SEPTEMBER 2017 Vol. 40, No. 9
www.crows.org
The Journal of Electronic Defense
Army EW Weapons Teams at NTC
Also in this issue: Product Survey: Counter-UAS Systems Congress Takes Active Interest in EW Spending Levels Qatari Air Force Seeks EW Training EW 101: Jamming Ground Signals from Space
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September 2017 • Volume 40, Issue 9
www.crows.org
The Journal of Electronic Defense
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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News The Monitor 15 US Army seeks faster tech solutions. Washington Report 18 Congress takes active interest in DOD’s EW spending levels. World Report 20 Qatari Air Force seeks EW training.
Features Army Brigade Electronic Warfare Weapons Teams Learn New Lessons at NTC CW2 Patrick Derr, USA
22
The US Army’s 1st Infantry Division has been evaluating new EW systems and developing tactics at the National Training Center. The lessons have been extremely valuable.
Technology Survey: Counter-UAS Systems
37
John Knowles
Counter-UAS systems have arrived on the market in response to the popularity of small commercial drones. This month, JED takes a look at systems that offer non-kinetic countermeasures.
Departments 6 8 10 12 45 49 50
The View from Here Conferences Calendar Courses Calendar From the President EW 101 Index of Advertisers JED Quick Look
Cover photo courtesy CW2 Patrick Derr, USA. Contents photo courtesy CW2 William Flanagan, USA.
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CONSOLIDATING
EW J The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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ED has long believed that good things happen whenever EW and SIGINT experts are pulled together into a group – whether it is meeting up at an EW conference, or the more enduring formation of an EW organization or unit. In a group setting, problems get discussed and useful solutions begin to take shape. In the end, when we can share our ideas. EW only gets better and better. This notion was proven once again this year during the US Army’s Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Support to Corps and Below (CSCB) initiative at the National Training Center (NTC) in Fort Irwin, CA. Sponsored by US Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER), the CSCB was envisioned to help the Army further develop CEMA doctrine and organizational concepts. Perhaps the most important lesson from CSCB was that pulling EW specialists together to form EW Weapons Teams (EWWTs) is the right way to go. This approach took EW beyond the tactical operations center (TOC) and put new equipment into the hands of EWWTs who were embedded with the forward units. It allowed the EW planners in the TOC to rely on EWWTs in the field instead of a far thinner spread of individual EW operators working in isolation within their respective units. In the October 2013 issue of JED (p. 48), CPT Kyle Bourne proposed the idea of creating EW companies in order to consolidate EW expertise and equipment within the brigade. Nearly four years later, the Army is experimenting with a similar concept in its CSCB initiative. What is driving this new thinking? I see it as a logical progression in Army EW. The process began in Iraq and Afghanistan more than a decade ago, when the Army began to field large numbers of counter-RCIED systems and to deploy individual EW experts to support the equipment. Those countermeasures systems performed a relatively narrow mission, but they got the Army’s land forces back into the EW business. This was soon followed by the Army’s decision to create an EW military occupational specialty (MOS). Around that same time, when those first Army EW operators (MOS 29s) were coming out of the schoolhouse at Fort Sill, the Army was also upgrading some of their RCIED systems, such as the Duke, on an experimental basis to see how well they would perform against a broader set of targets beyond RCIEDs. It was only a matter of time before the Army would realize that fielding new EW equipment (most of which is yet to be procured), as well as consolidating the relatively new cadre of EW experts, could help the brigade commander to attain a much better level of understanding and generate new nonkinetic effects on the battlefield. Our cover story this month, written by CW2 Patrick Derr of the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division (Fort Riley, KS), discusses the lessons that his unit’s EWWTs learned during their CSCB rotation at NTC. I think in reading it that you will get a clearer picture of what the future of Army CEMA looks like from the ground. Enjoy. – J. Knowles
www.crows.org
The Journal of Electronic Defense
SEPTEMBER 2017 • VOL. 40, NO. 9
EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Publisher: Elaine Richardson Senior Editor: John Haystead Production Editor: Cody Smith Technical Editors: Ollie Holt, Burt Keirstead Threat Systems Editor: Doug Richardson Contributing Writer: Dave Adamy, Ollie Holt Marketing & Research Coordinator: Kent Agramonte Proofreader: Ken Janssens Sales Administration: Candice Blair
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Petter Bedoire Vice President and Head of M&S and EW Systems, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Anthony Lisuzzo Vice President, Strategic Innovation Group, Booz Allen Hamilton Mr. Steve Mensh Senior Vice President and General Manager, Electronic Systems, Textron Systems Mr. Edgar Maimon General Manager, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT – Elisra Mr. Steve Roberts Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo Mr. Travis Slocumb VP, Electronic Warfare Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Mr. Brian Walters Vice President and General Manager, Electronic Combat Solutions, BAE Systems Electronic Systems Dr. Jim Wickes Senior Principal, Survivability, Defence Science and Technology Lab (dstl), UK MOD Dr. Rich Wittstruck Associate Director, Field-Based Experimentation and Integration, CERDEC, US Army
PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Elaine Connell Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, JEDeditor@naylor.com Contact the Sales Manager: (800) 369-6220 or tjenkins@naylor.com Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail oneilin@crows.org. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by
5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2017 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position. PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER 2017/JED-M0917/8374
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SEPTEMBER MSPO September 5-8 Kielce, Poland www.mspo.pl DSEI September 12-15 London, UK www.dsei.co.uk AFA Air, Space and Cyber Conference September 18-20 National Harbor, MD www.afa.org
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Modern Day Marine September 19-21 Quantico, VA www.marinemilitaryexpos.com Directed Energy Systems Symposium September 25-29 Monterey, CA www.deps.org 2nd Annual Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare Systems Engineering and Acquisition Conference September 26-28 Dahlgren, VA www.crows.org
OCTOBER AUSA Annual Meeting October 9-11 Washington, DC www.ausa.org 3rd Annual Cyber Electromagnetic Activity (CEMA) Conference October 16-19 Aberdeen, MD www.crows.org 6th Annual AOC Pacific Conference October 17-19 Honolulu, HI www.crows.org
Leave them chasing ghosts
Seoul ADEX 2017 October 17-22 Seoul, ROK www.seouladex.com MILCOM 2017 October 23-25 Baltimore, MD www.milcom.org Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) October 24-25 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk
8 The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) Industry Day September 28 Chantilly, VA www.afcea.org
NOVEMBER Electronic Warfare South Africa 2017 November 6-8 Pretoria, South Africa www.aardvarkaoc.co.za Defense and Security 2017 November 6-9 Bangkok, Thailand www.asiandefense.com Future Armoured Vehicles Survivability November 14-16 London, UK www.smi-online.co.uk
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54th Annual AOC Convention and Symposium November 28-30 Washington, DC www.crows.org
DECEMBER Expodefensa December 4-6 Bogota, Colombia www.expodefensa.com.co Gulf Defense and Aerospace – Kuwait December 12-14 Kuwait City, Kuwait www.gulfdefense.com a AOC conferences are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events
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OCTAVE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR CA01-2110 0.5-1.0 28 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-2110 1.0-2.0 30 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA24-2111 2.0-4.0 29 1.1 MAX, 0.95 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA48-2111 4.0-8.0 29 1.3 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-3111 8.0-12.0 27 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1218-4111 12.0-18.0 25 1.9 MAX, 1.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1826-2110 18.0-26.5 32 3.0 MAX, 2.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 NARROW BAND LOW NOISE AND MEDIUM POWER AMPLIFIERS CA01-2111 0.4 - 0.5 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA01-2113 0.8 - 1.0 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3117 1.2 - 1.6 25 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3111 2.2 - 2.4 30 0.6 MAX, 0.45 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3116 2.7 - 2.9 29 0.7 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA34-2110 3.7 - 4.2 28 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-3110 5.4 - 5.9 40 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA78-4110 7.25 - 7.75 32 1.2 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA910-3110 9.0 - 10.6 25 1.4 MAX, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1315-3110 13.75 - 15.4 25 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3114 1.35 - 1.85 30 4.0 MAX, 3.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1 CA34-6116 3.1 - 3.5 40 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +35 MIN +43 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-5114 5.9 - 6.4 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6115 8.0 - 12.0 30 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6116 8.0 - 12.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1 CA1213-7110 12.2 - 13.25 28 6.0 MAX, 5.5 TYP +33 MIN +42 dBm 2.0:1 CA1415-7110 14.0 - 15.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA1722-4110 17.0 - 22.0 25 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +21 MIN +31 dBm 2.0:1 ULTRA-BROADBAND & MULTI-OCTAVE BAND AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR CA0102-3111 0.1-2.0 28 1.6 Max, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0106-3111 0.1-6.0 28 1.9 Max, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-3110 0.1-8.0 26 2.2 Max, 1.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-4112 0.1-8.0 32 3.0 MAX, 1.8 TYP +22 MIN +32 dBm 2.0:1 CA02-3112 0.5-2.0 36 4.5 MAX, 2.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-3110 2.0-6.0 26 2.0 MAX, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-4114 2.0-6.0 22 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-4112 6.0-18.0 25 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-6114 6.0-18.0 35 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4116 2.0-18.0 30 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4110 2.0-18.0 30 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4112 2.0-18.0 29 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +24 MIN +34 dBm 2.0:1 LIMITING AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Input Dynamic Range Output Power Range Psat Power Flatness dB VSWR CLA24-4001 2.0 - 4.0 -28 to +10 dBm +7 to +11 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA26-8001 2.0 - 6.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +18 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA712-5001 7.0 - 12.4 -21 to +10 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA618-1201 6.0 - 18.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 AMPLIFIERS WITH INTEGRATED GAIN ATTENUATION Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB Gain Attenuation Range VSWR CA001-2511A 0.025-0.150 21 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +12 MIN 30 dB MIN 2.0:1 CA05-3110A 0.5-5.5 23 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 2.0:1 CA56-3110A 5.85-6.425 28 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +16 MIN 22 dB MIN 1.8:1 CA612-4110A 6.0-12.0 24 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +12 MIN 15 dB MIN 1.9:1 CA1315-4110A 13.75-15.4 25 2.2 MAX, 1.6 TYP +16 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.8:1 CA1518-4110A 15.0-18.0 30 3.0 MAX, 2.0 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.85:1 LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure dB CA001-2110 0.01-0.10 18 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-2211 0.04-0.15 24 3.5 MAX, 2.2 TYP +13 MIN +23 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-2215 0.04-0.15 23 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-3113 0.01-1.0 28 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +17 MIN +27 dBm 2.0:1 CA002-3114 0.01-2.0 27 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1 CA003-3116 0.01-3.0 18 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +25 MIN +35 dBm 2.0:1 CA004-3112 0.01-4.0 32 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +15 MIN +25 dBm 2.0:1 CIAO Wireless can easily modify any of its standard models to meet your "exact" requirements at the Catalog Pricing.
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The Association of Old Crows is excited to increase the convenience of your learning opportunities through our brand new on-demand professional development library! The AOC is making some of our most popular courses available anytime & anywhere you’re connected to the internet! On-demand course offerings currently include Dave Adamy’s Fundamentals & Advanced Principles of EW and Kyle Davidson’s ELINT - Principles and Practice. Visit www.crows.org.
