portfolio2019 by sengulhas

Sengul Has

portfolio

SengĂźl Has

e-mail : sengulhas@gmail.com Tel: 05302915558

Education MEF University Faculty of Art, Design And Architecture Architecture (%100 scholarship) High honor student

2014-2018

(graduated as top scoring student in department with 3.69 GPA)

2012-2014

Dogus University Faculty of Art and Design Architecture (%100 scholarship) not completed

2007-2012 Kabatas Erkek High School

Experience September 2018 : SSB ROBOIK Unmanned Autonomous Marine Systems Industrial Design Competition (design team) July-August 2018 : Public Buildings Design Competition - (design team) October-December 2017 : Design of Floating Units as Post-Eartquake Temporary Housing for Istanbul -collaboration with

Bogazici University Civil Engenering

November 2017 : MEF FADA Workshop Week (organization team) September 2017 : Mediterranean Triangle IABA (design team) August 2017 : Tekeli-Sisa Architects (intern) July 2017 : Barn Arch (intern) August 2016 : Tekfen HepIstanbul construction (intern) June-July 2016 : XXI Architecture and Design Magazine (intern) June-September 2015 : Bridge to Dreams - Design-Built Studio by MEF FADA September-October 2013 : IKSV 13th Istanbul Biennale (Asistant)

Skills&Sertification Language

Computer

2018 : SSB ROBOIK - First Price

Turkish

Rhinoceros

English

SketchUp

Italian

Autocad

2017 : MEF FADA - Third Year Student Award

French

Adobe Photoshop

2015 : MIMED 2nd Award : Bridge to Dreams -

2018 : MEF FADA - Graduation Degree based on GPA: First Grade

Adobe Illustrator MS Ofiice

2009 : Destination Imagination

First Year Category

International Competition-Instant

Challenge

Referances Prof. Dr. Arda Inceoglu ,

MEF University FADA Dean

inceoglua@mef.edu.tr +905325496305

Ass. Prof. Burcu Serdar KĂśknar,

Mef University FADA Head of Arch. Dep.) :

koknarb@mef.edu.tr +905333589010

Arch. Dogan Tekeli ,

Tekeli-Sisa Architects Founder Architect :

dogantekeli@gmail.com +905326885568

2nd team

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The project is designed for Public Buildings Design Contest (Kamu Binaları

Nevsehir Town Hall

Cappadocia is one of the most unique places of the country with its natural geographical formations and built environment. Ürgüp, which is chosen as the project area, is a settlement that is part of this originality established in the east of the region. The area is located at the southern end of Urgup, at the border of the district. The district center is full of examples of local architecture in our visual memory. When the built environment in the

Tasarımı Fikir Yarısması 2018) with Elif Erdogdu and Arda Yaycı.

region is examined, it is seen that rock forms formed over many years serve many people's activities such as defense, living and education. Traditional architecture has been continued in order to carve tuff rocks which are easy to process, to settle there, and to build modular spaces, which can be transformed into natural cavities by transforming the coarse stones extracted from the cavities into the natural cavities, respecting it in size.

The natural stone walls of the spaces provide good protection against the harsh terrestrial climate. This relationship between the natural environment and built environment has led to the emergence of strong architectural forms in the visual memory called fairy chimneys. In this context, the project can be summarized as the fact that fairy chimneys which have a very strong effect can be stylized by adhering to the functional and environmental requirements and forming a meaningful whole with each other.

In the first stage of production, the best way to express the original architecture of the region (the largest and the top of the natural rock formation is used for carving and defense of a place to be transformed into the rock-carved-masonry stone system living spaces) the volume of the effect of the project that brings together all the chimneys a base made of engraved internal cavities.

The base is single-storey by Ahmet Asım Yolaç Bulvarı on the west side, depending on the topographic structure in the area, while it is on the east side of the street. The base meets the people coming to the Urgup Municipality Service Building with a large municipal square (0.00 m) from the boulevard. The social center located at the elevation of -4.00 and spreading to the project area in this elevation is connected to both the north and south plots by large amphitheater steps. The interior spaces that are mentioned in the north-south and east-west axis connect the elevations and spaces physically and visually in various ways.

