Architectural Technology Fianl Portfolio Submission

Sarah E. Lionetti Year 2 - Final Portfolio Review Welsh School of Architecture

Architectural Technology 2 Final Portfolio Submission

BUILDING FAILURE EXPLORATION - EXERCISE 1 CARDIFF MILLENNIUM STADIUM Materials : Steel, Concrete, Glass

Possible Defects:

water might possibly get into the gap between the L steel plate and the wall.

Moreover, some moisture seem to be infiltrating from the inside in the fabric of the wall, causing staining and in the future possible structural damadge

Prevention

all sorts of sealant could be inserted into the gaps create a better building fabric to allow moisture to escape

Possible Defects:

fungus/algae that grow on the steel structure could lead in wearing off the protective paint on it, exposing the steel to rain and other weather conditions.

Prevention

fungus/algae proof pain coating could be apply instead better choice of finishings or more careful design of water course on exterior structures

Possible Defects:

continous exposure of the steel joints/concrete could lead to rusting/corrosion and weaken the structure.

Prevention

a layer of moisture repellent coating/cover could be apply

SHER MIN TAN, SARAH LIONETTI ERIC WONG, BIANCA MOLDOVEANU

MARLAND HOUSE, ST.MARY STREET, CARDIFF , Plaster and Stone finishes Materials : Bricks, Concrete Possible Defects: Rain water accumulated in between the gap of the brickwork and concrete, enabling fungus/algae growth and weakended the connecting

Prevention

better and longer lasting connections made between different materials, more design and care about the way the water would flow on the facade and in bond. between buildings

Possible Defects: The enclosed gutter causes the rainwater which has not been collected, to run off the facade of the building and infiltrating the construction layers beneath the gutter.

This infiltration has caused paint finished to chip off and causing damages to any appliance on the wall. Moreover, no real protection from weather is offered to people standing.

Prevention

better finishes, ensuring thet the fabric of building is waterproof, careful design on water drainage on facade

AT Exercise 2 - Material and Energy in Dwellings 3D Model of Housing Masterplan

Initial conditions: Occupancy: 1 person - Sedentary Internal Gains: 2 Air Change Rate: 1ach/hour Wind Sensitivity: 0.5 Thermal Properties: Heating Only (Range 21-24

Unit chosen Student housing (2 bedrooms 1 shared space)

C)

The tectonic analysis of the site ahs revealed a high exposure to winds and therefore natural ventilation could be used in a building as an advantage over mechanical ventilation, requiring more energy. Moreover, the unit chosen is almost completely south facing which is expected to increase the energy gain due to solar radiation.

Initial Materials and Wall Construction: Walls: concrete 1-4 Dry, (10mm), Concrete cinder (110mm), Plaster finish (10mm) Windows: Single Glazed, Alluminium frame

Analysis 1: Initial Conditions As the Loss and Gain graph illustrates, most of the losses in the unit are due to convection (Fabric loss) and ventilation, which was expected to be exploited positively but in this situation it is obviously hindering the interior climate. Moreover even if South facing, the solar gain of the room is quite low and does not compensate the the energy losses. an analysis of the Space loads will most likely reveal that the heating system will be strongly required to maintain the intrrior temperature of the room.

As predicted the heating system will be needed thoughout the whole year to maintain the desired temperatures, causing the unit to need about 75 kWh per meter squared annually for heating. the necessity of suppling energy even during the summer is unacceptable as a major part of the losses could be avoided by improving the building faric as well as optimizing the solar gains.

Conclusion 1: -high losses in fabric and due to ventilation -solar gain not optimized -heating required all thorugh the year -high energy requirment to run household -high environmental impact

Analysis 2: New Wall Construction The initial suggested wall construction has a U-Value of 1.8, which is obviously too high to be acceptable by building regulations. There fore, a more advanced and efficiend building fabric has been applied to the model including an internal cavity and a layer of insulation, in the hope to minimize the fabric loss. New wall Construction: Concrete lightgeight (110mm), Air Gap (50mm), Polyisocynacrate Board (50mm), concrete cinder (10mm) - New U-value 0.36

-

The space loads graph shows, as expected that the new energy requirement for the unit is much lower to the prior scenario as the insulation and air gap introduced act as insulator from the exterior (energy demand annually 53 kWh/m^2) The overall energy consumption has decreased from over 8.000 kWh to just under 5.000.

