September 2017 Seawords by Marine Option Program

Seaw rds The Marine Option Program Newsletter

September 2017

15 “A total of eight archeological

sites were investigated, half of which had not been previously surveyed.”

YOU MUST FEEL THE WRECK SHIPWRECK: UNKNOWN LCM OF PEARL HARBOR GENERATION BLUE: ECO-TOURISM ON A BUDGET

September 2017 Volume XXXI, Number 7

Articles Page 3: Letter from the Editor Page 4: You Must Feel the Wreck Page 6: Shipwreck of the Month: LCM Page 8: Ocean Updates Page 10: Marine Mammal of the Month: Walrus Page 12: Ocean Art Page 14: Generation Blue Page 16: Flashback Page 17: Critter of the Month Page 18: Hanauma Bay: Calender of Events Page 19: SCUBA Certification Classes Page 20: MOP Calendar of Events

About the Photography -Cover: Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP Alumnus and Photography Contestant -Table of Contents: Jessica Lotts, UHM MOP Almna and Photographer Contestant -November Calendar of Events: Angelica Valdez, UHM MOP Student and Photography Contest Contestant -Back cover: Camra Hopper, Editor -All uncredited photos by: MOP -Disclaimer: any photo taken from flickr.com is used under the Creative Commons License and is credited appropriately with links to the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flickr account. 2|â&#x20AC;&#x192;Seawords

Letter from the Editor

loha! Welcome to the beginning of the Fall 2017 semester and the September 2017 issue of Seawords!

Our feature piece this issue was written by Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP Alumnus, about the students who participated in MOP’s annual Maritime Archaeological Surveying Techniques (MAST) over the summer, a two-week class training students in a variety of maritime archaeology topics and techniques. This year, MAST took place on O‘ahu, looking at eight archeological sites, half of which had no previous data. Last semester many of our writers graduated from the UH System, which means Seawords is looking for new passionate-ocean writers! Becoming a volunteer Seawords author or artist only requires your love for the ocean from any UH campus--we’ll teach you the rest. We are also looking for an Associate Editor to learn the ropes and become the future Editor of Seawords! This position does require you to be a non-senior standing Mānoa MOP Student. What would you like to see more of in Seawords? Send us your thoughts! Mahalo for reading,

Camra Hopper, Seawords Editor Seawords Volume XXXI, Number 7, September 2017 Editor: Camra Hopper Dr. Cynthia Hunter (éminence grise) Jeffrey Kuwabara (éminence grise) Seawords- Marine Option Program University of Hawai‘i, College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Telephone: (808) 956-8433 Email: <seawords@hawaii.edu> Website: <http://www.hawaii.edu/mop>

Seawords is the monthly newsletter of the Marine Option Program at the University of Hawai‘i. Opinions expressed herein are not necessariliy those of the Marine Option Program or of the University of Hawai‘i. Suggestions and submissions are welcome. Submissions may include articles, photography, art work, or anything that may be of interest to the marine community in Hawai‘i and around the world. All photos are taken by MOP unless otherwise credited.

SEPTEMBER MAY 2017 |3

“You Must Feel the Wreck”

Maritime Archaeological Surveying Techniques (MAST) 2017

By: Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP Alumnus Photos by: Jeff Kuwabara, UHM MOP Coordinator

“Y

MAST Students diving straight for the ocean to begin their surveys. Photo by: Jeff Kuwabara, UHM MOP Coordinator.

ou must feel the wreck, for the wreck knows and the wreck goes…” were words of wisdom offered to us by our co-instructor, Dr. Hans Van Tilburg as an insightful parody to a quote from the cave diving movie, Sanctum. Dr. Van Tilburg, Maritime Heritage Coordinator of National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, was accompanied by U.S. Marine Corps Colonel and History Lecturer from UH Windward Community College, Don Froning. Along with immeasurable efforts of UH Mānoa MOP Coordinator, Jeff Kuwabara, this dynamic trio “submerged” the four Maritime Archaeological Surveying Techniques (MAST) 2017 students into a diverse archaeological experience! MAST took place from June 19 to June 30 as a collaborative effort by UH Mānoa’s Marine Option Program (MOP) and NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The course was held out of the NOAA’s Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center (IRC) on Ford Island on

