GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN SONIPAT 131001
BUILDING REPORT STUDENT HOSTEL FOR CHANDIGARH GROUP OF COLLEGES, LANDRAN
Submitted by: Shivam Dhawan (GCAD/16/225)
Acknowledgement I express my sincere thanks to Ar. Aman Aggarwal, Principal architect, Charged Voids for his support and guidance. It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of gratitude to Ar. Rahul Vig, Ar. Swati Agarwal, Mr. Javed Akhtar Siddiqui & Ar. Bhawna Tomar for their careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for my study both theoretically and practically. My sincere thanks to our Prof. Anil Kumar, H.O.D, Gateway College of Architecture & Design, Sonipat and other faculty staff for their encouragement throughout my training period. A special thanks to all my all colleagues who have more or less contributed throughout my training period. I perceive this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I will continue to work on their improvement, in order to attain desired career objectives. Hope to continue cooperation with all of you in the future,
About Charged Voids The firm was established to continue the search for creating a transcendent and spiritual character in architecture. The endeavor is to build timeless architecture that is a reflection of our time yet rooted in our heritage, not just in its visual appeal and materiality but also in its knowledge of elements of nature and response to climate. The practice is just a means to search for that sutra of continuity that could bind our rich and glorious past and the beads of the future. The design intent of the firm is to create architecture that is an amalgamation of the traditional eastern planning aspects and the western aesthetic aspects. It aims to create environments which interact with nature through all of the five senses. The projects depict a wholesome combination of the clients’ requirements and the architect’s creativity. The firm follows a minimalistic approach towards their designs. The designs are thought of in such a way that they serve utilitarian purposes efficiently but at the same time have an aesthetic which is clean and pure. The scale of the projects has a certain grandeur to it which is brought about by the materiality and the design intention. The minimalism that the firm strives to achieve is backed by it’s minute detailing. The depth in terms of thought for each and every aspect of the design is remarkably comprehensive and thorough. This quality is what allows the designs to be as aesthetic and minimal as they are.
Contents 1. Introduction of the project 2. Site Analysis - Surroundings and context - Climate Analysis 3. Design Concept (design process) 4. Site Zoning 5. Building Analysis - Building zoning - Space analysis - Building form - Built-in furniture 6. Circulation (Site and building (horizontal and vertical)) 7. Services (MEP – Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing) 8. Parking 9. Construction technology and Materials 10. Energy efficiency and Sustainability 11. Details 12. Architectural experience 13. Miscellaneous
Project Details
After completion photo, CGC Students Hostel
1. Project name - Student Hostel for Chandigarh Group of Colleges 2. Typology - Residence 3. Location - Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Kharar-Banur Highway, Sector112, Greater Mohali, Punjab- 140307, India 4. Client name- Chandigarh Group of Colleges 5. Architectural Firm- Charged Voids, Panchkula 6. Plot Area- 27,400 Sq. Ft. 7. Total Built up area- 1, 35,000 Sq. Ft. 8. Estimated cost of the project- 20.25 Crores 9. Completion date- March 2018
Introduction A hostel is like a family of students with the superintendent as the head. Students develop a sense of friendship and fellow feeling. Students learn the value of discipline. It teaches them a sense of responsibility in matters of taking care of books, clothes and health. Students do all the works with their own hands, thus becoming self-dependent. They try to manage themselves with the money from their father. They learn to adjust themselves with all kinds of situations that can be expected in one’s life. Mutual cooperation, sympathy, and love are characteristics of hostel life. It will not be an exaggeration to say that only a hostel is the place where an allround development of personality is possible.
The Student Hostel for Chandigarh Group of Colleges is located in Landran, a peri urban area in the vicinity of Mohali (Punjab) a satellite town of Chandigarh. Chandigarh is a city designed by Le Corbusier located 250km from New Delhi and is a symbol of modernism in India. The site is located within the campus of “Chandigarh Group of Colleges”. It is a campus of almost 25 acres.
Location of CGC with location of site proposed by Client & Architect The project is to design a boy’s hostel for 500 students in a campus, which has 12000 students and an existing residential capacity for 4000 students. Like most privately owned institutes in the region. The primary parameter from the client was to design a building in less than Rs.1500/ sq. ft.
The site was selected by client in the existing master plan of the campus which was an existing green area where he had proposed to do a linear block, instead of wasting the green space an odd shape existing bus yard was proposed to the client which is originally assumed to be unfit for building and also posed challenges to create socially active and environmentally sustainable spaces. It houses 483 students with recreational triple height sunken courts & double height common areas, multipurpose lobby areas, reading areas, gym, sports room, audio/visual room, atrium and mess facilities. The contorting central atrium allows natural light to penetrate deeper in the building. The building is also cost effective, built at a rate less than Rs.1500/ sq. ft. without compromising on construction quality. The focus was given on design the living spaces for the students and lot of congregational & spill over spaces are created to enhance the quality of living in the hostel. One of them is the bridges that bisected the atrium at each level in a different way at each level. These bridges play multiple roles with in the built spaces. As functional infrastructure, they facilitate the short movements on same floor from one end to another. They can also serve as social connectors, facilitating interaction between people and also act as an emotional connector with which people remind them of the places, they call home.
Site Analysis Landran is a Village in Kharar Tehsil in S.A.S Nagar District of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 KM towards west from District headquarters Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 1km from Kharar and 13km from State capital Chandigarh. Kharar, Mohali, Chandigarh, Zirakpur are the nearby Cities to Landran. Carved out of Ropar and Patiala, SAS Nagar (Mohali) was named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS), son of Guru Gobind Sahib. The 18th district of Punjab, since its information on 14th April 2006, has emerged as a happening urban hub. As it grew in the fields of Education, Industry and Sports, it attracted students and professionals from all over the region. The new vibrant city with its flourishing industries, efficient transportation, wide roads, ultramodern infrastructure and greenery is all set to become a metropolis. Location: The Site of CGC Landran is in the Campus of Chandigarh Group of Colleges. The building is made keeping in mind the needs of users, their activities, Sun Path and the Wind Direction. The site is surrounded by the various Building Blocks of the Campus like Sukhsagar Hostel, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy and a Playground in front of the building. The whole Campus is surrounded by the Green Farms and Fields. Geographic Location: Latitude: 30.684992147° Longitude: 76.664094068°
Orientation: The main edge of site which lies towards the Campus Road is South-West facing. The orientation of the site plays a very important role in siting of the building.
Site Slope:
Contour Map of site The Lines shows the slope of the site which has the maximum difference of 2M in Contours Elevation. The site has the slope towards the South side. The Topography of the site is even. It is mostly a plain of alluvial type. It also has loam to heavy loam and sand to sandy loam soils in certain areas. Soil is rich in nutrients and suitable for crops like wheat, Paddy, Maize, Potato and Vegetables etc.
Access: By Air CGC Landran is 20 km from Chandigarh International Airport, Chandigarh. By Rail SAS Nagar (Mohali) Railway Station in Sector 65 is about 12 km from the CGC Landran. It connects places like New Delhi, Alwar, Agra, Kanpur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Asansol and Lucknow with the city. By Road The city has a Bus Terminal in Sector 8, which receives buses from places like Chandigarh, New Delhi, Haryana and other parts of Punjab. A new Terminal and Commercial Complex with world class amenities for passengers is under construction.
Climate Analysis: Mohali falls under Koeppen's Cwg category i.e. it has cold dry winter, hot summer and subtropical monsoon. Evaporation usually exceeds precipitation and the weather is generally dry. The area experiences four seasons: (i) Summer or hot season (mid-March to midgame) (ii) Rainy season (late June to mid-September) (iii) Post monsoon autumn/transition season (mid-September to mid-November) (iv) Winter (mid-November to mid-March). The dry spell of summer is long but with occasional drizzles or thunder storms. May and June are the hottest months of the year with mean daily maximum & minimum temperatures being about 40°C & 25°C, respectively. Maximum temperatures can rise up to 46°C. Southwest monsoons with high intensity showers commence in late June. The weather at this time is hot and humid. The variation in annual rainfall on year to year basis is appreciable i.e. 700 mm to1200 mm. The twenty-year average rainfall for Mohali is 1100.7 mm. January is the coldest month with mean, maximum and minimum temperatures being around 24°C and 1.8°C, respectively. Winds are generally light and blow from northwest to southeast direction with exception of easterly to south-easterly winds that blow on some days during the summer season.
