• YO YOUR Y OUR O UR HEALTH UR HEAL ALTH AL TH: It’s t’s Too Hot!, 6 • EARTH TRUSTEE: Floods!, 7 • HOW DOES IT WORK?: WORK?: A Planetarium, 10 • COMPUTER COMPUTERACY: RACY: ACY Th The he Wind Windows dows Desktop, Deskktop, 11 11 • INTEREST NTE TERE REST STT ACTIVITY: ACTI AC TIVI VITY TY: A Sun V Viewer, iewer, 14
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The Sccience ence and Technology Magazine of Stu tudent tu dent’ss Digest Publications Vol. o XIIII • No. o 6 • January Ja ua y – February eb ua y 2009 009 • ISSN SS 0118-3559 0 8 3559
CONCEPT MAP: Kinds of Weather • 8-9 CONCEPT ARTICLLE E: The Daytime e Star S • 12-13
You use water in your important is water? Can
sdmags.net Jenilee A. Abenes
Measuring water from space Sciientists launched satellites in space that can measure water levels on Earth. These satellites will record the movements of the water in oceans, oceans seas, lakes, seas lakes rivers and even under the ground. This will help scientists tell what is happening to the bodies of water on Earth and how global warming is affecting the planet.
Every drop d off water t Id drink, i k H l m Helps me work, play and think. Every drop of water I pour H Helps me do my every chore. m T each person, plant and animal, To Water is really vital. W For life and health it nourishes, And strength it replenishes. Saving waterr we must observee, Every drop we must preserve. So it will not run out or be dirtied,, Let us protect every drop we need.
Nila V. Mata, Publisher • Lilia M. Rabago, Ph.D., Science Education Consultant • Carmelita C. Co C ronel & Celinia J. Dicen, • Antonette Yap–Castillo, Supervising Editor • Karla P. Abulencia, Ezekiel T. Manalaysay & Jenilee A. Abenes, Stafff Writers Staf W • Fra F anc ncis isco co DC DC. Men Menddoza, Art & Design Superviisor • Ma Ma. Jho Jhoan anna na M. M Da Dajo joya yagg, Grap Graphic/ hic/Layo Layout ut A Artis rtistt • Noe Noell L. Per Perez ez, Area Editors
Imagesetting & Stripping Supervisor
S&T Digest Grade 1 edition is published quarterly during the school year by SD Publications, Inc. with business and editorial offices at Viball Pub Publis lishin hingg Hous H ousee , Inc Inc., G . Ara Aranet netaa A Ave ve. co corr. Ma Ma. Cl Clara ara St St., Que Quezon zon Ci City ty • Tels Tels.: .: 712 712-2722 loc. 319/ 712-9156 to 59. Em E-mail:sdmagsonline@gmail.com. Member: Philippine Educational Publishers Association • Approved as a supplem l enttary ry ma mater terial ial for science and technology by the Department of Education (DepEd) per letter dated September 18, 2000.
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S&T DIGEST • GRADE 1
Supernova! Stars, after a long time of burning bright, eventuallyy die. Some stars slowlyy g get smallerr and cooler until they stop burning. Some become giants and shrink until only a cloud d of gas can be seen. Very big stars, though, gro row even larger and explode into a supernova. A supernova is a very bright explosion and can bee seen even from far away.
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TASTY WATER Have you ever said, “This water tastes g good”? Water is not onlyy colorless and odorless, it is tasteless, too! Pure water has no taste. However, minerals, gases and other substances found in water add “taste” to it. Most minerals found in clean drinking water are not harmful and the gases are mostly oxygen or carbon dioxide.
White clouds Have you ever wondered why clouds are white? They are white because the tiny droplets of water or ice that make up clouds let light pass through them and scatter the colors. Since they do not absorb any color, they look white. When the droplets increase in number and the cloud becomes thicker, not all the colors can pass through it or scatter. This makes the cloud gray. S&T DIGEST • JANUARY – FEBRUARY 2009
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Cheryl Ann Martinez–Dancel
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ne day, Mic th he millk, Josh the juice and Walter the water were sitting on the kitchen counter. “I bet, when Baby Michael wakes up, he will cry and ask for me. He will drink me up to the last drop. Oh, how he loves me! Mrs. Cruz says I make him healthy and strong,” Mic cheerfully said. “And I bet, when Sheena arrives from school, she will grab me and drink me as fast as she can. She feels refreshed every time she drinks me. She says that I help make her body fit,” Josh happily said. Walter, on the other hand, just sat quietly. True enough, when Baby Michael woke up, he asked for Mic and drank him up to the last drop. And when Sheena arrived, she grabbed Josh and drank him as fast as she could.