Conclusion 2: -loss in fabric reduced from 75% to 57% -energy consumption dropped -very low U-value for walls achieved -lowered environmental impact and running costs

Analysis 3: Double Glazing As already suggested in the beginning of the analysis the solar gain of the house is not optimized as an addition of windows or resizing could lead to major internal gains, reducing the need for heating the unit. however, the more glazing is introduced the lower the overall U-value of the walls will consequently drop. Therefore introducing double glazing, a higher soalr gain can be archieved while still protecting the interior from higher energy losses.

Once again by making the overall U-value of the glazing higher, the requirment for mechanical heating has lowered. However the graph shows that some heating would still be required in the summer, which was a factor that I wanted to eliminate as the design should be able to compensate the interior temperature in the summer months as the temperatures in cardiff are quite mild.

Conclusion 3:

-even further reduction of energy requirments -good solar gain but could be further improved by enlargment of addition of wndows -losses by ventilation reduced -overall environmental impact of unit reduced

Architectural Implications to overall Masterplan As the experimentation through the Ecotect model has revealed, the optimization of solar gain will be crucial to the perfomance of building, in regards to energy usage. This issue will obviously have to be counter balanced with the affactes it could have on the lighting of the interior spaces. Moreover, an effective insulation and possibly a cavity wall construction should be introduced in the design to make the fabric of the building perform more effectively and move toward a less energy demanding housing.



Architectural Technology 2- Exercise 4

Plan 1:100 First Floor

WC/Bathroom accessible at entrance level

1000mm

1100mm

Entrance door 1000mm wide 1000mm

800mm

Obstruction does not prevent whhelchair access nor shortens passageway width

Level Access at level Provided , at least 900mm wide

Sarah Lionetti - C1002866 - Year 2 WSA

- Vertical Circulation within entrance storey : flight clear width at least 900mm, suitable handrail on each side, Rise and Goings are in accordance with Part K

- Width of Corridor suffiecieng according to door widths : Head on approach , Door 750mm or wider, as corridor is at least 900mm wide

- Accessto entrance storey of dwelling and WC : unbostructed corridor to WC or short obstruction (2m) (widths between 900 and 750mm)

- External door : provides clear width of at least 775mm

Requirment M1 - Level Approach to Dwelling

SHARED CORRIDOR

Door 1000mm wide and corridor >900mm wide

1100mm wide flight of stairs Continuous handrail on both sides

SINGLE DWELLING UNIT

1500X1500mm clear space in toilet to manouver wheelchair 1000mm between wall and WC

Landing as wide as straicase

Ground Floor

Plan 1:50 - Single unit, 1 Bedroom

Part M and Staircase Design



Classroom Office WCs Terrace

2

sips infill panels (plywood, insulation, plywood) timber lintel double glazing damp-proof membrane timber battens timber shading horizonal elements Window metal flashing

4

1

A’

A

Sarah E. Lionetti - C1002866 - Year 2 WSA

The above sketch represents the type of structure used in the ERC starting with strip concrete founations on which metal beams are rested. The lower part of the timberframes which makes up the flooring is left open to ventilation to preserve the timber, while the internal space is insulated though the use on infill panels. The glazed westerly facade also increases the solar gain of the interior space, while the timber battens act as shading devide from incoming direct sunlight. moreover the juxtaposition of the metal cladding and timber cladding on the outside is a simple and effective response to the site and activities to be taken place outside the classroom.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Detail Sections - Key

1 2 3 4

Plan

7

6

4

5

1 5

6

Detail Sections AA’