Wind Direction: The average hourly wind speed in Mohali experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for 5.2 months, from January 19 to June 25, with average wind speeds of more than 6.4 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is April 20, with an average hourly wind speed of 7.9 miles per hour.
The calmer time of year lasts for 6.8 months, from June 25 to January 19. The calmest day of the year is September 4, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.8 miles per hour.
Distribution of Wind in Percentage (Year) (Source: Windfiner.com)
Wind Rose Diagram of Mohali according to the four seasons:
Figure. Wind rose plot for the measurement site for the winter (December–February), summer (March–June), monsoon (July–September) and post-monsoon (October and November) seasons. Wind speed and wind direction were measured at a height of 20 ma.g.l. (Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282639707 ) Rainfall Mohali experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The rainy period of the year lasts for 10.0 months, from December 21 to October 20, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around July 29, with an average total accumulation of 8.5 inches. The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.0 months, from October 20 to December 21. The least rain falls around November 15, with an average total accumulation of 0.2 inches.
Sun Path Analysis The length of the day in Mohali varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2019, the shortest day is December 22, with 10 hours, 10 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 8 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise is at 5:19 AM on June 11, and the latest sunrise is 2 hours, 2 minutes later at 7:21 AM on January 9. The earliest sunset is at 5:21 PM on December 3, and the latest sunset is 2 hours, 9 minutes later at 7:29 PM on June 30.
Summer Solstice
Autumn/ Fall Solstice
Winter Solstice
Spring/ Vernal Eqinox
Sun Path Diagram for Location
Summer Sun
Winter Sun
Design Process: The idea was to design a Hostel for the students of CGC on an open play ground within the campus. But to retain a very potential green space for future landscaping and to maintain the green cover, an abandoned bus yard was proposed to be used as the site. The challenge was to use an odd shaped site to its fullest potential. The process was started off with the idea of 3 different blocks placed diagonally to the site with a central space between them. Basic Axial Arrangement (In accordance to the site) refer Diagram 1 – Form Evolution Three separate building had a great advantage of having to receive ample Light and Ventilation but the problem was lack of Interaction/ Spill over spaces and the Central space not used to its fullest potential - A Liminality in the process. The ambiguity of the central space led to changing orientation of the individual blocks from along axis to having it connected end to end (Diagram 2). This led to the formation of a Central Atrium within the interior of the building having to eliminate ambiguity. To create functional spaces the corners were used as toilet spaces, services area resulting in the formation of the Triangular structure/form (Diagram 5). As the evolution progressed balconies were aligned with respect to the elevation and a fully functional design was produced. Further additions to enhance the quality of living and public space are Bridges as Congregational spaces, Double height spaces and sunken spaces for Public use. Triangular shape building on an odd shaped site with further division of spaces for public and private use with internal spill over spaces, congregational spaces on higher levels achieving full functionality with maximum usage of site and providing quality living is What the hostel stands for. Further following various principles of Le Corbusier this building stand as a complete package of functionality, good quality living spaces, safety, sustainability, Modularity and maximum optimization in an economical way.
Form Evolution
Design Concept: The concept was to design a simple triangular plan that could be laid on an odd shaped site. The primary idea was to design a hostel building with no boundary walls in a campus divided by gated compounds for all living spaces. This would also serve the purpose of creation of public spaces and amenities in a campus that has a serious shortage of covered spill over spaces.
Simple Geometric Triangular plan laid on an odd shaped site. The site was odd shaped. To achieve a symmetrical facade with the maximum ground coverage on site, the plan was derived and a triangular form was achieved with symmetry in facade and maximum ground coverage on site.
Central Triangular Atrium to allow natural light from sky. The Central Atrium Space is created to allow the natural light deep inside the building. The place acts as an indoor space where social activities can happen. It can help catalyze interaction between different students looking up to one another. The geometry and the voids are created in the atrium volume to generate the feeling of surprise keeping in mind the concept to generate the interaction between the students so that the students on upper floors also takes part in life’s everyday pleasures, along with the lower floors.
Amorphous double height public space created for all the students in the campus, divided by gated hostel compounds.
Double height space provides with better ventilation and increased lighting, without having to compromise on enhanced feel of spaciousness and psychological wellbeing allowing the user to experience the space.
Zoning – Public spaces on the lower floors and Private spaces on the upper floors.
The common areas are planned on the lower floors and all other private spaces are created on the upper floors to divide the public and private zones.
Separating the entrances to divide the Public & Private zones and to make public and private entrances separate and distinguishable.
Since there is a combination of public and private spaces, two separate entrances were designed to create division of spaces as a viable option, i.e. separation of users based on usage to reduce human traffic in a given space at a given time and also provide privacy for the residents who are the main users.
Entrances
Bridges as Congregational Spaces at the private levels. The bridges are designed that bisected the atrium at each level in a different way. These bridges play multiple roles with in the built spaces. As a functional infrastructure, they facilitate the short movements on same floor from one end to another. They act as social connectors & facilitate interaction between people which brings up an emotional connection between people making them feel at home.
Photographs of Bridges
Site Zoning: The site is located in the campus of Chandigarh Group of Colleges which is almost 25 Acres having a number of Blocks, Parking Areas, Services, and Playgrounds & Parks. The campus contains an Admin block, 12 Academic Blocks, 4 Hostel blocks, Workshops, Lecture Halls, and a lot of green areas.
Campus plan of CGC Landran
The campus plan shows two areas of site for student hostel for CGC, one which is proposed by client and one which is proposed by the Architect. If we study the zoning of campus then we will able to notice that the campus is divided into two main divisions of Academic Zones and other for Hostels.
Basic zoning of campus
Site for Student Hostel For CGC
The site proposed by architect is the area used for the Bus Parking which is near to all the existing hostel blocks and also lies in the Hostel Zone according to the Campus existing Zoning. 1. Entrance to Public Facilities. 2. Ramp: Entrance to Private Areas. 3. Double Ht. Common Area. 4. Double Ht. Common Area. 5. Triple Ht. Space. 6. Common Private Area 7. Mess 8/9: Vertical Circulation Zoning of Areas on site (1,3,4,5 as Public Entry & Spaces) (2,6,7,8,9 as Private Entry & Spaces)
Building Analysis:
After analysis of building we can say the idea is: To Create a Unique, Attractive Space 1. That responds to context 2. That blends the indoors and outdoors creating in-between 3. Blending building and the landscape together, creating a holistic campus - with unique landmark and spaces that the students cherish 4. That integrates art with architecture - creating visual interest, value addition, a splash of color. To Create a Functional Space 1. That promotes interaction - spaces that encourage the free exchange of ideas, innovation and creative thinking - spatial planning that encourages social and academic interactions. 2. That pays meticulous attention to details of daily life - innovative means that increase comfort and convenience of the users - increases the ease of maintenance and aesthetics 3. that is sustainable in its entirety - promotes material and service innovations - is socially cohesive and has economy at its heart 4. That evolves continuously - cyclic process of designing, consulting and decision making, narrowing down a range of alternatives to achieve the best set of solutions from a balanced perspective - flexible and adaptable design to suit the changing needs, times and site conditions. The hostel buildings have their own surprising open social spaces at different levels, which will promote a sense of belonging in the residents. The buildings have their own individual faces and character, importantly responding to climate.