4| Seawords

O‘ahu. Every morning humbly began by passing armed guards to enter the base and driving past the most significant maritime heritage sites of the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II. During the mornings, students engaged in classroom presentations from their instructors on a wide variety of topics in maritime archaeology. In the afternoons, the wrecks became the instructors as different methods were practiced across many sites around the island. Unlike scientific methods learned in the Quantita-

One of the sites had poor visibility, but students continued to gather data.

DIVE SAFETY tive Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques (QUEST) program, there are many fewer absolutes in the techniques learned at MAST. For example, during a benthic survey divers deploy a transect line and adhere to a well-defined protocol to accurately record data in a given quadrat. As the Lord of the Rings meme goes, “one does not simply…” map an archaeological site! There are an endless number of options and combinations of features that could be used in collecting data for mapping. It also depends on the physical attributes of the site, with considerations to environmental factors, which influence your decision on which underlying technique to use. This year, MAST students had the unique opportunity of sampling a wide variety of sites ranging from a 4m long winch from a 19th century steamship in Waimanalo, to a near 20m long section of World War II era LSM (Landing Ship Medium) off Ewa Beach. A total of eight archeological sites were investigated, half of which has not been previously surveyed. However the main wreck of focus was another World War II era landing craft near the mouth of Pearl Harbor. Over the course of only four dives, the class produced an accurate site interpretation that will be added to NOAA’s regional Maritime Heritage inventory. For more incredible, and rare, opportunity to learn hands-on information on this wreck, check out the “Shipwreck of maritime archaeological training. Very few academic institutions offers this caliber of program and we are so the Month” article on page 6! fortunate MOP and NOAA’s Office of National Marine If the privilege of practicing archaeological techniques Sanctuaries have been able to offer it. This course exon significant World War II wrecks at Pearl Harbor posed the 2017 class to an exciting new realm of scienwasn’t enough for a worthwhile experience, the incred- tific diving, other than counting fish! This year’s MAST ible tours the class took students, Bryant Grady (UH Hilo MOP Student), Will outside of the classroom Knudson (UC Santa Cruz), Jessica Lotts (UH Manoa was the “cherry on top!” MOP Alumna) and Tyler Phelps (UH Hilo MOP AlumStudents got an up-close nus) would like to thank their instructors for such a retour of the Pisces submers- warding and unforgettable class! n ibles by operations director, Terry Kerby, of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL). One the last day of the course, the group received insightful behind-the-scenes tours of the USS Arizona Memorial, USS Bowfin Submarine Museum, and the Pacific Aviation Museum! The MAST program offers MOP students an SEPTEMBER 2017 |5

Shipwreck of the Month: The Unknown LCM of Pearl Harbor

By Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP Alumnus

n their most basic principles, boats are supposed to float. For thousands of years captains and engineers have gone to great lengths to prevent vessels from taking on water. Yet we now live in a time of maritime irony as monstrous mega-cruise ships are equipped with huge swimming pools and water slides! Before these came another oxymoron, boats made to intentionally run aground and collide with the

LCM Diagram by USSRankin.org 6| Seawords

bottom. These landing crafts arose from World War II and have since evolved to have incredible amphibious capabilities. In the 1930s, the Japanese military developed specialized “Daihatsu-class” vessels designed to run aground in shallow water and lower a bow ramp to rapidly deploy troops. Simultaneously, the United States Marine Corps and Navy hired private firms to develop their own amphibious vessel. In 1939 a New Orleans boat builder, Andrew Higgins, developed a superior vessel meeting the Navy’s criteria to beat out the competing designs. He called the 36-foot vessel the Eureka. Later in 1941, the Marine Corps requested a bow ramp be included in the design after seeing a photo of its Japanese competition. This new design was known as landing craft vehicle, personnel (LCVP) but also became knows as the Higgins Boat. The LCVP could carry 36 equipped combat infantry men or 8,000 pounds of cargo from ship to shore. A production of almost 24,000 LCVPs during World War II was just the

