Eco Industrial Park, Under Graduate Thesis Report

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Session2022

Waste to feed

In Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of Degree of BACHELOROFARCHITECTURE

By SEERATAMIN 17ARC18

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Seerat Amin

Eco industrial park –Waste to feed

Bachelor of Architecture

THESIS – 2022

School of Architecture - Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir

Guide : Ar. Farhan Shabir

ItisherebycertifiedthatthisThesisentitledEcoIndustrialPark:WastetoFeed hasbeensubmittedby SeeratAmininthefulfillmentoftherequirementsfortheawardofthedegreeofBachelorofArchitecture, Session2022.

RecommendedBy: Ar FarhanShabir Ar TahaMasoodi (ThesisGuide) (ThesisCoordinator)

AcceptedBy: (Head–SoA,Kashmir)

JuryMembers:

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DECLARATION

ThisThesis,entitledEcoIndustrialPark:WastetoFeed isbeingsubmittedasrequirementsofB.Arch. studyduringtheninth(9th)semesterbymeforevaluation.ThecontentsinthisThesisareeithermyownwork orcompilationofdata/informationasgatheredfromcasestudies/surveyasindicated/referencedand permittedasperrules.

Nocontentsofthisthesishavebeencopiedfromanyotherthesis/reportinpartorfull.Ifatanystageitis foundthatthisissignificantlycopiedfromanyotherresource,theevaluationofthisreportandaccordingly gradeawardshallautomaticallystandcanceled.

TABLEOFCONTENTS

(SignatureofStudent)

B.Arch.,SemesterIX

LISTOFFIGURES

LISTOFTABLES

Acknowledgement

IexpressmygratitudeandheartfeltappreciationtoAlmightyAllah,thecreatorandguardian,withoutwhose consentnothingwouldhavebeenpossible.

Iwouldalsoliketoextendmysincereappreciationtomymentorandguide,Ar.FarhanShabir,forhisconstant guidanceandencouragement.Hisexpertise,integrity,knowledgeandcarehavealwaysbeenasourceofinspiration tome.ItisonlybecauseofhisunwaveringsupportandpersistenthelpthatIhavebeenabletocompletethis dissertation.

Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmygratitudetomyclassmatesandfriendsfortheirinvaluableassistance,support,and camaraderiethroughoutthisjourney.

Lastly,Iwouldliketooffermydeepestthankstomybelovedparentsandsiblingsfortheirunconditionallove, prayers,andencouragementthathavealwaysbeenasourceofstrengthandinspirationtome

Srinagar,November05,2022

SEERATAMEEN

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ABSTRACT

An industrial park is a planned and integrated area where multiple industries canoperate inclose proximity to each other These parks provide a collaborative platform for businesses to share infrastructure, services and resources while reducing transportation costs and increasing economic efficiency Industrialparksaredesignedtoprovideasafe,productiveandcomfortableenvironmentfor workersandvisitorsalike.

Theconceptofecoindustrialparkstakesthisastepfurther,byprioritizingsustainabilityinindustrial development.Theseparksfocusonreducingwasteandenergyusage,whileimprovingenvironmental performance through the efficient use of resources. The philosophy behind eco industrial parksis centered on the principle of circular economy, which aims to keep materials and resources in a continuouscycleofuseandreuse,ratherthandisposingofthemaswaste.

Thegoalofecoindustrialparksistoupcyclewastematerialsandkeeprawmaterialsinuseaslongas possible.Thisapproachnotonlyreduceswasteandconservesresources,butalsoreducesoperating costsforbusinessesbycreatingvaluefrommaterialsthatwouldotherwisebediscarded.Byadopting these practices, eco industrial parks can minimize their impact on the environment while also promotingeconomicgrowthandcreatingemploymentopportunities.

ProjectBrief

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) are an innovative approach to industrial development that focuses on the integration of different manufacturing businesses within a common property, with the aim ofachieving enhanced environmental, economic, and social performance through collaboration in managingenvironmentalandsocialissues.The maingoalofEIPsistopromoteinclusiveand sustainable development by creating a community ofindustries thatworktogetherto achieveindustrialsymbiosis.

Industrial symbiosis is a process by which industriescangainacompetitiveadvantageby physicallyexchangingmaterials,energy,water, and by-products. By doing so, EIPs aim to reduce waste, conserve natural resources,and minimize environmental pollution, while also improvingeconomicperformanceandcreating new opportunities for job creation and economicgrowth.

links between industrial processes thatreflect thesymbioticrelationshipsofnature.

Bypromotingtheconceptofindustrialecology and industrial symbiosis, EIPs can create a strong regional network of businesses that supporteachotherinachievingenvironmental, economic, and social sustainability. These networks can lead to new business opportunities, increased economicgrowth,and improvedqualityoflifeforlocalcommunities.

Overall, EIPs are a promising approach to industrial development thatcanhelptocreate moresustainableandresilientcommunities.By bringing together businesses that share common goals and values, EIPs can help to buildastrongerandmoresustainableeconomy, whilealsopromotingenvironmentalandsocial sustainability.

Keywords:industrialpark,sustainable,wastemanagement

One of the key concepts behind EIPs is industrialecology(IE),whichisaconceptthat aims to promote environmentally sustainable economic development. Within IE, industries can reduce their environmental impacts by sharingwasteresourcesandreducingtheneed for raw materials, which can lead to more efficient use of resources and decreased environmental pollution. Thisconcept seesall industrial activities as natural systems with

Thedesignapproachofthiseco-industrialpark would prioritize the integration of industries with green spaces, creating a harmonious balance between production and nature. The goal is to provide a welcoming and comfortable environmentforbothworkersand students,promotingasenseofcommunityand collaboration. Theparkwillofferamplespace for the industries to operate efficiently while also providing a conducive environment for research and development in the field of sustainability.

The park will incorporate various sustainable features such as renewable energy sources, wastereductionandmanagement,andefficient water usage.Thearchitecture oftheparkwill focus on creating buildings that are energy efficient, utilizing natural lightandventilation while minimizing energywastage. Thedesign oftheparkwillalsoprioritizeaccessibilityand connectivity,makingiteasyforthecommunity toaccesstheservicesofferedbytheindustries.

Insummary,thegoalofthisprojectistodesign an eco-industrial park that not only promotes sustainableindustrialpracticesbutalsoaimsto create a sense of community and shared economicopportunities.Theparkwillintegrate industries with green spaces, prioritize sustainable features, and focus on creating a welcoming andaccessible environment forall stakeholders.