1. Building Zoning: The Building has the public zones for the all the campus students also and public as well as private zones for the main users of the building also. The basement and the front area are the spaces which are designed for all the users of the campus. The Public zone contains areas like: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Double Ht. Common Area (on Ground Floor) Triple Ht. entrance area (main entrance to basement for Public) Sunken Court Multipurpose Lobby Area Sports Room Audio/Visual Room Documentation Room Storage Room
The main entrance to the private zone is the entrance from the Ramp which is transitional space for the Private Zone. The Private Zones also contains some common spaces for the hostelers residing. The Zone contains areas like: 1. Atrium 2. Reception Counter 3. Waiting Area 4. Newspaper Reading Stand 5. Dining Area 6. Kitchen Area 7. Reading Areas 8. Terrace 9. Furniture Storage Room 10. Warden Room 11. Warden Office 12. Rooms with Balcony 13. Bridges 14. Facilities 15. Vertical Circulation Some Spaces are common in the Private Spaces which we can say as Semi-Public Spaces which includes areas like: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Atrium Waiting Area Newspaper Reading Stand Terraces Reading Areas Dining Area Bridges Facilities
The Facilities are provided on the three corners of the triangular plan.
2. Space Analysis: The Common areas are generally double heighted or triple heighted. This provides the functional advantages; the double height provides aesthetical virtues. In addition to the uniqueness provided by the project, the double height makes the limitations between spaces disappear, so that the ground floor also takes part in life’s everyday pleasures, along with the lower basement floor. Therefore, the double height has become an icon in modernity, because of both its clear open personality and avant-garde character, as well as being because of the space wealth which it is able to provide.
Ramp Entrance
Atrium
sunken courts
3. Building Form: “Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and space … Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, color, all combine to inject a quality or spirit that articulates space. The quality of the architecture will be determined by the skill of the designer in using and relating these elements, both in the interior spaces and in the spaces around buildings”. - Edmund N. Bacon. The Design of Cities Form in architecture not just plays a very crucial role but it is probably the most debated subject as well. It is not just simply the shape or configuration of a building but it comprises of lot many elements be it a point, line, plane or a volume. The form of Student Hostel for CGC is derived from the basic concept of planning of spaces in such a way, which forms the shape of a triangle in plan which is best suited to site. The triangle is not a regular or equilateral, one of the angles at rear side is 52° and other two in front side is 64°. The three faces of triangle are the basic form of the Hostel which is beautifully composed by using the principles of proportions that shows the coherence of composition and geometry. The result of this formula is generally seen as the ideal proportion and epitome of aesthetics and harmony. The massive volume appears to be floating, the ribbon of balconies with the band of steel frames on both ends all above the open spaces makes the form appears to be floating. Even though that these elements are quite figural and open to interpretation based on perception, there is an inherent connection between the two.
Ground Floor Plan
Basement Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Third Floor Plan
Fourth Floor Plan
Fifth Floor Plan
Sixth Floor Plan
Seventh Floor Plan
Eighth Floor Plan
Terrace Floor Plan
Typical Room Layout Plan
Typical room plan
4. Built-in furniture: The Furniture of mess area and the rooms are designed by choosing the materials which needs less maintenance and are easy to use.
Mess Area Furniture
Room Furniture
Mess Area Furniture
The Furniture used in kitchen and in rooms are designed by choosing the materials which needs very less maintenance so that it can be used as long as they can be.
CIRCULATION: SITE CIRCULATION: The Building is located in the campus of Chandigarh group of colleges which has the seven main entrances from the different directions. All the entrances can take us to the Students Hostel. The approach can easily be understood by using the site plan of the campus.
Location of Student Hostel for Chandigarh group of colleges.
Campus Plan of Chandigarh Group of Colleges MAIN ENTRANCES TO CAMPUS. The roads from the main entrance are used for both movements i.e. Pedestrian as well as Vehicular.
Approach to Site: There are various roads inside the campus which connects all the blocks with each other. Hence forms the good connection links between each other.
Location of Student Hostel for Chandigarh group of colleges.
Campus Plan of Chandigarh Group of Colleges
The pink arrow is showing the roads which lead towards the hostel block in the campus. The building has two main entrances one for main users and one for public spaces.
BUILDING CIRCULATION: The building has two entrances one is for public entrance and one is private entrance. The public entrance directly leads us to the public spaces & the private entrance is a ramp which leads to the spaces used by the hostellers.
Circulation on Ground Floor
Ground Floor Public Areas in Daytime
Sunken Court during Night
Entrance for public
The double heighted spaces at the left & right side of the image are the public spaces which are approached by the steps which also act as a sitting place for the students where large steps become extra play surfaces and stages for shows. The entrance which is in the middle of red walls are going downwards and leads to the public spaces designed in the basement like gym, sunken courts.
These are the steps which are at the entrance which just not only leads towards the double heighted social spaces for college students but also itself act as a social space for the groups. These spaces also act as a member of vertical circulation as well as the spaces which act as an extra play surfaces for groups of people.
Entrance for hostellers
The ramp is the main entrance for the people residing inside the hostel block. The entrance is a private entrance for the main users of the building which is easy to approach in terms of vertical circulation. This further leads inside the building which has horizontal surfaces, Corridors, Bridges for means of horizontal circulation inside the building and the couple of staircases and the lifts for the vertical circulation inside the building.
Section from staircase The building is having G+8 floors with basement and terrace. So, the two staircases and lifts are the important part of the building which connects all the floors, basement and terrace together from inside.
Bridges inside the Building \ The building also has Bridges which forms the spaces for interaction and also helps in horizontal movements on the floor. These bridges play multiple roles with in the built spaces. As a functional infrastructure, they facilitate the short movements on same floor from one end to another.
Terrace terrace
Eighth floor
Seventh floor
Sixth floor
Fifth floor
Fourth floor
Third floor
Second floor
Basement + Ground floor + First Floor
Red - Vertical circulation, White-Horizontal circulation Yellow -Rooms for the student, Grey -Facilities
PARKING The Parking for Students Hostel is not a very huge Parking. The Parking Space is available on the Left-Hand side of the site which has space for 2 Four Wheelers & 20 two wheelers which is just for emergency purposes and for Staff. The parking use by the users is the main Parking lot of the Campus which is used by the whole campus.
SERVICES Services on Terrace: The building has lots of services which can easily understandable if we start looking at services from the terrace.
Services which can be easily observed from terrace are: 1. Electrical Shafts. 2. Plumbing Shafts. 3. Over Head Flushing Tank. 4. Over Head Domestic Tank. 5. Over Head Fire Tank. 6. Water Heating System. 7. Solar Panels. 8. Fire Hose Cabinet.
View of Terrace The Terrace contains 3 Electrical Shafts, 4 Plumbing Shafts, 2 Fire Hose Cabinet, and One overhead Flushing Water tank of 12KL Capacity, One overhead Domestic Water Tank of 24KL Capacity, One overhead Fire Tank of 25KL Capacity, Solar Panels, Water Heating System. The Terrace is divided by ridges into four parts for creating slope for the drainage of Rain water. The Water Cooler & Purification systems are also placed on the terrace.
Terrace Plan of Students Hostel for Chandigarh Group of Colleges
The services for Electrical and Plumbing runs from the shafts which are basically run in a service area divided on each floor. Each floor contains its service area at the corners which has its own panel by which each floor is controlled separately. The system run similarly on each floor and serves the users. All the services area is near to the facilities which require all the services and can easily be travelled through the corners of the building. The shaft services are very well designed on the corners. The areas are covered by louvered screen of M.S which also acts as a part of the elevation and looks aesthetically good from the elevation. The shafts run separately also give safety and reduces the chances of mishap.
FIRE PIPING DIAGRAM:
Firefighting piping route diagram.