beginning for United States landing craft and taken from a particular feature to a location the development of other amphibious vessels. on baseline to then “triangulate” its location Hosted by the Marine Option Program on the site map during the drawing process. (MOP) and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this year’s Maritime Archaeological Surveying Techniques (MAST) course focused on a previously unknown site at the mouth of Pearl Harbor. Using techniques learned in the course, the objective was to develop an accurate map of the heritage site. To do this, the class of four survey divers used baseline trilateration techniques while referencing photographs taken with a photo scale over the course of four dives. During baseline trilateration, a fixed measured line is deployed along the site to accurately provide a reference of key features and artifacts. Multiple distance measurements are

Based on the evidence of the ship wreck’s dimensions, artifacts, and general clues from the design, we hypothesized this unknown wreck to be of a Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM). The 50 foot vessel rests in only 15 feet of water, making the site surveys very challenging in the swell! Developed in the 1940s, different classifications of landing crafts were produced to rapidly deploy tanks and other mechanized vehicles during amphibious assaults. Some models were capable of transporting multiple 30-ton tanks hundreds of miles! There was a sense of pride for operating these vessels and vehicles. As the Marine Corps saying goes, YAT-YAS, if “you ain’t track, you ain’t s***!” n

Final UH MOP MAST 2017 drawing of the LCM.

SEPTEMBER 2017 |7

cean updates

By: Camra Hopper, Editor

“MAN-GENERATED OCEAN NOISE LEVELS HAVE DOUBLED EVERY DECADE FOR THE PAST 60 YEARS, POSING A SERIOUS THREAT TO SEA ANIMALS.” - HEALTHY HEARING Oil drilling of the California Coast in Huntington Beach. Photo by: Camra Hopper, Editor

Noise Pollution Stresses and Confuses Fish

noise pollution may have the potential to disrupt the sea bass’ ability to remain ‘in tune’ with its environment. Pile-driving and drilling sounds made during offshore Many of the piling and drilling underwater sounds construction structures cause European sea bass, overlap with the hearing range of sea bass and many Dicentrarchus labrax, to experience higher stress levels, other species of fish (100 – 1000 Hz). Some onshore researchers at Newcastle University (UK) found. activities can also add ambient noise levels. During one experiment, when researchers “played The European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework recordings of piling sounds and mimicked an Directive (MSFD) does recognize noise as a pollutant, approaching predator, the sea bass made more turns but only applications for larger or more complex projects and failed to move away from the predator.” Most sea have been registered in the UK government’s Marine bass actively avoided these areas, but those that were Noise Registry. The research team is proposing to exposed took longer to recover from the underwater expand the limits on the length of time that underwater sounds. drilling and piling can take place, in order to give fish Ilaria Spiga, lead researcher, explained that the rise of time to recover from physiological changes.

Dividing the Dolphin Diet Dolphin population health relies on sustained access to robust food. In order to figure out important information for conservation and management, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) researchers, colleagues at University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) looked at three different dolphin species to learn what they eat and how they divide up ocean resources and space. Dicentrarchus labrax. Photo by: Hans Hillewaert, Flickr. 8| Seawords

Researchers collected rice-sized skin samples from spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), and melon-headed whales

(Peponocephala electra) near Palmyra, a remote coral reef atoll in the central Pacific. Here, researchers believed bottlenose dolphins were at the top of the food chain, since they hunted bigger fish and squid, but the results from the skin samples suggested the three species had considerable overlap in feeding ecology, but in different hunting grounds. Lead scientist, Hillary Young, and her colleagues at UCSB found that the different marine predators in Palmyra finely divided their hunting areas and what they ate in order to reduce competition and remain in ecological coexistence. Different sharks were also found to have dramatically different diets and feeding strategies.

