

ABC

Recovery systems ď‚— A recovery system is used when a system fails or data

is lost ď‚— The data for the computer system is recovered from

the back-up

Related words: Back-up systems Back-up frequency

ABC

Remote communication tools  Used by businesses to communicate with employees

who are working outside of the office  Examples include:     

Voice telephones Social Networking SMS Forums Instant messaging VoIP E-mail Video conferencing Chat rooms Webcams Voice telephones Social networking

Related words: SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums VoIP Video conferencing Webcams ABC

Remote controls  An input device which is used to control a machine or other

device from a distance  Most commonly powered by infra-red signals that are sent from the control to a microprocessor within the receiving device that can then perform the command e.g. change channel  Common uses include home entertainment, children’s toys, car keys  Can also now be voice operated Input devices

Related words: Wireless methods

Wireless network

ABC

Remote data transferring methods  The transferring of data from one location to another

without the physical movement of the data i.e. it is removed remotely  Examples include:   

E-mail Cloud Peer to Peer

Related words: E-mail Cloud storage

ABC

Remote storage  The storage of data in a location away from the

computer network  Cloud storage is an example of remote storage  It can be used for back-up or for collaborative

working Related words: Back-up frequency Back-up systems Cloud storage Editing documents collaboratively Creating documents collaboratively

ABC

Remote working  Working away from the office, but remaining

connected via the internet or via computer devices  Some companies set up extranet sites or clouds which allow users to log into the company documents when working away from the office  Some workers are able to work from home via connections which allows them to access the company software and replicates a company workstation Related words: Computer devices Cloud Storage

ABC

Removable media  Storage which can be removed from the computing

device, often used as a way of transferring data or as a back-up  Examples include  External hard drives  Flash memory Related words: Back-up systems External hard drive Storage devices

ABC

Routers  A connectivity device that moves packets of data

around a network  On the internet it acts to direct traffic (data) to the

correct location (address)  Often used to move web pages and email between a

small office or home to the ISP Related words: Peripherals Modems ABC

Scanners  An input device that optically scans images,

printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image  With the correct software they will scan text and

allow it to be edited  Scanners can be desktop or handheld Related words: Input device Barcode readers ABC

Secure data transferring methods ď‚— Data, especially of a sensitive nature, should be

transferred in a secure way ď‚— Data encryption is a security method which jumbles

the data so that it can only be read by the people with the code to read it Related words: Computer devices Network/computer security Computer Misuse Data protection

ABC

Security keys ď‚— A code used when connecting a computing device to

a wireless network ď‚— It acts in the same way as a password to only enable

devices to be attached when the key is known

Related words: Computer devices Wireless network

ABC

Sensors  An input device that receives and responds to a

physical signal e.g. touch, movement, weight  Sensors are useful for the input of large amounts of data or capturing data over a period of time  Examples of use include: 



Sensors might capture data on temperature which is then used to control the turning on and off of heaters Pressure sensors might be used to record the number of vehicles passing a certain point or to control traffic lights Related words: Input devices Actuators ABC

Shared access locations  Locations which allow documents to be shared  Access to the documents can be read-only or users

may have permission to edit (write)  Shared access locations may be on a network or

across the internet (Cloud) allowing collaborative working Related words: Cloud-based services Network shared areas

ABC

Slideshow software  Applications software which allows a presentation to

be prepared over a number of slides  The slides can then run manually or automatically

depending on the intended audience  Slide show software can also be used interactively

Related words: Application software Presentation software

ABC

Smartphones  A portable computer device integrated into a

phone  Smartphones are based on a mobile phone but contain a lot more features, including:   

camera internet access PDA (personal digital assistant) facilities Related words: Portable devices Touchscreens

ABC

SMS  Short Message Service (SMS) is a way of sending text

between two mobile phones (texting)  SMS has been developed to allow the sending of

messages from a website to a mobile phone  Some voice telephones will accept text messages,

converting them into a voice message Related words: Voice telephones Business communication Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing

ABC

Social networking  A web site with members who have a personal space  Members upload information about themselves

including photos  Other members ‘friends’ can follow what is updated

and can communicate with each other via the pages or internal instant messaging Related words: Voice telephones Business communication SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing Instant Messaging ABC

Software  The collection of computer instructions and data that

tells a computer what to do and how to do it  Anything that can be stored in electronic format can be termed software  There are three categories of software:   

Operating Utility Applications Related words: Applications software Utility software Operating systems ABC

Solid state drives (SSD)  A storage device built from electronic circuitry with

no moving components  Often used for ROM or RAM  Flash devices/memory cards are also SSD  3 advantages of SSD are:   

Less power used Fast data access High reliability Related words: Storage devices Memory cards ABC

Speakers ď‚— An output device which enables a computer to

output sound e.g. spoken text, music or action noises ď‚— Can be integrated into the computer device or high

quality speakers can be added as a peripheral

Related words: Output devices Peripherals

ABC

Specialist keyboards  Keyboards (input devices) which are designed for

specific use  Examples include:  Concept keyboard  Braille keyboard  Numeric keyboard Related words: Input Devices Keyboard

ABC

Spreadsheets ď‚— Applications software which uses functions and

formula to carry out calculations or analyse data ď‚— Also used for the presentation of data in graphical

format

Related words: Applications software

ABC

Spyware  A form of virus which is installed on a computer

without the knowledge of the user  Sometimes achieved via key logging software and

other times by monitoring such things as internet activity  Can be introduced to the computer through Adware Related words: Adware Trojans Phishing Worm Denial of service attacks Computer Viruses