Fire alarm system According to National Building Code there are following requirements for Fire System: All buildings of 15 m. and above in height shall be equipped with fire alarm system, and also residential buildings (Dwelling House, Boarding House and Hostels) above 24 m. height. a) All residential buildings like dwelling houses (including flats) boarding houses and hostels shall be equipped with manually operated electrical fire alarm system with one or more call boxes located at each floor. The location of the call boxes shall be decided after taking into consideration their floor without having to travel more than 22.5 m. b) The call boxes shall be of the break glass type without any moving parts, where the call is transmitted automatically to the control room without any other action on the part of the person operating the call boxes. c) All call boxes shall be wired in a closed circuit to a control panel in a control room, located as per Bye-Laws so that the floor number from where the call box is actuated is clearly indicated on the control panel. The circuit shall also include one or more batteries with a
capacity of 48 hours normal working at full load. The battery shall be arranged to be a continuously trickle charged from the electric mains. d) The call boxes shall be arranged to sound one or more sounders so as to ensure that all occupants of the floor shall be warned whenever any call box is actuated. e) The call boxes shall be so installed that they do not obstruct the exit ways and yet their location can easily be noticed from either direction. The base of the call box shall be at a height of 1.5 m. from the floor level. f) All buildings other than as indicated above shall, in addition to the manually operated electrical fire alarm system, be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system. g) Automatic detection system shall be installed in accordance with the relevant standard specifications. In buildings where automatic sprinkler system is provided, the automatic detection system may not be insisted upon unless decided otherwise by the Chief Fire Officer.
HVAC System: Air-conditioning a) Air- conditioning system should be installed and maintained so as to minimize the danger of Spread of fire, smoke or fumes thereby from one floor of fire area to another or from outside into any occupied building or structure. b) Air -Conditioning systems circulating air to more than one floor area should be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire and thereby prevent spread of fire or smoke. Such a system should also be provided with automatic controls to stop fans in case of fire, unless arranged to remove smoke from a fire, in which case these should be designed to remain in operation. c) Air- conditioning system serving large places of assembly (over one thousand persons), large departmental stores, or hostels with over 100 rooms in a single block should be provided with effective means for preventing circulation of smoke through the system in the case of fire in air filters or from other sources drawn into the system even though there is insufficient heat to actuate heat smoke sensitive devices controlling fans or dampers. Such means shall consist of approved effective smoke sensitive controls. So according to National Building Code requirements the provision of air conditioning and ventilation taken into consideration. The Basement, Ground and First Floor has different module of HVAC and the floor above that follow the same HVAC module. The HVAC System is planned in the common areas and the throw of the system is planned from the outside so that the system cannot be misused by Hostlers. This system also saves electricity. The Below diagram shows the system and planning of HVAC system which is used in Students Hostel for Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran.
HVAC System Diagram for Hostel for CGC.
DRAINAGE SUMP SYSTEM & SUBMERSIBBLE SYSTEM IN BASEMENT
Drainage system on the Rear Sunken Court of Basement In the open areas in the basements like Sunken Courts the drainage system is also provided for proper drainage with the Submersible pumps.
Front side sunken court drainage
Typical Electrical Layout of a Hostel Room:
Typical Electrical layout of a room
Typical Plumbing Layout of Toilets:
Rear Side Typical Plumbing Layout Plan
Front Side Typical Plumbing Layout Plan
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Shear wall diagram Most buildings are built around a frame that provides the structure and support for the building. The Student Hostel for Chandigarh Group of Colleges is a RCC Frame structure & having lot of different kind of beams like Upturn, Downturn, and Concealed. The building is made of various combinations of materials which provide it both Structural Support as well as its aesthetics.
The building is totally finished with the Grit finish which is used in its Elevation as well as in the common areas in interiors. The grit finish has its own specifications:
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS The overall material palette is limited to simple white painted surfaces and grey grit finish. The flooring was the most economical local stone ‘kota’. Hence, the building is a simple geometric structure in the lowest possible cost yet ensuring a great interior space. The luxury was added by use of primary colors in typical Corbusieran style of Chandigarh. Also, the entire building is air cooled with units placed as a part of facilities on the corners of the triangle.
KOTA STONE FLOORING Stone Slabs: The slab shall be of selected quality, hard, sound, dense and homogeneous in texture, free from cracks, decay, weathering and flaws. They shall be hand or machine cut to the requisite thickness as indicated and they shall be of uniform colour. The slabs shall have the top
(exposed) face polished before being brought to site. Before starting the work, Contractor shall get the sample of slabs approved by the Engineer-in-Charge. Dressing of Slabs: Every slab shall be cut to the required size and shape and fine chisel dressed on the sides to the full depth so that a straight edge laid along the side of the stone shall be in full contact with it. The sides (edges) shall be table rubbed with coarse sand or machine rubbed before paving. All angles and edges of the slabs shall be true, square and free from chippings and the surface shall be true and plane. For staircase treads, single piece slab to full length and width of treads shall be provided. The nosing shall be rounded off and three parallel grooves ten by ten (10mm x 10mm) immediately behind the nosing edge shall be provided to avoid skidding. Square or circular holes shall be made carefully to accommodate M.S. Baluster in position Preparation of Surface and Laying: Sub-grade concrete or the RCC slab on which the slabs are to be laid shall be cleaned, wetted and mopped. The bedding for the slabs shall be with cement mortar and the thickness as indicated. The slabs shall be laid in the following manner: Mortar of the specified mix shall be spread under the area of each slab, roughly to the average thickness as indicated. The slab shall be washed and cleaned before laying. It shall be laid on top, pressed, tapped with wooden mallet and brought to level with the adjoining slabs. It shall be lifted and laid aside. The top surface of the mortar shall then be corrected by adding fresh mortar at hollows. The mortar is allowed to harden a bit and cement slurry of honey like consistency shall be spread over the same at the rate of 4 kg of cement per square metre. The slab to be paved shall be lowered gently back in position bedded in level. Subsequent slabs shall be laid in the same manner and joints between adjacent slabs shall be as thin as possible and run in straight line. After each slab has been laid, surplus cement grout coming out of the joints of the slabs shall be cleaned off. The surface of the flooring as laid shall be true to levels, lines and shapes as instructed by the Engineer-in-Charge. Slabs which are fixed in the floor adjoining the wall shall enter not less than twelve (12) mm under the plaster skirting or dado. The junction between wall plaster and the floor shall be finished neatly and without waviness. Curing, Polishing and Finishing The floor shall be kept wet for a minimum period of seven (7) days. The surface shall thereafter be ground evenly with machine fitted with fine grade blocks (No. 120). The final grinding with machine fitted with the finest grade grit blocks (No. 320) shall be carried out the day after the first grinding described above or before handing over the floor, as ordered by the Engineer-inCharge For small areas or where circumstances so require, hand polishing may be permitted in lieu of machine polishing after laying. For hand polishing the following Carborundum stones shall be used. 1st grinding - Medium Grade Stone (No.8) Final Grinding - Fine Grade (No. 120) In all other respects, the process shall be similar as for machine polishing.
After the final polish, oxalic acid shall be dusted over the surface at the rates of thirty-three (33) gms. per square metre sprinkled with water and rubbed hard with pad of wooden rags. The following day the floor shall be wiped with a moist rag and dried with a soft cloth and finished clean. If any slab is disturbed or damaged, it shall be refitted or replaced, properly jointed and polished. The finished floor shall not sound hollow when tapped with wooden mallet. Stone Grit Wash Plaster 1) The base plaster shall be 8 to 12 mm thick. 1:4 in gray cement and should be sufficiently rough and combed by wire brush or nail comb, freed from all dust, dirt, grease, and oil etc. for proper bonding. 2) The base plaster should be cured for 3 to 4 days before applying the Grit Wash Plaster. 3) A homogeneous mix of white cement, coarse sand and 10 mm nominal size stone chippings of approved colour in proportion 1: ½:2 are prepared. 4) Water proofing compound be added to the mix @ 2 % by weight of cement and be mixed homogeneously and mix then be applied on a prepared base surface with a float applying gentle pressure. White cement slurry shall be applied @ 2 kg/sqm. On base coat before applying a stone grit wash plaster. 5) After the initial setting of about 1 to 2 hours the surface of stone Grit plaster surface be scrubbed and washed out gently with a nylon brush and water. The cement on the surface of stone chips be washed away exposing the aggregates. 6) The plastered surface shall be cured for 14 days. The building has the steel perforated Jali on the two sides in its Front Elevation which is totally made in Mild steel and the rectangular sections are used to build the Jali which hide all the service area from the front and make the building more beautiful. The main idea is to decrease the construction cost of the building and using the materials which needs less maintenance. So, there are various materials which are used in the building to cut the cost factor for the construction and materials also keeping in mind about the future malignance cost for same.