These connections, which will increase the human circulation, are also important for the social center to live and for the spaces to have light facades. Again, the inner courtyards, which are carved out of the whole basin, emerge as breathing spaces in the municipality building located at the elevation of 0.00, +4.00, +8.00 at the social center placed at the elevation of -4.00. In the north and south plots, the basin, which exists in the form of two parts, bridges the spaces by bridging the eastern end of the 207th Street. At the level of 0.00, the municipality has offices which should be easily reached by the public.

As the upper elevations were reached, the directorates, parliament and presidency units were set up into the chimneys. The project also reflects and respects the traditional architecture in terms of height, faรงade layout and material used. The gabari is designed in a way that is not compatible with the surrounding buildings. On the other hand, the occupancy rates in the front side are similar to those of the pigeons which are frequently encountered in the original architecture. As a material, chimneys refer to tuff cut stones which are the original material of the region.

The organization in the structure shell ensures the protection of the inner atmosphere and regulates the relationship of heat and light with the external environment. In addition, each chimney on the top of

the skylight with the light of the gallery through the floor light is taken from the floors. Circulated and heated air is thrown out of these holes.

Tactile

Natural stone designs in our daily life are discussed only in terms of the benefits they provide visual sense. However, touching the natural stone is a very special feeling. Tactile recommends the use of stone in door handles where we touch most of our daily lives. Establishes visual integrity with the stone used in the threshold. Natural stone gives many advantages to this use with its nature: - In the direction of the veins (veincut), in the opposite direction (cross-cut) or in different directions in each direction provides different visuals. - With its antibacterial feature, it ensures that the door handle, which is one of the most polluted areas, does not contain microbe. - They can be varied according to their use in different densities or internal and external areas. (For example, travertine stone (3-4 Mohs) which is light compared to other stones is suitable for use on interior doors. Or marble is appropiate for use on exterior doors with its heavy and durable property.)

- Natural stones, mostly used in walls and floors are used as 1 or 2 cm plates. This can be easily produced with the increased parts of the plates, contributing to recycling through the use of residues.

Designed for 7th Natural Stone Design Competition.

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e has begun to Greenhouse agricultur nd 1980's a ng. r te af a si in Urla incre develop s i cts w er produ e, ic po n-up lettuc conom w e o r e g h t s, ost mb e r rla, t he m In U nd cucu A mo n g ans. ouse a ture oes, e t b a m , h to pper green oricul ment. are , pe l f lop lant ance o ouse f eve eggp t h r n po c d the ee m i r i g m ed o y th e in , c on al l ott le eci n e ture emum e, p otab i esp h l g n z win oricu ysant frie re a gro l r is g f , ch era, ants n i e b t l s Cut nhou , ger or p e o z, n gre atio outd nu su n! n r r , a i o s c y k er ki çe ow çe fl u

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8th term project (Graduation Project).

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Whole

The project is designed as the

from the syllabus: Mediator discusses the state of intricacy between rural and urban through research and production in architectural design process. The project intends to reach a consensus between the country and the city through a critical approach, developed to discuss the contexts of and debates on rural and urban. Being not only neighbor to a metropolis, but also taking a significant stand in production, commerce and tourism, Urla bears both rural and urban characteristics and becomes a promising venue to discuss the coexistence of these dynamics. As the town became a point of attraction in counter urbanization in the recent past, it hosts individuals and institutions focusing on basic issues, such as production, soil, nature, food and agriculture; whereas it sustains its rural existence by the traditional knowledge of the town’s local inhabitants. The project aims to develop architectural proposals in Urla, that would bring together, collide, strike these vast scope of ideas and guide them in discovering alternative outputs and environments.

In Urla, only 12% of the land in terms of agricultural production is efficient. The only cultured agriculture that is in place is making the soil more inefficient in time and desertifying it. The theme of the project is the transformation of the pellet into efficient production.

