Start Up In Taiga
author: supervisor:
Tatiana Skorduli ID 882634 | 10565819
Prof. Matteo Umberto Poli
002
‘Even in Siberia there is happiness’
Anton Chekhov
003
004
Start Up In Taiga
006
INDEX
Introduction
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Global forest and taiga Intact forest landscape Land use and monotowns Concept Case study survey Design principle | Shelter Design proposal | Growing Design proposal | Sprawling Appendix
009 012 022 032 052 056 084 148 165 170
009
Created by Filippo Lessio from the Noun Project
010
Intro
011
012
It is time to re-discover the Siberian taiga, not with the aim of conquering and extracting resources, but with the aim of pro tecting and preserving the valuable taiga landscape. The taiga forest is a national and global heritage, but thanks to global sat ellite monitoring, the transformation of the Russian forest into a huge conveyor for the destruction of intact landscapes is obvi ous. The irreversible process takes place in remote uninhabited territories, pursuing exclusively economic and exploitative goals.
Today the russian forest sector, destroyed after the collapse of the USSR and rapidly recovering, is facing a unique historic opportunity for the creation of a fundamentally new forest sector. The new forestry, in my opinion, will be able to establish a new relationship with the forest, pushing it beyond the realm of ex traction and industry towards coexistence. New forestry as a new identity of uninhabited Siberian territories, raising awareness of sustainable landscapes approaches and thinking, creating shared values and establishing a dialogue between nature and industry.
The aim of the project is a scenario for the settlement in the taiga on the territories traversed by industry in order to restore, main tain and create a protective belt, which, due to intensive forest use, will ensure the preservation of valuable landscapes and provide the industry with wood. Intensive forestry is based on innovations and technologies, new techniques and advanced knowledge. In my project, I try to arrange the life of a forest(ry) community in a landscape without harming the ecosystem, but fully adapting to it.
013
Chapter I
014
Global forest and taiga
015
Forests cover nearly 1/3 of the global land area
45% 27% 16% 11%
tropical taiga temperate subtropical
World Forest
016
Taiga covers 11.5% of the global land area
Taiga World Forest
Russia Canada Alaska Finland Norway Sweden
50° N 70° N 017
60% of Russia
taiga mountains
Taiga
018
from Russian тайга́ taj·gá
from South Siberian Turkic - “coniferous forests” or alternatively Yakut “taiga” - “untraversable forest”
Taiga generally referred to a boreal forest in high-latitude re gions of Canada, Russia and Alaska. It is a biome character ized by coniferous forests, a very low population density and low human impacts. It has large areas of unmanaged forests.
Biome
019
Percentage of Forest Cover 020
0.1 95 %
GDP
1.5%
The considerable potential of Russian forests is underutilized. Russian forest sec tor has still not taken a worthy place in either the global economy or in the national:
Share of the global trade in overall forest products is 3%
Share of forest industry in the GDP is 1.5%
Largest wood reserves:
Highest timber harvesting volumes:
Forest Sector
021
022
The romantic notion of the Russian forest as an unbroken band of boundless wilderness is a myth. In reality, the taiga consists of frag ments of wilderness, separated by areas affected by modern land use. No systematic study that assesses the degree to which the for est zone of Russia is still intact in a natural state has ever been completed. The remaining areas of intact wilderness are general ly regarded as a virtually unlimited reserve of exploitable resources.
023
Chapter II
024
Intact Forest Landscape
025
26% of total forest area of Russia
taiga intact forest
Intact Forest
026
Intact Forest Landscapes are defined as those with an large un fragmented area minimally influenced by human economic activi ty. They contain a contiguous mosaic of natural ecosystems, high amount of global forest carbon and biological diversity. More than 80 % of the intact forest landscapes fall in taiga ecoregion.
