XIN URBAN SYMPHONY
ZHANG
PORTFOLIO
1
Dwarka, Delhi, India
DELHI 2050 Dwarka 6.1 Dwarka Water Design Freelance Assistant Urban Designer One Architecture 2014,Amsterdam
working with all Media Partners Indian Architect and Builder Magazine (IN) Radio Dwarka (online) (IN)
Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (IN) Delhi Development Authority (DDA) (IN) Delhi Jal Board(DJB) (IN)
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policy support
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Institutional Partners School of Planning and Architecture (IN) GGSIP University, Dwarka (IN) Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
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network diagram
Dwarka 6.1 is part of the 6th step of project DELHI 2050. In 6.1, at the suggestion of the Delhi DevelVolume of future water bodies opment Authority and the National Capital Region, the team explores the water issues in Dwarka. Addressing the water situation in Dwarka is a crucial step before the Delhi 2050 project can resume its broader scope of the Dwarka testcase, in step 7.
Government
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fin
80% rainfall in heavy rain period (June-September)
Design partners
knowledge exchange and collabration
knowled ge supp projec ort ts
Schools Shri Venkateshwar International School (IN) Dwarka International School (IN)
daily education and
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A: 210 ha x 1.2 = 252 MG B: 72 ha x 1.2 = 86 MG C: 126 x 1.2 = 151 MG D: 115x 1.2 = 138 MG E: 153 x 1.2 = 183 MG F: 105 x 1.2 = 126 MG G: 30 x 1.2 = 36 MG H: 165 x 1.2 = 198 MG I: 97 x 1.2 = 97 MG
Entrepreneurs Green Technology Companies (NL & IN) Khub Chand Tyagi (IN)
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J: 124 x 1.2 = 149 MG K: 148 x 1.2 = 177 MG L: 650 x 1.2 = 780 MG
nearly thirty housing societies in Dwarka (IN) Dwarka Forum (IN)
Land owners
Unity Group (IN)
Hydrology
Ecology & Biology
Comfort & Health
Principles
URBANIZED
NATURAL
evapotranspiration
evapotranspiration
evapotranspiration
runoff
infiltration
In spite of the rapid growth in the rest of the Delhi metropolitan area, development does not come off the ground in Dwarka. This is caused by the combination of speculation with middle class housing, and the severe water shortages. Sizeable areas still stand vacant, and apartment buildings are only partly occupied. Water is key to a future development of Dwarka. As an essential building-block of any future vision or scenario for Dwarka, the water issue needs to be addressed first.
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
runoff
runoff
infiltration
infiltration
Surface runoff
Low
High
Moderate
Evapotranspiration
High
Low
Moderate
Groundwater recharge
High
Low
Moderate
Water level
High
Low
Recovered
Stream hydrology
Natural
Peaky
Moderate
Channel form
Natural
Channelized
Recovered
Riparian vegetation
Intact
Degraded
Restored
Biodivesity
High
Very Low
Moderate
Human thermal comfort
Natural
Hot
Comfortable, close to natural
Water balance 36% 16.2 lpcd
bathing/shower; hand/face washing; (cloth washing utensil washing)
WATER SUPPLY
45 lpcd
cooling tower greywater
Aquaponic garden irrigating water
domestic water consumption potable use non-potable use
Rainwater harvest
fertilizer
urine
waste water
Hydroponic garden
34 lpcd
sendiment tank + living machine
blackwater other sources with high nutrient level
302 lpcd 300 250
Other sources
irrigating water
217 lpcd
private borewells, water tankers, bottled water
storm water managment
200
water pond/ wadi/ vegetated swale
landscape/ open garden
clean water
195 lpcd Other sources 31 lpcd
150
Surface water + Ground water Nature recharge from precipitation
recharge
50 100
WATER CONSUMPTION
150 200 250
plot ground runoff 7 lpcd
roof runoff 26 lpcd
Recycled greywater from domestic use 46 lpcd (85%)
ground water
Sub-surface water 14% ( Ranney Wells/Tube Wells)
Delhi Jal Board 28% 85 lpcd
bathing/shower 29 lpcd
Delhi Jal Board 28%
Surface water 86% (remote sources)
Drinking 6 lpcd Cooking 5 lpcd Utensil washing 14 lpcd
hand/face washing 12 lpcd clothes washing 5 lpcd Sub-surface water 14% 85 lpcd ( Ranney Wells/Tube Wells)
Surface water 86% (remote sources)
( Yumuna River, Ganga River, Bhakra Storage )
0
Water Balance
Artificial recharge
Stored rainwater in existing tankers 33 lpcd
100 50
( Yumuna River, Ganga River, Bhakra Storage )
1
Drinking 8 lpcd Utensil washing 14 lpcd
Cooking 5 lpcd
Bathing 35 lpcd
Bathing 56 lpcd
Reduce water consumption: technical & behaviourial approaches