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Holisticity and merged structure in the nature has been mimicked as the merged architectural program . 0: Home 1: Area outdoors needing regular observation 2: Less intensive managed areas

(5)

4: Wild food gathering

(club house for youth)

5: Natural area

(1) (0)

(healthy product store)

(cafe/restaurant)

(2)

(kindergarten)

(library)

(production)

(3) (5)

(rental stores)

(corekitchen -eating)

(5)

URBAN

Zone layout refers to a settlement based on how much the programs are used. Zone layout in the permaculture is determined by how many times you have to go to harvest a pellet or to get a product, and how many times you need to go to a burn. I used this arrangement as a metaphor for placing architectural programs.

(4) - healing center (5) - compost

RURAL

(4)

Urban

Rural

3: Occassionally visited areas

In the diagram, instead of seeing a one-way relationship, it enhances the bond, the terms of the relations of coexistence of different functions and I called the way to do it from the collaborative aspect.

design process timeline

In the project, architectural functions mimic nature and form 2 separate cycles. Training cycle and production cycle. Each function in the training cycle is nested with one of the functions in the production cycle. Thus, continuity of the cycles is ensured. Kindergarten is intertwined with production and grazing areas. Young people are involved in making food, for later, there is a library, research center and multi-purpose hall in the city center. Those who want to participate in this study can stay in the countryside.

How to fight desertification?

Allan Savory proposes that plants and animals should live together in a way that mimics nature in a way that is fertile. The soil will be more efficient for agriculture, with the animals traveling around, keeping the carbon better and holding the carbon.

Allan Savory and Holistic Approach Desertification is a fancy word for land that is turn-

ing to desert, and this happens only when we create too much bare ground. About two thirds of the world is desertifying.

If you leave the soil uncovered; Desertification is only occurring in arid and semi- arid areas of the world, and that tall grasslands in

water carbon

high rainfall are of no consequence. But if you do not look at grasslands but look down into

them, you find that most of the soil in that grassland that you've just seen is bare and

covered with a crust of algae, leading to increased runoff and evaporation. That is the cancer of desertification that we do not recognize till its terminal form.

We know that desertification is caused by livestock, mostly cattle, sheep and goats, overgrazing the plants, leaving the soil bare and giving off methane. ... Then my university education as an ecologist reinforced my beliefs. When I came to the United States, I got a shock, to find national parks like this one desertifying as badly as anything in Africa. And there'd been no livestock on this land for over 70 years.

... And I found there were planning techniques that I could take and adapt to our biological need, and

holistic management and planned grazing, a planning process, and that does address all of nature's complexity and our social, environmental, economic complexity.

from those I developed what we call

This is land close to land that we manage in Zimbabwe. It has come through four months of very good rains it got

almost of all it, has evaporated from the soil surface. Their river is dry despite the rain just having ended, and we have 150,000 that year, and it's going into the long dry season. But all of that rain,

people on almost permanent food aid. Now let's go to our land nearby on the same day, with the same rainfall: Our river is flowing and healthy and clean. It's fine. The production of grass, shrubs, trees, wildlife, everything is

we did that by increasing the cattle and goats 400 percent, planning the grazing to mimic nature and integrate them with all the elephants, buffalo, giraffe and other animals that we have. now more productive, and we have virtually no fear of dry years. And

Thus, it is possible to transform the soil, make it more efficient.

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kindergarten club house for youth & production

room for visitor

The project consists of a main carrier shell. The shell is shaped by twisting. The floors stick to this shell. Then, additional units are attached to both the shell and the floor.

With this system, the structure touches the soil at least at a minimum, it damages at least the size. The additional units can adapt to the new requirement by changing their needs. This is how sustainability of the system is achieved.

The Barn

The boundaries of the grazing areas are determined according to the slope. Thus, the landslide will be prevented by keeping the soil with the roots of the trees in the surroundings. Trees around these areas will continue to be very policultural production on the one hand, and trees will be used when there will be scarcity for the animals.