> 2 km
>500 km2 >10 km
Values
- the last remaining areas of forest that are untouched by modern development
- are critical for stabilizing terrestrial carbon storage
- are large enough to sustain complete systems of biological diversity
- critical for wildlife and species at risk
- provide crucial ecosystem services, such as regulating water and nutrient cycles
- are critical for the livelihoods of forest-dependent peoples
- ability to perform ecosystem resilience to natural disturbance and climate change
- protection against floods, mudslides, avalanches and soil erosion
- the larger the size, the higher the conservation value of the territory
Definition
027
The area of intact forests decreased between 2000 and 2013 by 7.5%
taiga intact forest intact forest loss
4.400Ha per day
Intact Forest Loss
028
029
logging logging road building and fragmentation mining transportation of minerals, oil and gas
the fires adherent to felling sites and roads anthropogenic Threats
fires resources extraction
60% 23% 17%
The biggest threat is forest fires, most of which are caused by human activities related to the exploitation of forest resources in remote are as where the capacity for effective forest fire management is limited. The second most important threat is logging and the construction of forest ry infrastructure, mostly timber transportation roads. Other threats to IFLs include road construction, mining and prospecting and the develop ment of infrastructure for the transportation of minerals, oil and gas.
taiga intact forest intact forest loss
Expansion
030
Protection
These areas should remain protected from fragmentation and subsequent ex ploitation. The average area of intact flrest lost is 0.6% per year of the total original area. The most rapid destruction is taking place in those forest areas adjacent to forests which are logged industrially and which are the most pro ductive in terms of timber resources. If the rate of loss remains the same, in tact forest landscape will completely disappear from Russia within 150 years.
It is important to regularly monitor and to analyse the threats and rates of decrease in intact forest landscape areas. Satellite data provide the most feasible solution for recurrent global mapping and monitoring of hu man-caused forest alteration and fragmentation but it is not enough.
Finding sustainable ways to intensify timber production is an urgent priority. Proper use of secondary forests will make it possible to preserve intact and other high conservation value forests. Good forestry practices are essential.
Mission 031
Monitoring Sustainable Solution
Chapter III
032
Land Use and monotowns
033
Criteria
- taiga biome
- intact forest vs. intense logging
- remoteness
- high illegal logging rate
- low population density
Case Study Area
034
Zoom + 50
035
km 100 km
100 km
agriculture
forestry
Natural resources | Woodland
Taiga forests are located in low-lying areas that were formed during the Ice Age. Agricultural land use is poorly developed and mainly in the south ern areas, the rest of the territory is almost completely covered with forests. 100 km 036
Boguchany Dam Angara river
Ust-Ilimsk Hydroelectric Power Station
100 km
Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station
1st level 2nd level
3rd level 4th level
1957-1964 1963-1974 1974-2012
Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station
Baikallake
Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station Ust-Ilimsk Hydroelectric Power Station Boguchany Dam
662 MW 4 500 MW 3 840 MW 2 997 MW
Energy
the
1950-1956
Created by Yu luck from
Noun Project
The construction of the cascade was the first utilization of the natural potential of Eastern Siberia. The water resources of the Angara river were used for the de velopment of the heavy |chemical|aluminum| mining| and timber industries. 100 km 037
100 km 038
Unlike the pre-revolutionary agrarian colonization of Siberia, the Stalinist GULAG system was an instrument of industrialization. The primary indus trial infrastructure was built by the prisoners. Construction of hydroelectric power plants required the concentration of huge labor resources in the areas.
100 km
GULAG forced-labor camp system
Dal’ Lag Taishet Lag Irkut Lag Angar Lag Bratsk Lag
- 1930’s - 1960’s
4
camp Baikal-Amur railway Trans-Siberian railway
Manpower
resourсes
1 2 3 4 5 1 3 5 2
coalmining | logging| civil construction railway | civil construction | loggingin dustry | civil construction railway | logging railway
The main transport and passenger flow goes through the TransSibe rianRailway. Then it continued north to the main industrial and en ergy centers. The road network and air links connect the three main cities of the region, with a dirt road between the scattered villages.
Ust’-Ilimsk
to Moscow
5.217 km
5h to Moscow 5h to Moscow
100 km
100 km
road | gravel | dirt TransSiberian railway regional railway river navigation flights
2h
Ust’-Kut
1/4h 11/4h 1.658 km
to Pekin
Primary Infrastructure
IRKUTSK
Taishet
Boguchani
Vanavara Bratsk
039
Ust-Ilimsk
The cities of Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk are typical monotowns of the Siberian region, which were built as residential extensions to soviet enterprises engaged in heavy industry or intensive logging. The situation in many monotowns in Russia is very problematic: they are completely dependent on the competitiveness of one company, very inflexible and based on the economy and technologies of the Soviet era. The main labor force was formed mainly due to the centralized system of labor distribution (compulsory employment of graduates | 3 years).