Hand/face washing 15 lpcd Clothes washing 9 lpcd
2
Toilet flush 72 lpcd
65 lpcd
2. maintenace of water transportation system/prevention of water leakage
-13%
Bathing/shower
300 Face/hand washing & utensil washing
3
7. Choose the short cycle when using a dishwasher and make sure that the dishwasher is full. It saves 8-22 litres water then the regular cycle. Clothes washing
9. urine and black water seperated toilet
12. waterless urinals: for 7000 uses without water consumption
Gardening: 14. careful choice for plants species: xeriscaping, native vegetation (-64% than 100% lawn) collect rainwater to use on your lawn and garden.
Hand/face washing 15 lpcd Clothes washing 9 lpcd Toilet flush 50 lpcd
Leakage, losses and waste: 1. Install a water meter and check regularly to make sure they aren’t leaking (a leak of one drop each second wastes approximately 10,000 litres of water each year).
Floor washing 11 lpcd Gardening 5lpcd Car washing 5 lpcd Air conditioning 3lpcd Leakage and losses in house 15% of domestic use 33 lpcd Fire protection 3 lpcd Community requirement
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Floor washing 6 lpcd Gardening 3 lpcd Fire protection 3 lpcd
Car washing 2 lpcd Leakage and losses 5 lpcd
Public/Community requirement 47 lpcd
115 ha 115 ha
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public green space and unbuilt space 115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain period public green space and unbuilt space 115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain period
green space: around 1/4 of the area If only green space is transformed to ponds, the unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters. green space: around 1/4 of the area If only green space is transformed to ponds, the unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
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115 ha K
Dwarka is a sub-city of Delhi, planned in the early ‘90s Nin order to house the growing population of sections the city. It is strategically located intersection area body close to the airport in South water West drainage system green space Delhi and is planned for a populaunbuilt space tion of more than a million (primarily middle-class) inhabitants.
Societies & Residents
ts
Builders & Developers
E
Total volume of water body in sections:
turnkey solutions
One architecture (NL) Studio Makkink & Bey (NL) arch i platform (IN)
F
Volume of water body = caption area x amount of rainfall in heavy rain period
ort
turnke y prod ucts
Knowledge Partners
B
Amount of rainfall in heavy rain period per ha = 100m x 100m x 0.6m x 80% x 1000 = 4,800,000 liters/ha=1.2 MG/ha
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Wageningen University (NL) LOLA landscape (NL) Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) (IN) Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) (IN)
D D A
Annual rainfall: 600mm
Funding Providers
Outokumpu (IN) stimulerings fonds (NL)
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land-use and public space strategy
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115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain period
public green space and unbuilt space
green space: around 1/4 of the area unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
115 ha
115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain period
public green space and unbuilt space
green space: around 1/4 of the area unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
Increasing water-holding capacity, filtration and infiltration
water circulation in wet landscape precipitation
Retention pond
retention
detention
infiltration
Rainwater
stormwater control
Swale/ Stromwater planter
runoff
Water square
Greenroof/facade hand washing
filtration
Greywater
laundry
treatment
bath/shower
floor cleaning
Blackwater
toilet
Underground Cistern
irrigation
water circulation in arid landscape Primary treatment
Septic tank setting of solids flotation of oils and greases anaerobic breakdown of pollutants
Constructed wetland
Secondary treatment
constructed wetland
evapotranspiration
Subsurface disposal field
non-potable water use discharge to disposal field
recharge to groundwater infiltration
Aquifer
AQUIFER
GREEN ROOF rainwater is filtrated through green roof and transported to rainwater cisterns. BLACKWATER
GREYWATER
RAINFALL RAINFALL
RAINFALL
STORMWATER PLANTER
RUNOFF
VERTICAL FLOW REEDBED After treatment, water is transported to disposal area. It is recharged to the groundwater or stored in underground cisterns.