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S&T DIGEST • GRAD GRADE 1
No ow w, only Waltter ter was left on the countter. He felt alo one and useless. “II wish I am useeful like Mic and Josh,” he said. Walter’s mothe er, who was sitting in a big jug, heard him m. “You’re not useless, son. In fact, we are the most useful liquid in the world,” she said, smiling. “More useful than juice and milk?” Walter asked. “Yes. You see, almost all drinks, whether they be juice, milk, coffee, tea or soft drinks, nks, contain water. People will not bee able to enjoy these drinks without uss. Do you think people will enjoy pow wdered drinks with hout water to dissolve them?” she asked. “You’ree right! The same goes for ready-to-drrink beverages,, there’s water mixeed with them,” Walterr realized.
“Correct. That’s because water is a unive ersal solvent. It can dissolve many subsstances,” his mother said. “Mom, I can think of more things “M we ca an do. We are used for cooking, bath hin ng, wassh hing dishes and clothes, cleaan ning thin ng gs, and water t ring pla antts!” Walter exciteed dly added. “That’s true. And true people l are not the only ones who need us. All living things also need water to stay healthy,” his mother agreed. “Now, can you think of more uses of water?” she asked. “Hmmm..., I just thought of my cousins, the bodies of water. They’re useful, too. They are home to fishes and other water animals and plants. In fact, these living things would die if they were taken out of water,” Walter said. “And don’t forget, they also serve as passageways for water vehicles...” his mother said. “And places for swimming!” Walter added. “Water is also used in factories that make food products, clothing, medicines, toys, paper or any other kind of factory you can think of,” his mother said.
“Even appliance and computer factories?” Walter asked. “Of course. One way or another, factories use water, like for washing food ingredients and tools, and for cleaning machines,” she said. “You see, water is very useful to people, plants and animals. Now tell me, is there any other liquid which can do all these things?” Walter’s mother asked. “Hmmm... I can’t think of any. But I’m sure we can’t use milk nor juice for these purposes,” Walter answered. From then on, Walter never felt useless again. He realized how useful water is to everyone in the world.
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liquid – matter that freely flows and takes the shape of its container dissolve – to mix with a liquid to produce a liquid that is the same throughout solvent – a substance capable of dissolving other substances
S&T DIG GEST • JANUARY – FEBRUARY 2009
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ne day, Mia and Christine h were playing under the sun sun. It was a very hot day. Suddenly, Mia felt weak and dizzy. Christine called their mo other for help. Their mother quickly helped Mia into an air-conditioned room and loosened her clothes. She asked Christine to get a glass o of water for her sister to drink. “Whaat happened to Ate, Mom?” Christine asked. “We were just playing a while ago.” “It is very hot outside,” their mother answereed. “Your sister might be suffering g from heat exhaustion.” Heatt exhaustion happens when a person g gets too hot. Because he/she sweats ttoo much, body fluids are easily lost and the body is not able to cool itself fasst enough. When n this happens, the person becomes pale and weak. He/She he may also o feel tired and dizzy. Oth her
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S&T DI D GE G ST • GR GRAD A E1 AD
JJen enil ilee ee A A. Ab Aben enes es
symptoms are muscle l cramps, headache and nausea nausea. The person may even faint from too much tiredness. A person suffering from heat exhaustion needs to be carried to a cool place. His/Her clothes should be loosened to make breathing g and keeping cool easier. He/She must then be given a sponge bath with co ool, but not cold, water. You must always protect you urself when you go out during a hot day. Heree are some tips to help you: • Drink plenty of water. Avoid soft drinks and other drinks with caffeine because they will make you more thirsty and hot. • Take a few breaks under a shade to cool down. • Wear light-colored and thin clothes. • After staying under the sun, take a bath in cool but not cold water. water
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Jenil i ee A il A. Ab Aben enes en e
ou woke up one morning and it was raining hard. You turned on the TV. According to the news, classes were suspended becausse of heavy rains and flood. You felt haappy. You could play all day! But should d you be happy that classes were suspen nded because of flood? A fllood is simply too much water on thee streets and places where there should d be no water. It is brought about by heaavy rains which cause bodies of water to overflow. A flood may rise slowly or very fast. Floo ods can cause us a lot of harm. It can destroy houses and properties. It can brring g manyy diseases. It can destroyy plants and kill animals, too. Wh hen streets are flooded, water enters sewage systems and carries garbage and other sewage materiaals out with it. When these materials get into
sdmags.net bodies of water, water they can harm fishes and other plants and animals in them. Floods can also cause soil erosion. This means that soil is washed away from hills, mountains and other high places. When soil is eroded, nutrients are washed away, too. This make land unfit for planting crops. As you can see, floods bring many problems. That is why we should help prevent floods. Here are simple things that you can do: • Plant trees. The roots of trees absorb water from the soil. They also hold the soil in place and thus, prevent erosion, too. g g properly p p y. • Throw yyour garbage Garbage can fill rivers, creeks and other bodies of water. It can clog canals and drainage systems. When itt raains, water is blocked by garbage. Water cannot go anywhere so it over flows.