Temporary walls proposed according to the direction of the wind provide flexibility according to the wind conditions. The trees will also reduce the undesirable effects of the wind to a minimum.

Club house for youth & Production

storage management office

The positioning of warehouses and kitchen areas in the north is also an advantage from the north. Kindergarten

summer winter

When the programs are positioned, it is aimed to maximize the benefit from the sun orientation. The most time will be spent, the kindergarten is located in the south, and the faรงade on this side is wider. On the other hand, the patio in front prevented overheating.

Urban

It was important to touch the soil at the minimum in both urban and rural areas. Therefore, in both areas, the shell structure (wooden truss) is twisted and the floors are connected to the

shell. Relatively variable functions can also be hung on the shell or upholstery with carbon fiber ropes. Thus, damage to the soil is minimized.

multipurpose hall

research

cafe

library

store store

In the urban site, there are library and multi-purpose hall which is more open to people's access, and research center that allows the organization of events. Restaurants and shops are located on the ground floor. The library is hanged on the 1st floor of the cafe, the quiet study area to the research center. The roof has an open-air cinema that can be seen sitting on the structure.

En Route

7th term design project

ground floor plan

5th floor plan

Construction Stages

1st floor plan

2nd floor plan

6th floor plan

7th floor plan

3rd floor plan

What happens if Istanbul the most populous metropolis in Turkey is struck by a big magnitude earthquake?

Habitat

The shores of the Marmara Sea, where the breakage of the fault line will be in the Sea of Marmara and where this breakage will be felt the most, are the places with the highest popu‘’Design of Floating units as Post-Eartquake Temporary Housing for lation density in Istanbul. ‘’Habitat’’ is a floating habitat design Istanbul’’ as elective course for the population that can not survive in their homes after a possible earthquake or tsunami. The Golden Horn will be located in the inner part of the overland, so that the earthquake / tsunami will be least affected. Our design suggestion is therefore placed in the Golden Horn.

The Golden Horn is advantageous in many respects to settle after an emergency. The areas where the population is concentrated in Istanbul are located around the Golden Horn. Rapid accessibility from various disasters after disaster is the most important advantage. In addition, post-disaster settlement of the population in old settlements is important for the community's psychology. It is also advantageous in terms of the psychology of the society as well as easy access from the settlements of the Golden Horn.

Modular System & its process

In the post-disaster situation, the most important thing to consider in design is that users can build their own homes, not to expect professional help. Habitat consists of modules that can be set up quickly without professional help. In the folded form, the 1.42 m high module consists of long

sides 5 and short sides 3 panels. Panels are hinged to fixed surface. When the panels are opened, they are fixed on stationary surfaces. When the module is installed, it is 3m x 6m x 3.5m(h). In a module, six people's life is predicted.

The units are connected to each other by a walkway. This is called sector. The sector provides the link between the modules and the connection of the modules to the land. Its length is the approximately 150 meters which is supposed to be ideal for the user to walk. 2 units in a sector are left blank for the social areas. Areas have been created to reduce the concentration in the living environment and for the common use of users. In addition to that, since the population living around the Golden Horn region is mostly people engaged in craft work, it has been proposed to continue the craft production in common areas. The modules are brought to the Golden Horn via the ships from the Tuzla region where they are stored. Floating concrete pantons are placed on the water with cranes in a combined manner. The user quickly sets up the house.

Design & Build Practice for IABA (International Architectural Biennial Antalya) Design Team: Aras Kalkan, Ayberk Özdemir, Dilşad Turna, Eren Hatice Gedik, Gamze Adıgüzel, Merve Akdogan, Osman Faruk Akkum, Rümeysa Aksoy, Serpil Kardas, Sengül Has Project Manager: Sevince Bayrak,

Oral Göktas

Consultant: Asmaz Ahsap

Mediterranean Triangle

The Mediterranean Triangle is a structure made up of all wooden stones designed to test the spatial power of the lake in one of the spots where Antalya is watching the Mediterranean.

Design Alternative-1

Design Alternative-2

The wooden triangles that cause changing lights and shadows by cooperating with the two trees that are placed between them day by day intend to multiply the

relationships that a settlement with the people, the sun, the sky and the landscape can establish.