RETENTION POND
Greywater and treated blackwater from neighborhoods is transported to reedbeds ATER GREYW
T
E PAVEMEN
PERMEABL
RAINWATER CISTERN
SEPTIC TANK
E
ENT ZON
EATM ROOT TR
PERFORATE DRAINAGE PIPE
Excess water STORAGE TANKfrom perforate
ERIAL
BLE MAT
IMPERMEA STORAGE TANK
SUPPLY FOR NON-POTABLE USE
drainage pipes infiltrates to ground
VE PERMEABLE PA
The Netherlands
Smart city: what if...?
GEBUNDELD WORDT GEDISTRIBUEERD
Freelance Assistant Urban Designer One Architecture 2014,Amsterdam
RUIMTELIJKE VERANDERINGEN
STA DS
Andere keuzes of fysieke ingrepen kunnen makkelijk geïmplementeerd worden. Als in een buurt de CO2 niveaus te hoog worden, wordt het verkeer via andere routes gestuurd. As de school uitgaat of winkels open zijn wordt de straat tijdelijk voetgangersgebied.
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AGEMENT AN M PEDESTRIAN WAY
Solar Ro adw ay SPORT
straat itale dig
Een systeem
In 2024, is het openbaar vervoer in Amsterdam 20% sneller en kan meer passagiers meenemen dankzij digitale innovatie.
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- Smart buss top MIT
SCH AA L
TECHNOLOGISCHE ASPECTEN
ILITEIT MOB ZE LO
ANDER GEBRUIK
Er komen veel meer knooppunten tussen de verschillende modaliteiten. Overstappen moet naadloos kunnen, het wachten wordt tot een minimum teruggebracht.
RKTL - HALO , Sm
Dit proces heeft vooral een effect in het domein van mobiliteit waar het mogelijk wordt om de capaciteit veel beter te benutten, zowel van de voertuigen zelf als van de ladingen ervan. Kleinere netwerken en sensoren worden gekoppeld aan grotere en creëren één decentraal systeem. Autonome voertuigen maken het systeem vervolgens stiller en veiliger.
NAADLOZE OVERSTAP
SYSTEMISCHE VERSCHUIVINGEN
it hub ans t tr ar
In het proces van Gebundeld wordt Gedistribueerd is het vooral belangrijk om te begrijpen dat via sensoren en het internet of things alles constant met elkaar in verbinding staat en gemonitord kan worden. Er is toegang tot het Internet of Things en big data om analyses en voorspellende algoritmen te ontwikkelen die de efficiëntie kan versnellen, de productiviteit verhogen en de marginale kosten van de productie en distributie van fysieke dingen, waaronder energie, producten en diensten, tot bijna nul verlagen, net zoals we nu doen met informatie producten.
Nik e
proces
ROL VAN DE OVERHEID Er is (net als nu in Helsinki gebeurd) een rol voor de overheid in het aansturen op een koppeling van de verschillende mobiliteitssystemen. Daarin zullen ook keuzes moeten worden gemaakt op basis van leefkwaliteit in steden (CO2 niveaus, geluidsoverlast, doorgaande routes), maar ook op de wensen van het achterland (welke modaliteiten houden we nog in stand?).