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SEPTEMBER Basic Electronic Warfare Modeling September 19-22 Orlando, FL www.pe.gatech.edu Systems Engineering for Directed Energy Systems September 25 Monterey, CA www.deps.org
Active Denial Applications September 25 Monterey, CA www.deps.org HPM Modeling and Simulation Tools for Test and Evaluation September 25 Monterey, CA www.deps.org
OCTOBER AOC Live Virtual Series: Electronic Countermeasures – Theory and Design October 16 - November 1 6 sessions, 1300-1600 ET www.crows.org
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The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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Counter IED Capability October 23-27 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk Software Defined Radio Development with GNU Radio: Theory and Application October 24-27 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
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Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) System Design and Analysis October 23-27 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
NOVEMBER Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts November 14-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Basic Electronic Warfare Modeling November 14-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Survivability November 27 - December 1 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk
DECEMBER
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Hands-on Introduction to Radar and EW Course December 1-4 Washington, DC www.crows.org Introduction to EW Modeling and Simulation December 1-4 Washington, DC www.crows.org Electronic Warfare Systems Engineering December 1-4 Washington, DC www.crows.org a AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org. 2017-03-01 2:08 PM
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ADVOCACY
Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Lisa Frugé-Cirilli VICE PRESIDENT Muddy Watters SECRETARY Jesse “Judge” Bourque TREASURER Joseph Koesters
I The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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n his JED editorial last month, John Knowles questioned the recent silence around the DOD Third Offset Strategy. Is it progressing, changing or disappearing? Later in the issue, there was a long list of EW accomplishments in the House and Senate versions of the National Defense Authorization bills. Still later, there was a great feature story on improving Naval EW. How do these pieces fit together? The common thread through all is the role that authority and resources play in solving a problem. What do you have when you combine our JED with all that we are doing across the AOC – our programs and our chapters around the world? Our community is making tremendous progress in advancing the professional fields related to EW, EMSO, CEMA, Cyber, and IO. When you combine our JED with all that we are doing across the AOC – our programs and our chapters around the world – you create a process to provide context (tell a story), achieve outcomes (accomplish progress), and hopefully, provide solutions (solve a problem). This is advocacy. We talk a lot about the need for advocacy, and more specifically “education” and “awareness.” Yet, we do not often stop and think about what these words truly mean, and what is our ultimate goal for advocacy. These terms are found throughout the AOC Strategic Plan, but why are they so important for the AOC, and the broader community we serve, to understand and embrace? Advocacy is more than simply talking about an issue ad infinitum or even advancing an issue for its own sake. At its core, advocacy is about cultivating leadership that, in turn, will provide both authority and resources to advance a cause or solve a problem. Cultivate. Own. Solve. So how do we get there? We need to educate, engage and endure. Education is not merely the transfer of information, but rather it is generation of knowledge. It requires discovery, analysis and application. And it must be decentralized. We have so many amazing members and chapters around the world. We must empower them because they are on the ground, and that is where discovery starts. Education helps create context, which is necessary to tell our story so we can effectively engage our leaders and stakeholders. And, we must endure. We need to embrace our proud heritage while keeping our eyes on the horizon. What do we want AOC – our community and the professions we serve – to look like in 2020? 2030? Thus, we need to cultivate leadership. Leadership is more than just senior leaders who understand EW. True leadership is about becoming a problem owner and exercising authority to provide solutions. If you don’t have leaders in the right place at the right time to make things happen, it’s very hard to accomplish your goals. We need to continue our investments in advocacy. It is the only way to understand, confront, and solve the challenges we face in the EMS today. – Lisa Frugé-Cirilli
PAST PRESIDENT David Hime AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Jesse “Judge” Bourque Todd Caruso Craig Harm Brian Hinkley Amanda Kammier Greg Patchke Muddy Watters APPOINTED DIRECTORS Glenn “Powder” Carlson Don Quinn REGIONAL DIRECTORS Central: Joseph Koesters Mid-Atlantic: Jim Pryor Northeastern: Nino Amoroso Mountain-Western: Sam Roberts Pacific: Darin Nielsen Southern: Gene “Joker” McFalls International I: Sue Robertson International II: Jeff Walsh AOC FOUNDATION ADJUNCT GOVERNORS Dr. Robert S. Andrews Rich Wittstruck AOC CONTACTS Shelley Frost Executive Director frost@crows.org Glorianne O’Neilin Director, Membership Operations oneilin@crows.org Brock Sheets Director, Marketing sheets@crows.org Ken Miller Director, Government-Industry Affairs John Clifford OBE Director, Global Conferences clifford@crows.org Tim Hutchison Marketing & Communications Coordinator hutchison@crows.org Diana Lundie Exhibits Manager lundie@crows.org Christina Armstrong Meeting Logistics armstrong@crows.org Dawn Milller Membership and Chapter Support dmiller@crows.org Blaine Bekele Membership Assistant blain@crows.org
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monitor news
US ARMY SEEKS FASTER TECH SOLUTIONS
DARPA RELEASES BAA FOR HYBRID ANALOG/DIGITAL PHOTONIC/ ELECTRONIC PROCESSOR The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has issued a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for a program to develop hybrid processor technologies that can detect low probability of intercept (LPI) signals in a congested electromagnetic environment. DARPA’s Strategic Technology Office is managing the effort, dubbed the All Signal Tactical Realtime Analyzer (ASTRAL) program. According to the program overview in the BAA, “The DoD recognizes there are critical gaps in the national capability to meet the demands of adversaries’ ever-increasing electron-
bust scalable network architecture that is MIJI [meaconing, intrusion, jamming, and interference] resistant and enables secured transmission and communication with Dynamic Spectrum Access, Smart Networking Radios, LTE, and Channel Allocation”; Augmented Reality Situational Awareness and Targeting – head’s up visualization to provide 3D info, dynamic environment updating and cues; Counter Tactical Surveillance and Targeting; Expeditionary Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination – effective multi-INT capabilities across platforms; Integrated Sensor Architecture – “a sensor network that can adapt and task sensors for the greatest effect spatially, spectrally, and temporally; utilities for any sensor to be dynamically discovered and utilized for a ‘common view;’” Integrated Visual Ensemble; Mission Planning Technologies for Small Units; Multi-Spectral Persistent ISR/ Unmanned Formations – an integrated architecture consisting of air, ground and warfighter-borne sensors; Small Unit Leader Precision Targeting; Soldier-Optimized Performance; Urban Sensing for Dismounted and Mounted Operations; and Wearable Devices. The Industry Day will feature a general session for all participants, followed by individual sessions as scheduled. White papers indicating requests for attendance and/or individualized sessions are due by Oct. 27. The solicitation number is W909MY-17-R-P999. The primary point of contact is Patricia Davis, (703) 704-0820, jean.p.davis2.civ@mail.mil. – E. Richardson
ic attack and cyber technology threats. These gaps significantly reduce DoD’s ability to use electromagnetic spectrum resources in tactical and strategic military operations. The DARPA All-Signal Tactical Realtime Analyser (ASTRAL) program is interested in ensuring understanding of, and access to, the congested and contested EM environment of the battlefield, by exploiting innovative developments in hybrid analog/ digital photonic/electronic processor technologies of wideband real-time signal processing in order to detect and exploit hidden EM signals in real time and accomplish high-value military signal intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) applications.”
The BAA further states, “U.S. forces gain a significant advantage when they know in real time exactly who is operating in the EM environment around them, what the adversaries are doing in it, what information adversaries are exchanging and what the adversaries are learning about U.S. forces. In order to have this superior knowledge and situational awareness, it is not sufficient to simply collect radio-frequency (RF) or optical signals—it is necessary to understand in near-real-time all the ’externals‘ of the signals (waveform details, source type and class, signal format, geolocation, etc.) and much of the ’internals‘ of them (the information carried on the signal, possibly encrypted or hidden).”
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
The US Army Contracting Command-Aberdeen Proving Ground (Belvoir Division) has announced plans to hold an Industry Day on behalf of the Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Communications and Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), and the Army Science and Technology (S&T) community for the Asymmetric Vision/Decide Faster (AV/DF) initiative. The Industry Day, to be held December 13-14 at Fort Belvoir, VA, will allow Army S&T leaders to provide initial information on the Asymmetric Vision/Decide Faster initiative, which seeks to identify “current and emerging technologies and/or projections of technology-enabled concepts that could provide significant military advantage to the U.S. Army during operations in complex, contested/congested environments between now and 2028.” The Army is looking to optimize existing investments to support future conflicts and is hoping to include private sector developments, including those from academic and other institutions that may not typically work with the US Army. Specific technology focus areas include: 3D Enriched Urban Terrain – rapidly and cost effectively collect and process accurate, measurable, updatable interactive displays of maps and models; Advanced Training and Simulation Tech – new training technology and environments to rehearse faster warfighting skills; Assured PNT and Communication – “a ro-
15
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t h e
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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m o n i t o r
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n e w s
In order to collect these signals in the electromagnetic environment, DARPA wants to develop real-time wideband hybrid photonic/digital processing technologies and architectures. The BAA states, “By greatly increasing real-time signal speed and spectrum coverage by 1000x or more, the ASTRAL program will enable superior EM signal awareness at the tactical edge with new technology suitable for tactical mobile units. The program will also greatly improve the capability of current computing and communication resources applied to EM awareness. ASTRAL technology will enable U.S. tactical forces, in both traditional military environments and nontraditional environments (e.g. urban and “hybrid” conflict), to understand what adversaries are doing around them, anticipate adversaries’ future actions, and recognize potential threats. ASTRAL will provide an asymmetric advantage, by making adversaries’ EM sensing and communications transparent at the tactical edge.” The ASTRAL program will focus on two technical areas (TAs). Under TA 1, contractors will develop a 1- to 10GHz hybrid analog/digital photonic/ electronic processor brassboard impleth menting a previously developed 4 order cyclostationary (CS) processing algorithm “on wideband signal input approximately 1000x wider than current real-time all-digital processors.” TA2 calls for contractors to “design hybrid analog/digital photonic/electronic architectures matched to high-gain signal processing algorithms (beyond CS) addressing candidate military EM ISR applications.” The solicitation number is HR001117S0044. The BAA coordinator can be contacted via e-mail at HR001117S0044@darpa.mil. Proposals were due on September 5. The BAA closes on January 15, 2018. – JED Staff
tems full-rate production in support of the Expeditionary Warfare Program Office. The JCREW Increment one Build One system is the first generation open architecture across multiple capabilities. The contract options could increase the value of the contract to $505 million. Work will be performed in San Diego, CA and Sierra Vista, AZ and is expected to be complete by August 2022.
IN BRIEF
BAE Systems Electronic Systems (Nashua, NH) has tapped Harris Electronic Systems (Clifton, NJ) to supply advanced electronically scanned arrays for Air Force Special Operations Command’s AC/MC-130J RF Countermeasures program. BAE Systems won the contract earlier this year.
Northrop Grumman (Herndon, VA) was awarded a $57.7 million contract from Naval Sea Systems Command (Washington, DC) for Joint Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device (RCIEDs) Electronic Warfare (JCREW) Increment One Build One Sys-
✪ ✪ ✪ The University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute (Los Angeles, CA) has received an $8.2 million option for Phase 2 of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Circuit Realization at Faster Timescales (CRAFT) research program. The CRAFT program is seeking to develop new fast-track design circuit methods, multiple sources for integrated circuit fabrication, and a technology repository that will facilitate reuse of proven solutions to solve ongoing need for specialized, higher power, integrated circuits. The contract modification boosts the total cumulative face value of the contract from $11.8 million to $20 million. Work will be performed at Marina Del Ray, CA, with an expected completion date of August 2018.