Meeting the World’s Fish Demand Researchers from UCSB, Nature Conservancy, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and NOAA are studying the possibility for each coastal country’s potential to meet its own domestic seafood needs through sustainable aquaculture using only a fraction of the ocean’s vast territory. Fish farming is the fastest-growing food section to address the increasing issues of food security around the globe. Lead scientist and author, Rebeca Gently, UCSB, said, “There is a lot of space that is suitable for aquaculture, and that is not what’s going to limit its development. It’s going to be other things such as governance and economics.” Researchers

determined

the

global

aquaculture

Coastal net pens off the coast of Maine. Photo by: NOAA’s National Ocean Service potential by identifying areas where ocean conditions are suitable for support farms, then synthesized data on oceanographic parameters (depth and temperature), and the biological needs of 180 species of fin-fish and bivalve mollusks. The study is the first global assessment of potential large-scale marine aquaculture. So far, it has been found that the ocean is filled with “hot spots,” or locations that provide enough space to produce 15 billion metric tons of fin-fish annually, more than 100 times the current global seafood consumption. n

Aerial view of Palmyra Atoll, remote coral reef in the central Pacific. Photo by:Island ConservationConservation Project, Flickr. SEPTEMBER 2017 |9

By: Jeremy Gasta, UHM MOP Student

Walrus

(Odobenus rosmarus) Range: Arctic and Subartic coastlines

Marine Mammal of the Month: Walrus

Diet: Benthic invertebrates, especially molluscs Size: 2,000 – 4,000 pounds and carving breathing holes in ice.

hen one thinks of pinnipeds – the amphibious, somewhat candid-looking marine mammals and the only marine mammals that can haul themselves up on land – our minds usually jump to seals or sea lions, which (with the exception of the truly gargantuan elephant seals) are usually somewhat smaller, and thought of as extremely cute, smart, and playful. However, the third contender tends to be a little more overlooked, being a bit larger and maybe goofier-looking than its smaller cousins, but still recognizable the world over: the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus).

Due to their large size, walruses have very few predators. While both polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and orcas (Orcinus orca) have been known to eat walruses, most adults are so large – and so adept at defending themselves with those intimidating tusks – that most of the predators will only prey upon young walruses. Polar bears, in particular, have been known to charge at walrus gatherings and cause them to stampede, and then feed upon any unfortunate youngsters that may have gotten crushed in the chaos. However, the only real predator that can regularly kill adult walruses are humans, who, like many other marine mammals, nearly ran the species into extinction in past centuries, before protective measures were put into place. Today, the only government-sanctioned hunting of walruses is done by native North American tribes for traditional purposes. These hunts only kill a relatively small number of the animals, and use up every part of the body. However, out of the three subspecies of walrus (Atlantic, Pacific and Laptev walruses), only the larger Pacific walrus has rebounded in large numbers from the days of heavy hunting.

Compared to other pinnipeds, walruses are a bit of an oddity. They are the only extant members of the taxonomic family Odobenidae, and the genus Odobenus. They are the largest pinnipeds to exist (except for the two species of elephant seal, genus Mirounga). Their most distinctive feature, of course, is the large pair of tusks each gender possesses. At their most extreme, the tusks can reach nearly three feet Besides human predation, the greatest threat to long, and are used for defense, mating, mobility 10| Seawords

ptera novaeangliae) to attract mates. The mother-child bond also seems to be especially strong in this species, with the two staying together for years, vs. the months or weeks – and sometimes even days – of other pinnipeds. Walruses are even known to come to other walrus’ aid should they be in distress, and nurse the young of friends – an especially touching gesture when one realizes the enormous energy cost of producing such fatty and calorie-rich milk for survival in the cold waters. Photo by: Polar Cruises, Flickr.

