April 2014 Seawords

Seaw rds The Marine Option Program Newsletter

April 2014

NON-PROFT: ACCESSURF GOOGLE FOR THE OCEAN SAVING THE THROWBACK: TIPS ON SAVING THE STOCK

APRIL 2014 Volume XXVIII, Number 3 Contents Page 4: Letter from the Editor Page 6: Student Perspective: MOP Fieldtrips Page 8: Ocean Updates: Methyl mercury levels make news: stay up to date Page 10: Non-Profit: AccesSurf Hawai‘i Page 12: Generation Blue Page 14: Google for the ocean Page 16: Ocean Art: Last year’s photography contest favorites Page 18: Saving the Throwback: Tips on Saving the Stock Page 20: Critter of the Month: Page 22: Hanauma Bay Calendar of Events Flashback Page 23: April MOP Calendar of Events

About the Photography in this Issue -By Corey Mutnik, UHM MOP Student: -Cover: 14ft Whaler off the Marine Corps Base at Pyramid Rock Beach -Table of Contents: Hawaiian turkeyfish at Kaimana Beach -Letter from the Editor: Turtle at Secret Island Beach -MOP Calendar: Dated data equipment at Kahe Point, Electric Beach -Back Cover: Kaimana Beach -All uncredited photos by: MOP

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As seen on the cover...

AccesSurf: sharing a love of the ocean

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By Priya Rashid, Assistant Editor This April begins our three part series on organizations in the area making ocean sized contributions to the community. This month we want you to meet AccesSurf.

Google for the Ocean

By Kathryn Lam, Editor

Billionaires are privatizing science with benefits for the ocean community

pg 14 Saving the Throwback: Tips on Saving the Stock

By Priya Rashid, Assistant Editor

pg 18

Ideas on how to maximize the survival of catch and release fish.

Seawords Volume XXVII, Number 3, April 2014 Editor: Kathryn Lam Assistant Editor: Priya Rashid Dr. Cynthia Hunter (éminence grise) Seawords- Marine Option Program University of Hawai‘i, College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Telephone: (808) 956-8433 Email: <seawords@hawaii.edu> Website: <http://www.hawaii.edu/mop> Seawords is the monthly newsletter of the Marine Option Program at the University of Hawai‘i. Opinions expressed herein are not necessariliy those of the Marine Option Program or of the University of Hawai‘i.

Suggestions and submissions are welcome. Submissions may include articles, photography, art work, or anything that may be of interest to the marine community in Hawai‘i and around the world.

All photos are taken by MOP unless otherwise credited.

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Mop Fieldtrips

UHM MOP visits Coconut Island, tours its labs

By Kathryn Lam, Editor

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eaded by UHM MOP Student Coordinator, Tate Wester, ten UHM MOP students had a chance to take a tour of the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) on Coconut Island in Kāne‘ohe Bay on March 8, 2014.

Leon Weaver, an Americorps volunteer, took the group of students around to share with them the interesting history of the island and current research, and conservation tips.

Home to the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, Coconut Island has passed through some interesting hands and been used for a variety of things. It was first called Moku o Lo‘e. As legend has it, a long time ago there was a trio of siblings who were so badly behaved that they were banished from their village. They wandered around looking for a place to live. The sister, Lo‘e, ended up in the Kāne‘ohe area and so the island was named after her, the Hawaiian literally translating to “The island of Lo‘e”. Princess Pauahi, the next owner, had the island redone for the birthday party of her aunt, Queen Emma. Princess Pauahi had over 100 coconut trees imported and planted throughout the island for the event, giving it the moniker, Coconut Island. In later years, the island served as the setting for many films such as Birds of Paradise and Wake of the Red Witch, even being used for the opening sequence of the popular television show, Gilligan’s Island.

After Princess Pauahi died, the island passed through the family line until it was given to the Bishop family, the last rightful heirs of the Kamehameha legacy to

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own the island. The family leased it out and in 1934, Christian R. Holmes II, the heir of the Fleischmann yeast fortune bought it. Holmes enlarged the island to 28 acres. To do this he dredged coral and sand from the surrounding reefs. With his newly enlarged island and the Hawai‘i Tuna Packing Co. which his mother bought for him, Holmes attempted to cultivate zooplankton in order to create an aquaculture business. Although his endeavors were not particularly successful, this process is still being learned by local high school students today to teach them about aquaculture.