Today, residents of monotowns are forced to leave and look for work else where. Typical problems of monotowns also include: low incomes and living standards of life, obsolescence of the housing stock and urban infra
Hydroelectric Power Station
Wood Processing Industry
Soviet urban planning
Dam construction Infrastructure Monotown
Penal labour in Riussian Empire
040
Problem
structure, excessive environmental load, obsolescence of technologies.
Opportunity | Forest sector | Social Aspect
Extensive unmanaged forest use, when the clear-cut areas are largely abandoned, does not provide the number of jobs that a intensive forest ry could provide. Forest use combined with a full cycle of efficient forest management can provide two to three times more jobs per hectare of forest area. The social functions of the forest, which are the main purpose of sustainable forestry still remain outside the sphere of market relations. In this sense, an extensive forest management model is not socially beneficial.
Hydroelectric Power Station Mining Industry
Civil construction
Soviet urban planning
Soviet environment
Katorga | Labour-camp imprisonment
Bratsk
Monotown
041
Natural landscape 042
INDUSTRY
Human landscape 043
primary infrastructure + energy + human resources =
100 km
Bratsk 100 km
Ust’-Ilimsk
production forest protected river banks reserve forest
IRKUTSK
Forest Use
044
60%
Problem
The main forest use is production forests: the harvesting of raw wood, mainly by clear cutting. In the northern sparsely populated areas forest use is carried in accordance with the lowest standards. Lack of control is also a main cause of illegal logging - up to 60% of the total harvested timber may be illegal.
Opportunity | Sustainable Rural Development
There are not enough representatives of the supervisory bodies of the state. There is a shortage of forest inspectors and foresters, when huge forest areas are virtu ally uncontrolled. To achieve effective control and protection of forests remote monitoring is not enough, control on the territory is necessary. More intensive forest management provides opportunities for sustainable rural development.
The only way to preserve northern intact forest landscapes is to develop in tensive but sustainable forest management in those secondary forests which are currently used and neglected. Sustainable use of secondary forests should be directed at growing more productive forest stands, appropriate thin ning, the protection of productive forests against fires and illegal logging.
Forest Sector | Economy Aspect
Opportunity | Intensive but sustainable Forest Management
Illegal Logging 045
Bratsk
100 km
100 km
fire loss pattern logging pattern
Forest Cover Loss
IRKUTSK 046
Ust’-Ilimsk
High Demand
China, as a world’s bigger consumer of wood, represented 57% of Russia’s total lumber exports. As China’s demand for timber increas es, forests will come under increasing pressure. Timber harvest levels in Siberia have continued to rise, increasing steadily by an aver age of 6.3% per year since 2010. The region’s proximity and ac cess to Chinese markets is the primary factor behind the growth.
Accelerated Destruction of Forest
200 km 100 km 50 km
150 km logging border timeline 047
Ust’-Ilimsk Ust’-Ilimsk Ust’-Ilimsk Ust’-Ilimsk
Export routes and rates
main logging areas Syktyvkar Ust’-Ilimsk Bratsk Khabarovsk Lesosibirsk CHINA Japan Central Asia EU Arkhangelsk
The logging front moving rapidly from the southern tai ga to the middle under the pressure of industrial harvesting, leav ing behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented. 1987 2002 2015 2020
048
“The law is the taiga, the prosecutor is the bear” Russian proverb says
049
Chapter IV
050
Concept
051
052
58°28’29”, 102°52’21
20 km
10 km
053
Patchwork of ecosystems
er increasing pressure. Timber harvest levels in Siberia have continued to rise, in creasing steadily by an average of 6.3% per year since 2010. The region’s prox imity and access to Chinese markets is the primary factor behind the growth.
Ust’-Ilimsk
20 km
20 km
fire loss pattern logging pattern
054
Forest access roads are built for industrial purposes to access natural resources in remote areas. They are used primarily by vehicles en gaged in forestry operations. Typically are narrow with gravel surfaces.
main logging road logging road railway log rafting timber plant
Forest Road network
20km 20km
055
Concept
Community | protect forest area 056
Indigenous people forest area Community | forest management area
Settlements
100 km 100 km
Intact Forest | Protected area
Secondary Forest | Protected area
Secondary Forest | Forest Management area
The logging front in intact forest landscapes moving rapidly from the southern taiga to the middle taiga under the pressure of industrial har vesting, leaving behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented. The logging front in intact forest landscapes moving rapidly from the southern taiga to the middle taiga under the pressure of industrial har vesting, leaving behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented. The logging front in intact forest landscapes moving rapidly from the southern taiga to the middle taiga under the pressure of industrial har vesting, leaving behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented. The logging front in intact forest landscapes moving rapidly from the southern taiga to the middle taiga under the pressure of industrial har vesting, leaving behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented. The logging front in intact forest landscapes moving rapidly from the southern taiga to the middle taiga under the pressure of industrial har vesting, leaving behind a single-used forest, disturbed and fragmented.