Aim

Theaimofthisprojectistodelvedeepintothe key architectural design qualities of space withinanindustrial parkinordertodesignan eco-industrial parkthatemphasizesintegration of industries within the wider society. The projectiscenteredoncreatingsharedeconomic opportunities and a healthy ecosystem that benefitsallstakeholders.

Objective

Theobjectiveofthisthesisisto;

●Introduce the concept of industrial symbiosis

●Establishanindustrialparkwithcompatible socialinfrastructure.

●Integrate industrial, commercial, social and institutionaldevelopment.

●Development of knowledge, training and researchsupportinfrastructure

Scope

Asanindustrialparkencompassesalargearea of land, the development of a 44-acre industrial park poses significant challenges and opportunities. Giventhescopeandscale of the project, my design approach would primarily focusonthemasterplanningofthe park to ensure optimal use of the available space. In doing so, certain areas ofthepark maynotbedeveloped indetailandwouldbe earmarkedforfuturedevelopment.

To achieve an effective master plan, several factors must be taken into account, such as zoning regulations, transportation infrastructure, and utilities management. Careful consideration must also be given to the location and orientation of different industries within the park to promote synergies and collaboration while ensuring optimal useofspace.Additionally,thedesign mustprioritize thewell-being andcomfortof

workersandvisitorsbycreatingawelcoming and safe environment that integrates green spacesandsocialamenities.

Through themaster planningofanindustrial park, we cancreate aframeworkthatfosters economic growth, job creation, and environmental sustainability. By thoughtfully designingthepark'slayoutandinfrastructure, wecancreateafunctionalandefficientspace that promotes innovation, collaboration, and socialwell-being.

Areaswhichwillbedetailedoutare:-

FewIndustriesthatwillbereplicated Warehouses thatwillbereplicated

Exhibitioncenterandshowrooms

Skilldevelopmentcenter

Researchanddevelopmentcenter

Officebuilding

Auditorium

Residentialquarters

Hostels

Limitations

The scope of the project is focused on small scale and green industries which are critical componentsofsustainabledevelopment.Small scale industries have the potential to create employment opportunities, promote entrepreneurship and contribute tothegrowth of local economies. On theotherhand,green industries are those that minimize negative

impacts ontheenvironmentwhilemaximizing economicandsocialbenefits.

1.Overview

Chapter1:Industrialparks

1.1 Definitionofindustrialpark/estate

An industrial park is a large tract of land developed for the usage by multiple firms simultaneously Where infrastructure is shared betweencloselyspacedfirms. It is based on integration ofdifferentfunctions into an industrial area where the majority of industrial production and services have greater economic turnover and high chances of employment. Industrial park is an area for industrial development located near to the transportation environment ofmultiplekinds.It provides services of two kinds that is standard andnonstandardservices.

Standard services : These include law consultation, finance accounting, asset security, operation and transportationsupportalongwith technical infrastructure environment and public greenerysupport. Non standard services : These services are generallyprovidedinparkshavingcountrywide and international importance with greater number of subjects, logistics services, technologytransfer,researchprocurementetc.

2.Literaturestudy

2.1Industrialplants

The levels and strengths of floorsarethemost important floor influence onlayout Adjoining buildings,andeventhosefarremovedthatmay somedaybeconnectedtothemainplant,should havefloorsatthesamelevel.Handlingsystems can then be tied inwithoutrampsorelevators. Asforfloorstrength,itshouldbecheckedwith thearchitect.

material-handling equipment, service pipes or wiring, and other equipment. Such considerations asnaturallight,heatconduction, anddustaccumulationalsorelatetothetypeand conditionoftheroof

2.3Wallsandcolumns

Unlike early plants which depended on thick stoneworkormasonrytoholduptheirwallsand roofs, modern buildings place their load on beams and supporting structures, generally of steel or reinforced concrete This way, the column carries the load andnowallisneeded, excepttokeepouttheelements Thisisagreat help to production for it means large, unobstructedworkingareas.

Warehousing Warehousing is the receiving, storage,anddeliveryofgoods.Receivingisthe acceptance of goods with a degree of accountability therefore StorageStorageisthe safekeeping of goods in a warehouse or other depository. Delivery Delivery is the transfer of goods to a transportation carrier or customer . Distribution Distribution is a function of warehousingwhichincludesthepreparationand delivery of goods according to plan or special order

2.2Roofsandceiling

Roofsandceilingsaffectlayoutschieflybytheir height above the floor. Table 1 has some generallyrecommendedheightsforuseasarule ofthumb.

Theusefulnessofoverheadspacemaybelimited by what can be attached totherooforceiling. Very few plants hangtheirmachineryfromthe roof or ceiling . But a great many suspend

2.4Warehousingandstorage

2.5ShippingandReceivingAreas

The receiving area of a warehouse should be located adjacent to incoming rail or truck facilities and as convenient as possible to the storage area The receiving dock is usually separated from the shipping area if possible to minimize cross traffic and possible confusion. The number of unloading positions required is dependent upon the volume of receipts or the maximumnumberofcarsortrucksspottedatthe same time . The light weight of portable

aluminumormagnesiumdockboardsisdesirable when power equipment is not available for position

min. every 15 mm. Height of the freestanding double shelvesmax.5xdepth.Capacityofthe shelves depends on the number of shelves per unit, calculated at 25-30 vols/running m (--> DINspecialistreport13).Shelfspacinginstacks

2.6Librariesfittings

System furniture for reference and lending librariesforalltypesofdevices(telephone,PC, terminals, microfiche readers) and for all required cable ducts for network and com-munications systems. Cupboards with specialdrawersforcardcatalogues,microfiches, slides, film, audio and videocassettes, compact discs, drawingcabinetsformaps,drawingsand graphics. Shelving systems for books, magazines, media; mostly freestanding double shelf units (vertical steel profiles, shelves steel sheetorwood)h=2.25m,spacingofverticals= 1.00m,depthofshelves=0.25-0.30m,butalso extra depths, e.g., for atlases and newspaper collected editions; shelves adjustableforheight

> 0.75 m, longer in accessible areas. Mobile shelf units (only permissible in closed stacks) can, if the column grid is favourable and the shelf blocks fit, resultinacapacityincreaseof up to approx. 100%. Required: floor load-bearing capacity ~12.5kN/m2(extracosts compared to the usual 7.5 kN/m2). Microfilm readerworkplaceswillbenecessaryinthefuture to make available microfilmed media (predominantly newspapers). The tendency, however, is towards because this creates better useandaccesspossibilities.