S&T DI D GEST GESTT • JA GE JANU NUAR NU ARY AR Y – FE EBR B UA UARY RY 200 0 9
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concept map
INTER
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sun’s heat
SUNNY
CLOUDY
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WIN
The wind The sky is clear.
The sky is covered with clouds.
ACTION
Weather is the condition of the air around us at a given time. It may be described as sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy or stormy.
of
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r
water gives rise to different kinds of weather such as
NDY
RAINY
is strong. Rain falls continuously.
Strong winds come with heavy rains.
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sdmags.net o you like watching the sky at night? Do you evver wonder how far the moon is from Earth? What makes up a star? There are many ways to learn about heavenly bodies bodies. You can read books books, surf the Internet, use a telescope to view the sky or visit a planetarium. A planetarium is like a cinema. But unlike an ordinary cinema, a planetarium shows films about heavenly bodies as they are seen in space. A planetarium has a dome-shaped ceiling which acts as the screen. A machine called a projector beams images of the sun, moon, stars and other heavenly bodies to the screen.
The images will ap ppear and d move liike real heavenlly bodies. Viewers wiill feel like they have traveled to outer space without actually leaving Earth! There are lots of things you can learn in a planetarium. planetarium It can show the beginning of the Earth up to the present day. It can show the constellations (groups of stars that form patterns) and the movement of the planets around the sun. It can also simulate sunrise and sunset in different parts of the world. Some planetariums can show weather phenomena like cloud and storm formations. Others can take viewers on a journey to Mars, across the galaxy or into a black hole!
Do you want to visit a planetarium? You can go to the Manila Planetarium m (Rizal Park, Manila), the PAGASA Planetarium m (Science Garden, Agham Road, Q.C.) or the Digistar Planetarium m (SM Science Discovery Center, SM Mall of Asia).
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S&T DI DIGE GE G ES STT • G GRRAD ADE 1
The Windows Desktop Ω
JJen enil en nil i ee e A. A Ab A enes
icrosoft Windowss is the mostt co ommon operating ti system (OS) used today. An OS is a program that runs and manag ges all the other programs in a computter. When your comp puter finishes staarting up, you will firstt see the Windowss desktop. The desktop is wh here you willl workk. It contaains all the th hings you need d to easily do things in n the computer. Do you kn now how to o use the Windows deskto op? Beforre you do that, you u have to know w its parrts. • Deesktop ba ackground. Th his is the bacckground d picture of your deskktop p. Yo ou can change it to any pictu ure you want — a pictu ure of your peet, yourr favoritee cartoo on ch haracteer, even a picturee of yo ourself! • Icons. Thesee are small picturres or symb bols on n your deskttop. They are used to reepressent applications (programs you use)), folderrs (where you keep files) or filess (things you have made) in yo our computer.
• Taskbar. This is a bar at th he bottom of the wiindow. d It conttains i the follow wing: a. Start button. This gives a list of the progrrams and sometimes, the files and folders, in your computter. b. Quick launch bar. These are butttons beside the Start button. They are useed to open selectted programs. c. Task butttonss. These buttons represents each open application or windo ow in n the computer. d. Notificcatio on areea. This is found at the far right off the taskbar. It sho ows the time and date. It also no otiffiess you if there is something you neeed to do, like read a new e-maill orr check for virrusees.
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desktop d p ba back ckgr g ound
ic cons
taskkbar ta
start button n qu uic ickk laun ick la aunch b ba arr a
taskk b ta but utto ut tton ton
notifi n otification cation area are S&T DI DIGEST • JANU NUAR ARY Y – FEBRUARY 2009
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ou may have heard or read about astronauts who floated in space to repair spacce vehicles. There we ere astronauts who did experiments in space aboard spacecrafts or space stations. Almost 40 years ago, two astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, walked on the moon! If they have done these things in space, do you think they could also walk on the sun’s surface? Nobody, not even the smartest and bravest astronaut, has thought of getting close to the sun. This is because the sun is much too hot for anything to
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S&T DIGEST • GRADE 1
Cheryl Ann Martinez–Dancel
lan nd on it or even n get near it. The sun’s surface is abou ut 5500 °C or more than 500 times hotter than boiling water. Its ceenter is said to be about 15 000 000 °C or 1.5 million times hotter than boiling waater! If you could d go near the sun, you yo would ould see huge flares of hot gas from the surface shooting thousands of kilometers into space. The sun’s surface would look like a boiling pot of soup, only much, much hotter. Can you imagine how hot the sun is? Why is the sun so hot? The sun is a huge, burning ball of gases that has no solid surface like the Earth. These gases are mostly hydrogen
and helium. They are so o hot that they make the sun glow. The sun does not burn in the same way that a fire burns. Ins Instead d, the heat and pressure inside it caause the particles of hydrogen and d heliu um to fuse or join together, pro oducin ng a huge amount of energy. This energy e from the sun’s center slowly flo ows to its surface. When it reaches the t surr face, it is sent into space as heat at and light energy. Most of the time it is useful... The sun is actually an ord dinaryy star. This means that there iis notthing g special about it. However, to o all livin ing g things, the sun is the most im mpo ortan nt star in the universe. All living g th hings — people, plants and animals — need the he sun’s heat and light to live. Most plants cannot make their food through the process of photo ossynthesis without sunlight. If plantss ccaan nnot n make food, they will die. W Withou ut plants, people and animals will not have oxygen to breathe in. Th here would also be no food. All livving things will die without the sun because Earth will be a very cold placee to live in. But sometimes, it can be harmful, too! Too much sunlight can cause sunburn or worsse, skin cancer. Light coming from m the sun can also harm the eyes if a person looks directly at it.