TERUGKEER VAN DE VENTWEG
70
mobiliteit logistiek
smart government modularize urban services
smart mobility
technologie
real-time data wearables
vliegende auto’s
big data / datafication sensoren / kwantificeren
Even iema nd op doe pikken n is o of snel een boodschap veral moge lijk en legaal.
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Autonome voertuigen maken het mogelijk om de tijd in de auto te gebruiken voor andere activiteiten, zoals werk, maar eventueel ook fitness. Voorzieningen kunnen dan ook mobiel worden. De rechtbank of het gezondheidscentrum komt dan door de buurt in plaats van een nieuwe vestiging te hebben.
Doordat de capaciteit en efficiëntie wordt verhoogt neemt het totale aantal verkeer af. Mobiliteit neemt minder ruimte in beslag waardoor er meer ruimte is voor groen, voorzieningen en verdichting.
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CAPACITEIT VERHOGEN
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AUTO NO
KISS & RIDE
Voe rtu ige ne nw e
NOW
schaal
stad
van de ambtenaren in Utrecht carpoolen
Auto’s zijn vaker onderweg, worden gedeeld, of parkeren zichzelf op afstand. Parkeerstroken verdwijnen en de stoepen worden breder zodat daar kiss & ride plekken en pick up point georganiseerd kunnen worden.
Bij de keuze van een woonomgeving speelt de verkeersomgeving minder een rol aangezien alles (met name door elektrisch gedreven autonome voertuigen) steeds stiller en veiliger wordt. De leefkwaliteit van steden en doorgaande wegen neemt daarmee toe. Er is meer ruimte voor groen en voorzieningen.
n trein Heij ert
internet of things
75%
PARKEREN IS GEEN ISSUE MEER
l aa im pt no de or
autonome voertuigen
NALYSE DE A EN
S& KIS E RID
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mobiel internet
VOORSP EL L
technologie
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overheid diensten
HT OP STROM RIC EN GE I
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30
d. er ke ar p ge
1/3
DISTRIBUTIE COMPLEXER
van de vrachtwagens rijdt leeg
Er is nog veel te optimaliseren aan de bezorging van goederen in de steden. Grootschalige distributiecentra en distriparks maken plaats voor peerto-peer distributiesystemen.
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THE LAST MILE
BUITEN DE
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GEBUNDELD wordt GEDISTRIBUEERD
Op ieder moment stoppen betekent een ander gebruik van de bestaande infrastructuur. Feitelijk ontstaat er een terugkeer van de ventweg: verschillende snelheden op één route.
NDERE KEUZ ES DA TA Buiten de stad worden vervoermiddelen passend bij de aantallen gebruikers. Er kan bijna gesteld worden dat er meer aandacht naar de regio uit moet gaan. De grote steden redden zich wel, maar in de regio wordt massatransport omgezet in (bottom-up gestuurde) maatproducten.
sparkeren in Ja Fiet pa n
SMART MOBILITY Digital technology has a huge impact on mobility, both in the modes of transportation as well as in the (use of) physical infrastructure. Technology makes transportation more efficient, freeing up space for other uses. It aims to understandhow to design and transform cities such that future developments in mobility can be phased in. While designing for mobility, working with prototypes and beta versions gives the possibility to adjust a process in real-time.
Examining the significance and policies of Smart Cities using different ‘what if scenarios’ traffic system
logistic
physical infrastructure
transit
city management
water management
Dommelbeemd, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
The regeneration of a postwar neighbourhood to a sustainable urban cell ---- Dommelbeemd district in Eindhoven as case study Urban Design and Planning Master Graduation Project Supervisors: dr. ir. Doevendans, C.H.
ir. Rutgers, R.A. d.p.l.g. Rousseau, S.S.S.