2.7ProportionsoftheAuditorium

These are derived from the psychological awarenessandangleofviewofthespectator,or the requirementforagoodviewfromallseats. Optionsare:

1. Good view, without moving head, but light eyemovementsofapprox.30°.

2. Good view with slight headmovementsand lighteyemovementsofapprox.60°0.

3.Max.awarenessanglewithoutheadmovement approx.110°,i.e.,allactionsinthefieldare'in view'. Outside this field, there is uncertainty, because'something'isoutofview.

4. Full head and shouldermovementallowsan angleofviewof360°.

2.8Industrial Laboratory

To a large extent the design of a laboratory building will be dictated by the heating, iontilating,andair-conditioningsystems,andthe utility distribution layout If these factors are carefully planned first, the laboratory building designwillbeanefficientone,anditwillstillbe possible to plan for structural flexibility and

growth needs as well as for engineering capability Themoduleplanisthemostuseful forthedesignofhealthresearchfacilities This section will briefly discusshowvariousgroups have met some of the challenges of research laboratorydesign,usingthemoduleasthebasis foragridpattern.Experiencewithindustrialand academic laboratories can prove instructive for thoseworkingwithhealth-relatedfacilities.

Industrial research facilities do not yet require such a comprehensive solution Industrial laboratory space is likely to be more uniform than a university or government facility The range of research is relatively narrow, and, as thereisnostrongtenuresystem,industryisless likely to design a laboratory around the requirementsofaparticularscientistAtpresent, therefore, industry tends to think of new laboratoryspaceintermsofaddingblocksofa set size and type The long-range outlook, however, is probably toward the more flexible approachalreadyemployedbytheuniversities

Research Areas The research portion of the laboratory is itself divided into several basic elements . Most research areas require desk space as well as bench space ; and many experiments require some sort of controlled environment,withcloselyregulatedtemperature and humidity, or the elimination of outside

contamination Controlled environment installations and other ancillary facilities frequently cannot be accommodated within the ordinary research areas In addition, scientists frequently wish to have conference rooms directly associated with research, and there are usually some fairly extensive storage requirements

A comparison of four basic types of industrial laboratories is shown in the illustration below The first one places the desk space within the laboratoryitselfThesecondplacestheofficeson one sideofthecorridorandthelaboratorieson the other The third plan provides core laboratories and perimeter offices ; the fourth provides a peripheral corridor and interior laboratories, with the desk space again incorporated in the research area . These four plans are representative of standard practice : most laboratories will be found to conform to oneoranotherofthesebasicclassifications

2.9StandardConfiguration

Utility services should be laid out with an identical configuration for every floor . This layoutshouldbedesignedtomeetthecapability needs of the programs that will occupy the

building over its life and with appropriate considerationofcosts Whereitisnotpractical provide an identical layout in each floor, a standard utilitylayoutshouldbeestablishedfor floor which requires maximum utility servicesandthisstandardusedforalltheother floors, with deletions made where it is anticipatedtheserviceswillnotbeneededfora considerable time.Thearrangementofutilities should be such that installation of missing portions of the plumbing andductsystemscan madewithaminimumoflaborandmaterials

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

2.10Laboratoryplanning

Laboratoryplanningisgenerallyregardedasone ofthe mostdifficultassignmentswithwhichan architect can be confronted It involves the developmentofalayouttomeetanexactingset ofconditions,andtheintegrationofcomplicated engineering services . It is essential that the moduleandlayoutoftheindividuallaboratories be considered indetailbeforeevenpreliminary sketchplansareprepared.Thiscanbestbedone inthefollowingsequence

Width of Bench In chemistry laboratories, the generally accepted widthofbenchesfittedwith reagentshelvesis2ft6inforwallbenchesand5 ftforpeninsularbenches.Inphysicslaboratories, widthsof3ftand6ftaresometimespreferred, with a wide shelf for electronic equipment. In somelaboratories,abenchwidthof2ftor2ft3 inisadequate Wheresolidtimbertopsareused, the consideration of widthinrelationtocostis relativelyunimportant,butwheresheetsofsome material are being used, the width should be consideredinrelationtosheetsizesothatwaste is reduced to a minimum . Space between Benches As building costs rise, it is to be expectedthatthedistancebetweenbencheswill receive closer scrutiny . Some research laboratory plannersmaintainthattheincreasing useofmobileequipmentjustifiestheadoptionof

a 6-ftspace.Ifitisadopted,theninabuilding 200 ft long it means the loss of one2-module laboratory;conversely,adecreasefrom5ftto4 ft6inmeansagainofone1-modulelaboratory

The distance should be determined by considerations ofconvenienceandsafety,i.e., one person should be able to pass another (workingatthebench)comfortablyandwithout riskofcollision.

DepthofLaboratoriesOverthelast40years,the depthoflaboratorieshasincreasedfromabout16 ftto24or25ft,withsomegoingto27andeven 30ft.Thishasresultedinabetterutilizationof spaceand,asthespaniswithineconomiclimits, theadditionalareaisobtainedatalowercostper squarefoot.Forthestandardtypeofpeninsular bench layout, a clear depth of 24 ft is recommended

2.11Industrialplants,parking

Stall Arrangements Decisions about the choice ofangleandthelayoutofaislesmustbebased onindividualsiteconditions.Theplacementand numberofentrancesandexits,andthesiteshape and contour are the major controls . At large plants, blocks of parking by groupsofthreeto five hundred cars are preferable to larger aggregations.Pedestrian-vehicleconflictscanbe reduced,andassignedparkingfordifferentshifts andemploymentgroupscanbebettercontrolled, throughtheuseofsuchrelativelysmallblocks

The following general practices are desirable : usenaturalgradestofacilitatedrainage;provide forcounterclockwisetrafficaisleflow,sinceleft turnsareeasierthanrightturnsfordrivers;have parkedvehiclesfacedownhillratherthanuphill, to allow for stalled vehicles or winter weather conditions . This report includes layout details foronlyonetypeofparkingFigure1illustratesa

stall arrangement and an aisledesignthathave not been widely published-the drive-through doublestallpattern,usableineither90''oracute angleparkinglayouts Ingeneral,angleparking ispreferredforlargeindustrialparkingfacilities