Holmes was an interesting owner. Aside from his aquaculture business, he had a personal zoo of 30 dogs, an elephant, a camel, a zebra, and several chimpanzees.

Holmes loved his chimpanzees so much he would dress them up in human clothes and have portraits taken of them. Holmes also loved boats. When the Seth Parker (a famous boat in its day that sailed around the world broadcasting radio shows) went out of commission, he bought it and turned it into a movie theatre.

However, in 1942, Holmes gave the island over to the US Navy for the rest and recuperation of its’ Navy flyers until they left in 1947 and a wealthy investor named Edwin Pauley, along with his friends, bought the island with the intention of turning it into a retreat for millionaires. One day, Robert Hiatt, a scientists at the Honolulu Marine Lab became stranded in Kāne‘ohe Bay due to boat troubles and Pauley

STUDENT PERSPECTIVE

Top row, from left to right: MOP student Kiwi Cyr and Annie Hoag look into the tuna tank; hammerhead sharks rushing to get fed; Cyr throws some squid to the sharks.

Middle row: Example of coral bleaching now compared to 50 years from now Bottom row: an experiment with sand and household vinegar to show how easy it is to dissolve calcium carbonate, the stuff coral is made of. (Photo credit/Lam)

befriended him, offering him a building on the island for his own personal lab. From the mid-80s to the 90s, a Japanese business man owned half of the island while the university owned the other half. Then, in 1995, the Pauley Foundation made a donation of $9M to the University of Hawai‘i to purchase the remaining land.

Today, Coconut Island is one of the only places where scientists can go into the field to get samples and analyze them in the same day. Coconut Island has some interesting technology like Laser Scanning

Confocal Microscopes which allow scientists to scan through living flesh and create 3D images in order to see the functions of organs on the inside of live organisms happening live. Also at HIMB is the “Super Sucker”, an invention designed in 2006 to remove invasive algae originally brought to the area as part of a research project. HIMB is also home to many other interesting research projects on animals such as sharks, tuna, corals, and tunicates. 

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OCEAN UPDATES

Methyl mercury levels make news: stay up to date

By Priya Rashid, Assistant Editor

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ethyl mercury continues to make the headlines.

According to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, exposure to elemental mercury and methyl mercury can “cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, and the kidneys.”

Methyl mercury poisoning is commonly caused by consumption of seafood that contains methyl mercury. Let’s take a look at what has happened this past year.

This January, the U.S. Geological Survey Study continues its fifth year of study. In May of 2009, the study documented the process from which atmospheric mercury emissions are absorbed into the ocean and lead to the contamination of seafood stocks.

According to United States Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar, “we have always known that mercury can pose a risk, now we need to reduce the mercury emissions so that we can reduce the 8|

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ocean mercury levels.” The study found that there was a 30 percent increase in North Pacific Ocean samples since the mid-1990s.

These studies are significant as they continue to teach the longrange transport of mercury and in particular from industrialized areas with coal-burning power plants which produce most of the mercury in the atmosphere.

This March, Earthjustice and the Centre for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) is suing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in failing to alert the general public about foods containing mercury. The group has cited that the FDA is not doing enough to protect at-risk groups like children and women in the reproductive years. “It is unconscionable that FDA continues to drag its feet when the latest science indicates a far greater methyl mercury exposure risk than when the agency developed its fish consumption

advisory in 2004,” said Michael Bender, director of the Mercury Policy Project who has also signed the petition and suit.

Climate change may exacerbate levels of methyl mercury accumulation. Recent studies at University of West Virginia and a separate independent study conducted by PLOS ONE have shown that the increased rate of metabolism means that plankton, killifish and other small fish absorb more mercury, faster. These results were compared to populations in the wild and the results were consistent. PLOS ONE scientists reported in a press release that “fish in warmer waters ate more but grew less and had higher methyl mercury levels in their tissues.” As larger fish that live off of these smaller fish consume higher levels of mercury, food humans eat is at a higher risk of mercury contamination. 