✪ ✪ ✪ SRC (Syracuse, NY) has received a $10.9 million contract from the US Army Contracting Command (Redstone Arsenal, AL) to rapidly develop and deploy electronic warfare improvements onto mobile, low and slow small unmanned aerial system integrated defeat system variants to theater and to support variants in theater. Work is expected to be complete by end of July 2018. In a separate effort, the company is also being awarded a $7.95 million cost-plus-fixedfee completion contract from the Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, DC) for multi-intelligence swarm-sensing research and development. Work is expected to be complete by the end of August 2022.
✪ ✪ ✪ Protests filed by Boeing and Bombardier, which had argued against the US Air Force’s plans to allow L3 Technologies, acting as the prime system integrator, to choose the new platform for the EC-130H Compass Call mission, have both been denied by the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The GAO issued a closed decision late last month, but said it would issue a public release of the protests after negotiating details with the companies.
✪ ✪ ✪
✪ ✪ ✪
Naval Air Systems Command (Patuxent River, MD) announced plans to award a pair of contract modifications to procure up to 60 AN/AAQ-45 Distributed Aperture Infrared Countermeasures (DAIRCM) systems. The Navy will award the work to DRS Network and Imaging Systems (Dallas, TX) for sensors and infrared processors and to DRS Daylight Solutions LLC (San Diego, CA) for lasers and fiber-optic cable assemblies.
Northrop Grumman has won a $7.1 million contract from DARPA for Rapidly Adaptable, Pseudo-lithic, Analog and Digital (RAPAD) Microelectronics Modules for Radar, Communication and EW. With options, the contract value could rise to $16.3 million.
✪ ✪ ✪
✪ ✪ ✪ The Air Force Research Lab’s Information Directorate, Information Exploitation & Operations Division, Cyber Operations Directorate (AFRL, RIGB) in Rome, NY, has announced plans to award a sole-source contract to Herrick Technologies (Germantown, MD) for four Symphony Hotshot Plus eight-channel software-defined radios (SDRs) and three quad-channel Symphony HTLw-TP SDRs for EW and ELINT testing applications, as well as 24 quad-channel Symphony HTLw-TP SDRs for other RF testing. a
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washing t on repor t CONGRESS TAKES ACTIVE INTEREST IN DOD’S EW SPENDING LEVELS
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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In its review of the 2018 Defense Bill, the House Appropriations Committee (HAC) paid close and focused attention on a number of specific EW programs and EW-related actions by the Services in their procurement and research and development (R&D) requests. For example, the HAC expressed major concern with the Air Force’s strategic plan regarding the future mix of fourth- and fifth-generation fighter aircraft. In particular, it noted the Service’s removal of funds for the F-15C Eagle Passive/Active Warning and Survivability System (EPAWSS) from the FutureYears Defense Plan. As a result, the Committee directed the Secretary of the Air Force to “keep the Committee fully informed of all Air Force studies regarding the F-15C fleet (including modification programs) and the composition of the fighter aircraft force, and will carefully review any future proposals regarding the F-15C fleet to ensure that all mission areas can be suitably met.” The Committee also directed that no procurement funds for F-15 infrared search and track (IRST) be obligated until 15 days after the Secretary of the Air Force submits a report certifying that the pods will meet or exceed all threshold parameters identified in the 2016 defense bill report. Additionally, the HAC drilled down to the Air Force’s need to continue funding R&D efforts in deployable and reconfigurable multifunctional antennas. It encouraged the Director of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research to partner with academic institutions capable of advancing technologies with a potentially transformational impact on important applications for military use, such as expandable antennas for satellite communications and collapsible antennas that can benefit ground personnel by reducing the weight and footprint of antennas. One specific budget reduction of note was that Operational Development R&D funding for Airborne SIGINT Enterprise was reduced by $6 million, leaving $116 million, due to “Nontraditional SIGINT unjustified growth.” Similarly, addressing the Army’s RDT&E spending request, the HAC noted that the Army has accomplished significant advancements in “asset-protection” technologies, such as thermal indicating paints, active sensor systems, novel power solutions, printed and embedded sensors for aviation structures, flexible electronics, and other technologies. As such, the Committee “encourages” the Secretary of the Army to further develop and deploy such advanced multifunctional materials and technologies. Noting similar advancements in signature-management technology, the HAC also encour-
aged the Army to complete R&D of its improved camouflage system, and accelerate low-rate initial production of the system during fiscal year 2018. It also encouraged the Army to invest in R&D efforts aimed at countermeasure-hardened munitions that will ensure the Service’s ability to effectively engage targets. In terms of specific Army EW programs, the HAC approved the $105.8 million requested for the Common IR Countermeasures (CIRCM) engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) program and $31 million requested for aircraft survivability equipment (ASE). On the Navy side, the Committee encouraged the Secretary of the Navy to continue to invest in advanced power and energy technology and, in particular, to accelerate the qualification of silicon carbide power modules (a potential technology to power high-energy lasers on ships) on mission-critical Navy platforms. “The use of silicon carbide power modules may be able to reduce the size and weight of power conversion modules and other electronic systems necessary for advanced sensors and weapon systems.” Regarding specific R&D programs of note, the HAC reduced the requested funding for the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) by $4 million citing “hardware development previously funded,” leaving $628.9 million, and the funding for NGJ Increment II was reduced by $10.4 million, leaving $56.3 million, due to “test and evaluation and aircraft integration early to need.” EA-18 funding was also cut by $15.9 million due to “system configuration set development and integration excess growth.” In terms of the surface fleet, the HAC cut the Navy’s budget request for the AN/SLQ-32 shipboard self-protection suite by $7.2 million, leaving $233.2 million, citing “installations insufficient budget justification.” The Marine Corps’ Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) EW funding was also cut by $1 million due to “insufficient budget justification. The HARM Improvement program was reduced by $7.9 million, leaving $80.1 million due to “AARGM ER schedule delays.” In addition to conventional budget line-item figures, the HAC also added an additional $12.6 billion for procurement, and an additional $1 billion for RDT&E as part of the “National Defense Restoration Fund, in order to replace and modernize the equipment of the military Services and defense agencies. The funding is available to procure vehicles, ships, aircraft, munitions, space systems, missile defense systems, modifications to weapon systems and equipment, other procurement requirements, and emerging requirements deemed by the Secretary of Defense to be in the National security interest of the United States.” – J. Haystead a
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world repor t QATARI AIR FORCE SEEKS EW TRAINING The Qatari Emiri Air Force (QEAF) is seeking sources that can help it develop wide electronic warfare (EW) expertise. The QEAF wants to grow its EW knowledge base across several areas, including EW theory, operations, EW systems and reprogramming. US Air Force has issued a Request for Information (RFI) to help determine what industry can provide on an FMS basis. According to the RFI, the Air Force is seeking contractors that can “provide Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF) in-country Electronic Warfare (EW) Training leading to future EW Repro-
gramming Capability. The objective of this training would be to prepare the country’s personnel to be QEAF’s EW experts, to plan EW integration into joint operations, to advise leadership on the proper use of EW, and to be able to recommend changes to Qatar’s EW system programming.” According to a draft Performance Work Statement (PWS), “The purpose of this training is to prepare QEAF personnel to be the service’s EW experts, to plan EW integration into joint operations, to advise leadership on the proper use of EW, and to be able to recommend
changes to their own EW system reprogramming. The focus will be on EW theory as applicable to fighter aircraft self-protection EW, down to the detail of the country’s specific systems, up to but not including, specifics on Mission Data File reprogramming.” The Air Force anticipates awarding a five-year Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract for the program. It is not clear when a formal Request for Proposals will be released. The point of contact is Kacie Varner, contract specialist, kacie.varner@us.af.mil. – J. Knowles
THALES UNVEILS ELIX-IR MULTI-FUNCTION PASSIVE THREAT WARNING SYSTEM
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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After years of development, Thales has formally introduced ELIX-IR, a nextgeneration single-color IR multi-function passive threat warning system (TWS). Developed though a Technology Demonstrator Program (TDP) jointly funded by Thales and the UK Ministry of Defence, the ELIX-IR “provides advanced combined simultaneous and unimpeded missile warning, hostile fire indication (HFI) and 360-degree spherical coverage imagery from a single sensor system.” Exportable and ITAR free, the system is suitable for use on a wide range of rotary and fixedwing subsonic platforms such as helicopters, transport aircraft and VIP aircraft, with a growth path to support fast jets and UASs. According to Thales, the system has been extensively tested in complex scenarios, both synthetic and live, and evaluated by UK DSTL in operationally representative environments, and has achieved TRL 7. ELIX-IR will be available to market by end of third quarter 2018. The ELIX-IR is based on a set of four to six distributed single-colour MW IR sensors (dependant on platform type/configuration) managed by a controller with a removable user data module. The system can detect and alert on passive man portable air defense systems (MANPADS) and CrewPADS, while simultaneously offering HFI of small-to-large calibre guns,
RPGs and other unguided rockets (UGR) that are threatening the platform, “with a timely and accurate cueing of threat countermeasures,” including Directed IR Counter Measures (DIRCM) and ElectroOptical Counter Measures (EOCM). “Due to the low attenuation of medium wave infrared, ELIX-IR provides long range detection and high probability of declaration of these threats with a low false alarm rate. The system also offers accurate angle-of-arrival information for effector cueing and fire post location.” The ELIX-IR system also offers general situational awareness around the protected platform, providing spherical imagery in support of both tactical threat avoidance and pilotage in degraded vi-
sual environments such as night formation flights, take-off and landings, and operations in hostile terrain. A platform fit of five single-color IR sensors and a controller unit weighs just 22 kilograms. French Sofradir group provides the compact high performance missile warning IR detector which is integrated with the cooling engine and proximity electronics. ELIX-IR is designed with an open architecture and is upgradeable to address new and emerging threats. The system is being offered through European DAS primes such as TSA/Elettronica with their Cybele Self Protection System, Leonardo integrated with their Miysis DIRCM and DASC, Terma and SAAB. – L. Peruzzi
IN BRIEF ❍ Chemring Countermeasures USA (Toone, TN) was awarded a $28 million modification to a FMS contract for Saudi Arabia and Egypt for procurement of infrared countermeasure flares in the following increments: M206 - 272,900; MJU-7A/B – 171,480; and MJU-10/B – 45,000. The contract is estimated to be complete by the end of 2018. ❍ Armtec Countermeasures Co. (Coachella, CA), a division of Esterline, received an $18 million contract option from the US Army via FMS channels, to supply M206, MJU7A/B and MJU-10B countermeasures flares to the governments of Egypt and Iraq. Deliveries will be completed in May 2019. ❍ The Government of Australia has formally requested the sale of ALE-70 RF countermeasures decoys for its F-35 aircraft. The proposed FMS deal calls for BAE Systems Electronic Systems (Nashua, NH) to deliver 1,952 ALE-70(V)/T-1687A Electronic Towed Decoy Countermeasures under a contract estimated at $108.7 million. a
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Army Brigade Electro Teams Learn New Les
F
By CW2 Patrick Derr, USA
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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For the past 10-plus years, groundbased electronic warfare (EW) operations in the U.S. Army have relied on Counter Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (CREW) systems and an integrating function of the air-based EW platforms of the other Services. I, and many other Electronic Warfare Technicians, have sought to bring ground-based EW systems back into the Army. These efforts range from the Army’s Rapid Fielding Initiative (RFI) program to requests to companies like Digital Receiver Technologies Incorporated (DRT) to borrow
and evaluate their equipment. There began the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division’s part in this story. I submitted a request to DRT to borrow some EW equipment for my Brigade’s National Training Center (NTC) rotation (17-06) in April and May of this year, the culminating event in an Army Brigade’s training prior to deployment. In quick succession, after securing agreement for support from DRT, US Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) announced that our unit’s NTC rotation would be the third and final Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Support to Corps and Below (CSCB) pilot rotation; this brought additional ground EW equipment to the rotation.