Structures 180 pieces 60 mm X 80 mm sections GL24h strength grade imported duo structural lamine wooden profiles are made up of special spax screws for wood and the resultant equilateral triangles are formed by being rotated around the same axis with 4 degree angle. It stands with its own weight on the ground. Once the structure has completed the lifetime of the miradord, it will be disassembled under the MEF FADA Design and Build Studio and used for other projects.

I could not participate in the construction phase, but since the construction phases are designed from beginning, the construction phases should be seen here:

New Media Center

Designed as 6th Term Project which discusses ‘’Learning Places’’

Invisible Streets of Kadıköy

The learning system is usually a hierarchical structure. This is reflected in the learning places. In this project, I visioned of a non-hierarchical education. With the digitalization that takes place at the expense of the 21st century, the information can be accessed from any place where the person is located, Information is now available from anywhere. So it loses its value.

The Internet is such a thing today. A broadcast is being made, the interaction of the followers with the comments related to the broadcast, and often the broad-

casts of the comments are attracted more attention.

What is valuable in this new age is to associate information and

interpret it in personal forms.

The learning place of the new age is

the place where individual opinions, individual comments can be watched. also

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User approaches the field

He/She sees a comment circulating in the system, draws his/her attention, and follows the post along with other comments.

Leaves his own interpretation of the publication he/she follows

Leaves the space

After that, all comments can be viewed from the archive.

A world that is increasingly democratizing is anticipated, and vice versa: The person watches and follows only his own thoughts. It creates an echo-cycle to itself, and it can not come out of this cycle. That's exactly why this process requires a space. The interpretation panels are wandering in a grid system that is convenient for transitions at ground level. The start of comment panels is the audio/text/video field on the top floor, or the video broadcast area on the bottom. The panels wander all over the place, sometimes on the sidewalk, sometimes on the side of the building next to it, merging with other screens. In the grid system, small spaces are defined in places, and a big main hall where modules are joined together to become a gathering and activity area.

The Cycle

5th term design project. Main focus of the term is arhitectural

technology.

Project, placed on the Tarlabaşı street, which creates a tension between two side it separate, Kasımpaşa and Pera, and also connects two side. Main idea of the project is a cycle that people from two side can be involved. Against the prejudgment of unrelated and disconnected two side, project connects them on food and ecology concepts. Those two concepts were chosen, because food and ecology were the two things everyone become spontaneously a part of it, even people are opposite. So, the projects aims to create food cycle and make people a part of this cycle. In order to fulfill the different plant species’ light-shadow needs, the project was formed by voronoi cells. Also this unusual form offer users unusual experience. Borders of voronoi cells get thicken on the knots to improve the stabilization and also creates more organic view which would be coherent with the program in it.

Cells were specified for one phase of cycle and it can be followed through the section. First cell are for seed and growing phase. Seed library take place in first cell. There are huge shelfs to collect and cultivate seed. Following cells are for preparation of food and then, presentation and consumption of food. Waste and leftover foods decomposes in the existing car park and reaches the first cell where new cycle begin.

Platforms placed in the cells with holding 3 knots, and avoid touching other corners. This system straightened the platform and also has an opportunity to have a visual connection with the up or down volumes of the platform.

Voronoi structure is covered by cable-truss system and 2 layer of etfe. With the help of cable-truss, huge surface can split into small and standardized pieces. Small etfe pieces could be openable, so it is helpful to control climate inside. Eventually, project has potential to grow with cells according to program needs.