First, properly designed angle parking can employ space as effectively as right-angle parking . Second, it virtually forces one-way movements, thereby simplifying control, reducing conflicts, and ensuring that daily parking practices conform to the established design Third, it provides for easier turning movements intoandoutofstallsDrive-through angle parking design offers the further advantages of minimizing backing out ofstalls anddirectingallaisletravelinthesamedirection . Itconservesspacemoreeffectivelythanother angle parking designs . Typically, the angled drive-throughlayoutrequires36ftforthedouble stallandan18--ftaisle(topermitpassingstalled vehicles), for a unit parking depth of 54 ft . Comparedwith90"parking,thespacelossalong the length of the bay-eight spaces in 500 ft according to the example-will be compensated forbythereductioninunitparkingdepth,from 62or64ftto54ft,ifenoughbayscanbeused Thedisadvantageofthisdesignofdrivethrough parkingisthatitincreasesthetraveldistanceand timeofasearchpatternifthelotisnearlyfull.It also is imperative to keep the end circulation

aislestwo-waysothatedriverwillnotbeforced outofthelotinordertoreturntoanotherparking aislé .The drawing also gives dimensions for angle parking et 53' 8',ananglewhichhasthe layout convenience of being a 3-4-5 triangle Otheranglescommonlyusedforparkingare45, 55,or60-.However,anyanglesmallerthanthe

3-4-5 configuration tends to be wasteful of space,withoutofferinganysignificantadvantage

.Wheretwo-wayaisleflowmaybedesirable,as in visitor parking lots, 90` parking is more appropriate Sitedimensionssometimesmaybe such that 90' unit parking depths are most appropriate regardless of other circumstances

The minimum 90 - parking depth reported to Committee 6T was 61 ft, with preferences expressedfor62-64ftasdesirabledimensions. Whenunitparkingdepthsarelessthandesirable, shortened stall lines (10-15 ft long) may encourage driverstopullallthewayintostalls

.Pedestrian-vehicle conflicts are almost inevitable,butwithminimumwalkingdistances suchconflictscanbereduced Severalmethods can be followed to lessen the inefficiency, congestion and safety hazards inherent in such conflicts 1 Parking spaceallocationscanbe oriented to specific buildings 2 . Parkingareas may be designed to focus on major walkways, which should be fenced or marked 3 . Where pedestrians must cross service roads or access

roadstoreachparkingareas,crosswalksshould be clearly designated by pavement markings, signs, flashing lights, or even traffic signals operatedbyplantsecuritypersonnel Crosswalk surfacesmayberaisedslightlytodesignatethem todrivers,unlessdrainageproblemswouldresult

4 . Walkways may be providedundercoverof buildings between parking and work areas 5 . Wherever possible, parking aisles should lead directlytotheplant.Thiswillminimizeinbound problems, since close-in spaces will be taken first and later arrivals will park farther away

Pedestrianscanwalkpastparkedcarsratherthan crossing aisles with cars arriving and being parked The best means of separating pedestrians and vehicles is by constructing underpassesoroverpassesatkeypoints.Grade separation may be essential to prevent long delays and time losses, as freight must be handled, to avoid exposure to hazardous plant operations .Itmaybenecessarywhereparking facilities and plant buildings are on opposite sidesofmajorhighways Ifintersectioncapacity problems preclude provision of a pedestrian phase in nearby traffic signals, grade-separated pedestriancrossingswillbeessential

3.Casestudy

3.1 Case study 1:Kalundborg Eco-Industrial ParkDenmark

3.1.1Introduction:

Industrial symbiosis was not initially intended for theKalundborg Industrial Park. Over the course of 20 years, it evolved into the "waste heatandmaterialssharingitistoday Thesaleof waste products without much preparation was first planned for Kalundborg. Each additional system link was negotiated as a separate commercial contract and only put inplaceifit was anticipated to be profitable. The Asnces PowerStationstartedoperatingin1959,marking the beginnings of the park. The first time two entities shared resources was in 1972 when Gyproc,afactorythatmadeplasterboard,setup a pipeline to receive gas from Tidewater Oil Company The district heating distribution networkforthecityofKalundborgwasfinished by the Kalundborg municipality in 1981 using leftoverheatfromthepowerplant

3.1.2Industrialsymbiosis:

In order to increase value, save costs, and enhance the environment,industriescollaborate toshareservices,utilities,andrawmaterials.

Industrialsymbiosistypicallytakesplacelocally or regionally among cooperating businesses.In

contrast to by-products, which may frequently moveconsiderablyfarther,itisnotcost-effective to carry water and steam beyond regional bounds, therefore increasing the distance between enterprises reduces the breadth of tradingopportunities.

The idea of mutualism in biological communities, where at least two otherwise unrelatedspeciesexchangematerials,energy,or informationinamutuallybeneficialway,isthe foundationoftheterm"symbiosis."

3.1.3Fivetypesofindustrialsymbiosis

1. By compiling lists of materials that one organisationwouldliketoletridofandanother organisation might need, exchanges formalise TRADING OPPORTUNITIES. Trades might take place on a local, regional, national, or internationalscale.

2. Within a Facility, Firm, or Organization: Rather than with a variety of outside partners, sometypesofmaterialexchangemaytakeplace primarily within the confines of one organisation. Large corporations frequently act independentlyofoneanotherandmayresemble an industrial symbiosis strategy that involves multiplefirms.

3. Among Businesses Situated in a Specific Eco-Industrial Park: By using this strategy, companies and other organisations with nearby locationscantraderesourceslikeelectricityand water as well as information and services like marketingandpermitting.

4.AmongLocalFirmsThatAreNotCollocated: Inthissortofexchange,partnersarenotrequired to be situated next tooneanotherbutratherin closeproximitytooneanother,asinKalundborg, where the main partners are situated within a 2-mileradiusofoneanother Type4exchanges bringtogethercurrentfirmsthatcanbenefitfrom streams of already produced materials, water, and energy as well as give new businessesthe chance to fill in based on shared service requirementsandinput/outputmatching.