3

3

The structure of the ERC is based on a timber frames which divide the overall plan in different bays. The sips infill panels are made up of insulation sandwiched between two sheets of plywood, which offeres insulation while at the same time reinforcing the frames from possible lateral loads. The frames have been erected on steel I-beams and strip foundations. As the flooring is also made up of sips panels, the foundations do not need to be water tight but left as a breathable fabric to protect the timber frames from possible water infiltrations.The overall structure and infill panels has then been covered with a layers of damp-proofing membrane and some grphics and cladding elements as finishings. The roof simply consists of a steelpitched frame covered by corrugated metal sheeting.

2

4

1

nviromental Research Classroom - Dru-W

Architectural Technology 2 - Exercise 5: Timber Detailing

A

A’ B’

B

Plaster finish

SECTION BB’

OSB

Mineral Wool acoustic insulation

Internal Wall Construction

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

SCALE 1:10

SECTION AA’

AUDIENCE Empty 2/3rd full Full TOTAL ROOM ABSORPTION - A Room empty Room 2/3rds full Room full REVERBERATION TIMES Room empty Room 2/3rds full Room full

FLOOR polished wood strips on battens CEILING Plaster: smooth on tile/brick WINDOWS none SIDE AND FRONT WALLS Insulated infill wall REAR WALL glass SEATS Five

Room volume: Surface/contents

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

people

0.02

25

0.1 (each)

4

0 2 4

0.03

25

0 2 4

0.5

29

0.03

0.1

25

0.65 0.03 0.15 (each)

14.5 0.75 0.4

18.65 22.65 34.65

0 2 4

0.03

0

0 4 16

0.04

0.1 0.5

2.5

23.7 27.7 39.7

0 4 16

0.6

0.75

18.85

0

1

2.5

0 2 4

0.2 (each)

0.02

0.8

0.02

0.04

0.07

27.25 31.25 43.25

0 4 16

0.8

0.5

23.2

0

1

1.75

a (coefficient) Sabins a (coefficient) Sabins a (coefficient) Sabins

2000 Hz m2

500 Hz

125 Hz

Area

25 m3

Acoustic glass (resin infill)

The main space in the designed dwelling is 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.14 0.13 the open plan kitchen living and dining 0.12 0.10 0.09 area. There is no specific need for acoustics or reverberation times, however it needs to be suitable for speech without creating echos or standing waves. The reverberation times should then be kept low to avoid acoustic interference

Space chosen: Living room

PLAN 1:100

Room Acoustic - Reverberation Time

Double glazed unit

External Wall Construction

As most of the scheme facade is going to be glazed, the ebst approach to improve the acoustic of the dwelling is that to use acoustic glass instead of regular laminated glass. This special type of glass is layered with a resin that improves the acustic performance of the glass of blocking incoming sound from the outside busy streets. On the other hand the dwelling shares a wall with a shared corridor and therefore needs some acoustic insulation, which is introduced between two sheets of OSB and the two surface finishes. The acoustic insulation makes up most of the wall thickness as the walls are only infill panels to the main structural steel frame .

PLAN 1:100

Sound Transmission - Construction Detailing

Desiging to reduce Noise

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Sarah E. Lionetti - C1002866

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Architectural Technology 2 - Exercise 6

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

LOAD TRANSFER DIAGRAM - TRUSSES Cable Sections

Beam Sections

ELEMENTS SIZING

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

POSITIONING OF CABLES

EXPRESSED STRUCTURE CONTINUED - MILLENNIUM STADIU

STRUCTURES WORKSHEET 3 - ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2 - WSA

LOAD TRANSFER DIAGRAM - OVERALL STRUCTURE

The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm) is the national stadium of Wales, located in the capital, Cardiff. It is the home of the Wales national rugby union team and also frequently stages games of the Wales national football team.