Detail of platform

ETFE detail

Bone structure & connections

ETFE detail

Bone structure & connections with platform

Design for

4.Zeki Yurtbay Design Competition

Chaos-Order It has been the basis for creating the order for it to accommodate chaos and continuity in these varieties with its diversification for design. For the form, the hexagonal which is stronger in terms of spreading in different directions as well as in terms of recalling the order in nature, has been chosen. The geometric reliefs of the design combine in a selected focus to form the asymmetry in the center of the lines coming out of the corners and 1/4 of the edges. For type 2 and type 3, the triangles formed on the 1st line are divided into smaller pieces. The order is maintained with the continuation of the lines that con-

tinue from the 1/4 points of the hexagon. It becomes part of chaos with the continuity of variations and the structure that is becoming increasingly fragmented. The 1/4 points were also applied to the hexagon to the 3/4 points so that they could continue along the application surface.

Dwelling in Berlin Public circulation

4th term design project

Public areas

temporary units permanent units

Public areas

Street faĂ§ade level public garden

to take people in autonomously

private units

Site is in Berlin, between Alte-SchĂśnhauser Strabe and RĂźckerstrabe. It is positioned as the courtyard system of the city. Main idea is based on the fact that temporary population (immigrants, refugees, temporary students, etc.) is important for the city as the citizens. Project brings 2 type of population together with the public circulation and common areas and shops, stores,etc.

Circulation system is closed and transparent. Transparency helps the continuity of the street and it is also useful for heating problem of the city. Being closed makes the system advantageous for weather conditions.

Circulation goes around the courtyard to maximize taking the sunlight.

Permanent and temporary units get a grip to circulation system. Permanent units are set and determinated. Temporary units is just metal structure at first. Temporary user can decide the area that he/she lives and then customize it. While leaving the unit, it gets empty and ready for the next user. This is a sustainable and flexible proposal for whole city, as a plot of this site.

3rd term design project

Cultural Center for Zeyrek

In the project, it settles in accordance with the existing structures of the Zeyrek and forms the mass with indentations where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s necessary.

Proposal for the cultural center of Zeyrek is

the merge of the

functions

of the cultural

center. With the

scheme,

open plan

the functions are mixed in the whole structure. Thus, a

holistic space

is created.

This uniformity is also provided in the section plane with the gaps in the gallery.

library + exhibition

exhibition + workshop

The panels forming the facade are sometimes permeable sometimes closed. This faรงade system ensures that the light is taken in the climatic sense in the most

workshop + library

ideal way and creates variable atmospheres with the changing angles of the sun.

Bridge to Dreams

Design & Build project. (In-school internship)

The garden of AyazaÄ&#x;a Primary School was divided by a water canal. Overall of the garden was unreachable and inactive. The project aimed to reach the unattainable part and design the site. User-participated design and collective work are the two things that we focused on.

Design process started after requirements are defined with the aid of meeting with students, teachers and parents. Design contains site arrangements and the bridge which provide reaching the unattainable part.

south view

The location of bridge was determined by a collaborative design process by all students. The design of bridge was decided after discussions of individual models. It was clarified with the engineering consultant. The budget calculated according to design.

north view

Construction started at the garden of the school. Since the design of the trusses was complex all details were different than each other and all of them were designed separately. After preparing and cutting the timber lamination was done with metal splices and pin bolts. Concrete foundation was constructed with the help of the municipality. Trusses were placed by crane. The walking platform was completed and the bridge opened to use.

written for elective ‘’Urban Social Thought’’ course

First Municipality of Istanbul, First Neoliberal Attitudes as Modernization

The Pera region has been central to the Europeans since the mid-19th century, with Italian, Maltese, Catholic and Orthodox Greek, Armenian and Jewish groups. It is difficult to talk about the existence of Muslims among them. At the same time, the rate of Muslims in Galata is also on the wane. Thus, embassies, churches, synagogues and Levantines, Greek, Armenian and Jewish minorities have brought all the qualities of the European lifestyle of this period to this region, creating the bourgeoisie in the first western sense of the city. Despite the fact that the non-Muslim population lived in the area between Galata-Tunel-Taksim, there was a large area of the Muslim population starting from the Tophane, Azapkapi border and concentrating towards Kasimpasa. (Akın, 1998) While Amicis describes Pera in 1874:

'' There are no more than a woman's hat decorated with male hats like a stovepipe, feathers and flowers, Greek, Italian and French gentlemen, rich merchants, seafarers, officers of foreign ships, embassy cars and mixed faced people.’’