5. Among Businesses Virtually Organized Across a Broaderz: Instead of colocation, exchanges rely on virtual links. Type 5 exchanges, while still place-based enterprises, coveraregionaleconomiccommunity,wherethe possibility for by-product exchange identification is significantly expanded by the largernumberoffirmsthatcanparticipate

Figure 1: Industrial symbiosis Loop in kalundborg EcoIndustrial Park

Figure 2: Industrial symbiosis Loop in kalundborg EcoIndustrial Park

Figure 3: Industrial symbiosis Loop in kalundborg EcoIndustrial Park

ARCH (THESIS)

OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

3.1.4 Wastewater The partnership between NovozymesA/S, Inthefieldofwastewatertreatment,AnasPower Station and Kalundborg Municipality significantly minimise environmental pollution.

Waste annually, boss Noveren I/S receives 13,000 tonnes of newspaper and cardboard, which are then sold to businesses inDenmark, Sweden, and Germany who use them to make newpaper,newcardboard,aggboxes,andtrays, among other things,forthehealthcareindustry

7,000tonnesofconcreteanddebrisarecrushed and sorted before being used for various surfaces. Deliveries of15.000tonnesofgarden andhogwasteweremadeintheneighbourhood.

4.000 tonnes of biowaste from commercial canteensandresidentialareas.

3.1.5Annualresult

3.1.6Conclusion

The Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park demonstrates how resource sharing among industrial actors in the same locality can be beneficialbothecologicallyandfinancially.

For today's organizations, applying circular models can yield enormous benefits in several business-critical areas. Stories about circularity and industrial symbiosislikeKalundborg'shelp organizations better position themselves to capitalize on a more sustainable and profitable future.

3.2CASESTUDY2:SIDCOIndustrialPark

KhanmohSrinagar

3.2.1Introduction

The nodal organisation for the promotion and development of medium and large scale industriesinthestateisJ&KSIDCO(Jammu&

Kashmir State Industrial Development Corporation).

SIDCO runs five big and medium industrial estatesinKashmirwith420functioningunits,an annual revenue of Rs. 2756 crore, and a workforceof3988.

3.2.3 Phasedevelopment

3.2.2GeneralInformation

Location:KhanmohSrinagarIndia.

Area:110ha.

Ownership:Onleaseprivate. OnleaseprivateNumberofIndustries:547.

Land use: Industrial as per Master Plan of Srinagar2035.

Figure 4: Factories involved in industrial symbiosis

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Figur

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Theareaunderconsiderationhasbeen designatedforindustrialuseinaccordancewith theMasterPlanSrinagar2035.However,despite thelandbeingearmarkedforthispurpose,only 40%ofithasbeendevelopedforindustrialuse, leavingaconsiderableportionoftheland underutilized.Theindustrialpark,whichhas beenestablishedinfourphases,iscurrently operationalinthreeofthem,withthefourth phaseundergoingconstruction,aslandallotment hasalreadybeendoneforthesame.

Thefirstphaseofdevelopmentbeganwayback in1980.Regrettably,theplanningofindustries inthisphasewasnotuptothemark,andthe industrieswerehaphazardlyplacedoveravast areaofland,resultingintheunderutilizationof space.Moreover,theplacementofsmalland largescaleindustriestogetherwasafurther hindrancetotheirefficientfunctioning.

Subsequently,thesecondphasewasdeveloped afterafewyears,wheregridplanningwas implemented,andmedium-sizedindustrieswere proposed.However,thisphasestillonlyhasone redindustry,whichisachemical-basedfactory, andafeworangefactories.

Thethirdphaseofdevelopmentsawthe establishmentofafoodpark,whichwastotally segregatedfromtheotherareaswithdifferent industries,andgridplanningwasfollowed.

However,thecategorizationofindustriesbased onthepollutiontheycausewasnotgivendue attention,resultinginredindustriesbeingplaced alongsidegreenindustries.Therefore,thereisa pressingneedforpropersegregationoffactories fortheoptimalfunctioningoftheindustrialpark.

Inconclusion,despitetheareabeingdesignated forindustrialuseaspertheMasterplanSrinagar 2035,only40%ofithasbeendevelopedforthis purpose,andtheindustrialparkhasbeen establishedinfourphases,withonlythree currentlyoperational.Theunderutilizationof landandhaphazardplacementofindustriesin thefirstphase,alongwithalackof categorizationofindustriesbasedontheir pollutionlevelinthethirdphase,highlightsthe needforbetterplanning,coordination,and categorizationfortheoptimalfunctioningofthe industrialpark.

Figur

Figure 7: Phase 3 development of sidco industries

Figure 8: Phase 3 development of sidco industries

Figure 9: Land use map of the area as per master plan Srinagar Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

3.2.4Studyofafactoryplan

A study was carried outinordertounderstand thespacesandplanningrequiredinasmallscale industry.Themainspacesrequiredforafactory to work are manufacture area, warehouse, packaging and office. The size may vary from industrytoindustrydependingupontheproduct they aremanufacturing.Theminimumsetbacks thatneedtobeprovidedare10ftrearside15feet onthebackand25feetonthefrontsideasper the survey and study conducted in the SIDCO industrialestate.

Inferences: The SIDCO Industrial park demonstrates a comparison between unplanned andaplannedindustrialPark. Notsufficientparkingprovidedwithinthepark.

Grid Planning allows maximum utilization of space.

Facilities like Residential Quarters,Parks,Cafe andRestaurants

3.3 Case study 3 : Temasya industrial park ShahAlamMalaysia

3.3.1 Introduction:

Temasya Industrial Park is an industrial area located alongside the Glenmarie Golf and CountryClubandWisma.

DRB HICOM in Saujana, Shah Alam. Comprising less than a hundred units of factories,TemasyaIndustrialParkisareputable and perfect trading zone hosting many well-known corporations suchasAutoBavaria, United Logistics, Pirelli and Perodua Service Centre, including warehouses for Hyundai and Watsons.

3.3.2 GeneralInformation

• Location:ShahAlamSelangorMalaysia.

• Area:52ha.

• Ownership:Private.

• NumberofIndustries:96

3.3.3

Siteplanning:

The Temasya Industrial park is a well planned industrial park with 10% of green spaces.Grid planning has been followed for maximum utilization of the area.Agreenbufferzonehas been provided along the road to reduce the

impactofnoiseandpollutiononthesurrounding residentialarea.Theparkhasbeenprovidedwith enoughparkingspacesalongtheroadside with shadedpedestriansfortheworkers.Thereisalso a training institute on the site that provides training for different courses related to automobilessincethisparkhasmorethan7%of showrooms and workshops dedicated to automobilesonly.