TILE CLADDING IN CORRIDORS:
Tile Cladding drawing for corridors (Typical)
The Colour combination of doors in the corridors:
Colour combinations of doors of rooms
The combination of colours is used in a pattern. The colours like red, blue, green is used and finish with the laminates of same colours. The doors are made up of Teak wood.
RAILING
Railing used in corridors
SITE IMGAES DURING CONSTRUCTION:
Shuttering
Construction of Double height area
Second floor slab casting
Interior spaces
BUILDING EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABLITY The overall material palette is limited to simple white painted surfaces and grey grit finish. The flooring was the most economical local stone ‘kota’. Hence, the building is a simple geometric structure in the lowest possible cost yet ensuring a great interior space. The luxury was added by use of primary colours in typical Corbusieran style of Chandigarh. Also, the entire building is air cooled with units placed as a part of facilities on the corners of the triangle. The building is made of lot of materials which are economical and are long lasting, in spite of that they are lot of methods and techniques used in the building for energy efficiency and sustainability.
Kota Stone used in Flooring
Kota Stone is a naturally available, fine-grained variety of limestone originated from Kota, Rajasthan. Its alluring natural look, durability and low cost make it the most extensively used material in both the interiors and exteriors of houses and commercial areas. Kota is well known for its shiny appearance and charming colours, and ages beautifully over time. It is available in different shapes and sizes and can easily blend with any home decor. Advantages of using Kota Stone: It is hard, non-porous and a homogeneous material which can be widely used in different areas. It is not water absorbent and is anti-slip hence is the most perfect and hygienic flooring for humid areas. It is very strong and long lasting. The stone can be polished again if a fresh appearance is desired. Kota is resistant enough to fit to any climatic conditions – dry, humid or cold. It forms a heavy cum strong base for kitchen countertops. In many cases granite or marble slab counters are fixed on top of the Kota stone base. It is economical, easily available and most durable natural stone available. It is a very good reflector of heat making it comfortable to walk on. They are available in slabs and tiles form and extremely cost effective as compared to other stones. It is economical, easily available and most durable natural stone available. STACK EFFECT IN BUILDING
Stack Effect diagram The stack effect describes the passive movement of air through a building resulting from differences in vertical pressure developed by thermal buoyancy. When air inside a building is warmer than the outside air, the warmer, the less dense air will rise.
It’s one of the ways to ventilate building that is hotter or colder on the inside than outside is to use what is known as "stack effect". Because of the temperature difference, the air inside the building is either more or less dense than the air outside. If there is an opening high in the building and another low in the building, a natural flow will be caused. If the air in the building is warmer than the outside, this warmer air will float out the top opening, being replaced with cooler air from outside. If the air inside is cooler than that outside, the cooler air will drain out the low opening, being replaced with warmer air from outside. One common use for stack effect would be night-time flushing of a building's interior, to cool it for the next day. The rate at which air flows depends on several factors, the inside and outside air temperatures, the area of the openings, and the height difference between the top and bottom openings. USE OF NATURAL LIGHT FOR DAYLIGHTING Natural lighting, also known as day lighting, is a technique that efficiently brings natural light into the building by using exterior glazing (windows, skylights, etc.), thereby reducing artificial lighting requirements and saving energy. Natural lighting has been proven to increase health and comfort levels for building occupants.
Play of Natural light in Building
Use of skylight for daylighting
The use of skylight in the central area and by using the openings on facade allows the ample amount of light to come inside the building and inside the hostel rooms which helps to reduce the use of electricity in the day time and make it more efficient during daytime.
Balcony Area
Balcony areas openings for Light and Ventilation
The rooms of hostel are designed in such a way that each unit have its own personal balcony which helps each unit to have its own proper natural ventilation and also allows daylight to enter the room which helps to reduce the use of electricity in the day time and make it more efficient during daytime. Windows and openings are kept all numerous in number to keep the load less on the electrical lighting device. Artificial lights are not required all throughout the day if the room is well lit with adequate openings.
Hostel Room During Daytime
Sunken court in front of Gym area
Mess Area
Use of Natural Daylight in Common Spaces during daytime like Mess, Gym Area, Sunken courts etc also helps in reducing the use of electricity during daytime. Hence makes the building more energy efficient and also sustainable.
Louvered MS Screen on RHS & LHS of Elevation
The louvered Mild Steel Screen is placed on the Right Hand Side & Left Hand Side of the elevation which is basically used in the services area and also for services of facilities which helps to provide proper ventilation of these area and also reduces the cost of systems for ventilation and the foul smells taken out by exhaust is easily get ventilated due to screen used in the facade. The façade is grit finish façade which is also a material which needs very less maintenance and is a long-lasting material which cuts the maintenance cost and also helps in making building more efficient in terms of construction materials. The inside spaces also have the same finishes which also results in same thing.
SOLAR PANELS
Solar panels on terrace Solar panels are used in the building to produce electricity by using sunlight which is used for generation of electricity. It’s one of the costs cutting factor and also energy efficient.
The building also has Solar water heating system which is used in the conversion of sunlight into heat for water using a thermal collector. This system is majorly used in winters for the hot water supply in washrooms. In this process a sun facing collectors heats up a working fluid which passes through a storage system for later used. The system is one of the energies saving method which is used to converts heat for making water hot by using the sunlight.
Rain Water Harvesting Rain water harvesting is a necessity in today’s time, where the water crisis is so prominent. There is a recharge pit on Right Hand side of the site with the system is effectively working. The recharge pit collects the water from terrace which travels through the pipes. This recharged water is then used in daily hostel activities and in landscape and helps in reducing the load on the pump or the summer sable, which is used quite often in residences, and is one of the major reasons for the depilating of ground water table.
DETAILS “God is in the details," a quote famously attributed to Mies van der Rohe, means that a design’s idea must be thoroughly and consistently represented through the entire fabric of the design — down to its smallest details. An architectural Detail is a small piece of the whole, yet it has the power to characterize and define the entire building. Details tell us what a building is; they are fundamental to the life and personality of a space. Additionally, the design of a simple connection can and should be indicative of the designer's attitude toward the building in general; indeed, detail is architecture at its smallest size. Details can both solve construction problems and aid one understands of the project and help it gather meaning. ENTRANCE STEPS DETAIL
Plan & Elevation of Front Steps
Typical Detail for step finish
Ground floor public space steps
SUNKEN COURT PLANTER WITH SITTING
STAIRCASE DETAILS
Typical Step Detail
RAMP DETAILS
Typical detail for Ramp finish
JOINERY DETAILS
Metal Louvre Door
FACADE METAL LOUVRE DETAIL
COUNTER DETAIL
ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE Life at home cannot be compared to the life in a hostel. At home one has to live as per likes of other members of the family. Children find it difficult to stick to a timetable, ensure minimum 3 to 4 hours study a day and adhere to good time management principles to develop good routines. A hostel is like a family of students with the superintendent as the head. Students develop a sense of friendship and fellow feeling. Students learn the value of discipline. It teaches them a sense of responsibility in matters of taking care of books, clothes and health. Students do all the works with their own hands, thus becoming self-dependent. They try to manage themselves with the money from their father. They learn to adjust themselves with all kinds of situations that can be expected in one’s life. Mutual cooperation, sympathy, and love are characteristics of hostel life. It will not be an exaggeration to say that only a hostel is the place where an allround development of personality is possible. While it is equally important to find time for using a library and reading room, play grounds, health club, swimming pool and getting trained to improve their skills and achieve wholesome development. Teachers have direct watch and supervision over the students in the hostels. Special classes will be arranged by asking teachers to stay in hostel to help weak students. Studying away from home opens up a world of exciting learning possibilities like combine studies, mutual discussions, criticism, or debating, etc., that add charm to hostel life. Good arrangements of games and sports, Sunday specials and eating competitions, and day-to day merry-making, make the hostel life a thing of envy for all.