4
5
The issue of achieving neighborhood sustainability is linked to the neighborhood regeneration. The transformation aims to enable the neighborhoods or districts to be more livable, sustainable and adaptable in the future. Four typical postwar neighborhoods in Eindhoven are selected as one district named Dommelbeemd as a case study. This research will study the district’s limitations as well as the potentials on the physical, environment, social, design and economic aspects. To achieve that, the main focus will be on possible interventions from a sustainable point of view. Based on the thorough literature study and site analysis, a pack of strategies and designs are developed for the district’s sustainable future. The general goal for Dommelbeemd is achieving sustainability. This goal is achieved through several methods: 1. Local mobility is largely based on public transportation and cycling. 2. Dommelbeemd becomes carbon neutral. 3. District input and output are minimized. 4. Local economy is largely self-sufficient. 5. The residents enjoy a healthy and happy community life. For each method, a pack of approaches are proposed which can always answer the questions: “What” “Why” “How” “When” and “Who”.
neighborhoods
(food, water, energy, goods, clean air)
consumption
Output (waste, wastewater, heat, CO2)
LOCATION ribbon structure
John. F. Kennedylaand
MORPHOLOGY
Input
New green system *local based eco-cycles *more environmental awareness from residents
Sterrenlaan
Input (non-local produced food, water, goods, air) ring structure
neighborhoods + countryside
landscape
(food, water, energy, waste)
Output (local produced food, clean water, energy, left waste, clean air)
reduce, reuse, recycle
Scenario: Eckart shopping centre radial structure
Heesterakker
Vaartbroek cut ribbon
Ecarkt
Luytelaer
6
7
parking lots
bus line
transformation of parking space
transformation of road green
200m
35 0m
road structure
350m
20
0m
21
22
4
150m
9.5
200m
350m
9.5
350m
150m
transformation of lake green
20
0m 150m
P
P
HOV
9.5
21
9.5
9.5
9.5
22 4
After
Before P
P
2
3.5
2
P
7.5
P
P
P
9.5
9.5
P
P
P
PP
P
P
P P
3.5
2
2
3.5
8
P
7.5
2
2
7.5
9
Green structure of Dommelbeemd
greenhouse field in Vaartbroek park
transformation of backyard space
greenhouse field between the district and countryside
greenhouse field close to Eckart community centre
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11
transformation of neighborhood road
transformation of supermarket square
transformation of collective parking lots
Scenario A: Eckart shopping centre
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Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
OSS_ GREEN SPINE Urban planning and Design Master Project (second stage) Supervisors: dr.ir.Michiel Dehaene ir.Reinder Rutgers Individual work Date April. 2011 ~Jun. 2011
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23
project area
study area
Introduction
Analysis
The city of Oss locates in the northern part of North Brabant province and, as a provincial city, it situated between two relatively larger cities Den Bosch and Nijmegen. In the near future, the large company Organon and the city hospital will leave. The city faces a role transformation. After being labeled as agriculture city, industry city and livable city, what is the new image for Oss in the new era? What potentials and city problems does Oss have? What is the future of the city? Oss is facing a moment to rethink the role and being well prepared for future. The center of Oss represents its origin, core and identity. The city was formed and developed largely on the base of the center. It means significance to the city both in the past and nowadays. After the city expands and the centrality moves, it is time to ask: what does the centrality mean to Oss in nowadays? Does the historical core still represent the center of Oss?
Public space analysis
Functional City After the amenity buildings moved to the Molenstraat, the tension on the street was strengthened.The railway was built up which brought a large number of people to Oss. They city expanded and centerality moves towards south. At that time, people were congregat ed in factory, historical center as well as religious buildings.