FORMING OUR EWWTS While we would be able to work with and test a variety of EW equipment at NTC, we would have limited time to train on the equipment prior to the exercise. Our preparation primarily consisted of DRT providing a week of training in the month prior to our rotation, and AR Cyber training four technicians to operate their suite of EW tools. This training,
The EWWTs trained on VROD systems at Fort Riley prior to their NTC rotation. (SFC Richard Grant, right and US Army, left)
while short, proved critical in enabling us to use the gear effectively. The Army currently spreads EW soldiers across the Brigade into the subordinate Battalions. In order to enable the formation of EW Weapons Teams (EWWTs) to operate this equipment, we consolidated the majority of the EW soldiers at the Brigade level and formed three teams. AR Cyber further augmented this with two sets of equipment and two operators per set resulting in two EWWTs. The EWWTs consisted of one threevehicle team and one two-vehicle team. The three-vehicle team was centered
nic Warfare Weapons sons at NTC
on a DRT 1301C COMINT system and a banded amplifier providing a communications electronic attack (EA) and electronic support (ES) capability, with the two outstations designed to conduct ES with a DRT 8210 (a DRT 1301C integrated with a direction finding system) and a DRT Pack (a manpack version of the DRT 8210). The design enabled the three elements to coordinate to achieve cuts and fixes on opposition force (OPFOR) emitters. We used a manual method of “map and grease pencil” to calculate cuts and fixes, with FM radio linking the three
nodes. A control node used a satellitebased system to communicate back to the headquarters via text. This design proved itself, and provided a good combination of simplicity, situational awareness and command and control. The second EWWT consisted of two nodes each operating a Saber Fury system (AN/ VLQ-12(V)5 EA) and VROD (Versatile Radio Observation and Direction) packable ES system. The second team only had FM for communications, which proved to be a limitation, but used the MPU4 Wave relay system between their VRODs pro-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
EWWTs relied, in part, on vehicle-mounted COMINT systems.
viding automated coordination for cuts, and could also generate an ellipse of the calculated emitter location. The teams had success in counter-unmanned aerial system (CUAS), direction finding (DF) VHF and UHF emitters, and jamming VHF and UHF emitters. The primary training and test concept we worked at home station, and NTC was to provide an approximate location of an OPFOR emitter to a UAS or observer for follow-on action by friendly forces. A control element would receive the location of the ES nodes via FM radio and map them out. Once the ES nodes began to receive lines of bearing (LOBs), the control would draw out the LOBs on the map and call up the approximate cross section over FM to a UAS operator. The UAS would then look to confirm the target. This TTP proved effective, but we encountered a significant limitation — line of sight proved to be one of our greatest challenges. We mounted our antennas on backpacks with short (under 6 feet) masts or on vehicles. The lack of masts for antennas greatly limited the ability of our ES systems to gain good line of sight (LOS). We also tested a CUAS concept, which proved to be a valuable experiment. Our ES nodes would see the UAS in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) prior to visual acquisition, enabling the Brigade to respond more quickly. Further, jamming the OPFOR UAS meant it could be defeated with high certainty. A key lesson from this experiment was that a general-purpose EA system with separate ES nodes could provide an effective CUAS platform that was agile enough to defeat future threats, and able to detect and jam other threats as well. The
23
multi-role EWWT concept enables the Brigade to be more agile than fielding problem-specific EW equipment.
ELECTRONIC ATTACK LESSONS NTC allows for an environment where we can use live jamming, and OPFOR is able to confirm or deny effectiveness. EA, however, proved to be a mixed story. While the software defined radios (SDRs) that are the heart of these EW systems proved capable, some other components that we fielded for this test proved less than ideal. The lack of masts to provide LOS was problematic for EA, as well as ES. DRT brought a 300Watt amplifier, but Saber Fury lacked the amplifier. The amplifier, while necessary, is not enough. The lack of high-gain directional antennas was the central limiting factor for employing EA. A high-gain directional antenna on a 10-meter mast with a 100-Watt (or more) amplifier would have given us an EA system with the power to defeat tactical systems while also providing the standoff range needed to increase survivability.
EW specialists were also trained on DRT equipment prior to their NTC rotation.
What we did field at NTC consisted of vehicle-mounted antennas with base heights between four and ten feet. We used directional high-gain antennas for the 1500 MHz- through 2500-MHz range, but we lacked such equipment for lower frequency ranges. With limited power and less-than-ideal antenna configurations, we were forced to employ EWWTs in very close proximity to their targets. During the breach, (breaking through a
reinforced enemy position), our EA assets were staged in close proximity to the main attack forces. During many ES missions, the EWWTs had to maneuver within three kilometers of their target, well within enemy direct-fire weapons range. The EWWTs were a high-value target for the OPFOR, the limited number of teams meant close employment to the front lines was a less than ideal situation. Optimally, we would configure the
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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The relatively short masts for ES and EA antennas limited the ability to gain line of sight on targets. (CW2 Patrick Derr)
systems in the future to allow employment further from the front lines using a terrain feature to protect the system, only allowing the antennas to project above a hilltop for line of sight.
EWWT CONFIGURATIONS Throughout the rotation, we experimented with multiple configurations for the EWWTs. We began the rotation dividing up the three-element team, us-
ing the jammer to provide over-watch, while the two ES nodes moved forward to deploy on the screen-line, and provide early warning and geolocation of OPFOR observation posts. The three-element team had to collocate to perform ES and EA, as the jammer was a single system that could not perform ES while it was in operation. Understanding this limitation at the headquarters eventually drove all operations of that team to operate as a single unit. The other EWWT using multiple systems on the same vehicle enabled simultaneous EA and ES, and this idea of multiple systems operating from a single vehicle proved to be highly successful. The VROD backpack was able to move away from the Saber Fury and provide confirmation of effects on the proper frequencies. And, when using a reactive jamming program, the VROD could identify when the OPFOR ceased transmitting or moved to a different frequency. The ability to employ the EWWT with the VROD and Saber Fury as an independent continued on page 31
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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5 4 TH A N N U A L A O C I N T E R N AT I O N A L
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KEYNOTE AND DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS This year’s theme: Innovation and Change in Electromagnetic Warfare provides Industry, Government, and Militaries a world-class forum to address how we should change and innovate as an EW community. Speakers will highlight some of the most advanced and innovative technologies on the horizon and discuss how organizational change can be embraced to be more agile and engender more calculated risk taking. Talks will focus on what challenges are currently in the way and some stories of how change is currently being implemented. 5 4 TH A N N U A L A O C I N T E R N AT I O N A L
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General Stephen W. Wilson Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force
General Robin Rand USAF
Lieutenant General Giovanni Fantuzzi Major General, Italian Logistics and Acquisition
Major General Patricia Frost (Invited) Director of Cyber, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army
Dr. William Conley Executive Director, OUSD (At&L)/A/ Tactical Warfare Systems
Mr. Randy Walden, SES Director of Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO)
Major General Marcus Thompson Deputy Chief Information Warfare, Australian Defence Force
Dr. Nick Law NATO Smart Defence DAS Project Dstl, UK MOD
Rear Admiral Mark W. Darrah U.S. Navy, Program Executive Officer for Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons
Mr. Bryan Clark Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA)
Major General (Ret.) Kenneth Israel Past President AOC
Mr. Ed Covannon Kodak Invention Strategist
Mr. Fred Kaplan Author of The Dark Territory
Mr. Guy Montminy Senior VP & Deputy GM, Electronic Systems Sector, BAE Systems
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E, TN
11/8-On-Site
Academia NOVE . (Must present faculty/staff/student ID at badge pick up.) MB .C D E R , $445 $545 $645 N
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October
21, 2015 Laborato ries & Wo rkshops
To help bring young EMS warriors into the Crow family, we are offering discounted registration fees symposium attendees who are 35 years of age or younger by Nov 27, 2017. You must provide your date of birth at the time of registration and must present ID with DOB at badge pick up.
FREE
Exhibit Hall / Guest Pass Registration Plan (This pass does not allow access into any of the symposium session or the AOC Annual Banquet.) FREE FREE FREE
3RD ANNUAL AOC STEM OUTREACH PROGRAM November 28–29, 2017 The AOC will host the 3rd Annual STEM Outreach Program in conjunction with the 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention. This program will focus on high school students interested in potential STEM careers and will feature engaging and informative presentations by an exclusive group of professionals who aim to empower and inspire students about careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. We are currently seeking the following from YOU, our valued industry partners:
Static Displays
Help make the whole Electromagnetic Spectrum visible! Display EMS technologies that the students can touch, feel and control.
Sponsorship
Starting at only $2,500, we will highlight your company logo on all student handouts and signage. Your sponsorship dollars will be used to create a unique and vibrant learning experience for the students, including necessary facility fees and equipment rentals.
Volunteers
Volunteer opportunities range from an interactive learning station leader to a student greeter and guide. Volunteers can earn free attendance to the Symposium. There are many ways to get involved so please contact Blain Bekele at blain@crows.org today for more information!
Title Sponsor: Silver Sponsors: Bronze Sponsor:
& Scient
54TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM & CONVENTION SPONSORS —CONVENTION HOST—
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continued from page 26
node provided flexibility in employment which proved especially valuable when the Brigade Commander directed us to provide CUAS capability to two command nodes simultaneously. Flexibility and standoff became two significant requirements that future systems should retain.
EA EFFECTIVENESS Determining the effects we provided proved to be difficult. Our intelligence did not intercept OPFOR communications discussing jamming or poor radio communications. The lack of this feedback left us to hazard a guess. Our systems could confirm we were radiating power on the correct frequencies, but we could not determine if it was sufficient power at the target to disrupt or deny their ability to communicate. Luckily, at the end of the rotation, the Observer Controllers were able to tell us what they witnessed OPFOR experience. We found that our power levels were insufficient to successfully disrupt OPFOR communications across all bands. At higher frequencies, we were effective, but in the sub-100-MHz range, we failed to achieve our desired effects. This failure drives the need to use amplifiers and high-gain antennas in the sub 100 MHz range to achieve disruption and denial of communications. Further, the additional power in the 100- to 500-MHz range would enhance standoff allowing the current equipment to provide a larger area of denial, as well as denial from a safer position on the battlefield. At both the beginning and end of the rotation, we gained time to experiment with Army-issued communication devices and to determine how effective the EW equipment was against them,
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The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
both in an EA and ES capacity. We found the equipment we were fielding was well suited against commercially available devices, but military-specific hardware proved a more difficult target. We still experienced some success, but some adjustments would need to be made to successfully target military devices. As stated previously, additional power in the way of high-gain antennas and more powerful amplifiers would be the starting point when conducting a full test of this equipment against military hardware.