In a hostel, a student comes in contact with a number of other students. He acquires many good qualities from them. When a student sees his next-door neighbor daily taking morning exercise, he also gets inspiration. He too tries to be healthy. One good student may become an example for other 25 hostellers. Hostels provide the best atmosphere for study. If students enjoy the hostel life in different ways, they also work very hard when the time comes for it. Weaker students can always get help from their friends. Hostel life not only develops the spirit of healthy competition, but also teaches the lesson of mutual cooperation. A well-managed hostel is sure to prove a blessing for those who are lucky enough to live in it. I think what you experience in your early stage in your early life is something that’s so deeply imbibed in your sensibilities that it can never just go away. Being in Chandigarh is like being in the mecca of one of the masters, Chandigarh is the place where I think Corbusier built some of its largest works. It almost became like a starting point of modern Architecture in India. I think the deep sense of understanding you know how Architecture it has a spiritual root or a spiritual background that’s the philosophy that can be seen in the design. So, this building is like designing with those bare essential number of elements in a simple Triangular Form with an Atrium with Criss crossing Bridges, I think that sums up the entire Architecture. I think the focus was that duality in between simplicity and complexity. Something that you design very very simply but you experience the complexity when you are inside that space. It suffices that very purpose of intellectual stimulation, discovery, that sense of Joy that you get inside that space also that contradiction in space where it’s very very tranquil but the dynamism is when you move through that space and light does its streaks. Lights play its magic when it pierces through the skylights and just move through that space making that space dynamic. I could understand that Architecture get intensify emotions, Architecture can make you think, it’s a sort of a conceded believe but yes architecture does contribute to who you become.
MISCELLANEOUS Hostel Requirements according to National Building Code of India 1. Boundary Wall Requirements (Part 3- 12.13, pg. 32) In Industrial buildings, Electric sub-stations, Transformer stations, Institutional buildings like Sanitoria, Hospitals, Industrial buildings like Workshops, Factories and Educational buildings like Schools, Colleges, including Hostels, and other uses of public utility undertakings and strategically sensitive buildings, a height up to 2.4 m may be permitted by the Authority.
2. Classification of Building based on Occupancy (Part 1- 3.1.1, pg. 9) Hostels are Group A – Residential (3.1.2) Group A Residential Buildings
These shall include any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities, except any building classified under Group C. Buildings and structures under Group A shall be further sub-divided into different categories, Hostels are Sub-division A-3 Dormitories - These shall include any building in which group sleeping accommodation is provided, with or without dining facilities for persons who are not Members of the same family, in one room or a series of closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, for example, school and college dormitories, students, and other hostels and military barracks.
3. Fire Alarm System (Part 4- C-3, pg. 70) C-3.1 All buildings with heights of 15 m or above shall be equipped with manually operated Electrical fire alarm (MOEFA) system and automatic fire alarm system in accordance with good practice [4(18)] and [4(19)]. However, apartment buildings between 15 m and 30 m in height may be exempted from the installation of automatic fire alarm system provided the local fire brigade is suitably equipped for dealing with fire in a building of 15 m in height or above and in the opinion of the Authority, such building does not constitute a hazard to the safety of the adjacent property or occupants of the building itself. C-3.1.1 Manually operated electrical fire alarm system shall be installed in a building with one or more call boxes located at each floor. The call boxes shall conform to good practice [4(18)] and [4(19)]. C-3.1.2 The installation of call boxes in hostels and such other places where these are likely to be misused shall as far as possible be avoided. Location of call boxes in dwelling units shall preferably be inside the building.
4. Residential Buildings (Part 6- 3.2.1.11, pg. 6) These shall include any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities (except buildings under institutional buildings). It includes one or multi-family dwellings, apartment houses (flats), lodging or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residential hotels.
5. Lighting and Levels of Illumination (Part 8-(Sec.2) 5.7, pg. 26) 5.7.1 General: Lighting installation shall take into consideration the many factors on which the quality and quantity of artificial lighting depends. The modern concept is to provide illumination with the help of a large number of light sources not of higher illumination level. Also much higher levels of illumination are called for, than in the past, often necessitating the use of fluorescent lighting suitably supplemented with incandescent fittings, where required. 5.7.2 Future Demand: However, if for financial reasons, it is not possible to provide alighting installation to give the recommended illumination levels, the wiring installation at least should be so designed that at a later date, it will permit the provision for additional lighting fittings or conversion from incandescent to fluorescent lighting fittings to bring the installation to the required standard. It is essential that adequate provisions should be made for all the electrical services which may be required immediately and during the intended useful life of the building.
5.7.3 Principles of Lighting: When considering the function of artificial lighting, attention shall be given to the following principle characteristics before designing an installation: 1. Illumination and its uniformity; 2. Special distribution of light. This includes a reference to the composition of diffused and directional light, direction of incidence, the distribution of luminance and the degree of Glare; and 3. Colour of the light and colour rendition. 5.7.4- The variety of purposes which have to be kept in mind while planning the lighting installation could be broadly grouped as: a) Industrial buildings and processes; b) Offices, schools and public buildings; c) Surgeries and hospitals; and d) Hostels, restaurants, shops and residential buildings. 5.7.4.1- It is important that appropriate levels of illumination for these and the types and positions of fittings determined to suit the task and the disposition of the working planes. 5.7.5- For specific requirements for lighting of special occupancies, reference shall be made to good practice [8-2(14)]. 5.7.6- Energy Conservation Energy conservation may be achieved by using the following: a) Energy efficient lamps, chokes, ballast, etc for lighting equipment. b) Efficient switching systems such as remote sensors, infrared switches, master switches, remote switches, etc for switching ON and OFF of lighting circuits. c) Properly made/connected joints/contacts to avoid loose joints leading to loss of power. 5.9-Guideline for Electrical Layout in Residential Buildings For guidelines for electrical installation in residential buildings, reference may be made to good practice [8-2(16)]. A typical distribution scheme in a residential building with separate circuits for lights and fans and for power appliances is given in Fig. 1
10.6 - Diesel Generating Set (less than 5 kVA) In general, small diesel generating sets shall be provided for small installations such as offices, shops, small scale industry, hostels, etc, with the following provisions: a) These shall be located near the exit or outside in open areas. b) They shall be in reach of authorized persons only. c) Adequate firefighting equipment shall be provided near such installations. d) Exhaust from these shall be disposed in such a way so as not to cause health hazard. e) These shall have acoustic enclosure, or shall be placed at a location so as not to cause noise Pollution. f) Adequate ventilation shall be provided around the installation. g) Adequate rating of protective devices such as MCB, MCCB, fuses, ELCB, etc, shall be provided. h) Separate and adequate body and neutral earthings shall be done. 6. HOTELS AND HOSTELS 9.1 General: Hotels and hostels are primarily used as dwelling units, and hotels also provide for public entertainment. The most serious risk of course is disturbance to sleep, and adequate care, therefore, need be taken to protect the occupants from being disturbed by outdoor and indoor noise. 9.1.1 Outdoor Noise: Hotels near railway stations, airports, highways and those situated in highly urbanized areas are especially vulnerable to outdoor noise. The outdoor noise in many of the areas is of a high level even late at night and in the early morning. The noise could also be due to other types of activities such as building construction activity (pile driving, concrete mixing etc) and various types of portable utility equipment, such as compressors or generators. 9.1.2 Indoor Noise: In so far as indoor noise is concerned, the noise could be due to the occupants themselves, which is transmitted from one room to the other. It could also be due to public functions and late-night use of restaurants located in the hotel as also due to miscellaneous utility equipment installed for providing and maintaining the services in the hotel, such as, air conditioning equipment, pumping equipment, power laundry and kitchen. Sometimes hotels equipped with standby generators are a potential source of noise. Another source which could lead to disturbance to the occupants is the plumbing. 9.2 Recommendations 9.2.1 Site Planning: While it is desirable to locate the hotel, or hostel away from an area where there is a high ambient noise level, many a time these have to be located in noisy areas for Public convenience. Hotels near airports and railway stations are becoming popular because they are convenient for passengers in transit. Hotels located in the commercial areas of a city are also a commercially viable proposition and many a time this factor outweighs the other problems associated with such a location. When a reasonably quiet location is not possible, it is desirable that adequate measures be considered to provide a comfortable acoustical environment for the occupants. 9.2.2.7- While most of the noise problems encountered in hotels are applicable to hostels, the latter are normally of more economical construction and, therefore, cannot cater for special sound insulation provisions. However, as far as possible, precautions should be taken to
provide comfortable conditions in hostel rooms. This is especially true for student hostels where each room is also a living room. Students might play music or have loud discussions late into the night. This may disturb sleep or study of other students. Proper precautions should, therefore, be taken to provide satisfactory conditions.