It can also cause heat stroke. Evven plants and animals may die because of too much heat from the sun. This is why you must always remember not to o stay too long under the sun’s heat and light. light
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photosynthesis – the food-making process in green plants sunbburn – a burn on the skkin caused by staying too long under the sun heat stroke – a serious heat-rrelated condition wherein a person stops sweating and has a very high boddy temperatture
S&T DIGEST • JANUARRY – FEBRUARY 2009
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JJenilee il A il A. Ab Abenes A b
void looking directly at the sun. Its rays can damage your eyes and can even make you blind! But there is a safe way to observe the sun. Just ffollow ll th the di directions ti b below. l You will need: two pieces of cardboard (or a short white folder cut into two) aluminum foil a pin pencil scissors clear sticky tape You will: 1. Ask an adult to help you cut a 5-cm 1 square on the center of one piece of cardboard/folder. 2.. Cover the hole with aluminum foil. Tape the foil to the cardboard/folder.
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S&T DIGEST • GRADE 1
3. On the center of the foil, carefully pierce a small hole using a pin or the sharp end of a pencil. 4. Stand with your back to the sun. Hold your “sun viewer” above your shoulder or to your side, in the direction of the sun. 5. Use the other piece of cardboard/ c folder as a “screen” n” to t show the light passing through the th aluminum foil hole. 6. Hold the cardbo boards/folders at different distan nces to change the size and brightnesss of the sun’s image.
DIRECTIONS: Read each questioon carefully, then blackken D the circlle besiide the letter that corresponds to the best answer. Check your answers with your teacher afterwards.
1. Earth is one of the ____________ revolving around the sun. ❍ a. asteroids ❍ b. meteors ❍ cc. planets ❍ dd. stars 2. What W covers 3/4 of Earth’s surface? ❍ a. air ❍ c. land ❍ b. clouds ❍ d. water 3. Which Wh of the following is a landform? ❍ a. hill ❍ c. river ❍ b. b oocean ❍ d. sea 4. ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
What can you do during a stormy day? a. Fly a kite. b. Go to school. c. Sta Stay at home. d. Play Pla outdoors.
5. What at should s you NOT wear during a rainyy da day? ❍ a. jacket acke ❍ b. rainccooat ❍ c. thinn clothes c ❍ d. thick ck cclothes
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Which of the following can you see during the day? ❍ a. comet ❍ c. sun ❍ b. meteor ❍ d. star
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7. ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
What do you call a round moon? a. full moon b. half moon c. new moon d. crescent moon
8. Which of these can you NOT seee in the sky at night? ❍ a. meteor ❍ c. rainbow ❍ b. moon ❍ d. stars 9. ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
Why can we NOT see the sun at night? a. We are sleeping. b. It is far away from Earth. c. It is covered by the moon. d. We are on the side of the Earth away from the sun.
10. ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
Moonlight is __________ sunlight. a. absorbed b. reflected c. refracted d. stolen
S&T DI DIGE GEST ST • JA J NU NUAR ARY AR Y – FE FEBR BRUA BR UARY UA RY 2 200 009 00 9
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F UN
WITH
THE SUN! Ω
Jenilee A. Abenes
Th he sun is veery important to lifee on Earth h. The word “sun” is also imp portant. There are many wo ord ds thatt can be formed using sun + ano other wo ord d. Caan you find all of them in this “sunny” puzzle?
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sunbathing sunbeaam sunbbloock sunnburn Suunday sundial
sunfish sunflow wer sunglassses sunscreenn sunshine suuntan
(Thhe correct answers are in the Teac (T TTeea her’s Edition.)