ABC

Storage devices ď‚— An internal or external computer component that

allows for the storing (recording) of data ď‚— Businesses need to keep a permanent copy of their

data ď‚— The device will depend on the amount of data to be

stored (memory size) and the level of portability required e.g. memory card or external hard drive Related words: Optical discs Magnetic media External hard drives Memory cards ABC

Tablets  A portable computer device which is integrated into

a flat screen  Features include a touch screen and pop-up on

screen keyboard  Provides the user with a range of software

applications, usually with limited features Related words: Computer devices Portable devices Touch screens ABC

Tape  A method of storing data, usually for backup  It is a popular method of back-up as the storage

media is relatively cheap  A number of tapes can be used over a period of time

to allow back-ups to be archived in case a back-up fails Related words: Back-up systems Back-up frequency Archiving

ABC

Touch pads  An input device which is often found on laptops, its

function is to move the pointer around the screen  Fulfils the same functions as a mouse but is operated by the movement around a touch sensitive pad, usually below the keyboard  Integrated into laptops to avoid having to carry and attach a peripheral i.e. a mouse Related words: Input devices Peripherals

ABC

Touch screens  Screens which also act as an input device  They allow the user to make selections by touching

the screen using either their finger or a stylus  Often found on smartphones, tablets and also on

screens used as information points e.g. tourist information or estate agents Related words: Input devices Smartphones ABC

Trojans ď‚— A Trojan is a piece of software which is often

downloaded unintentionally via another piece of software e.g. a game ď‚— The Trojan software may be key logging or another

form of spyware which is then used to obtain information Related words: Key logging Adware Trojans Spyware Phishing Worm Denial of service attacks Computer Viruses

ABC

Utility software  A piece of software which is used by the computer

device for a specific purpose e.g. compression of files, back-up and computer security  Each tools does a specific job e.g.  Anti-virus software  Disk compression  File managers Related words: Computer devices Software Back-up systems

ABC

Video conferencing  Makes it possible to hold a meeting across two

different locations with the use of sound and image  The meeting is held across the internet  Video conferencing is also used for teaching/training

courses Business communication

Related Words: SMS Instant messaging E-mail Voice-over-IP

ABC

Chat rooms

Video-editing software ď‚— Applications software which allows the editing of

moving image and sound ď‚— Used to make movies or edit animations

Related words: Application software

ABC

Voice telephones  A communications device which just transmits a

person’s voice  Often used in organisations to allow communications with customers and other people outside the office and internally between offices  Voice telephones do not allow other forms of communications Related words: Business communication SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice-over-IP Video conferencing

ABC

Voice-over-IP  Allows the transmission of your voice over the internet,

making it possible to make ‘phone calls’ using your broadband connection, an example of VoIP is Skype  The cost is free to people who have broadband, making it popular with people who want to make long distance calls  Input and output devices e.g. microphone and headphones are also needed Related words: Microphone Head/ear phones Business communication SMS Instant messaging E-mail Chat rooms Forums Bulletin boards Voice telephones Video conferencing ABC

Web cams  This is a video camera which is used to transmit

real time images to a computer or computer network  Often used in video conferencing or by services such as Skype (see VoIP)  Other popular uses include security surveillance, video broadcasting and recording social videos

Input devices

Related words: Voice-over-IP Video Conferencing ABC

Web-browsers ď‚— Applications software which allows the user to read

and navigate web pages ď‚— The software has features which allow you to

bookmark you favourite webpages and you can also view your surfing history

Related words: Applications software

ABC

Wired methods  Peripherals such as printers can be connected to a

host computer via a cable (wire)  Industry standard methods have been introduced to ensure compatibility between a wide range of devices e.g. printers, cameras, storage devices etc.  Methods include:  

USB Firewire Applications software

Related words: Peripherals Wireless methods Wireless network ABC

Routers

Wireless methods  Peripherals such as printers can be connected to a

host computer via wireless technology i.e. there is no physical connection between the peripheral and the host  Examples of wireless technology include:   

Bluetooth Wi-fi Infra-red Related words: Peripherals Portable devices Wired methods Routers Wireless network

ABC

Wireless network  A network which transmits data via radio frequency,

more commonly known as Wi-Fi  Wireless networks are often set up to allow portable devices to join, examples of places include:   

Cafes Train stations Hotels

Portable devices

Related words: Wired methods Wireless methods

ABC

Routers

Word processors ď‚— A type of application software which allows the user

to create documents such as letters and reports ď‚— The application allows some desktop publishing and

also will integrate with other software applications

Related words: Desktop publishing software Application software

ABC

Worker call monitoring/recording ď‚— Use of computer software to monitor how a phone

system is being used ď‚— It records such things as the numbers phoned and

the length of time of calls

Related words: Worker monitoring/logging Cookies Monitoring employees Key logging Mobile phone triangulation Hacking

ABC

Worker monitoring/logging ď‚— The use of computer software to log what software or

internet sites have been used by a user and how long for ď‚— Determines the work rate of the user and also misuse

of work time ď‚— Often used for home workers or in call centres Related words: Worker call monitoring/recording Cookies Monitoring employees Key logging Mobile phone triangulation Hacking

ABC

Worm ď‚— A form of malware which replicates itself ď‚— It often acts in a similar way to a virus, however it

does not need to attach itself to a program to work

Related words: Adware Trojans Spyware Phishing Denial of service attacks Computer Viruses

ABC