The main structure of the stadium, (roof and inner seating) is suspended off four main trusses, which by means of tension in cables are able to sustain the load. The structure is expressed on the outside of the stadium and it is part of the overall architectural language of the building as they also form the only articulation on the exterior.

EXPRESSED STRUCTURE - MILLENNIUM STADIUM

STRUCTURES WORKSHEET 3 - ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2 - WSA

LOAD TRANSFER DIAGRAM - SECTION

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

Floor Slab Section

Pillar Section

ELEMENTS SIZING

Cross Beam Section

ELEMENTS SIZING

ALTERNATING SECTIONS

LOAD TRANSFER DIAGRAM

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

The shop is part of a bigger shopping centre but its facade has been retained. However, a glazing panellign structure has been attached to the exterior of the facade to create a veranda (cafe) place in between the existing facade and the new glazed structor. The glass curtain wall is hunf from columns which transfer the load to the foundations of the building.

PLAN VIEW

CONNECTION - MARK AND SPENCER’S SHOP

STRUCTURES WORKSHEET 3 - ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2 - WSA

The Car Park serves as mediation between the Cardiff city centre and the central train station. Because of its function, there is no requirment to infull the facades and create real enclosed spaces. Therefore all that is visible is actually a load bearing masonry structure. The need for a large unencombered space requires on the other hand large sections for the suppporting elements, both vertical and horizontal.

LOAD TRANSFER DIAGRAM

TRANSFER STRUCTURE - STATION CAR PARK

STRUCTURES WORKSHEET 3 - ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2 - WSA

Structures for Architecture Boat Building Centre -Tenby Site

Architectural Technology 2 Sarah E. Lionetti C1002866

Tectonic Inspiration

The proposal for the boat building centre is sited on a very important connection between the city of Tenby and its access to the beach. The importance of such routes as well as the natural landscape have influenced the design to both a concceptual and tectonic level. Because of the intent of preserving existing routes, the program has been divided along the site, also aloowing for specialization of spaces and structures to a functional end. The wish to interact with the sloping landscape with creating a village-like feeling on the cliff was responded to by developing a scheme based on load bearing concrete. Such decision was not only because of the compelling qualities of the spaces realized but also because of functional reasons as some of the major spaces of the scheme would be excavated from the cliff and be located underground.

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

Axonometric - Proposal in Context

As it can be seen from the diagram, the simple load-bearing wall construction supports the gravity load withot many complications. The most interesting part of the construction is however, what happens underneath the ground. In fact, part of the workshops are installed partially underground and therefore necessitate closer attention to detailingand a grater understanding of the site itself.

A cast-in place wall system has been chosen as it allows for more specialization of the parts and the introduction of retaining walls to be integrated in the construction system. Moreover, it allows for the local materials available on the site to be part of the construction and lover the environmental impact of the project. Morever, due to the very slopednature of the site and the conceptual standpoint of the project, part of the ground is to be filled and part exacavated, limiting the need to transport waste material while allowing for more architectural scope.

SARAH LIONETTI - YEAR 2 - C1002866

Axonometric - Load Paths

Breaking down the Box Wind loads and forces As the previous diagrams have shows, the proposal is based on a series of concrete structures, all grometrically different but following the same structural principles. The walls act in compression to support the roof structure. The load,beaaring walls and the floor and ceiling slabs are the components identified in this type of construction and will be later sized according to spans and average loads.Moreover, the very rigid frame created by the concrete enclosure allows the structure respond wellto wind loads, very much present around the site, fromm all directions as the diagrams on the side illustrate.

Axonometric - Underground level The underground spaces and the substracture of the proposal are dedicated to the workshop areas, places with the most load and the higher spans, as there needs to be sufficient space to work around the boats. Therefore the space extends undergrounds beyond the boundaries of the geometry of the superstructure. The three exploded axonometric diagrams illustrate how the thickness of the loadbearing wall and the positioning of the underlying geometries.