31
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MORE LESSONS LEARNED Training time on the equipment was another lesson we learned. While we knew intuitively that we had insufficient time with the EW equipment to make the best use of its capabilities, we confirmed this at NTC. The EWWTs exponentially grew in their knowledge of their equipment and their ability to provide effects through the rotation. This growth reinforces the idea that Army units need to procure and train on EW equipment throughout the year.
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The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
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We can only imagine the successes we might have seen if we spend the same six months training with EW equipment for NTC that the infantry and armor spent with their equipment. Early on, the need for communications between the team and the headquarters was identified. We worked to provide the teams with FM radios for internal communications and to communicate with the local unit. But, longer-range communications were required to reach the headquarters. We were able to mount a single satellitebased communication system (Joint Capabilities Release – JCR) in one node of one EWWT; this proved a blessing and a curse. When fully functioning, the JCR provided great awareness to the headquarters and a quick relay of important locations of OPFOR emitters. But, it also became a single point of failure. When the JCR was down, communications had to be routed from the Brigade through the Battalion, through the Company, and down to the EWWT. Slow speed and loss of critical data pieces made this method inefficient, to say the least. In the future, multiple JCR systems should be employed throughout the EWWTs, and a backup communications system, such as an HF radio set, would provide much needed redundancy. At the headquarters itself, there was a lack of communications systems dedicated to the EW section. This resulted in congestion at the central workstations. The Brigade EW element should procure its own JCR and HF radio set to enable ease of communication with the EWWTs and timely situational awareness to the Brigade commander.
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The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
34
The ability to compare the two EWWTs that were fielding different EW equipment was invaluable. We were able to compare in simulated combat conditions the capability of the DRT equipment, VROD, VMAX (Versatile Modular Adaptive Transmitter) and Saber Fury. All of the systems proved capable to one degree or another. But, in the end, we found different systems provided key advantages. Going forward, the Saber Fury is a very capable jamming platform but, in its current configuration, lacks the power for survivable and successful employment. Combining the Saber Fury with a set of amplifiers and antennas to attack its target systems at range and with sufficient power would go a long way to making it fully combat ready. The DRT equipment for ES is unmatched as a platform; it has a greater capability than VROD/VMAX, and the DRT View software provides a ready mapping feature. The DRT 8210 and DRT Pack, configured as they were, lacked the Man Portable Unit Gen 4 (MPU4) Wave relay. Going forward using the MPU5 Wave relay radio would enhance its ability to provide cuts and fixes. DRT also did not field a mountable sub-100-MHz antenna. Prior to combat fielding, this is a gap that would need to addressed. The VROD featured a simple graphic user interface (GUI), which helped provide a short learning curve. The DRT pack also provided a similar GUI, but both lacked
The DRT receivers, like the jury-rigged installation above, proved very effective at NTC.
some of the needed capability of the full software suite an attached laptop offers.
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Coming out of NTC, based on experiences so far, a current technology ideal for a ground EWWT would consist of three vehicles. Each vehicle would feature a Saber Fury with banded power amplifiers and high-gain directional antennas to provide effects up to 6 GHz, with both a mobile short extendable mast (about three meters) and a dismounted mast extending up to 10 meters. Each vehicle would also field a DRT 1301C or similar ruggedized ES system with receive and DF head an-
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tennas providing the ability to detect and DF signals from 30 MHz to 6 GHz. Finally, a robust communications package would be required consisting of FM radios, MPU5 Wave relays, JCR and an HF radio. This may not be an immediate solution, but it could be fielded in the near term. The Army should immediately field the Saber Fury with amplifier and high-gain directional antennas and the VROD/VMAX to all Brigade Combat Teams to address a significant capability gap with all nearpeer potential adversaries. a About the Author: CW2 Patrick Derr, US Army, is an Electronic Warfare Technician with the 1st Infantry Division, 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team (1 ID 2 ABCT) at Fort Riley, KS. In this role, he deployed to Kuwait as a partnership planner, facilitating meetings, training and activities with eight nations. He also served as a lead planner for exercise Inferno Creek, a bi-lateral exercise with the Sultanate of Oman that involved over 500 people. Prior to joining his current unit, he was an EW Specialist with the 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment stationed at Vilseck, Germany, from October 2011 until January 2015. Chief Derr deployed as an EW Specialist to Afghanistan from 2013 through 2014 to provide EW support to Task Force Saber in Shah Wali Kot and Atghandab districts as the Squadron EW NCO. He attended the Army’s EW Specialist Course in 2011, transferring from MOS 13D, Field Artillery Tactical Data Systems Specialist.
2017-06-23 3:16 PM
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Rear Admiral Tom Druggan Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center
Rear Admiral David J. Hahn Chief of Naval Research Director of Innovation, Technology Requirements and Test & Evaluation (OPNAV N94)
Dr. William Conley, SES Deputy Director, Office of the Under Secretary of)Defense for Acquisition,Technology and Logistics(OUSD AT&L/A/) Tactical Warfare Systems
2nd Annual Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare Systems Engineering and Acquisition SEPTEMBER 26-28, 2017
\
D A H LG R E N , VA
Mr. Jay Kistler, SES Director, Electronic Warfare & Countermeasures Office, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research and Engineering)
Mr. Bryan Clark Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA)
SPONSORSHIP Take advantage of the opportunity to sponsor this event and get exclusive access to EW and EMS decision makers including DoD officials, military, government offices, academia leaders, and research and development organizations. Head to crows. org for more information.
AGENDA DAY ONE - UNCLASSIFIED (DISTRO C)
DAY TWO - CLASSIFIED
DAY THREE - CLASSIFIED
NSWC Dahlgren
NSWC Dahlgren
University of Mary Washington Dahlgren Campus
REGISTER NOW
If you are a program manager, engineer, or business planner this conference is for you! You will gain awareness of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) process, the tools used, and the complexities in performing defense acquisition and systems development in the emerging EMS environment essential to managing and performing your program funding and mission success.
F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N V I S I T W W W. C R O W S . O R G
6th Annual AOC Pacific Conference Non-Kinetic Fires (EW & IO) in the Multi-Domain Battle OCTOBER 17-19, 2017 HONOLULU, HI KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Gen Robert B. Brown (invited) Commanding General U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC)
LTG Bryan Fenton, USA (invited) Deputy Commander U.S. PACOM
BG Patricia Frost Director of Cyber, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Army G-3/5/7
BGen Brian W. Cavanaugh, USMC Mr. Jay Kistler, SES Col. William McClane, USMC (invited) Director, Electronic Warfare & Commander, Deputy Commander, Countermeasures Office, Office Marine Corps U.S. Marine Corps Forces, of the Assistant Secretary of IO Center Pacific Defense (Research and Engineering)
REGISTER NOW
BG Miguel Castellanos, USA (invited) Deputy Commanding General for CJTF-HOA in Somalia
Travis Slocumb Vice President, Electronic Warfare Systems, Raytheon SAS
The theme for the 2017 AOC Pacific Conference, “NonKinetic Fires (EW & IO) in the Multi-Domain Battle,” will drive discussions that build upon those from the last two AOC Pacific Conferences, that examined the role of IO in countering/defeating Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2/AD) strategies (2016), IO in Hybrid Warfare (2015).
F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N V I S I T W W W. C R O W S . O R G
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY A SAMPLING OF COUNTER-UAS SYSTEMS By John Knowles
their manual operation and small size usually limit their effective range to just a few hundred meters or less. More sophisticated systems usually employ one or more sensors, such as communications electronic support measures (ESM), direction finding (DF), radar, electro-optic systems, and sometimes acoustic sensors to detect and track drones at longer distances (up to 10 km). These sensor inputs are usually fused via a command and control system, which then cues jamming countermeasures. These types of counter-UAS systems are typically used in fixed-site applications or in portable configurations for temporary situations (encampments, public events, etc.) in which there is sufficient time to set them up. No single countermeasures capability fits every situation. RF jammers and WIFI disruptors, for example, are well suited for situations (such as protecting public spaces) in which it is dangerous to shoot down a drone or force it to crash land near a crowd. However, kinetic countermeasures, as well as HPEM and high-energy lasers, may find more utility in military operations, where a swarm of drones may be present, or in which RF interference from jammers could be problematic for other military systems. One of the reasons why counter-UAS systems have appeared on the market so quickly is that they mostly leverage existing sensors and countermeasures technologies. The basic communications ESM, radar and EO technologies used in most counter-UAS solution have been around for some time. Likewise, many of the jamming systems used against drones are provided by the same companies that have been manufacturing counter RCIED jammers over the past decade. In the survey table that follows, the first column lists the model name. Working from left to right, the next few columns cover the sensors used to detect, and track the drones. (In the case of manpack “drone guns,” the detection and tracking sensors are usually humans.) The next column indicates if the counter-UAS system features a command and control capability with a workstation or other type of user interface. The next few columns cover the system’s countermeasures characteristics, followed by size, weight and platform information. This market is fairly young, and companies continue to introduce new counter-UAS systems on the market on a regular basis. Also, several companies (particularly in the US) do not publicize information about their counter-UAS products. Still, we attempted to make our list as comprehensive as possible. Next month, JED’s technology survey will focus on communications intelligence (COMINT) and communications direction finding (comms DF) receivers.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
T
his month’s technology survey addresses a relatively new topic – counter-UAS systems, also known as counter-drone systems. The emergence of the counter-UAS systems market is tied to the explosive popularity of commercial mini-drones over the past several years. These small, inexpensive, lowflying drones, are typically equipped with a camera, and are sometimes modified to carry and drop munitions. Their wide availability means that they offer new security challenges for deployed military forces, as well as domestic military installations, government facilities and large public events. Note that this survey will focus on counter-UAS systems and not merely “drone detection systems” that do not feature a countermeasure against the drone. Furthermore, counter-UAS systems can be divided between those that use kinetic countermeasures and those that employ non-kinetic countermeasures. Kinetic countermeasures can include small arms, nets that are shot into the air, interceptor drones, and even specially trained birds of prey. Non-kinetic counter-drone solutions include RF barrage jamming of the drone’s control link, taking over a drone’s Wi-Fi control link, or jamming the drone’s navigation system, as well as directed energy weapons, such as high-power electromagnetic (HPEM) and high-energy lasers. This month’s survey will focus on non-kinetic counter-UAS systems. Commercial drones use low-cost receivers that operate over just a small number of frequencies for their command links, datalinks, and navigation. These inexpensive receivers are quite vulnerable to jamming. In addition, most drones use command links based on open software protocols, which are easy to commandeer and take over control of the drone. Some drones rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. These signals can be jammed or spoofed, forcing the drone to land or to fly back to their launch point. As mentioned earlier, drones can pose a security challenge in a variety of situations, from military operations to facilities to large public gatherings. This has led drone countermeasures companies to offer counter-UAS systems in several configurations that range from integrated fixed-site systems to small manpack “drone guns.” Beginning with the simplest of these solutions, “drone guns” typically comprise a manpack jamming system fitted with a handheld directional antenna, such as a log periodic dipole array. The user points the directional antenna at the drone and forces it to land either by jamming its control link, commandeering its control link, or jamming its GNSS receiver. Their portability makes these systems easy to deploy, although
37
COUNTER-UAS SYSTEMS MODEL
DETECTION
TARGET TRACKING
DF SYSTEM
C2 SYSTEM
COUNTERMEASURES
COUNTERMEASURES RANGE
ASELSAN; Ankara, Turkey; 90 (312) 592 10 00; aselsan.com.tr iHTAR
ACAR Ku-Band Pulse Doppler Radar
HSY EO System
*
Yes
GERGEDAN RF jamming system
*
iHAVASAR
*
*
*
*
RF jammer
*
*
*
RF jamming, control link disruption, GNSS jamming
400m
Yes
Yes
RF jamming to tke control of target’s command datalink
Yes
RF jamming, control link disruption, GNSS jamming
up to 1 km
Yes
RF jamming, GNSS jamming
*
RF control link protocol manipulation
*
TARANIS
RF jcontrol link jammer, Wi-Fi disruptor; GNSS jamming, HPEM
RF jammer 2/3 of detection range; HPEM approx. 400m
*
RF jamming of control link;
2 km
Battelle; Columbus, OH, USA; 800-201-2011; www.battelle.org Drone Defender
*
*
CACI; Arlignton, VA, USA; (410) 782-8160; www.caci.com SkyTracker
ESM
ESM
CERBAIR; Paris, France; +33-171-18-20-32; www.cerbair.com Cerbair Stationary Unit
DW-RF-01 RF detector; DW-OP-01 EO sensor
*
*
Dedrone; San Francisco, CA, USA; +49 561 861 799 120; www.dedrone.com Drone Tracker
RF detector; audio, near IR, Wi-Fi sensor, EO (daylight)
*
*
Department 13; Columbia, MD, USA; +1 (410) 989-5313; www.department13.com 38
MESMER
RF detector
*
*
*
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
Diehl Defence GmbH; Überlingen, Germany; +49 7551 89-01; www.http://drohnenabwehr.de Guardion
ESM
ESM
Yes
DroneShield; Sydney, Australia; +61 2 9995 7280; www.droneshield.com DroneGun
*
*
*
Elbit Systems - Elisra EW and SIGINT; Bene Beraq, Israel; +972-3-6175111; www.elisra.com ReDrone
ESM, radar, acoustic
EO/IR
Yes
Yes
RF jamming of control link, GNSS jamming
*
ReDrone C-sUAS
RF SIGINT
RF SIGINT
SIGINT DF of Drone and oparator
Map based Display
RF + GNSS Jamming
1.5-2 km
Yes for drones and for operators
RF jamming to take control of a drone’s command link, RF barrage jamming for unknown drones, GPS/ GNSS jamming
2:1 ratio respect the distance from Radio Control emitter to the drone position
Elettronica Group; Rome, Italy; +39 06 41541; www.elettronicagroup.com ADRIAN
Radar, EO/IR, ESM, Acoustic (optional)
Radar, EO/IR, ESM
Yes
JAMMING FREQUENCIES
SIZE (in.)