7. Water Supply for Buildings Other than Residences (4.1.2 -Part-9, pg.19) Minimum requirements for water supply for buildings other than residences shall be in accordance with Table 1.
4.1.4 Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes:
4.1.4.1- The Authority shall make provision to meet the water supply requirements for firefighting in the city area, depending on the population density and types of occupancy. 4.1.4.2- Provision shall be made by the owner of the building for water supply requirements for firefighting purposes within the building, depending upon the height and occupancy of the building, in conformity with the requirements laid down in Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’. 4.1.4.3 -The requirements regarding water supply in storage tanks, capacity of fire pumps, arrangements of wet riser-cum-downcomer and wet riser installations for buildings above 15 m in height, depending upon the occupancy use, shall be in accordance with Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’.
8. Drainage and Sanitation Requirements: (Part-9, sec-1,pg.48)
Hostel Requirements according to Punjab Bye Laws 1. Short titles, commencement and application 1391/1392- (60) "Educational building" means a building exclusively used for a school or College, recognized by the appropriate Board or University, or any other Competent Authority Involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation incidental to educational use, and including a building for such other uses as research institution or university. It shall also include
quarters for essential staff required to reside in the premises, and building used as a hostel captive to an educational institution whether situated in its campus or outside; 1395- (95) "Hostel" means a building which provides food and lodging to a specific group of people such as students, workers etc., where the guest can rent a bed in single or shared room or dormitory, and share a bathroom, lounge and kitchen. 1396- (103)"Institutional building" means a building constructed by Government, SemiGovernment Organizations or Registered Trusts or any private person/organization and is used for medical or other treatment, or for an auditorium or complex for cultural and allied activities or for an hospice, care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, handicap, disease or infirmity, care of orphans, abandoned women, children and infants, convalescents, destitute or aged persons and for penal or correctional detention with restricted liberty of the inmates ordinarily providing sleeping accommodation and includes dharamshalas, hospitals, sanatoria, custodial and penal institutions such as jails, prisons, mental hospitals, houses of correction, detention and reformatories etc. It shall also include quarters for essential staff required to reside in the premises, and building used as a hostel captive to an institution whether situated in its campus or outside. 1426- Table 7: Rental Housing/Hostel (only for outside Municipal Limits) S. No. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6.
7. 8.
Parameter
Permissible Limits
Minimum Site Area Minimum Approach Road
800 sq.m within Master plan- 18m (60'-0") Outside Master plan-12m (40'-0") Maximum Ground 60% of 60% of site area site area Coverage Maximum Floor Area Ratio Plot area upto 1600 sq.m. 1:2.5 Plot area above 1600 sq.m. 1:3.0 Maximum Height of No Restriction subject to clearance from Airport Building authority and fulfillment of norms such as setbacks around building, ground coverage, F.A.R., Structural safety and fire safety norms. Setbacks around buildings If the height of the building Front & Rear setback: 1/4th of the height of the below 15 m building or 2 m whichever is more. Side setback: 1/5th of the height of the building or 1.5 m whichever is more. Provided that if covered area on any floor is 500 Sq m or above in that case the minimum setbacks around the building shall be 6 m. If the height of the building The minimum setback shall be 6m or 1/3rd of the is 15 m or above height of the building whichever is more.
Parking Permissible Density
1.0 Equivalent Car Space per 5 persons 500 persons per acre
Notes: (a) Rental housing/Hostel building shall be a detached building. (b) It shall provide kitchen with dining hall, common room for indoor games, first aid room, laundry, security guard room. (c) In Rental housing, upto 2% of the Floor Area Ratio. availed may be used for canteen, coffee shop, library, ATM, Grocery shop, Pharmacy, office, Mobile shop, Fruit/Vegetable shop, Barber shop or other similar activities for self use of the Users. (d) Basement shall be permissible as per sub-rule (6) of rule 31. (e) The provisions laid down in the rental housing policy shall be read with building bye laws concurrently. 1458- Table 34: Minimum requirements of different component of a building S. No. Components of Building
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Habitable Room Kitchen where separate dining area is provided where there is separate store is provide where dining included Bathroom Water Closet (W.C) Combined Bath & W.C Store Garage Single occupancy Hostel Room Single occupancy Servant room
Minimum Requirement Area (sq.m) Width (m) Clear Height (m) 9.5 2.4 2.75 5.0
1.8
4.5
1.8
7.5 1.8 1.2 2.8 3.0 18 7.5 7.5
2.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 3.00 2.1 2.1
2.75
2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.75 2.75
Note: (a) Where two rooms are attached, one of these shall not be less than 9.5 sq.m and the other not less than 7.5 sq.m with a minimum width of 2.1 m. (b) In the case of pitched roof, the average height of rooms shall not be less than 2.75 m. The minimum clear head room under a beam, folded plates or eaves shall be 2.4 m. (c) In the case of air-conditioned rooms, a height of not less than 2.4 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of air-conditioning duct or the false ceiling shall be provided: Provided that the requirements of above table shall apply to residential, business and mercantile buildings. For educational and industrial buildings, the minimum requirements are mentioned in table below: Table 35: Minimum height requirement for educational and industrial buildings S.No. Type of building 1. Educational building 2. Industrial Buildings 3. Religious Building 1463- (10) Boundary wall. -
Minimum Ceiling Height 3.6 m 3.6 m, except when air-conditioned where it is 3m 3.6 m
(v) In industrial buildings like workshops, factories, electric sub-stations, transformer stations and institutional buildings like sanatoria, hospitals, sports complex, stadium, and educational buildings like schools, colleges, including hostels and other uses of public utility undertakings and strategically sensitive buildings, a height up to 2.4 m may be permitted on special request of the applicant. However, in case of security establishments, Jails, mental hospitals, etc. where additional height of the boundary wall is required by the applicant, the same may be allowed by the competent authority. 1465- (16) Corridor requirement: Minimum width provisions for passageway/corridors (clear width excluding handrail and balustrade)/ foyer, as the case may be, shall be determined such a way that it shall accommodate the entire population of the floor subject to minimum width depending upon the class of occupancy mentioned as under, namely: (i) Residential buildings (one or two family private dwelling): 1050 mm for single loaded (i.e. having door opening for single side of corridor) and 1500 mm for double loaded (i.e. having door opening for both side of corridor). (ii) Residential buildings, e.g., hostels, group housing etc.: 1350 mm for single loaded and 1800 mm for double loaded. (iii) Assembly buildings like auditoriums, theatres and cinemas: 2000 mm. (iv) All other buildings like commercial, institutional and hotels: 1500 mm for single loaded and 1800 mm for double loaded. (v) Hospital, Nursing Homes, etc.: 2400 mm for both single and double loaded. (vi) Where staircase discharges through corridors and passageways, the height of corridors and passageways shall be not less than 2400 mm. (vii) All means of exit including staircases lift lobbies and corridors shall be naturally/ mechanically ventilated. 1467- (21) Fitments for drainage and sanitation: Table 47: Hostels S. No. 1.