Axonometric - above ground

Transfer Structure

Axonometric - underground wall structure

Axonometric - excavation and retaining wall

Axonometric - Underground level The underground spaces and the substracture of the proposal are dedicated to the workshop areas, places with the most load and the higher spans, as there needs to be sufficient space to work around the boats. Therefore the space extends undergrounds beyond the boundaries of the geometry of the superstructure. The three exploded axonometric diagrams illustrate how the thickness of the loadbearing wall and the positioning of the underlying geometries.

Axonometric - above ground

Transfer Structure

Axonometric - underground wall structure

Axonometric - excavation and retaining wall

Site and Differentiation Light Weight and Heavy Weight Structure

Site Investigation

Sand Made Ground: sand and gravel Sand and coarse gravel Dense sand and limestone gravel

Sectional Tectonic model

Section modelled

Light

Heavy

The structure and sizing of elements is divided into two parts as the proposal is also developed around costumizing the buildings to their scale and function (human scale and boat scale).

Construction Sequence

1. Excavation

4.Walls

2. Foundation

3. Floor plates

5. Roof

Sizing - Lightweight structures Roof Span (L): 6000mm Ratio (L/d): 24 Reinforced flat slab 250mm

Foundation

Walls

Floor Slab

Retaining wall 200mm

Span (H): 6000mm

Span (L): 6000mm

Raft foundation 600mm to 1200mm deep

Ratio (H/d): 24

Ratio (L/d): 30

Cast-in place walls 250mm

One-way solid slab 200mm

Sizing - Heavyweight Structures

Roof

Cantilever slab

Span (L): 15000 mm

Span (L): 4000mm

Ratio (L/d): 30

Ratio (L/d): 10

Reinforced one-way ribbed slab 500mm

Single slab unsupported 400mm

Foundation

Walls

Floor Slab

Retaining wall 400mm

Span (H): 12000mm

Span (L): 10000mm

Raft foundation 800mm to 1600mm

Ratio (H/d): 24

Ratio (L/d): 30

Cast-in place walls 500mm

Reinfrced two-way slab 300mm

The design has started with a deep cantilever over the workshp space (about 2/3) and therefore the first investigation will be to assess whether this set up is viable for the lighting conditions.

July 1st, 12PM

October 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 12PM

Workshop

Viewing Gallery

Short Section 1:200

The heart of the Boat Building Centre is the Tenby Lugger Workshop. The Workshop has an integrated viewing gallery balcony, cantilevered above the working space, located on the north side. The main windows are on both the north facade, which are, however, shaded by other parts of the program and the existing cliff. On the southern facade the windows are open to the seaside and without any shading. THerefore the main risks as far as lighting of the working space goes, is to understand whether the amount of indirect northern light can be balanced with the direct sourthern light to create a good working environment as well as to alow people 5 meters above the workshop to see the boats clearly.

As the three photorealistic initial renders can show, the reflected southern light is directed in the workshop space creating an interesting atmosphere. However, the lighting is very uneven with areas of darkness which might not be compliant to create a working environment. This is mainly die to the little northern light that comes in above the viewing gallery. However, these are qualitative observations and the actual situation should be assessed against a quantitative investigation of the lighting levels. The type of activity of workshop combined with a gallery opportunity the daylight factor should be around 5 to 6 to allow these activities. Moreover, the amount of balance of lux levels across the whole area of the workshop should be considered as the space should be as much as possible evenly lit.

Workshop Plan 1:200

Photorealism and Lighting Analysis

Sarah E. Lionetti - c1002866 - Architectural Technology 2

March 1st, 16PM

March 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 9AM

In this last example the situation becomes clear that there is not much chance for the space to be evenly distribute and that most likely the gallery should be recessed (see short section). Moreover more northern light should be introduced to balance the light that is still going to be coming in from the southern facade.

Lux Range: 0 - 3083

Overall Daylight Factor: 4.21 October 1st, 12PM

June 1st, 12PM

Again the main problem with the lighting is not the overall daylight factor but the uneveness of the lighting with the midday sun creating very bright spaces and by coontrast darkening the rest of the room.