the walrus is changing climate. Walruses need solid, above-water platforms to rest and perform both childbirth and mating rituals, and in the summer months exclusively use frozenover sea ice for these purposes. As warmer temperatures leave less ice for them, the walruses’ way of life is being threatened, causing them to have to take longer migrations and go through greater physical exertion just to find food or rest. The negative effects of this are already being seen in walrus populations, as fewer young are being born, due to their would-be mothers already expending most of their energy to keep themselves alive and healthy, much less having to take care of a smaller and highly dependent youngster at the same time. While seals and sea lions are known for being social and intelligent, walruses may actually be the most social of all the pinnipeds. Walruses need to be close to others of their own species, and have been known to pile over each other, even on swelteringly hot days. They also have the widest range of sounds meant for communication, and males will sing songs with complexities nearing those of humpback whales (Mega-

While perhaps not as famous or wellloved as their smaller cousins, walruses are intelligent pinnipeds that demand just as much recognition as seals or sea lions, if not even more, due to their sociable nature, friendly demeanor, and important role in the Arctic ecosystems. n

Photo by: Puhuru1701, Flickr. SEPTEMBER 2017 |11

Ocean Art Background photo by: Daniel Jemings, UHM MOP Alumnus

“I am is currently a student at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa majoring in art. I’m passionate about letting the creative side of his personality show and enjoy spending my free time surfing, hiking or just unwinding at home. In the near future I dream of traveling to experience different cultures of the world.” - Ian Shishido

Shishido’s poem was chosen from a collection of poems submitted to us by Eric Shaffer, an HCC English Professor, and wrtten by his Creative Wrting English 201 class.

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“ Blue Dream”

By Ian Shishido, UHM Student

Waves crash on themselves to create white noise.

Shimmering lights dance along the oceans surface.

Blades of wind cut through air but caress my salty skin.

As I dive beneath the surface, colorful civilizations of coral

are maintained by aquatic creatures. Moving along the ocean floor, a sudden drop off creates a cold silence.

In the distance, a UV spotlight displays a calm ballet

of whales and the bitter stillness transcends into a tender harmony echoed only for my ears. The distant whispers travel into the deepest depths of my being. My soul intuitively knows, nothing in this big blue world can be taken without first giving up

Everything.

SEPTEMBER 2017 |13

GENERATION

Actions for the Ocean

BLUE

Article and Picture by: Camra Hopper, Editor

1. Understanding Federal and Local Marine Protection Laws

Understanding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) is a must for wondering around the Hawaiian Islands. Being an isolated group of islands has created endemic species that are now becoming (or already) endangered. Both laws prohibit “take” and “harassment.” The Hawai‘i Ecotourism Association (HEA) states, “take is to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such contact,” with endangered species and all marine mammals. HEA states harassment as “any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance that has the potential to injure a marine mammal, or the potential to disturb a marine mammal by causing disruption of behavioral patterns.” The Hawaiian islands also have their own Marine Life Conservation Districts (MLCDs) such as Hanauma Bay, Kealakekua Bay, and Pūpūkea, which are designed to conserve and replenish marine resources. In order to do this, MLCDs allow only limited fishing and other consumptive uses, or prohibit such uses entirely. For example, if you’re swimming on the west side of O‘ahu and run into a pod of Hawaiian spinner dolphins, Stenella longirostris, it is most likely that they are on auto pilot. This means they are swimming, but are also resting and only partially awake to allow the other half of their brain to sleep. During this time, they may seem easy to swim next to, but attempting to swim along the pod, may still cause them to split and disrupt their natural behavioral patterns. The proper way to “swim” with dolphins is to stay in one spot and keep your distance – do not chase after them. Most of the time they will swim back and forth near shore during their resting phase, so don’t worry, you’ll see them again if you don’t frighten them. All marine mammals are protected by law, so keep your distance, and remember they are wild animals that can still attack if they feel threatened.