WEIGHT (in lb/kg) PLATFORM
FEATURES
Yes
GPS, Wi-Fi, ISM, GSM 900/1800, 3G and 4G
*
*
grd-fix
ACAR features track while scan in surveillance mode, 360 degree sector scanning and a detection range of 5km against targets with RCS of 0.5 m².
Yes
400 MHz - 3 GHz; 5.7-5.9 GHz
*
*
manpack
Manually directed; 50-w RF output power; highgain directional antenna; 1.5 hr operation from Li-Ion batteries.
*
*
*
less than 15 lb.
man-portable
Battery power runs up to 5 hrs. continuously;
*
*
*
*
grd-fix
Identifies drone type through communications signals; system can employ multiple non-kinetic responses in parallel.
Yes
432-436 MHz, 900-1170 MHz, 1171-1380 MHz, 1570-1620 MHz, 24002500 MHz, 5-5.4 GHz, 5.4-5.9 GHz
*
*
grd-fix
SESP jammer optional.
*
GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, WLAN 2.4, and from 5-6 GHz
*
*
grd-fix, grd-portble
*
Wi-Fi
19-in. 6 RU
*
grd-portable
*
2-6 GHz (20 MHz-6 GHz opt.)
*
*
grd-fix
Partnership between ESG (TARANIS C2 system), Rohde and Schwarz (ARDRONIS ESM and jamming and WiFi Disconnect) and Diehl (HPEMcounterUAS); radar, acoustic and EO sensors optional
*
2.38-2.483GHz, 5.725-5.825GHz
*
35 kg
manpack
GPS (optional) & GLONASS (optional) 1450-1650MHz
Yes
*
*
*
grd-fix, grdmob, manpack
Available in two levels; Level 1 offers ESM sensors and RF jamming; Level 2 offers additional sensors, such as radar, EO/IR and acoustic sensors to provide detection and defeat at ranges up to 4 km.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
PROGRAMMABLE
39
Yes
433 MHz, 915MHz, 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz, GPS&GLONASS L1
Two unints of 35x65x55
up to 37Kg
grd-fix, grd-mob, man-portable
Modular system with interface to other sesnsores (RADAR, EO, IR), operation in urban area.
Yes
400MHz, 900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz GFSK/OFDM/FH/DSSS
40x20x27 with a DF antenna on an extendible mast
90Kg
grd-fix, grd-mob
Detect, track and defeat multiple drones from different direction; take control of most commercial drones; automatic or manual operation; minimize interference to wireless connection operative in the area, open and scalable configuration.
COUNTER-UAS SYSTEMS MODEL
DETECTION
TARGET TRACKING
DF SYSTEM
C2 SYSTEM
COUNTERMEASURES
COUNTERMEASURES RANGE
*
RF jamming; GNSS jamming
*
Yes
RF hopper jamming; RF jamming to take control of command link; GNSS jamming
Control/Datalink: up to 2km; GNSS: more than 2 km
Elta Systems Ltd.; Ashdod, Israel; +972-8-857-2312; www.elta-iai.com Drone Guard
ESM, radar
EO/IR
*
Hensoldt; Taufkirchen, Bavaria, Germany; +49.89.3179-0; www.hensoldt.net Xpeller
Radar, EO/IR, ESM
Radar, EO/IR, ESM
Yes
HP Marketing and Consulting Wüst GmbH; Reinfeld, Germany; +49 (0) 45 33–70 11 0; www.hp-jammer.de HP 47 Counter UAV Jammer
*
*
*
*
RF control link jamming, GNSS jamming
*
Kirintec Ltd.; Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, UK; +44 (0)1989 568350; www.kirintec.com Sky Net LONGBOW
Sky Net Detect (EO).
Sky Net Detect (EO).
*
K-Net - mesh network
RF sweep jamming of control, video
9 to 1 ratio
Sky Net RECURVE MAX
Sky Net Detect (EO).
Sky Net Detect (EO).
*
K-Net - mesh network
RF sweep jamming of control, video
5 to 1 ratio
Sky Net RECURVE
Sky Net Detect (EO).
Sky Net Detect (EO).
*
K-Net - mesh network
RF sweep jamming of control, video
3 to 1 ratio
Leonardo Airborne and Space Systems; Luton, Bedfordshire, UK; +44-0-1582 886478; www.leonardocompany.com Falcon Shield
Radar, ESM
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
40
ESM, NERIO EO, thermal and laser rangefinder sensors
*
Vantage C2 RF jamming of command and Situational link Awareness System
*
Lockheed Martin: Bethesda, MD, USA; 607-751-3199; www.lockheedmartin.com ICARUS
ESM
EO, acoustic
*
*
RF jamming to take control of a drone’s command link for known drones present in the library, RF barrage jamming for unknown drones
*
RF jamming
*
RF jammer; high-energy laser
*
Netline Communications Technologies; Tel Aviv, Israel; +972-3-6068100; www.netline.co.il C-Guard DroneNet
ESM
ESM
*
*
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.; Haifa, Israel; +972-4-8795143; www.rafael.com Drone Dome
ESM, radar
EO/IR
*
Yes
Rohde & Schwarz; Munich, Germany; + 49 89 4129 15485; www.rohde-schwarz.com ARDRONIS
RF receiver
RF receiver
Yes, typ accuracy 1-2 degrees RMS
Yes
RF jamming, wi-fi disruption;
2/3 of detection range
*
*
RF control link jamming; GNSS jamming
*
full spectrum electromagnetic engagement.
*
RF jamming
*
SESP; Paris, France; +33 (1) 73 04 91 17; www.sesp.com Drone Defeater
*
*
Syracuse Research Corp.; North Syracuse, NY, USA; +! (315) 452-8657; www.srcinc.com Silent Archer® Counter-UAS Technology Suite
LSTAR® Air Surveillance Radar; SkyChaser™ OnThe-Move Radar; SR-X AESA MultiMission Radar
LSTAR® Air Surveillance Radar; SkyChaser™ OnThe-Move Radar; SR-X AESA MultiMission Radar
SRC DF unit
Yes
Thales Air Systems; Paris, France: +33 (0) 1 79 61 40 00; www.thalesgroup.com Counter UAS
Squire radar, Black Finder DF
Margot 8000 EO system
Yes
Yes
JAMMING FREQUENCIES
SIZE (in.)
WEIGHT (in lb/kg) PLATFORM
FEATURES
*
*
*
*
grd-fix
Can be configured with the company’s ELM-2026D, ELM-2026B and ELM-2026BF for short (10km), medium (15km) and long (20 km) ranges. EO sensors can provide visual identifcation.
ISM2400; ISM5800; GPS; GLONASS; Galileo
grd-fix; grd-mob; manpack/manportable
1500 (H) x 1200 (W) x 600 (L) mm
200 kg
*
Evidence proof recording; GNSS jamming (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo); propagation simulation; mission planinng; rapid deployment; weak point analysis; C-UAV as a service; flexible financing models.
*
Wi-Fi; GNSS
*
*
manpack
Stand-alone shoulder-mounted jammer with directional antennas covering both Wi-Fi channels and all global positioning systems.
20 MHz - 6 GHz
*
400 (L) x 420 (D) x 250 (H) mm
40kg
grd-fix; grd-mob
RF, WiFi and accoustic sensors in development; GPS jamming optional; high performance DDS (3.5GSPS) and high efficiency GaN amplifiers;
20 MHz - 6 GHz
*
460 (H) x 310 (W) x 290 (D) mm
28kg (Including batteries)
grd-mob; manpack
Manpackable, small vehicle (i.e. quad bike) or static system; GPS jamming optional.
20 MHz - 2.5 GHz
*
460 (H) x 310 (W) x 140 (D) mm
14kg (Including batteries)
man-portable
Simple use barrage jamming or can be controlled by any sensor providing an IO output; GPS jamming optional.
Yes
*
*
*
grd-fix, grd-mob, man-portable
Option for advanced Electronic Attack capability to deny, disrupt or take control of UAV command and data links.
*
*
*
*
grd-fix, grd-mob
*
20 MHz - 6 GHz
*
*
grd-fix
*
*
*
*
grd-fix, portable
Yes
2-6 GHz
2 x 19 in., 6 HU; DF antenna: 0.34 m × 0.419 m
80-kg system, 26-kg antenna
grd-fix, portable
Yes
*
*
*
grd-mob
*
*
Varies configuration
Varies
grd-mob
*
*
*
grd-fix, portable
(20 MHz - 6 GHz jamming coverage optional.