Lux Range: 0 - 3019

Overall Daylight Factor: 6.21

As the pseudo render map and the illuminance range can show there is a large portion of the workspace area (750mm above ground) has lux levels below 100 lux and would be unsutable to work but at the same time the daylightfactor of the room seems to be in teh prescribed range as there are two main sections where the light is almost direct, with very high lux level.

Lux Range: 0 - 2304

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.93

The physical model reveals more chances of the southern light to be reflected in the space and created a more even lit atmosphere which would be more suitable for the workshop. also because of the use of card, the light seem to create a more varied range of colors on the walls and adding subtler tones that could also enhance the visiting sequence.

Physical Model

Lux Range: 51 - 894

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.93

Lux Range: 107 - 922

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.95

Lux Range: 77 - 924

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.91

Lux Range: 102 - 956

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.96

1st, 12PM

July 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 16PM

March 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 9AM

Sarah E. Lionetti - c1002866 - Architectural Technology 2 October

In this second setting it can be noted that the daylight factor is slightly higher and still in the preferred range for the activities to be carried out in the space.

Moreover the Illuminance range has also shrunk, signifing a more balanced lighting all around the room. However as it can be noted when loking at all the pseudo renders together there are two spots by the south facing windows where the lighting levels are always above those of the rest of the rooms. These lux levels are, however, not high enough to signify a deterioration of working capabilities in the space as it is going to still read as an evenly lit space. The internal arrangement of workshop and gallery could also be further informed by the position of there higher lux values as they seem to be very consistant throughout the day and the year.The situation has therefore, clearly improved from the initial stage of design and a clear judgement can be made once looking at the photorealistic renderes corresponding to the quated illuminace and daylight factor values. The lighting archieved is in fact a better balance between northa nd south light, creating an optimal working environment, whilst also allowing for some room with higher lux values to strategically position work to be exhibited rather than worked on.

Lux Range: 139 - 735

Overall Daylight Factor: 5.90

The main design change to have taken place has been to reduce the size of the cantilevered galley and elevate it above the outside walking level to allow more windows on the northern side of the building to illuminate the workshop.

Moreover the southern windows have been raised to prevent some fo the direct light hitting the floor surface and creating an uneven lighting.

Moreover it offers possibilities of developing atmospheres such as the one on the left here in the gallery. However, once again both qualitative and quantitative lighting effects at the working height level should be analysed.

July 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 16PM

March 1st, 12PM

March 1st, 9AM

October 1st, 12PM

The following renders illustrate the qualities of the space created after the alterations to the gallery and addition of more north windows. It is evidents that there are going to be times where direct sunlight will be reaching the workshop, however, the overall lighting conditions will still be good enough to sustain the activities going on inside.

Moreover the subtle shadows of the roof beams and sharp beams of light from the southern windows ass to the space in terms of atmophere and revealing the subtleties of the textured concrete.

Sarah E. Lionetti - c1002866 - Architectural Technology 2

Detailing 1:20 Heavy weight Structures - Higher loads, deeper elements, thermal concrete, no other insulation Light Weight Structures - Lower loads, thinner elements, necessitating insulation Axonometric view - Overall built spaces

wall construction: 200mm cast in-situ concrete 10mm thermal insulation 12.5mm plasterboard vapour retarder 12.5mm plasterboard

roof construction: porous concrete layer of crushed stone 10mm drainage layer 30mm insulation waterproofmembrane levelling layer leightweight concrete to falls reinforced concrete roof

Windows and Insulated Structure

Sarah E. Lionetti - c1002866 - Architectural Technology 2

Flat Roof and Roof Terrace

4

5

2

2 3 4

Infill Cassettes - acting as secondary structure as well as insulation

Loose Insulation preventing possible damages to inner building fabric and possible creation of cold bridges to the outside