2. Eco-Friendly Sun Protection

This one may seem easy to overlook, but it is extremely vital in maintaining the health of the reefs and the ecosystem. The chemical in reef-toxic sunscreen is oxybenzone. It has found to be so toxic that in 2017 Hawai‘i legislation proposed to ban the sale of personal care products that contain oxybenzone

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ummer is usually a time when families or friends pack their bags to travel the world. Visiting new places offers in-depth experiences and precious memories. Hands-on experience from traveling is a great way to learn, but doing it in an eco-friendly way can be a bit expensive. Most people buy tours as a way to fully experience a new location. This can be helpful when trying to figure out guidelines, laws, and the culture. If you plan on adventuring into nature in Hawai‘i on your own, be sure to follow these common rules:

and require that all advertisements or displays of sunscreen must display a warning that tells consumers that the sunscreen “contains chemicals which may harm Hawai‘i’s coral reef.” The reason it’s so dangerous to the reef is because it causes endocrine disruption, DNA damage and death of young coral. HEA suggest using sunscreens that contain titanium (di)oxide or zinc oxide instead because they are still effective, but less damaging to coral reefs.

3. Eco-Friendly Food Service and Cleaning Products

Hawai‘i has warm tropical weather, which means it’s important to stay hydrated, especially when doing popular physical activities, such as hiking and swimming. One of the common things to have in Hawai‘i is a reusable water bottle, specially one that is vacuum sealed to keep your ice water cold, unlike plastic water bottles. These will not only keep your water cooler for longer, but will also save you money from buying multiple plastic bottles. The toxins in plastics are harmful to the environment and can cause entanglement and death of wildlife. Buying a reusable water bottle does help cut out one-time-use plastics, like water bottles, but there are other things you can do to be more “green” while traveling. In order to be as green as possible, HEA suggest trying to purchase minimally packaged, reusable, durable, made of recycled material items. Try to reduce your environmental impact by conserving water and energy and reducing waste. While traveling, what better way to fully experience the culture than by buying local items from natural food stores? A few eco-friendly food services include: Styrophobia (Hawaii-based), Kokua Market, Down to Earth, Eco-Products Brand, World Centric and If You Care brands, and even Walmart, Target, and Costco have eco-branded products. It’s easier than ever to eat out at an eco-friend restaurant with the Surfrider Foundation’s program, Ocean Friendly Restaurants, which recognizes restaurants that reduce plastic waste and implement ocean-friendly practices. If a restaurant meets the qualifications, they will have the logo on the front of their building. For a full list of restaurants for all of the islands visit: http://www.oceanfriendlyrestaurantshawaii.org/full_list.html. n SEPTEMBER 2017 |15

FLASHBACK: SEPTEMBER 1995 By Camra Hopper, Editor

very year, over 100,000 turtles and marine mammals are killed by plastic marine litter around the world. A single plastic bag takes 10 – 20 years to break down and a plastic bottle takes 450 years, according to Perseus, a policy-orientated marine environmental research project in the southern European seas. Plastic is not the only debris problem is the seas – it comes in many forms: glass, metal, Styrofoam, fishing gear, and even abandoned vessels. One of the big issues is understanding that marine debris is your problem, too. “It affects everything from the environment to the economy; from fishing and navigation to human health and safety; from the tiniest coral polyps to giant blue whales,” states the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Marine Debris Program.

big problem, the Fishing for Energy Program was formed in 2008 as a no-cost way to dispose of old or derelict fishing gear and turn it into energy using Covanta Energy-from-Waste facility. The energy created from one ton of fishing gear is equal to powering one home for 25 days. Marine debris is a global situation, so NOAA experts work with scientists, educators, communities and organizations around the world to educate and fight this problem. Several small impacts can create a big change. A few small changes NOAA suggest you can make are traveling eco-friendly (Generation Blue, page 14, for more ideas), cutting back on trash you produce, opting for reusable items instead of single-use products, recycling, and joining local efforts to pick up trash.