3.3.4 Studyofofficespaces

A study of office cum workshop building was carried out in order to understand the office spaces required in an industrial park. The buildingiscurrentlyusedbyHorestcofurniture onrent.

Figure 10: Plan of a edible oil factory

Figure 11: Site plan of food park

Figure 12: Site plan of Temasya industrial park

The building has workshops, warehouse and showroom along with a small office on the ground floor and showroom along with office cabinsonitsfirstandsecondfloor

significant proportion of the industries in the park are automobile based,whichcanlimitthe potential for knowledge sharing and collaboration among different sectors. Thelack of diversity in industries also raises concerns about the potential impactofanydownturnsin theautomotiveindustryontheoveralleconomy ofthepark.Itis,therefore,importanttopromote diversity in the types of industries operating withintheparktoensurelong-termsustainability andresilience.

3.4CaseStudy4:ITIPampore

3.4.1Introduction

3.3.5Inferences:

TheTemasyaIndustrialParkisaprimeexample ofhowtheintegrationofindustrial,commercial, and institutional spaces can lead to maximum productivity inanindustrialpark.Theparkhas beendesignedtoprovideseamlessconnectivity, with well-planned roads that facilitate the smooth flow of traffic, while also providing adequate pedestrian walkways and roadside parking facilities. These features not only enhancetheaccessibilityandconvenienceforthe workers and visitors, butalsoensurethesafety andsecurityofeveryoneinthepark.

Inconclusion,whiletheTemasyaIndustrialPark has demonstrated the effectiveness of placing industrial, commercial, and institutional spaces together, there is still room for improvement. The integration of diverse industries and businessesintheparkcouldenhanceknowledge transfer, promote collaboration, and foster innovation, leading to greatereconomicgrowth andsustainabilityinthelongrun.

The Department of Technical Education in the State of Jammu and Kashmir has been at the forefrontofprovidingvocationaltrainingtothe unemployededucatedyouthforoverfiftyyears. Throughtheimplementationofvariouscourses, such as Craftsmen Training,draftsmancourses, and dress making, the department has been instrumental in fostering an industrial work cultureinthestate.Thedepartmenthastakena proactiveapproachtowardsequippingtheyouth withthenecessaryskillstopursuetradesthatare in demand in the market,bothintheindustrial andservicesectors.

The department's emphasis on vocational training has had a significant impact on the state's industrial development. The trained workforcehascontributedtowardsthegrowthof various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and services. Furthermore, the department's initiatives have also helped in promoting entrepreneurship among the youth, leadingtotheestablishmentofnewbusinessesin the state. The department's continued efforts towards the cultivation and nurturing of the industrial work culture in the state are commendable and serve as a model for other statestoemulate.

3.4.2Siteplanning

WhiletheTemasyaIndustrialParkboastsofits well-designedinfrastructure,itlacksdiversityin terms oftheindustriesoperatinginthepark.A

The department has beensuccessfulinkeeping up with the ever-changing demands of the industry and has provided traininginemerging trades that have shown potential for growth in the market. Through the provision of such vocationaltraining,thedepartmenthasbeenable toplayacrucialroleinmitigatingtheproblemof unemployment in the state. The department's efforts have been widely acknowledged, and it has received accolades for its contribution towardsthedevelopmentofskilledmanpowerin thestate.

Thesiteoftheinstituteissituatedonthesouth side, which is approached by a well-connected linkroad.Theinstitutecomprisesfourdifferent blocks, namely an administrative block, two workshop blocks, and a hostel block, which is exclusively for boys. All the blocks are efficiently connected with each other by a motorable road, making it easily accessiblefor thestudents.Theinstitutealsoboastsaspacious greenarea,whichcoversapproximately30%of the total area, making it an ideal place for the studentstostudyandrelaxamidstnature.

Figure 13: plan of office spaces

However, despite its many advantages, the institute is not ideally located as it is disconnected from the industrial area.Thelack of proximity between the technical school and theindustriesisasignificantissuethatneedsto be addressed. It is necessary to provide such institutes along with the industries to create a common platform for the students and professionals to interact and learn from each other, leading to a better learning environment forthestudents.

Theinstituteoffersvariousworkshops,including dressmaking, mechanic diesel trade, mechanic autoelectric,anddraftsmancourses.Besides,it also houses a well-stocked library and a conferenceroom,providingampleopportunities forthestudentstoenhancetheirknowledgeand skills. Overall, the institute offers an excellent learning environment with a perfect blend of academic and practical knowledge toequipthe students withtheskillstheyneedtosucceedin theindustry

3.4.3 Plansofworkshopbuildings

theories and concepts taught in the classroom. Therefore, it is important for the institute to consider ways to bridge this gap between the classroomandthereal-worldapplicationsofthe knowledge and skillsbeingtaught.Thiscanbe achieved through partnerships with industries, internships, and other experiential learning opportunities.

3.4.4 Inferences

The institute provides a warm and inviting atmosphereforthestudents,withwell-designed buildings and facilities. The institute has made an effort to ensure that the students have a comfortable and safe environment in which to learn and grow However, despitetheseefforts, there is a lack of diversity in the courses provided at the institute. This lack of diversity maylimittheopportunitiesavailabletostudents, and may not fullypreparethemforthediverse range of industries and professions in the job market. Furthermore,theinstituteissegregatedfromthe industrial areas, which limits the practical knowledge and exposure that the students receive. Practical experience is crucial in preparing students for the job market, and

Figure 14:site plan of ITI pampore

Figure 15:plans of workshop building

withoutexposuretoindustrialareas,thestudents maynotfullyunderstandtheapplicationsofthe

4.AreaProgramme

Table2.Industries

Table3.Residences

5.SiteAnalysis

5.1IntroductionToTheSite

The Wuyansite,locatedinPampore,coversan area of 44 acres and waspreviouslyownedby the Wuyan Cement Industries, which had been operationaluntilitwasrelocatedin1980.After beingabandonedfornearlyfourdecades,thesite wasallocatedforindustrialusebytheJK-SICOP

(Small Scale Industrial Development Corporation Limited) in 2019. The corporation hastakenoverthesiteandhasalreadystartedthe construction work, which is progressing at a steadypace.Thelandhasbeenleasedtovarious industrialistswhoaresettinguptheiroperations inthearea.Thelocationofthesite,whichis20 kilometersawayfromSrinagarcity,providesan ideal opportunity for industries to set up their operations inapeacefulandcalmenvironment, awayfromthehustleandbustleofthecity This alsoprovidesanopportunityforjobcreationand economic development in the region. The new industrial units being set up in the Wuyan site have the potential to not onlycontributetothe economicgrowthoftheregionbutalsoprovidea boost to the overall industrial sectorofJammu andKashmir.