1

Sarah E. Lionetti - C1002866 - Year 2 WSA

150

6

5

7

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4

11

Internal plaster finish Soft, loose insulation Airtight membrane OSB infill panels, two OSB sheets with spayed newspaper insulation infill, 270mm Triple glazed window Insulation within window frame Window flashing Dense insulation, 150 mm Metal battens Weathering timber finishing Plaster finish

Detail Section Key

450mm

270

8

10

9

Compact Board Insulation allowing cladding to be nailed on it

Detail Section AA’

Whilst being constructed witha simple timber framing and infill system, the Ty Unnos, as low carbon house, maximises the amout on insulation in the walls as well as in the window frame and glazing. The primary structure, as shown in the sketch below, is then linked with perpendicular beams, creating a 3D frame. The structure is further stabilized the infill cassetes, made up of newspaper insulation sandwiched between two OSB panels, acting as tertiary structure. The frames are designed to create a series of modular spaces, the can be varied according to the project. The house is laid on raft foundations as soil of the post-industrial site did not offer any solid base for other types of foundations.

3

B’

B

3

A’

1 Kitchen 2 Living and Dining room 3 Toilet 4 Storage 5 Bedroom

Plan

In this detail of the facade of the Ty Unnos, both types of exterior cladding are visible as well as their different treatment of waterproofing. The timber cladding is propped and nailed to steel battens and exposed to the weather elements both to preserve the wood as well as allowing ventilation to weather the timber. On the otherhand the metal flashing on the top of the plaster finishing to prevent the rain to ruin the finishing as it needs to be protected from water.

etail Section BB’

First Floor

5

Ground Floor

1

A

Ty Unnos - Dru-W

Architectural Technology 2 - Exercise 5: Timber Detailing

New Extension Flooring

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Skylights

Entrance to extension

B’

B

A’

Existing masonry wall Steel column Extension roof steel structure Internal insulation External insulation Damp-Proof membrane Internal (plaster) finish Glazing Metal flashing

2

3 7

4

1

Outside terrace/lightwell

New corridor

5

6

9

Detail Section AA’

8

To the General Offices building, an 18th century masonry building, an extension has been designed and cnstructed, using a metal framing system to achieve some distinctive statement from the already existing building. On plan it can be seen that columns have been added to support the structure of the new building. At the same time the roof structure is connected to the General Office building to create a mezzanine floor and a series of skylight to lighten the interior corridor now formed (bottom plan).

Detail Section - Key

Sarah E. Lionetti - C1002866 - Year 2 WSA

Existing window

Mezzanine

Detail Section BB’

The above plan represents the design of the new staircase introduced between the Offices and the extension and has been constructed with a similar steel structure to the rest of the archives. However as part of the staircase is stepped away from the existing wall and relies on the steel columns structure, some of it is actually attached directly to the existing wall while at the same time introducing new superfluous steel columns in the space. A more consistent treatment of loads and material might have avoided inconsistencies and unnecessary joints.

Archives (new extension)

General Offices

Load bearing elements

Plans

General Offices and Archives

Architectural Technology 2 - Exercise 5: Timber Detailing

Wide corridor (>1200mm) on level with dwelling entraces

Perspective View

SIde View

Requirment K1 - Rise and Going any rise between 155 and 220mm used with going from 245 to 260mmor any rise between 165 and 200mm used with going between 223and 300mm Maximum Rise 220mm, Minimum going 220mm Overall gradient 42 or lower Landing should be minimum equal to the width of the flight doors swinging across staircase landing should leave 400mm of clear width Headroom minimum 2m

Overall Length: 3000mm Overall Width: 1100mm Overall Rise: 2500 Riser Height: 192mm Riser Number: 13 Going: 256mm Handrail: Both sides Headroom: >2m

Straicase Design

Elevator for disabled acces, with sufficient landing space

Staircase (1000mm wide)

Plan 1:200 - Units Floor Plan

3DS Max Staircase Design

Staircase (1000mm wide)

Architectural Technology 2- Exercise 4