According to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency: Fish with the Highest Levels of Mercury: King Mackerel Swordfish Tilefish Shark

Fish and Seafood with Mid-Range Mercury Levels Tuna (all varieties except skipjack) Orange Roughy Marlin Grouper Spanish mackerel Chilean Sea bass Bluefish Lobster Weakfish (sea trout) Halibut Sablefish Striped Bass or Rockfish

Fish and Seafood with Moderately Low Mercury Levels Snapper Monkfish Carp Freshwater perch Skate Canned light tuna (skipjack) Spiny lobster Jack smelt Boston or Chub Mackerel Croaker Trout Squid Whitefish American shad Crab Scallop

Fish and Seafood with Very Low Mercury Levels Catfish Mullet Flounder, fluke, plaice, sand dabs Herring Anchovies Pollock Crayfish Haddock Sardine Hake Salmon Oyster Tilapia

A Note from the Environmental Protection Agency 1. Do not eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, or Tilefish because they may contain high levels of mercury.

2. Eat up to 12 ounces (2 average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury.

Another commonly eaten fish, albacore (“white”) tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna. So, when choosing your two meals of fish and shellfish, you may eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) of albacore tuna per week.

3. Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. If no advice is available, eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) per week of fish you catch from local waters, but don’t consume any other fish during that week.

Follow these same recommendations when feeding fish and shellfish to your young child, but serve smaller portions.

Want to know more about mercury levels or the safety of recreationally caught fish?

Check your local or regional Fishing Regulations Booklet which can generally be found online or call your local health department about any local advisories.

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AccesSurf: Sharing a love of the ocean

By Priya Rashid, Assistant Editor

With a New Year and summer approaching, now is the perfect time to not just see the outdoors but enjoy and help the community. The season of giving isn’t just December. This April begins our three part series on organizations in the area making ocean sized contributions to the community. This month we want you to meet AccesSurf.

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ccesSurf is an organization that allows anyone regardless of disabilities or stature a chance to see the beauty of the sea. By using adaptive aquatic equipment and other aids, AccesSurf provides ocean access and therapy activities to the disabled and their family members. Their projects include “Day at the Beach” and Surf instruction programs.

AccesSurf had helped participants of all ages and who include paraplegics, quadriplegics, amputees, and those suffering from cerebral palsy, blindness, autism, multiple sclerosis, and downs syndrome among other things. Parents like Ellie and Jake Lappico, parents of a 14-year-old girl with cerebral palsy, are grateful to the program; “It gives our daughter, Noelle, a chance to be not just normal but extraordinary.” Families of children with disabilities continue to return because of “the feeling of empowerment” said Ellie Lappico; “the ocean is such a big daunting place, if she feels like she can be at home in it, she can be at home anywhere.”

“The incredible thing is it’s free. I don’t know how they do it,” said Rebecca Labeau, mother of a 8-year-oldboy named Nolan, with autism, referring to the free monthly service provided by AccesSurf. Family and friends are encouraged to participate in the outdoor program.

An especially important program is their Wounded Warriors Project. This project gives veterans with disabilities a chance to use modified equipment to enjoy

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and access the ocean. Living in Hawai’i, many people love to surf. Oceangoers can volunteer as well in many capacities: helping in set up, surfing lessons, swimming lessons, even food and event planning. Eugene Sukert is a retired Army veteran and uses two prosthetics legs, “the small groups and adapted boards make it easy. I felt bad about always getting in the way, about needing help. They encouraged me but still let me be independent.”

As many non-profits on the island have seen sharp budget cuts, AccesSurf continues to fundraise and grow. With over three hundred registered volunteers, “volunteers are the lifeblood of our work,” said Chris Courtouis, the March Volunteer of the Month. This year the clothing store H&M has chosen AccesSurf as their non-profit of choice to sponsor for Hawai’i.  To get involved on the island call 808236-4200, visit them at: http://www.accessurf.org/contact-us/, or like their Facebook page: AccesSurf

Photo Credit: E.Murai APRIL 2014

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THE OCEAN SPANS OVER 70 PERCENT OF OUR WORLD.