SRC has been testing and demonstrating its Silent Archer technology at US government-sponsored events (JIAMDO’s Black Dart, the Army Warfighting Assessment (AWA), Network Integration Evaluation (NIE), and Maneuvers and Fires Integrated Exercise (MFIX)) for the past 12 years.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
*
PROGRAMMABLE
41
SURVEY KEY – COUNTER-UAS SYSTEMS MODEL Product name or model number
High Power Solid State Radar Amplifiers
DETECTION SENSORS Indicates sensors types and models used to detect and acquire the target UAS • ESM = electronic support measures TARGET TRACKING SENSORS Indicates sensor types and models used to track the target UAS DF SYSTEM Indicates if a direction finding (DF) system is used to determine the direction of the drone and/or the drone operator. C2 SYSTEM Indicates if the system provides a command and control system to manage tracking sensors and countermeasures. COUNTERMEASURES Indicates the type of countermeasures and/or the countermeasures techniques the system employs to defeat the target drone. COUNTERMEASURES RANGE Indicates the typical effective range of the Counter UAS system’s countermeasures PROGRAMMABLE If the system is an RF jammer, this indicates if the jammer is field programmable.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
42
JAMMING FREQUENCIES Indicates the system’s jamming frequencies in MHz or GHz SIZE H x W x L/D in inches, millimeters or centimeters WEIGHT Indicates system weight in pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg) PLATFORM grd-fix = fixed ground installation grd-mob = ground mobile vehicle grd-portable = manportable FEATURES Additional features * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.
www.ophirrf.com 310-306-5556 sales@ophirrf.com
859425_Ophir.indd 1
2017-03-02 12:34 PM
OCTOBER 2017 PRODUCT SURVEY: COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE (COMINT) AND COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTION FINDING (DF) RECEIVERS This survey will cover COMINT receivers and communications DF receivers. Please e-mail JEDEditor@ naylor.com to request a survey.
AOC Live Courses Electronic Countermeasures — Theory and Design Kyle Davidson | OCTOBER 16 - NOVEMBER 1, 2017 The goal of this course is to educate the participants in the the field of Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) and Electronic Attacks (EA). This includes the complete countermeasures development cycle from analysing threat systems, to developing jammer techniques, and finally confirming their effectiveness.
Electronic Warfare in the New Threat Environment (EW 104) Mr. Dave Adamy | FEBRUARY 5 - 28, 2018 There have been recent, significant changes in the nature of the threat environment that make much of the way Electronic Warfare (EW) has been conducted for many years obsolete. This course deals with systems and techniques that are now required for success in EW operations.
F O R M O R E I N F O R M A T I O N V I S I T WWW.CROWS.ORG
AOC Convention Courses Hands-on Introduction to Radar and EW Course
Introduction to EW Modeling and Simulation
Electronic Warfare Systems Engineering
Mr. Dave Adamy |
Kyle Davidson |
Dr. Warren du Plessis |
DECEMBER 1 - 4, 2017
DECEMBER 1 - 4, 2017
DECEMBER 1 - 2, 2017
This is a practical course in which the basic concepts and techniques of Electronic Warfare modeling and simulation are presented and the students learn how to apply them to practical problems. The class will cover the background math required for M&S (including spherical trig and radio propagation), Electronic Warfare (review only), the mathematical characterization of EW equipment, the modeling of threats, the design of an engagement model, Simulation for training, and the emulation of EW signals for injection at any point in the signal path for T&E of hardware or systems.
The goal of this course is to educate participants in the principles of Electronic Warfare (EW) systems engineering across the electromagnetic spectrum. At the conclusion of this four day course you will have an understanding of the theory behind Electronic Support (ES) systems, Electronic Attacks (EA), and Electronic Protection (EP), and be able to apply it in order to solve modern EW problems. This includes modeling threat system performance, then developing effective sensors and countermeasures against a given threat.
This course will provide a hands-on introduction to radar and a number of important EW concepts. Unlike other such courses, the emphasis will be on allowing attendees to perform experiments using an audio sonar to actually experience the effects and implications of various radar and EW concepts.
CEMA 2017 The Multi-Domain Battle: A Combined Arms Approach to Enabling Maneuver through CEMA Operations
16-19 OCTOBER 2017 • ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD
FREE TO ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY & GOVERNMENT
SESSION TOPICS
LEARN MORE ∙ REGISTER NOW C R O W S .O R G / C E M A17
K EYNOTE SPEAK ER S MG Randy Taylor, CECOM MG Kirk Vollmecke, PEO IEW&S
Integrated CEMA and Offensive Operations (SECRET/REL FVEY) CEMA Battle Command (FOUO/REL FVEY) Threat and ISR (TS/SCI/REL FVEY and US ONLY portions) CEMA International Topics (UNCLASSIFIED ALL) CEMA SA/SU (SECRET/REL FVEY)
[ This Conference is Approved by the Department of the Army - Memo Available on AOC Website ]
EW 101
Space EW Part 16
EW Operations from Space By Dave Adamy
In the last two “EW 101” columns, we discussed the intercept of hostile ground signals from space. This month, we will discuss the jamming of hostile ground signals from space – specifically communications jamming. We have discussed jamming within the atmosphere many times, but doing so from space requires that we consider the geometric dictates of the orbit from which the jamming takes place.
JAMMING FROM A SATELLITE The effectiveness of a jammer requires that it produce the proper waveform, that it have adequate effective radiated power (ERP), and that it be close enough to the jammed receiver to keep the propagation losses low enough. Satellites, by their nature are far away from what is happening on the Earth – so jamming from space is not easy. That said, space is a well-established EW battlespace, so let’s get on with it. For convenience, we will use the same orbit we have used in recent discussions: a 300-km-high circular orbit with an inclination of 60°. We will jam a target at 35° North latitude and 105° East lonDistance gitude. From earlier columns, we know from that the period of the orbit is 90.364 satellite minutes, and that if it passes directly to target over the target. It can see the target for 19.3 minutes. We also know that the distance from the target to the satellite at the stated location is 828 km. We will assume that the satellite has a two-meter parabolic antenna that can be pointed with 1° accuracy. The satellite geometry is shown in Figure 1. Sub-vehicle
COMMUNICATIONS JAMMING Consider the communications jamming engagement shown in Figure 2. Although this figure shows one desired signal transmitter and one target receiver, the actual target is a network of hostile transceivers operating at 400 MHz
with whip antennas. One transceiver is transmitting with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 10 Watts, and all of the others in the network are receiving. The average distance to each receiving station is 5 km. The sub-vehicle point of the satellite is 30° North Latitude and 100° East Longitude. The jammer transmitter output power is 100 Watts. The 3-dB beam-width and bore-sight gain of the jamming antenna and the antenna misalignment loss are determined by formulas from the July 2017 “EW101” column: Beam-width: BW = anti-log[ (86.8 – 20 log D – 20 logF)/20] Where: BW is the 3-dB beam-width in degrees D is the dish diameter in meters F is the frequency in MHz BW = anti-log[(86.8 – 6.0 – 52.0)/20} = 27.5° Gain: Where:
G = -42.2 + 20 Log D + 20 Log F G is the bore-sight gain in dBi G = -42.2 + 6.0 + 52.0 = 15.8 dBi
North Pole
Longitude Threat location Latitude of threat
point
Latitude of sub-vehicle point
Center of Earth
Fig. 1: The propagation distance from the satellite to the target depends on the orbital geometry.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
JAMMING OF A GROUND SIGNAL FROM A SATELLITE
45
E W101 as viewed from the target receiver, we can ignore atmospheric and rain losses (they are very small). The formula for the Fresnel zone distance is:
JAMMER 65.8 dBm ERP
828 km
FZ = (hT x hR x F)/ 24,000 Where: FZ is the Fresnel zone distance in km hT is the height of the transmit antenna in meters hR is the height of the receive antenna in meters F is the transmission frequency in MHz For the desired signal link, the two antenna heights are 2 meters and the frequency is 400 MHz, so: FZ = (2 x 2 x 400)/24,000 = 67 meters
5 km
Since FZ is less than the link distance, the propagation mode is 2 Ray, so the propagation loss is:
40 dBm ERP
2 meters
2 meters
R TARGET RECEIVER
T DESIRED SIGNAL TRANSMITTER
Fig. 2: The jamming geometry and the ERPs of the desired signal and jamming transmitters determine the J/S ratio.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
46
Misalignment loss: ∆G = 12(θ/α)2 Where: ∆G is the loss in dB from antenna misalignment θ is the antenna misalignment α is the antenna 3 dB beam-width ∆G = 12(1/15.8)2 = .05 dB (which we can ignore in our calculations) The equation for the jamming-to-signal ratio in communications jamming is given in the December 2008 “EW101” column. If the target receiver has a whip antenna, the equation is: J/S = ERPJ – ERPS – LOSS J + LOSSS Where:
J/S is the jamming to signal ration in dB ERPJ is the effective radiated power of the jammer ERPS is the effective radiated power of the desired signal transmitter LOSSJ is the loss from the jammer to the target receiver LOSSS is the loss from the desired signal transmitter to the target receiver
Now we will determine the propagation modes and losses from the desired signal transmitter and the jammer to the target receiver using the formulas presented in the July and August 2007 “EW101” columns. We will assume that there is clear line of sight between all of the members of the hostile network we are jamming. Because the frequency is UHF and the satellite is at a high angle,
LOSSS = 120 + 40 log(d) -20 log(hT) – 20 log(hR) Where: d is the link distance in km The desired link loss is thus: 120 + 40 log(5) – 20 log(2) – 20 log(2) = 120 + 28.0 – 6.0 – 6.0 = 136 dB The jamming link propagation mode is line of sight (also called “free space”, which it literally is in this case). The loss from antenna misalignment is extremely small, so the total loss from the jammer to the target receiver is: LOSS J = 32.4 + 20 log (d) + 20 log (F) = 32.4 + 20 log(828) + 20 log(400) = 32.4 + 58.4 + 52.0 = 142.8 dB The ERP of the desired signal transmitter is 10 Watts (40 dBm). The ERP of the jammer is 100 Watts (50 dBm) increased by the antenna gain (15.8 dBi) = 65.8 dBm
JAMMING-TO-SIGNAL RATIO The jamming to signal ratio is: J/S = ERPJ – ERPS – LOSSJ + LOSSS = 65.8 – 40 – 142.8 + 136 = 19 dB This is a very respectable job of jamming (10 dB would usually be enough). However, it must be noted that one satellite can only jam that network for up to 19.3 minutes . . . so an array of satellites would be required to perform continuous jamming. Note that if the satellite had been at the horizon from the jammed network (i.e. 1,978 km away), the achieved J/S would have been reduced to 10.5 dB (including the effect of 1 dB of atmospheric loss).
WHAT’S NEXT The author lied last month when he said this would be the last column in the Space EW series. We will finish this series next month with a column on jamming of radars from low earth orbit. For your comments, Dave Adamy can be reached at www.lynxpub.com. a
100 years of defence and security electronics under one roof. www.hensoldt.net
AOC Industry and Institute/University Members SUSTAINING BAE Systems Ball Aerospace & Technologies Group Bharat Electronics LTD The Boeing Company CACI Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates General Atomics General Dynamics Harris Corp. Keysight Technologies Leonardo MW Ltd. Lockheed Martin Mission Systems and Training (MST) Mercury Systems Northrop Grumman Corporation Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins Rohde & Schwarz USA Saab
MILITARY UNITS
48
453 EW Squadron Research 51 Sqn, Royal Air Force Japan Air Self-Defense Force JEWOSU MAG-14 VMAQ-2 VMFAT-501
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY Electronic Warfare Studying Group, Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering & Science Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) Mercer Engineering Research Center National EW Research and Simulation Center Riverside Research Institute
GOVERNMENT GROUPS Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division
GROUP 3dB Labs Inc. 3SDL Ltd. 4DSP Abaco Systems Aeronix Aethercomm, Inc. A.G. Franz, LLC Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Air Logistics and Engineering Consultants, LLC ALARIS Antennas Alpha Design Technologies Pvt Ltd. Alpha Product Inc. Analog Devices Anaren Microwave, Inc. Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc.