5.2SiteJustification

The site in question is situated within an industrial area that is home to more than 20 cement industries and stone crushers. It is importanttonotethattheseindustrieshavebeen categorized as red industries by the state pollutioncontrolboard,indicatingthattheyhave ahighpotentialforenvironmentalpollutionand health hazards. Additionally,themasterplanof Srinagar, the capital city of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, suggests the phasing out of these industries after proper EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)checks.

However, it is essential to consider that the closing down of these industries mayleadtoa surgeinunemploymentinthearea,whichcould have negative social and economic consequences.Therefore,thereisapressingneed to create economic opportunities in the region whilekeepingtheenvironmentinmind.

Inthisregard,thepromotionofgreenindustries that are mostly agro-based can be an effective strategy.Suchindustrieswouldnotonlyprovide an economic opportunity for the youth in the area but would also benefit local farmers by creating a market for theirproducts.Moreover, since these industries are less likely to have a significant environmental impact, they can contributetosustainabledevelopmentandensure the long-termwell-beingofthecommunityand theenvironment.

In summary, the situation presents a complex challenge that requires a delicate balance between economic development and environmental protection. The promotion of green industries can be afeasibleandeffective solution that could addressboththeseconcerns while also providing sustainable economic opportunitiesforthecommunity.

Furthermore, the nearest railway station to the site is the Nowgam railway station, located approximately 9 kilometers away This railway station serves as amajortransportationhubfor the region and providesconnectivitytovarious citiesacrossIndia.

5.3GeographicalData

Thesiteislocatedatthesealevelof1607M.The soilisfertileandflat.

Regardinghealthcarefacilities,thesiteislocated at a distance of 500 meters from the nearest primary health care center. This proximity to healthcare services may be advantageous for employeesandresidentsinthearea.

5.4 SiteProximity

Thegeographicallocationofthesiteinquestion isacriticalfactorthataffectsitsaccessibilityand proximitytovariousamenitiesandservices.The siteissituatedatadistanceof100metersfrom thebusstation,whichmakesiteasilyaccessible topeoplecommutingviabus.

The nearest airport to the site is the Srinagar International Airport, which is located approximately 26 kilometers away.Thisairport serves as a gateway to various national and international destinations, and its proximity to thesitemaybeadvantageousforbusinessesthat requirefrequentairtravel.

The main market is located 2 kilometers away fromthesite,providingeasyaccesstoarangeof goods andservicesforemployeesandresidents in the area. Similarly,thepostofficeislocated 2.6 kilometers away, providing postal and courierservicestobusinessesandresidents.

Finally, the nearest restaurant to the site is situated 2 kilometers away, which may be a relevantfactorforbusinessesthatrequireaccess tofoodandcateringservices.

Insummary,thegeographicallocationofthesite provides several advantages in terms of accessibilityandproximitytovariousamenities and services. These factors can be crucial for businesseslookingtoestablishoperationsinthe area and for employees and residents who requireeasyaccesstovariousfacilities

5..5SWOCAnalysis

Strength:

Thesite'sproximitytoagriculturallandpresents a unique advantage for the establishment of agro-basedindustries.Withrawmaterialsreadily availableinthesurroundingareas,transportation costs can be greatly reduced, leading to significant savings for the industries. Furthermore, local materials can be utilized, leadingtoareductioninimportsandaboostto the local economy This not only benefits the industrialistsbutalsothelocalfarmerswhocan sell their produce directly to the industries, cutting outmiddlemenandensuringfairprices. Theestablishmentofagro-basedindustriesinthe area will lead to employment opportunities for the local population, further contributingtothe economicgrowthofthearea.Theavailabilityof raw materials and the opportunity for value additioncanalsoencouragefarmerstodiversify their crops, leading to increased agricultural productivity and income. Therefore, the site's location in close proximity to agricultural land presents a unique opportunity for the establishment of agro-based industries, which

can have a significant positive impact on the localeconomyandcommunity

Weakness

The presenceofmultiplecementindustriesand stonecrushersinthevicinityofthesiteimplies that the air quality of the area may not be optimal. This is because these industries have been classified as "red industries" by the State Pollution Control Board, meaning thattheyare highlypollutingandrequirestrictmonitoringto ensure that they comply with environmental regulations. The adverse effects of such industries on the environment and public health cannot be ignored. Theemissionofparticulatematterand other pollutants by these industries can cause respiratory problems and other health issues among people living in the surrounding areas. Therefore,thereisaneedforeffectivepollution control measures and strict enforcement of environmental regulations to mitigate the negative impact of these industries on the environmentandpublichealth.

The presenceoftheseindustriesalsohighlights the importance of conductinganenvironmental impact assessment before setting up any new industrial unit in the area. This will help in

identifying potential environmentalhazardsand developing mitigation strategies to minimize their impact on the environment and public health. Additionally, it is crucial to ensurethat industries are placedstrategicallyintheareato preventanynegativeeffectsonthesurrounding environmentandcommunities.

Opportunity

The availability of raw materials is one of the most criticalfactorsthatdeterminetheviability of any industry The site located in Wuyan, Pamporeenjoysadistinctadvantageintermsof the availability of raw materials. The site is surroundedbyvaststretchesofagriculturalland, and this makes raw materials easily accessible foragro-basedindustries.

Thepresenceofagriculturallandinthevicinity of the site is a significant advantage for agro-based industries as it saves them transportation costs, and local materials canbe utilized. The availability of raw materials at a lowcostisahugeboostfortheseindustriesasit helpsinkeepingtheoverallproductioncostlow. Additionally, the use of locally available raw materials promotes the local economy as it createsamarketforlocalproduce.