Concept
057
Chapter V
058
Case Study Survey
059
Promote tainable ing Vision 060
Escape to the wilderness + +
Protect intact forest landscape
Promote Sustainable co-liv ing
Use Hi-Tech and stay connected + =
Become
Vision 061
a new tribe of TAIGA
Strategy 062
SUSTAINABLE LIVING BEHAVIOUR FOREST WILDLIFE RESTORATION + + PROTECTION
Sustainable Wildlife Management
Prevent illegal logging Pevent illegal hunting
Risks monitoring : fire | desease Contaminants and disturbances monitoring Evaluate quality of air |water | soil Impacts of conservation |logging activities
Forest inventory
Improve forest data: baseline stand |timber information
Biodiversity and wildlife data research Scientific activities International cooperation
Planning Thinning Stand tanding Harvesting Regeneration Seedling planting Topsoil Reconstruction Spatial restructuring - decrease fragmentation Road management - detect and track | reports
Wildlife Data Research and Development Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Identify areas of high biological value Reduce habitat fragmentation Restoring sensitive habitat | habitat of endangered species:
- Reindeer Conservation Breeding - Reindeer Habitat Restoration
Minimising the environmental footprint More sustainable and efficient lifestyle Self-sufficient and self-propagating communities Co-living and co-operation Promoting public participation: locals | authorities | foresters Promoting global participation Productive food forest Eco-torism and volunteer develpoment Setting of recreational areas and trails Arts & Crafts : traditions | ab extra
Assisting industry: forest recruit team for the global wood companies Providing more jobs in forest sector Sustaianle forestry training courses
Natural Resources
Renewable energy - solar | wind | bioenergy Sustainably managing resources Wooden construction materials | techniques
Updating technical forestry infrastructures Using technologies and innovations to: - withstand climate conditions - increase self-efficiency - stay connected
Indigenous communities support Indigenous communities involvement | reindeer breeding Special cultural | touristic projects
Sustaianable living High-Tech Indigenous people support
Impact on industry
Sustainable Forest Management
Monitoring Inventory Research
Control
063
064
500 m 1 km 065
General view 1 km 1 km 066
ub isherVersion 0 66 100 100 Terrain sections 067
Breaking up of large continuous ecosystems or habitats into smaller areas. A small patch of habitat contains less biodiversity of species than a large patch of habitat.
Fragmentation 1 km 1 km
068
Forestry and restoration are not carried out in the deforested areas. Re mote intact forests go under the felling, in spite of the protective coastal zones.
1988 1992 1994-1999 2000 2001-2002 2005-2006 2011-2012 2014 2015-2016 2018 2020
2001- fire
Logging Timeline 1 km 1 km
069
after clear-cut logging forest ecosystem dramatically changes
070
Succession - change in species composition of a community over time following disturbance
Secondary succession - new organisms but soil remains intact from previous community
071
Changes in amount of sunlight
shade intolerant trees form tolerant trees have to compete against such as grasses and
SUCCESSIONAL STAGES in
Partial shade Open
No 30 20 10 0 Changes in tree m/ha years 0 0 1 1 3 3 • Clearcut logging • Fire • Insect outbreak • Storm damage Grasses +Herbaceous plants Low shrub Perennials High shrub Seedling shrub + first pines Disturbance: Changes
adequate sunlight for good devel opment of more shade tolerant re generation without significant com petition from intolerants or weeds Created by Barracuda from the Noun Project 072
|
in species
the middle taiga pine forests
sunlight on forest vegetation
trees out per and all trees against weeds, and raspberries
18
18
30 30 70
little forest floor vegetation. Seed of shade tolerants may germinate but usu ally die within a few years; however, some seedlings will always be present in
70
+
Full shade shade spruce pine birch 073
biomass:
100 100 +
Climax Forest Mature forest Pine forest Old-Grown Forest Pioneer Forest Mixwood composition
Deer forage supplies
Abundance of deer forage
Changes in
0 1 3 18 meadow vole grasshopper snowshoe hare reindeer Grasses Low shrub High shrub
Relationship between deer forage supplies and the successioanl Wallmo and Schoen | 1981 074
30 70 100
Climax Forest Mature forest Old-Grown Forest Pioneer Forest
ruffed grouse brown creeper boreal owl reindeer eurasian lynx moose brown bear
supplies and succession
Diversity
successioanl process as influenced by timber harvest and plant succession. | “Forest management for deer” 075
Terrestrial land cover 0 100 % B C D E fire| 2001 A 1 km 1 km 076
Dense homogenious for est cover without visual disturbances. Large continuous ecosystem
Fragmentation of for est area due to transport infrastructure - forest road. Minimal impact.