For a calendar of upcoming beach clean-ups, check Luckily, some debris is turning into energy right out 808 Cleanups: here in Hawai‘i! Because fishing gear is such a https://www.808cleanups.org/calendar/ n 16| Seawords

critter of the month Masked Angelfish (Genicanthus personatus) By Gina Selig, UHH MOP Student

Photo taken by Keoki Stender, MOP Alumnus, MarineLifePhotography.com.

ne of the world’s most soughtafter aquarium specimens is the masked angelfish, Genicanthus personatus. Its marble-white body coloration accentuated by a perimeter of color truly gives this fish its angelic appearance. This rarely seen fish is as beautiful as it is expensive, as the last collected pair was listed at $30,000. You may be wondering where you can spot this exquisite fish. It is common in as little as 25 feet around the northwestern Hawaiian Islands from the south of Kure to French Frigate Shoals. This area is off limits to collectors, though, and strictly enforced.

Locally, the masked angelfish prefers cool water deeper than 200 feet which is at the edge of diving limits. Diver Rufus Kimur, used rebreather technology last December to a depth of 400 feet to collect this species for biologist Karen Brittain, a scientist from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB). Thanks to Brittain’s efforts through the years, this virtually unobtainable Hawaiian endemic has been successfully spawned in captivity, bringing it at least one step closer to accessibility to aquariums. However, for now, Genicanthus personatus is still one of the highest profile marine aquarium fish in the world.n SEPTEMBER 2017 |17

The More You Know: Outsid September 2017

21 September

7 September •

Coral secrets uncovered by DNA and cultivation •

Conserving Coral Reefs

•

Coral bleaching impacts in Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve • •

28 September

14 September •

What’s up (and down) with our coral reefs? • •

• • • •

• •

18| Seawords

•

Is the coral dead? Coral Bleaching Recovery Plan • •

de Events SCUBA CERTIFICATION CLASSES PADI OPEN WATER • Classes held at the UH Pool • Tues/Thurs nights: 5:00pm-9:30pm

Sat/Sun: 1:00pm-6:30pm (open ocean dives)

SESSION #1 SEPT 12, 14, 16,17 SESSION #2 Oct. 10, 12, 14, 15 SESSION #3 Nov. 14, 16,18,19 SESSION #4 DEC. 5,7,9,10 The PADI Open Water Diver course is the most popular certification program in the world. Once certified, you will be able to dive with a buddy, purchase SCUBA equipment and dive around the world. The course is designed to be completed within 1 week. If you are prepared, the classroom portion will teach you the Knowledge Development of the basic principles of SCUBA diving. The Confined Water portion completed at UH pool will teach you the basic SCUBA skills and the Open Water Dives will help you to use the skills and knowledge you’ve learned in the Ocean. Course taught by Waikiki Dive Center Cost:

UH Students $210

Faculty/Staff/Guests $225

www.manoa.hawaii.edu/studentrec

SEPTEMBER 2017 |19

September

Photo by Angelica Valdez, UHM MOP Student and Photography Contest Contestant

Sun.

Mon.

Sunday’s at the Bay: Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm

Labor Day: NO SCHOOL

MOP Back to School BBQ Bellow Beach @ 9am-4pm

Tues.

QUEST Fish ID Classes Dean Hall 104 @ 6pm-9pm

Wed.

QUEST F Dean Ha

Sunday’s at the Bay: Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm

Sunday’s at the Bay Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm

Sunday’s at the Bay: Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm

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QUEST Invert ID Classes Dean Hall 104 @ 6pm-9pm

QUEST Limu ID Classes Dean Hall 104 @ 6pm-9pm

QUEST I Dean Ha

QUEST L Dean Ha

Fish ID Classes all 104 @ 6pm-9pm

Invert ID Classes all 104 @ 6pm-9pm

Limu ID Classes all 104 @ 6pm-9pm

MOP & Community Events

Thurs.

Fri.

Sat.

Tour of HIMB at Coconut Island - Lilipuna Pier 9am - 12pm

SEPTEMBER 2017â&#x20AC;&#x192;|21

University of Hawai`i at MÄ noa Seawords, Marine Option Program College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Address Service Requested

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