Catholic City During the pre-war period, Oss can be called ‘catholic city’ because the public space is mainly related to the catholic religion such as church and relating institutional buildings. At the same time, the Molenstraat was quite important because of public facilities and offices. A tension was formed between north and south via this street. Catholic city
Livable City New type of public space and domain appeared during the modern age since 1975. In that time period, the car is dominative. The centeral area was redesigned to be a pedestrian area which surrouded by parking lots. In that case, people are encouraged to access the center by car. Until now, the center is still like an island floating in the sea of parking lots. On the other hand, the amenties was relocated to better service the people in south. And it becomse a sub-center with culture functions. Functional city
Morphological analysis This part of analysis is focused on the morphological change due to the historical development and planning of the city. The physical central of Oss changed as a result of morphological changes of the city. At first, Oss was formed around a central triangular shaped square called the ‘Heuvel’ and further developed along the ribbon structure. Later a grid pattern was added on and ribbons are cut off by new grid structure .As the city expanded, gradually the center moved towards south along Molenstraat and eventually stopped by the railway track. After the war, the city expanded more quickly, a larger ring was constructed and the railway runs from east to west, right through the city and divides Oss into two parts. In 1974, a group of amenity buildings were relocated along Raadhuislaan, paralleled to railway, in order to be better accessed by all residents especially people living in South. However this particular infrastructure pattern and city structure later lead to failure of this public space.
24
Functional city
Livable city
However, the current situation is not satisfying. Large scale buildings are scattering on the green carpet and the back yard is occupied by parking lots. The space in front of the buildings is open and unattractive. Overall, the culture center is not well functioned as the planner first expected.
25
Project plan Legend 3-5 m 2-3m 0-2m 0m sports field water
Project area
large size tree
Project Location
medium size tree
The area along the Raadhuislaan and railway is a cluster of amenities established since 1970s, containing public buildings such as city hall, office of public health service, library, theater, police office, cinema, high school, church, swimming center, etc. This area is one of the important public space in last decades with high urban potential. In the new plan, it is proposed to be one of the most strategic area for future development as a mediation between the historical center and the expanded center.
N N
0
Design
50
150m
0
50
150m
Bird view of green spine
The concentration of public facilities and wide spread green poses a unique and ambitious gesture for future role. The project attempts to create a new type of park space. Different from a traditional park concept, it is a multi-function and intensive green space with public building and housing tower scattering inside. The landscape is the tool to mediate the scale and arrange the programs. After collecting, combining and reallocating the existing open space, new space and programs are designed according to environment and urban needs.
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31
Gree tunnel & Slope The first task is to connect the space on the two sides of railway. A tunnel with height of 5 meters is designed over the track. In general, the tunnel is both a passing route for pedestrian and cyclist and a place for stopping, recreation and relaxation. Seen from outside, the tunnel is not recognized as a cover but an integrated part of the park. The slope grows slightly and leads people pass over the train tunnel. To make it feasible and integrate the tunnel into the landscape, two actions are taken. First, after the train goes into the tunnel from west side, the track inside sinks for 1 meters and it raise again when it comes out. In that case the height of middle tunnel is 4 meters. Second action is creating a comfort slope for cycling from the ground to 4 meters high. The route for bicycle is designated. On these routes, the slope begins more than 100 meters away from the top. Thus, it ensure the angle of cycling route is no more than 4%. Then the slopes have a natural look and merge into the landscape well. The tunnel improves space quality by removing the parking and railway boundary. Moreover, the tunnel is designed not only for train passing, but also a substation of the old parking lots at the back side. Under the slope at the height of 2-3 meters the space is preserved for parking which cars can access from the main road without going cross the park area.
Old situation
Accessiblity
Legend railway main road secondery road
New situation
bicycle route walking route height change
Pespective on the tunnel
p
ground parking lots
p
underground parking
The second task is to increase the accessibility of the park. The park is open to public on north side while on the south side, road is hidden behind a housing block and the park entrance is missing. For that, one housing block is tore down and the space is transformed into a green anchor in south. Functionally, it belongs to the park but also it serves as a community park for housing nearby. To make up for the housing lost, four housing tower along the railway are built in park environment. Meanwhile, two bicycle routes run through the park which provide an alternative for cyclists to experience the green and meet people rather than being parallel with cars.