Fragmentation of for est area due to logging clear-cuts and logging transport infrastructure.
A patchwork of previ ous logging clear-cuts: different successive stag es - different ecosystems
No forest. Due to natu ral and manmade dis turbances the recov ery process goes slowly
A B C D E Landscape Patterns
Disturbed Degraded Recovering Fragmented Undisturbed 077
Location 0 100 %
1 km 1 km 078
B B A
Control
Prevent illegal logging Pevent illegal hunting
Monitoring Inventory Research
Risks monitoring
Contaminants | disturbances monitoring Evaluate quality of air |water | soil Impacts of conservation |logging activities
Forest inventory Improve forest data
Biodiversity and wildlife data research Scientific activities International cooperation
Strategy
PROTECTION 079
0 100 % C C C D D D Created by bmijnlieff 1 km 1 km Location 080
FOREST
Sustainable Forest Management
Planning
Thinning Stand tanding Harvesting
Regeneration
Seedling planting
Topsoil Reconstruction
Spatial restructuring - decrease fragmentation
Sustainable Supply of timber
Assisting industry: forest recruit team for the wood companies
Responsible timber sourcing
Providing more jobs in forest sector
Education
Research work
BIODIVERSITY
Sustainable Wildlife Management
Maintaining wildlife: - habitat - migration routes - ecological balance
Wildlife Data Research and Development Wildlife Habitat Connectivity
Identify areas of high biological value Reduce habitat fragmentation
Restoring sensitive habitat | habitat of endangered species:
Reindeer Breeding
Reindeer conservation breeding
Reindeer historocal habitat restoration Stabilizing population
Connecting people with the knowledge & skills
Teaching opportunities for institutions in the fields of forestry, botany and environmental science
Strategy 081
5 5 15 15 30 30 years years Unmanaged Forest Managed Forest Unmanaged and Managed Forest Thinnings harvesting Young growth Regeneration 082
Forest Succession Sequence
083
80 80 200 years
harvesting volume * 2 Felling Regeneration
084
+
SENSE OF COMMUNITY withstand the EXTREME CLIMATE FASTER FORESTS
+ art residence | arts and crafts + reindeer breeding
STRONG
MULTI-USE FOREST NEW IDENTITY + + + + + + + + + to
EFFECTIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT SELF-SUFFICIENT autonomous
Sustainably managing resources
protect
economic benefits: ASSIST INDUSTRY Sustaianable Forest Management as a new Identity code Co-living | Co-operation | Collaboration supporting reindeer herders + reindeer breeding REINDEER is a matter of survival of the small indigenous communities of the north 085
eco-tourism + forest food production + educational | scientific activities
double harvesting timber
сommunitiy
LIMIT THE EXPANSION of industrial logging on the larger landscape LEGAL TIMBER responsible timber sourcing + global collaboration
the livelihoods of INDIGENOUS PEOPLE stimuli to settle Siberian Taiga
Chapter VI
086
Design principle | Shelter
087
088
Design principle | Shelter
089
Conditions:
- extreme weather conditions - isolation - logistics and resource availability
Antarctica | scientific activities
Taiga | logging shift-workers
Russian Far North | oil-industry builders
Human shelters
090
Unit: a recycled shipping container
Durability Affordable Eco-Friendly Speed to Build Highly Portable
20ft container 2325 x 5598 x 239(h) mm S 13m2 V 33.2m3
| steel - durable and expected to withstand extreme weather | from $1.400 | recycled building material | most of the building construction is prefabricated | easy transportation
by Gregor
from the Noun Project 091
Created
Cresnar
- use the existing forest road network
- use a forestry vehicle
- use expired shipping containers
Forest Supply Chain
LogTruckTransportation
N
On-siteplacing Transportationbyrailway Transportationbyriver
Ust’-IlimskMill
New wave of logistic unmanned cargo drones
092
External Insulation Internal Insulation
Steel Frame
high safety | protection from external weather effects
Prefabricated Unit
093
Sanitary box Storage Food storage Utility room
Water purifier
Solar battery storage Waste First-Aid Energy block
Acquaponic Farm Laboratory + Garage + Medical Lab + Field Lab + Mini-Bar + Commercial store + Drone Repair add-on Office Sauna Craft room Workshop
Containerized units 094
common ground for the community residents
Pergola
Jacuzzi
Playground Woodmill Wooden Pathway
Lifted Pathway
House Utility barn
Watching Tower BBQ
Pic-nic area Bridge
Terrace
Treehouse Firewood storage
Fence Treehouse
Pergola