GENERATION

BLUE

It is responsible for regulating temperature, food production, sustaining numerous marine species, and is a source for inspiration among multiple other things. The ocean gives us so much and it is time for us to return the favor and take actions to make the ocean ecosystem healthy again. Almost every action that we take affects the ocean in some way. Our everyday choices can be tailored to support a healthy ocean. Here are some examples of green acts that will keep the ocean blue.

Actions for the Ocean

By Kathryn Lam, Editor

On March 29 from 8:30-9:30pm, around the globe was Earth Hour, a time for people everywhere to turn out their “non-essential lights” to show their commitment to the planet. An annual event, Earth Hour takes place on the last Saturday of March.

However, just because Earth Hour passed doesn’t mean our commitment has to. Here are a few ways that you can save energy daily.

-In the house.

Fans, lights and air conditioning are a few of the things that don’t need to be on while you’re not at home.

If you already do this, take it a step further and unplug anything while not in use. Taking a second look at which kitchen appliances are plugged in is a good way to start, there is no reason for your coffee maker, electric kettle, microwave, toaster, and blender to all be plugged in at the same time, especially when they are not in use. Also, check your bathroom before you leave it. Does your hair straightener really need to be plugged in after you use it? It’s simpler to just find a home for all these things (chargers included) so that you can not only have a cleaner looking home but also save money and energy.

-At work.

It can be harder to save energy in a space that isn’t yours such as an office. However, there are still a few ways that you can implement change in these spaces without intruding on other’s boundaries. For starters, when leaving your desk for extended periods of time you can opt to have your computer go on ‘sleep’ or hibernate mode so that it isn’t using as much energy. Minimizing outlet use is also a good way to start. Charge your phone the night before - you shouldn’t have to be using your phone much at work anyway so there is no reason why it should run out of battery while at work.

-In the car.

If it is a hot day, there is no need for both your air conditioning to be on and the windows to be down.

Leaving the windows open in the car does give you fresh air but also lets the air conditioning leave. If your car is too stuffy when you enter it, you can open the window to air it out but always remember to close them before you let that cool air blast!

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Aloha MOPers and Friends of MOP, Seawords is always looking for submissions for Critter of the Month, Ocean Art, as well as any article.

If you have photos of cool critters you think should be featured in one of our upcoming issues or have a talent for drawing, painting, or writing please let us know!

Subissions are always welcome!

Send your critter photos or art piece to seawords@hawaii.edu to be featured and be sent an issue of Seawords in color and a MOP sticker.

If you have a suggestion for a green act, email us at seawords@hawaii.edu with subject line Generation Blue to submit your idea.

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Google for the Ocean

By Kathryn Lam, Editor

Photo credit: MOP Edited by: Kathryn Lam

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Billionaires are privatizing science with benefits for the ocean community

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year ago, President Obama announced the United States’ initiative to begin a $100 million project that would ‘probe the mysteries of the human brain.” He called it “the next great American project” and spoke of all the past glories the United States had lead in world science. The President told the scientists gathered at the conference that he wanted to continue this legacy.

fields more trendy than central.”

Despite these warnings, this means good things for the field of ocean science. Schmidt and his wife, Wendy Schmidt, have donated over $100 million to the Schmidt Ocean Institute, a non-profit, private foundation focused on oceanography, founded by the Schmidts in March 2009.

According to the New York Times, the institute “lets scientists use its research vessel, Falkor, to explore deep mysteries around the globe, including undersea volcanoes and unfamiliar forms of life.”

Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman of Google, at the press conference about the e-G8 forum during the 37th G8 summit in Deauville, France. (Guillaume Paumier, CC-BY)

“We can’t afford to miss these opportunities while the rest of the world races ahead,” said President Obama. “We have to seize them.

I don’t want the next job-creating discoveries to happen in China or India or Germany. I want them to happen right here.”