2.
Fixtures
Resident
Non-Resident
Visitor/Common Room Males Females Males Females Male Females Water Closets 1 per 8 or 1 per 6 or 1 for 1 for 1 per 100 1 per 100 part part upto 15 upto 12 Upto Upto 200; thereof thereof 2 for 16 2 for 13 400; to 35 to 25 3 for 36 3 for 26 Over 400 Over 200 to 65 to 40 Add at 1 Add at 1 per 100 4 for 66 4 for 41 per 250 to 100 to 57 5 for 58 to 77 6 for 78 to 100 Ablution tab 1 in each water closet 1 water tap with draining arrangements shall be provided for every 50 persons or part thereof in the vicinity of water closets and urinals.
3.
Urinals
4.
Wash Basins
5.
Bath/Showers 1 per 8 or 1 per 6 or part part thereof thereof Cleaners sink 1 per each floor
6.
1 per 25 or part thereof
1 for 1 to 20 2 for 21 to 45 3 for 46 to 70 4 for 71 to 100 1 per 8 or 1 per 6 or 1 for part part upto15 thereof thereof 2 for 16 to 35 3 for 36 to 65 4 for 66 to 100
-
1 per 50 or part thereof
1 for upto 12 2 for 13 to 25 3 for 26 to 40 4 for 41 to 57 5 for 58 to 77 6 for 78 to 100 -
1 per Water Closets (WC)
1 per Water Closets (WC)
-
-
Notes (a) Some Water Closets (WC) may be Indian style, if desired. 1484 -PART VIII: GREEN BUILDINGS AND SUSTAINABILITY PROVISIONS 1486- 40: Roof Top Solar Photovoltaic Installation: For rooftop solar photovoltaic installation and generation, the following provisions shall be applicable, as amended from time to time, namely: Table 52- Norms for Roof Top Solar Photovoltaic Installation S. No. 1.
Category of buildings/area Residential building
Generation requirement All residential buildings (new construction/reconstruction) 400 yd2(334 m2) to 499 yd2 (417 m2)-1KWp SPV 500 yd2(418 m2) to 999 yd2 (835 m2)-2KWp SPV 1000 yd2 (836 m2 to 1999 yd2 (1671 m2)-3KWp SPV
2.
3.
4.
5.
2000 yd2 (1672 m2) and above -5KWp SPV All private educational institutes schools, Minimum 5 kilo watt peak colleges, hostels, technical / vocational (KWp) or 5% of connected educational institute, universities etc. having load, whichever is higher. connected load of 30 KWp and above All government and offices and government Building Minimum 2 Kilo colleges, government educational institutions, Watt peak (KWp) or 5% of universities, having connected load of 30 KWp whichever is higher. and above. All private hospitals and nursing homes industrial establishments, commercial malls, hotels, motels, banquet halls, and tourism complexes having connected load of :a)50 KWp to 1000 KWp Minimum 10 Kilo Watt peak or 5% of connected load, which is higher. b) Above 1000 KWp Minimum 50 Kilo Watt peak or3% of connected load, which is higher. All group housing complexes, developed on plot size of :a) 0.5 Acre to 1.0 acre Minimum 10 Kilo Watt peak (KWp) b) More than 1.0 acre to 2.0 acre Minimum 20 Kilo Watt peak (KWp) c) More than 2.0 acre to 5.0 acre Minimum 30 Kilo Watt peak (KWp) d) More than 5.0 acre Minimum 40 Kilo Watt peak (KWp)
Note: (a) The height of module structure carrying solar panel shall not be covered towards total height of building. (b) Completion certificate for building shall be issued after getting clearance from Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) regarding solar power plant installation. (c) For all other matters regarding solar power plant installation which are not covered in these rules, the Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) norms/ guidelines of renewable energy sources, Punjab shall be applicable.
PUNJAB MUNICIPAL BUILDING BYELAWS – 2017 Pg. 7 9- 11.2.4- Installation of Solar Assisted Water Heating System in Buildings No new building in the following categories in which there is a system of installation for supplying hot water shall be built unless the system of the installation is also having an auxiliary solar assisted water heating system: a) Hospitals and Nursing Home.
b) Hotels, Lodges, Guest Houses, Group Housing with a plot area of 4000 sq m. c) Hostels of Schools, Colleges and Training Centre’s with more than 100 Students. d) Barracks of armed forces, paramilitary forces and police. e) Individual residential buildings having more than 150 sq. m. plinth area. f) Functional Buildings of Railway Stations and Air Ports like waiting rooms, retiring rooms, rest rooms, inspection bungalows and catering units. g) Community Centre’s, Banquet Halls, Barat Ghars, Mangal Karyalayas and buildings for similar use. Pg. 87- 12.15 Air-conditioning a) Air- conditioning system should be installed and maintained so as to minimize the danger of Spread of fire, smoke or fumes thereby from one floor of fire area to another or from outside into any occupied building or structure. – b) Air -Conditioning systems circulating air to more than one floor area should be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire and thereby prevent spread of fire or smoke. Such a system should also be provided with automatic controls to stop fans in case of fire, unless arranged to remove smoke from a fire, in which case these should be designed to remain in operation. c) Air- conditioning system serving large places of assembly (over one thousand persons), large departmental stores, or hostels with over 100 rooms in a single block should be provided with effective means for preventing circulation of smoke through the system in the case of fire in air filters or from other sources drawn into the system even though there is insufficient heat to actuate heat smoke sensitive devices controlling fans or dampers. Such means shall consist of approved effective smoke sensitive controls. Pg. 92- 12.23 Fire alarm system All buildings of 15 m. and above in height shall be equipped with fire alarm system, and also residential buildings (Dwelling House, Boarding House and Hostels) above 24 m. height. a) All residential buildings like dwelling houses (including flats) boarding houses and hostels shall be equipped with manually operated electrical fire alarm system with one or more call boxes located at each floor. The location of the call boxes shall be decided after taking into consideration their floor without having to travel more than 22.5 m. b) The call boxes shall be of the break glass type without any moving parts, where the call is transmitted automatically to the control room without any other action on the part of the person operating the call boxes. c) All call boxes shall be wired in a closed circuit to a control panel in a control room, located as per Bye-Laws so that the floor number from where the call box is actuated is clearly indicated on the control panel. The circuit shall also include one or more batteries with a capacity of 48 hours normal working at full load. The battery shall be arranged to be a continuously trickle charged from the electric mains. d) The call boxes shall be arranged to sound one or more sounders so as to ensure that all occupants of the floor shall be warned whenever any call box is actuated. e) The call boxes shall be so installed that they do not obstruct the exit ways and yet their location can easily be noticed from either direction. The base of the call box shall be at a height of 1.5 m. from the floor level. f) All buildings other than as indicated above shall, in addition to the manually operated electrical fire alarm system, be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system.
g) Automatic detection system shall be installed in accordance with the relevant standard specifications. In buildings where automatic sprinkler system is provided, the automatic detection system may not be insisted upon unless decided otherwise by the Chief Fire Officer. Note: The installation of Fire Alarm Systems shall be carried out in conformity with the local fire regulations and rules, there under whenever they are in force and the provisions in local bye-laws, if any. Several types of fire detectors are available in the market but the application of each type is limited and has to be carefully considered in relation to the type of risk and the structural features of the building where they are to be installed. Pg.94- 12.27 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The use of LPG shall not be permitted in the high-rise building except residential/hotel/hostel/kitchen/pantry (if any) and shall be located at the periphery of the building on the ground level.