Wooden structures GSPub isherVers on 0 0 100 100
095
Core | Envelope
096
GS
traditional individual taiga settlement a common goal = a common home
raising the house above the ground not to disturb the wildlife not to heat the permafrost
Concept 097
The house adaptates to the environment and dissolves in a forest landscape, reducing the effect of human presence, minimizing the footprint. A perfect human shelter: observe the nature from above and not to disturb it
098
099
Prototype
Siberian hunting | storage shed on the trees
100
Labaz
observe wildlife view to the landscape
human shelter min footprint min disturburbance
Principle
101
Visualization | Ground level 102
wooden envelope
core | containers vertical comunication
GSPubl sherVers on 0 0 100 100 Body
103
Visualization | Corridor 104
Program
workshop
co-working
105m2
terrace 154m2
co-living co-working
154m2 55m2
105m2
co-living terrace
105m2 co-living 105
living unit co-living space co-working space lab monitoring room utility room storage tambour
circulation inside circulation outside
food storage food storage sauna shower toilet block sauna shower toilet block
Floor plan Floor plan
0 5 25 m 106
+2.550 +5.000
+7.450
terrace terrace sauna shower toilet block sauna shower toilet block
sauna shower toilet block sauna shower toilet block
plan
Floor plan
107
Privacy
Insulation
human + wildlife | public
two contours of insulation: external - natural insulation internal - rigid foam human | collective human | private
Visualization |
108
Insolation Ventilation
covered pathway
| Workshop
109
single room single room
Living Unit
110
double room
Living unit
111
Chapter VII
116
Design proposal | Growing
117
118
119
250 m 500 m
renewable automation eco-friendly fuel manual diesel from the Noun Project Phase I 3 2 1 120
second su forest forest roa ne w path forest far
GSPub sherVers on 0 7 100 100 GSPubl sherVersion 0 7 100 100 Shelter 1 0 200 Shelter 2 0 200 m Shelter 3 cession 400 m 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotment silviculture 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Spotfishing 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge s m 1. Sauna 2. Storage 3. Garage 4. Allotment - silviculture 1 1 1 2 2 4 Shelter Shelter 1 0 200 Shelter 2 0 200 m Shelter 3 cession 400 m 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotment silviculture 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Spotfishing 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge s Shelter 1 0 200 Shelter 2 0 200 m Shelter 3 cession 400 m 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotment silviculture 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Spotfishing 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge s 1 1 2 2 3 3 0 200 400m 1 Lot |Co-forestry 0 0 200 200 400m 400m 2 Lot | Co-farming 3 Lot | Co-observation second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m GSPub she Vers on 0 7 100 100 second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m forest second seccession forest road allotment 121
Phase II renewable automation eco-friendly fuel manual diesel from the Noun Project 3 2 1 122
0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Solar far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Recreation area 6 Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Ag roforestr y 1. Sauna 2. Storage 3. Garage 4. Allotment - silviculture 5. Agroforestry 6. Solar farm 7. Touristic mini-village 8. Recreational area 1 3 1 6 6 4 2 1 1 7 8 7 8 7 2 2 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 6 0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Solar far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Recreation area 6 Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Ag roforestr y 0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Solar far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Ag roforestr y 5 Recreation area 6 Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Ag roforestr y 1 2 3 6 4 2 3 6 5 Accomodation 0 200 400m 1 Lot 0 0 200 200 400m 400m 2 Lot 3 Lot second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m GSPub she Vers on 0 7 100 100 second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m forest second seccession forest road allotment 123
Phase III renewable automation eco-friendly fuel manual diesel from the Noun Project 3 2 1 7 100 100 Shelter 1 Shelter 3 Shelter 2 124