However, the works behind the President’s new plans were not discussed in the press conference. Due to budget cuts, the United States’ research jobs have started to become unstable. With scientists being laid off because their labs were closing, things weren’t looking so good. Until the idea of science philanthropy, initiated by rich Americans, became popular that is.

Benefactors such as Michael R. Bloomberg, former mayor of New York and founder of Bloomberg L.P., James Simons, hedge funds manager, David H. Koch who deals in oil and chemicals, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, Eric E. Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, and Lawrence J. Ellison co-founder and chief executive officer of Oracle Corporation, an enterprise software company, are among the wealthy donors.

However, some are skeptical. According to an article in the New York Times, “Nature, a family of leading science journals, has published a number of wary editorials, one warning that while ‘we applaud and fully support the injection of more private money into science,’ the financing could also ‘skew research’ toward

According to the institute’s website, schmidtocean. org, Falkor is currently on the first of two cruises to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands where the Schmidt Ocean Institute will “collaborate with researchers from several US, Canadian, and Australian institutions to produce detailed seafloor maps of a significant portion of that remaining area. In keeping with the mission of Schmidt Ocean Institute, these will be made publicly available as quickly as possible as a starting point for future discoveries and critical research in the region.”

The two cruises will be led by marine biologist, Dr. Christopher Kelley, of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa with a team composed of scientists from NOAA’s Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the University of Sydney, and the University of British Columbia, and others from the University of Hawai‘i. For the second cruise, at least eight students will be aboard for a UH graduate-level course on sonar mapping. 

Stay tuned for an interview with Dr. Kelley in our May issue.

More about the cruise can be found on the institute’s website, http://www.schidtocean.org by clicking on the “Revealing the Hidden Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument” banner on the main page or clicking on this link: http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/ show/2216.

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ART

Compiled by Kathryn Lam, Editor

In honor of the photo competition being held this month (that will be featured in our June issue), we have compiled some of last yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s winner and runner-ups for your inspiration.

Enjoy!

Aaron Nicholson

Daniel Jennings-Kam 16|

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Don Mcleish

Daniel Jennings-Kam

Paul Bump APRIL 2014

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Savng the Throwback: Tips on Saving the Stock

By Priya Rashid, Assistant Editor

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here may come a day when people will have to fish in designated reserves and lakes, where fishing in the open ocean is a thing of yesteryear. Fishermen and activists alike are dreading that day. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, overfishing still occurs in 45% of the fish stocks that are under restoration plans. One of the most interesting conservation strategies is the catch and release approach. Catch and release is aimed to prevent overharvesting but the mortality rate of fish caught and thrown back is still substantial. Here are some tips to ensure that the fish you throw back keeps on swimming long after the release.

1. Avoid catch and release when deep sea fishing.

Though catch and release tactics tend to work well on shallow water fish, deep sea fish species are vulnerable to “barotrauma.” This is when fish are not able to adapt to the extreme change in pressure quick enough.

Often the swim-bladder expands and bulges out of the eyes and mouth and compresses the internal organs of the fish. Even if it isn’t noticeable on sight, the fish is usually unable to swim or dive to due internal pressure changes. Some fishermen have used a needle to deflate the swim bladder before release but recent studies by the Central Fisheries Board with the U.S Department of Agriculture have found the practice to be equally as

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dangerous.

2. Choosing artificial baits. Several studies indicate that there is a lower mortality rate associated with artificial lures. Scientists believe that lures and flies reduce the rate of deep hooking and bleeding. The reason is because the active jabbing motion tends to catch on the lip of the fish at a much quicker rate. Though not all species of fish can be caught with artificial bait, artificial bait should be the preferred choice when applicable.

3. Practice rapid landing and limit the amount of fish play and tug. Minimize the exhaustion and extreme exercise of the hooked fish. Try to limit the amount of shock and stress to the fish. Heavier tackle and high strength lines reduce the mortality rate and are less likely to result in complications that may affect the survival after release.

4. Best handling is least handling. Experimental results and common sense have shown that minimized handling reduces post-catch stress and shock. It also lowers the likelihood of physical injury due struggle, loss of body slime and blood loss. Using purpose-designed unhooking devices and handling tools enable quick release and limit the amount of necessary handling.