Theeasyavailabilityofrawmaterialsinthearea isasignificantfactorinthedevelopmentofthe localeconomy Thesite'slocation,surroundedby agricultural land, makes itanideallocationfor the establishment of agro-based industries.The utilization of the local produce will help in improvingtheincomeofthefarmers,leadingto an overall improvement in the local economy. Therefore, the site's location has a distinct advantage,anditpresentsagreatopportunityfor thedevelopmentofagro-basedindustries.

Challenge

The negative impact of red industries on the environmentcannotbeoverstated.Thereleaseof hazardous chemicalsandpollutantsintotheair, soil, and water can have aprofoundimpacton the ecosystem, including the health of humans and animals living in the surrounding areas. Furthermore, the contamination can lead to reduced agricultural production in the region, whichcanhaveasevereeconomicimpactonthe localfarmersandresidents.

The challenge lies in finding a way toaddress these concerns while still promoting industrial development and economic growth in thearea. Onesolutionistoclosedowntheredindustries and replace them with green industries that prioritize sustainability and environmental

responsibility By implementing more environmentally-friendly practices and technologies, such asrenewableenergysources and waste reduction measures, these industries can reduce their negative impact on the environment.

Moreover,thecreationofasustainableindustrial unitcanalsoactasamodelforotherareasfacing similarchallenges.Byshowcasingthebenefitsof green industries and promoting sustainable development, other communities can be encouraged to follow suit and embrace more responsibleandeco-friendlypractices.

5.Concept

EIPs, also known as sustainable, low-carbon, green,orcircularzones,areindustrialparksthat aimtogobeyondtraditionaleconomicgoalsof production and profit by prioritizing social, economic, and environmental performance of theirresidentfirms.Theconceptistocreatean industrial ecology that operates like a natural ecosystem, where one person’s waste becomes another’s raw material, minimizing waste, reducingpollution,andmaximizingresourceuse efficiency This approach requires collaboration among differentindustriestocreateacirculareconomy where waste from one industry becomes a resource for another For instance,apapermill might sell its waste products to a nearby chemical plant, which can use them as raw materials, reducing the amount of waste that endsupinlandfills.

communities and promoting sustainable development.

Overall,EIPsareemergingasapromisingmodel for sustainable industrial development that can createeconomicgrowth,whileatthesametime reducing environmental impact and promoting socialequity

In addition to environmentalbenefits,EIPscan also provide social and economic benefits to communities. They can create jobs, promote local economic development, and improve the quality of life in surrounding areas. Moreover, EIPs can help to address environmental justice concerns by reducing pollution in nearby

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE PARK

Seerat B ARCH (THESIS) SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE - KASHMIR, JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Theideabehindtheproposedprojectistocreate a unique and sustainable model that combines industries and parks to establish a welcoming environmentforbothworkersandstudents.This project aims to promote a sense ofcommunity andfosteraninnovativeculturethatcanbenefit allstakeholders.

Oneoftheprimaryobjectivesoftheprojectisto bring together professionals and students on a single platform to facilitate better learning and teaching experiences. By integrating industries and educational institutions,theprojectaimsto bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge andpracticalapplications.

Apart from industries and educational institutions, the project also incorporates commercialandrecreationalspacestopromotea

well-rounded development approach. The commercialspacescanincluderestaurants,cafes, and shops, while recreational spaces can comprise parks, playgrounds, and sports facilities.Thesespacescanprovidemuch-needed relieffromthemonotonyofworkorstudiesand helppromoteahealthywork-lifebalance. Moreover, the project also includes a training institutethatcanprovidevocationaltrainingand skill development to students andprofessionals alike.Thisinstitutecanhelpindividualsdevelop the necessaryskillsetrequiredforemployment intheindustrieshousedwithintheproject.This canbenefitboththeindustryandtheindividual by ensuring a skilled workforce and better job prospects,respectively

Overall,theideabehindtheprojectistocreatea sustainable, inclusive, and welcoming environmentthatcancatertotheneedsofboth the industry and the community By incorporating various elements like industries, educational institutions, commercial spaces, recreational spaces, and a traininginstitute,the project can contribute to the holistic developmentofindividualsandthecommunity.

6.2Block1:Officeandshowrooms,Block2:Trainingcentre

6.3Clusterplanning

9.Conclusion

In the question for sustainable development, eco-industrial parks (EIPs) have emerged as a promisingapproachthathasthepotentialtotransformthewayindustriesoperate.EIPsaredesigned to promote resource efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and foster economic growth by bringing together industries, government agencies, andotherstakeholderstocreateaclosed-loop systemwherewastefromonecompanybecomesaresourceforanother

OneofthemainadvantagesofEIPsisthattheycansignificantlyreducewasteandpollution,which inturnleadstocostsavingsandincreasedcompetitivenessforbusinesses.Byadoptingacircular economymodel,wherewasteisturnedintoaresource,EIPscancreateaself-sustainingsystemthat benefits all stakeholders involved. Furthermore, EIPscanalsoleadtosocialbenefitssuchasjob creationandcommunitydevelopment,astheyprovideanopportunityforbusinessestoengagewith thelocalcommunityandinvestintheirdevelopment.

The implementation of EIPs, however, requires careful planning and coordination among stakeholders.Governments,businesses,andcommunitiesmustworktogethertocreateasupportive policyandregulatoryframework,developinfrastructure,andestablishmechanismsforcollaboration and communication. This can be a challenging process as it involvesmultiplestakeholderswith varyinginterests,butthepotentialbenefitsofEIPsmakeitaworthwhileendeavor

Inconclusion,EIPsrepresentapromisingapproachtosustainabledevelopmentthatcanbenefitboth theenvironmentandtheeconomy.Bypromotingresourceefficiency,reducingwasteandpollution, and fostering economic growth, EIPs can create a self-sustaining system that benefits all stakeholdersinvolved.Whiletheirimplementationrequirescarefulplanningandcoordination,the potential benefits of EIPs make them a worthwhile endeavor for governments, businesses, and communitieslookingtoachievesustainabledevelopmentinthe21stcentury.Itisimperativethatall stakeholdersworktogethertocreateanenablingenvironmentthatsupportsthedevelopmentofEIPs, andthisrequiresacollaborativeefforttoensuresuccess.

10.References:

ErnstNeufert.Architects'Data.JohnWiley&Sons,,2019.

Josephdechiara.TimeSaverStandardsforbuildingtypes.otherMcGraw-Hill,1987.

CrossDisciplinaryteam.“InternationalGuideLinesforIndustrialParks.,2019.