second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m GSPub she Vers on 0 7 100 100 second succession forest forest roads ne w path forest far m 0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Recreation area 6 Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 9 DronePad 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m H H H 0 0 0 200 200 200 400m 400m 400m 1. Sauna 2. Storage 3. Garage 4. Allotment - silviculture 5. Agroforestry 6. Solar farm 7. Tourist mini-village 8. Vertical farm 9. Drone platform 3 6 8 4 6 4 8 9 5 7 7 8 4 9 8 4 9 5 5 6 6 forest second seccession forest road allotment 2 Lot 1 Lot 3 Lot 0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Recreation area Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 9 DronePad 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m H H H 0 200 Shelter 1 Shelter 2 0 Shelter 3 400 m 200 400 m 0 200 400 m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Gara ge 4, Allotments 5 Recreation area 6 Guest houses 7 Solar far m 8 Deer far m 9 DronePad 1 Sauna | wc 2 Stora ge 3 Solar far m 4 Allotments 5 Solar far m 6 Container far m H H H 9 8 2 3 6 9 4 8 2 3 6 5 Settlement 125
forester local forester young
forester local forester young
scolar researcher scolar researcher
farm worker plant specialist farm worker plant specialist
I
forester local forester young
eco-tourist
shift-worker lumberjack
craftsman artist
reindeer specialist evenk shepherd evenk reindeer breeder
reindeer specialist shepherd reindeer breeder
resident individual resident individual
eco-tourist group
scolar researcher
IT specialist
126
shift-worker lumberjack kids
farm worker plant specialist
drone mechanic
craftsman artist indigeous people
vertical farm specialist
student student group
family family
resident individual
Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra from the Noun Project from the Noun Project Created by Lluisa Iborra
reindeer specialist shepherd reindeer breeder Target users Phase
Phase II
Phase III
Phase I
monofunction program
harvesting thinning planning reforestation research activities scientific activities monitoring farming deer breeding
harvesting thinning planning reforestation volunteering research activities scientific activities monitoring
farming deer breeding teaching eco-tourism art-residence residence
harvesting thinning planning reforestation volunteering teaching research activities scientific activities monitoring educationaloutdoorprogrammes farming indoor farming forest fooddeercollecting trainingbreeding courses eco-tourism art-residence residence evenki special events recreation areas| hiking air delivery daycare
forestry
Phase II
Phase III
127
M < A j f m a m j j a s o n d j f m a m j j a s o n d j f m a m j j a s o n d
M > A M \ A
observatory farm Perfomance | Calender
mixed-use program
Visualization | Drone delivery 128
Co-forestry | Axonometry Allotment Allotment Allotment
farm Hydraponic farm
platform
road Agroforestry 129
Solar
Drone
Forest
Visualization | Solar farm 130
Bifacial PV Panels
capture more energy from the reflective snow
Axis Trackers ( Single |Dual )
make solar panels follow the sun’s path throughout the day to maximize system output
Azimuth | Tilt
E-W orientation + verti cal position S-facing ori entation 60° tilt angle
Design factors
Frameless + snow-phobic coating to minimize snow impact
Construction
Solar ground mount frame and supports made of reused deadwood
- maintenaning inspections - cleaning from snow | dust
inDhika from the Noun Project Solar Panels Features 131
Robot | Drone Created by
Total photovoltaic power output 108,675 MWh per year
Monthly Averages
15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec
MWh
Capacity 132
distribution of batteries along the body of a house
from the Noun Project
Energy storage Transportation Solar PV
renewable energy from the sun. Solar farm could be lo cated on a clear-cut area
energy block container: inverter + rechargeable lithium-ion solar batteries
of a battery to the home battery system
Mini-grid diagram
133
Visualization | Solar farm 134
Recovery & conservation
Сonservation breeding to support the recovery of the reindeer population
Created
Survival of evenks
Additional habitat
Created
Reindeer breeding as a matter of survival of the small communities of north
Preserving traditions
Traditional knowledge is an essential element to success ful reindeer management
Sustainable Reindeer Management
Reindeer antlers and skins for crafts and clothing production
Human land-use activi ties (logging) create addi tional habitat for reindeer