Anritsu Company ApisSys SAS Aselsan A.S. Astra Microwave Products Ltd. Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology, Inc. Avalon Electronics, Inc. Azure Summit Technologies, Inc. Base2 Engineering LLC Bird Technologies Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc. Bryant Solutions, Inc. CISR Babcock International Group Cobham Advanced Electronic Solutions Cognitive Systems Corp. Colorado Engineering Inc. Communicaitons Supply and Support Limited Comtech PST Corporation Covariant Solutions CPI Crane Aerospace & Electronics CRFS Inc. CSIR DPSS Cubic Defence Darkblade Systems Dayton-Granger, Inc. Decodio AG Defense Engineering Corporation Defense Research Associates DEFTEC Corporation DEWC Pty Ltd DHPC Technologies, Inc. DragoonITCN D-TA Systems, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. e2v, Inc. Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT – Elisra Electro-Metrics Corp. Electronic Warfare Training Support LLC Empower RF Systems Epiq Design Solutions Inc. ESROE Limited Esterline Defense Technologies Evans Capacitor Company EW Solutions ERZIA Technologies S.L. FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc. Finmeccanica (formerly Selex ES) Galleon Embedded Computing Norway Generic Systems Sweden AB Giga-tronics Inc. GPS Source Inc. GTMR Inc. HASCALL-DENKE HP Marketing & Consulting Wust GmBh Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikations -technik GmbH (IZT) Intelligent RF Solutions ISPAS as IW Mircowave Products Division JT3, LLC Kerberos International Inc.
Kranze Technology Solutions, Inc. (KTS) KRATOS GENERAL MICROWAVE CORPORATION KRYTAR, Inc. Kudelski Security, A Division of Nagravision S.A. L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics L-3 Narda-MITEQ L-3 TRL Technology Leidos LGS Innovations LIG Next1 Co., Ltd. LS Telcom AG MacAulay-Brown Military College of Telecommunication Engineering MarServices GmbH Mass Consultants MBDA France MC Countermeasures, Inc. MDA Systems Ltd. MegaPhase, LLC Meggitt Defense Systems Meggitt Target Systems MICREO Limited Micro Lambda Wireless Micro-Coax, Inc. Microwave Products Group Milso AB MilSource The MITRE Corporation Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. Mountain RF Sensors Inc. MULTICONSULT SRL My-konsult National Technical Research Organization Narda Safety Test Solutions GmbH Nova Systems Orbital ATK Defense Electronic Systems Overlook Systems Technology Pacific Design Technologies PA&E Parker Aerospace Parrillo Associates Peralex Photonis Physical Optics Corporation Plath, GmbH Polaris Alpha (formerly EOIR Technologies Inc.) Professional Development Tech Group Inc. Q-Microwave QPAR Antennas USA Quinon Co. Radio Frequency Simulation Systems Inc. Reliant Global Solution Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc. (RAS) Rincon Research Corporation
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Roschi Rohde & Schwarz AG Rotating Precision Mechanisms S2 Corporation SAZE Technologies SciEngines GmbH Scientific Research Corp. Semper-Fortis Solutions LLC Signal Hound SimVentions Smiths Microwave Subsystems Spectranetix, Inc. Spectrum Instrumentation Corp. Spherea GmbH Spirent Communications SR Technologies SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc. SRI International STEATITE Stimulus Engineering Sunshine Aero Industries Swedish Defence Materiel Administration T&E Directorate (FMV T&E) SynQor Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. (SPEC) TCI International Inc. Tech Comm Inc. Tech Resources Inc TECOM Industries TEK Microsystems, Inc. Tektronix Inc. Teledyne Microwave Solutions TERMA A/S Textron Systems Textron Systems Electronic Systems UK Ltd. Thales Suisse SA Third Wave Strategies LLC Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMC Design TMD Technologies Ltd. Transformational Security, LLC TriaSys Technologies Corp. Triumph Thermal Systems Maryland, Inc. TRU Corporation TrustComm Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems Ultra Electronics TCS Inc. Valkyrie Enterprises, LLC ViaSat, Inc. W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Gore) Warrior Support Solutions, LLC Wavepoint Research Inc. Wrap International AB X-Com Systems Zentrum Elektronischer Kampf Fliegende Waffensysteme Zodiac Data Systems
Index
of ad ve r tise r s
JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
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Airbus DS Electronics & Border Security ............................ www.airbusdefenceandspace.com............................ 47 BAE Systems ...................................... www.baesystems.com/radj .............Outside Back Cover Battlespace Simulations, Inc. .............. www.bssim.com ..................................................... 14 Ciao Wireless, Inc. .............................. www.ciaowireless.com..............................................9 Cobham Advanced Electronic Solutions Inc. .................................. www.cobham.com .................................................. 19 D-TA Systems Inc. .............................. www.d-ta.com ....................................................... 10 Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT-Elisra Ltd. ............................ www.elbitsystems.com .............................................7 Eldes s.r.l ........................................... www.eldes.it ......................................................... 11 GEW Technologies (PTY) Ltd ................ www.gew.co.za ...................................................... 26 go2SIGNALS ....................................... www.procitec.de ....................................................34 Horizon Technologies ......................... www.HorizonTechnologies.eu ................................. 24 IW Microwave .................................... www.iw-microwave.com ......................................... 33 Kallman Worldwide............................. www.kallman.com ................................................. 32 L-3 Narda-MITEQ ................................ www.nardamiteq.com............................................. 17 Leonardo ........................................... www.leonardocompany.com ......................................8 Mercury Systems .............................. www.mrcy.com ...................................................... 31 Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems – Amherst Systems.............. www.northropgrumman.com ............Inside Back Cover Ophir RF Inc ...................................... www.ophirrf.com ...................................................42 Raytheon Company............................. www.Raytheon.com ........................Inside Front Cover Signal Hound ..................................... www.SignalHound.com........................................... 21 Teledyne Microwave Solutions ............. www.TeledyneMicrowave.com .................................13 Textron Systems................................. www.textronsystems.com .........................................5 Ultra Electronics – EWST ..................... www.ewst.co.uk.......................................................3 W. L. Gore & Associates ....................... www.gore.com ....................................................... 25
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quick look
Details
Page #
Elta Systems, counter-UAS system survey .......................... 40
Air Force Office of Scientific Research ............................... 18
EW 101, EW Operations from Space .................................... 45
Airborne SIGINT Enterprise ............................................... 18
F-15 IRST ......................................................................... 18
All Signal Tactical Real-time Analyzer (ASTRAL), DARPA ..... 15
Government Accountability Office (GAO), Compass Call protest decisions ...................................... 16
AOC Advocacy .................................................................. 12 Armtec, countermeasures for Egypt and Iraq ...................... 20 Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Industry Day ............................................... 15 ASELSAN, counter-UAS system survey ............................... 38 Asymmetric Vision/Decide Faster initiative, US Army ......... 15 BAE Systems, AC/MC-130J RFCM subcontract ...................... 16
Harris Electronic Systems, AC/MC-130J RFCM subcontract ...................................... 16 Hensoldt, counter-UAS system survey ................................ 40 Herrick Technologies, AFRL contract ................................. 16 HP Marketing and Consulting, counter-UAS system survey .......................................... 40 Kirintec, counter-UAS system survey ................................. 40
BAE Systems, ALE-70 RF decoys for RAAF F-35s .................. 20
Leonardo Airborne and Space Systems, counter-UAS system survey .......................................... 40
Battelle, counter-UAS system survey ................................. 38
Lockheed Martin, counter-UAS system survey .................... 40
CACI, counter-UAS system survey ...................................... 38
Marine Corps Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) EW ................ 18
CERBAIR, counter-UAS system survey ................................ 38
National Defense Restoration Fund .................................... 18
Chemring Countermeasures USA, countermeasures for Saudi Arabia and Egypt ........................................... 20
National Training Center ................................................... 22
Circuit Realization at Faster Timescales (CRAFT), DARPA ..... 16
The Journal of Electronic Defense | September 2017
Page #
AARGM ER ....................................................................... 18
AN/SLQ-32 ....................................................................... 18
50
Details
Common IR Countermeasures program ............................... 18
Netline Communications, counter-UAS system survey ......... 40 Next Gen Jammer Increment II .......................................... 18 Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) ..... 15
Communications and Electronics Research and Development Center (CERDEC)................................. 15
Northrop Grumman, JCREW I1B1 contract .......................... 16
Counter-UAS system survey .............................................. 37
Northrop Grumman, RAPAD contract ................................. 16
CW2 Patrick Derr, Army EW Weapons Teams (EWWTs) .......... 22
Qatari Emiri Air Force, EW training.................................... 20
Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Support to Corps and Below (CSCB) ......................................................... 22
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, counter-UAS system survey .......................................... 40
Dedrone, counter-UAS system survey ................................. 38
Rohde & Schwarz, counter-UAS system survey .................... 40
Department 13, counter-UAS system survey ....................... 38
SESP, counter-UAS system survey ...................................... 40
Diehl Defence, counter-UAS system survey ......................... 38
Silicon carbide power modules........................................... 18
Digital Receiver Technologies Inc. (DRT), 1301C Plus COMINT System ........................................... 22
Syracuse Research Corp. (SRC), UAS integrated defeat system contract .......................... 16
Distributed Aperture Infrared Countermeasures (DAIRCM), US Navy ...................................................... 16
Syracuse Research Corp. AN/VLQ-12(V)5 Saber Fury EA system................................................... 23
DroneShield, counter-UAS system survey ........................... 38
Syracuse Research Corp., counter-UAS system survey.......... 40
DRS Daylight Defense, DAIRCM .......................................... 16
Thales Air Systems, counter-UAS system survey ................. 40
DRS Network and Imaging Systems, DAIRCM ...................... 16
Thales, ELIX-IR threat warning system .............................. 20
EA-18G ............................................................................ 18
University of Southern California, Circuit Realization at Faster Timescales (CRAFT) ........................................ 16
Eagle Passive/Active Warning and Sensor System ............... 18 Elbit Systems - Elisra EW and SIGINT, counter-UAS system survey .......................................... 38 Elettronica Group, counter-UAS system survey ................... 38
US Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) ................................. 22 Versatile Modular Adaptive Transmitter (VMAX) ................. 34 Versatile Radio Observation and Direction (VROD)............... 23
Visit the AOC EW/SIGINT Resource Guide online at www.ewsigint.net.
Enabling strength in numbers Our innovations allow manned and unmanned platforms in challenging environments to share situational awareness and tactical workloads with adaptive responses to new threat signals. From advanced electronics, autonomy, and cyber to electronic warfare, sensors, and processing, our R&D capabilities are enabling the distributed EW mission.
www.baesystems.com/radj