Section of cycling route
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32
50
150m
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Unban context The third task is integrate the park into urban context and establish smooth transition. The green spine is connection with city on different scale. The main connection between historical center and south is established on city scale. On district level, industry, housing, spine park and hosptital area work in cohesion functionally and physically. In the site, the network and tthe tension inside is created as well. The east side starting from Jan Cunnen park, connects the new bus station and the street in front of the train station. It provide a legible route for people to access the park or to the center via Molenstraat. To the west, along the railway are public
Legend
City square railway
allotment garden. They are well maintained and gated. These gardens will be open to public and as a part of green spine park, people can walk inside and even buy products from the owner, such as vegetables, flower, honey, etc. It is aim to enrich the park function and complete the green spine structure.
city connection district connection sit connection cultural program city program educational program
The space between the city hall and the office of public health serviece is designed to be a city square which is bounded by two diagonal line. It aims to use the space maximally and also provide open view for people on Raadhuislaan which lead people in naturally. On the square there are two triangle fountain of different size. The steam water comes directly from the ground. It will be big an attraction on large open field, also it can a water mirror reflecting surroundings when it does not work. The square will be one of the most important public domain in the city on which an annually city event or gathering can be held.
recreational program garden program Bird view form west side of the park
Pespective of city square
Pespective of cycling slope and park in south
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50
150m
35
Conclusion & Potentials for future
Green structure Considering the economic and function reasons, the program ‘green spine’ is composed by various types of green which is owned and managed by different shareholders. Diverse activies are implemented into the green space as well.
The role of the central area of Oss faced significant changes during the city development. Today, the notion of centrality is redefined again. In new plan, Oss will expand the central area. In this area, function units will become multi-functional and with different layer of network, it will be an integrated entity. The new expanded center will later be the base structure for further development. By integrating the city, it will increase urban activities on economic, social and ecological aspects. Moving the parking lots away from the center will release the traffic load in the center. On the contrary, the new road system are dominated by slow traffic. For social aspect, without limited area of pedestrian and too much traffic, the street life will be largely improve. People are encouraged to come out of the house and enjoy public life. For economical aspect, after rebuilding the tension between historical center and railway area, some roads such as the Molenstraat will become important again on city scale. Better accessibility and increasing number of visiting people will increase
Municipality owned
Institution owned
Public owned
Part of green is owned by municipality which includes park, sports field, garden, etc. It aim to serve for public and city events. Most of the green space are flexible with function. For example, the green anchor in south play several roles as a park space. As a city park it it provides a large piece of green for the city and the entrance for spine park. To the residents living nearby, it is a community park for daily use. For the students in high shool, it is a nature playground.
The other part is owned by the institutions. It is accessible by public while it can be used for commercial purpose sometimes. For example, the book fair, art exhibition, open air theater can be organized by library or theater. It will be an interesting part of city culture and social life. The financial problem can be solved by charging tickets or getting support from sponsors. Also the facilities for high schools can be used by public during weekends or holidays. In return, the city garden can be used for educational purpose.
The last type of green, as mentioned above is the open allotment garden. Urban agriculture can be an important for future Oss because Oss owns an agriculture background and it provides a sustainable developing strategy for future. This part of allotment garden can one experimental project implemented into the large park.
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the value of the land and flourish the business. New developing opportunities and housing refurbishment or densification will be required inthe center. When the tension reaches the south side, new housing projects can be developed. On the city scale, the park owns key place in future city development. First, it acts as linkage between north-south and eastwest. The spine connected the fragment area and by improving the space quality, it brings dynamic urban life back to center. Moreover, this ambitious design will catalyze the whole city development in the future. For example, later the hospital will leave. Along the road Doctor Saal van Zwanenbergsingel which runs across the park, the empty plots can be developed. Also after the Organon leaves, this industry area will look for a new role Whether occupied by new industry, business offices or housing project, those projects will definitly benefit from the green and multifunctional environment.
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Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
PARK IN OSS Landscape Design Course Assignment Individual work Supervisors: dr.ir.Michiel Dehaene Date Nov. 2010 ~ Jan. 2011
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