Using specialized handling tools is preferable to nets.

They often damage the fish’s sensitive fins, gills, slime coat and scales. They also take an increasing amount of time to remove which increases the handling induced stress.

5. All in the release. It might seem like to overkill but fishermen who put consideration in release zones tended to have lower mortality rates. Fish should be released in “safe” areas. These are areas with low predator access and low stress such as an area with minimal currents. These recovery areas give the fish time to recover from the catch. Some fishermen even hold fish that are

showing signs of stress or exhaustion using a designated grip or handling tool in a recovery area (facing the current or gently moved in a figure-eight pattern) to isolate them from predators and allow them to recover. 

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Critter of the Month: 20|

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Photo by: Rebecca Ziegler, UHH MOP Student

Bloody hermit crab Scientific name: Dardanus sanguinocarpus This hermit crab can be found in the Hawaiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;i, Marqueasas, and Marshall island areas.

It can grow up to be 3 inches and are generally found in medium-sized shells at scuba depths according to marinelifephotography.com.

“On your mark, get set, shoot!”

Are you a photographer? Well, it’s time for Seawords 2nd annual photography contest!

We have four categories this year: Topside Under the Sea Flora and Fauna You can enter as many photos as you like to any of these categories (please make sure to pick the correct category for each photo).

UHM MOP Staff will pick a winning photo from each category and Keoki Stender, owner of marinelifephotography.com and MOP alum will choose from those four photos a best overall photo which will also be used on the cover.

There will also be a compliation of “Office Favorite” and profiles on the photographers of the winning photos. Winning photos will be framed and hung in the hallway outside of the MOP hallway.

Although the competition is open to the public, you must be a MOP student to win cover photo.

Please send your submissions to: seawords@hawaii.edu By midnight HST, Wednesday April 30, 2014.

Thank you!

Photo credit: UHH MOP Student Daniel Jennings-Kam and winner of our last photography contest.

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Calendar of Events at UH Sea Grant’s Hanauma Bay Education Program Marine Science in East O‘ahu ***Presentations take place in the theater of the Hanauma Bay Education Center, beginning at 6:30 p.m. every Thursday evening. Events are free and open to the public with no charge for parking after 5:30pm***

March Events Kahua A‘o: Integrating Culture, Language, and Science

MARCH 3, 2013 “Pa`a Ke Kahua: Research in Hawaiian Language Newspapers” Lasona Ellinwood (M.A. Recipient) & Pomai Stone (M.A. Candidate), Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language, UHM MARCH 10, 2013 “Pele, Hi‘iaka and Hawaiian Geology” Dr. Scott Rowland, Specialist, Department of Geology and Geophysics, UHM Lindsey Spencer, Student, College of Education MARCH 17, 2013 “El Nino -Southern Oscillation and Hawaii’s Climate” Dr. Steven Businger, Professor, Meteorology Department, UHM Kelly Lance, Meteorology Student, UHM

For more information or questions please contact: Hanauma Bay Education Program 100 Hanauma Bay Rd. Honolulu, HI 96825 Phone: (808) 397-5840 Email: hanauma@hawaii.edu http://hbep.seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/

MARCH 24, 2013 “From Storm to Shorebreak: Waves Impacting Hawaii’s Coasts” Dr. Steven Businger, Professor, Meteorology Department, UHM Kelly Lance, Meteorology Student, UHM

FLASHBACK: 1973 This map was a part of the 1973 March-April issue of Seawords. It showed the route that the Teritu MOP cruise had planned.

Also on the map is a detailed plan of the events for the trip.

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Tour of NOAA Facilities on Ford Island Date & Time: April 2, 1:45-6:00 pm

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Earth Day

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Coming up next month: MOP Graduation Date & Time: May 8, 4:30-7:00 pm Place: TBA Tour of SEA Semester Ship Date & Time: Afternoon/TBA Place: Aloha Tour

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University of Hawai`i at Mﾄ］oa Seawords, Marine Option Program College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Address Service Requested

Thank you for reading!