The classical way of Ottoman city administration based on Islamic religion and its understanding of politics did not recognize judicial persons while the community was based. For this reason, the municipal services were ultimately left to religious, ethnic and vocational communities, not to the administrative organizations defined by series of certain rules. It’s also possible to see it through the urban planning scheme. Stefan Yerasimos defines 2 type of urban planning scheme which is formed by daily life of society. The main difference originated from different religions and dif-

ferent cultures. He contrasts the difference between islamic urban plan and roman urban plan type. Until Tanzimat era and modernism, Istanbul was the city which planned Islamic laws. The privacy (mahremiyet) is at the center of Islamic urban plan. In the dead end streets (3rd level) and the street which is connect the dead-end streets can be used just by habitants and socialization also occurs with the neighbors in the streets. Although Roman urban plan type centralize the publicity. The streets connects each other, all streets are public, so it’s possible to reach a place from different roads. The idea of roman type city and its streets stand close to the definition of modern way of living. And the modernization process started as a transformation of islamic living to modern, roman living. The smallest administrative unit in the Ottoman city before the Tanzimat was the neighborhood. The inhabitants of the neighborhood met at the main gathering place, the mosque, and the public in the local courts. In the classical Ottoman system, unlike modern municipal organizations, basic municipal services were carried out by the residents themselves. In 1855, as the increasing number of the Levantine population demanded regular urban service, the "şehremaneti", the one-to-one translation of the french model (Prefecture de la ville) was created. The main responsibilities of this office were the fulfillment of basic needs, the release and collection of taxes, road construction and repair, the cleaning of the city, the supervision of loncas and bazaars. This form of government has failed. The reason for failure was the fact that an assembly of city dwellers and guild members did not have the capability and resources to find solutions to the problems of a busy international port city. (Çelik, 1993)

Later, ‘’Intizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu" was established with more comprehensive and well-established goals. In the constitutional declaration of this commission, there are also articles about the social regulations and the regulation of the public spaces as in the city order; To beautify, clean, expand roads, illuminate streets and improve construction methods… (Çelik, 1993) After the commission has continued its work for about 2 years, the city divided 14 local regions with the regulation published in Takvim-i Vekayı which is the official newspaper of the era, for the

need to assign local governments to beautify Istanbul. Christoph K. Neumann mentions about the foundation of the first modern municipality of İstanbul in ‘’The sixth arrondissement of Istanbul as a conflict field of marginal modernity’’:

‘’This is the first modern municipality of the Ottoman Empire. The ‘sixth municipality district’ is named because the city would be divided into fourteen districts in the whole Istanbul (starting from Suriçi) in the future and Galata and Beyoglu will take the sixth number after Eminönü, Bayezid, Fatih, Eyyub and Hasköy. This number pointed to something else: the sixth district in Paris was the most developed, pilot municipal house.’’

The region was also critical in terms of the diversity of people it has with its cosmopolitan structure. Ahmet Vefik Paşa articulated the necessity of a new organization for the different type of peoples bringing together (Meclis-i Mebusan, 1877): Istanbul will be allocated to municipal offices. He wants gas in Beyoglu, he can not even find a goose in Kasımpaşa. I want wrestlers to handle all of these together. The Sixth District (6. Daire-i Belediye) was to be governor appointed by the Grand Vizier, and a parliament of seven members appointed by the government. This parliamentary election was required to have at least 100,000 kuruş worth of real estate within the boundaries of the sixth district of the candidate and to have resided in Istanbul for at least 10 years. In addition to the main members of the Assembly, 4 foreign advisors will be appointed. These consultants had to be knowledgeable in municipal matters, had a property worth 200,000 kuruş, and had to have lived in Istanbul for 10 years. This result clearly showed that the foreigners who were seen to be shaken in the city as a result of their investments in the city actively participated in the administration of the capital. The concrete reason for this is that the projects designed in the Sixth District (6. Daire-i Belediye) exceeded the financial possibilities of the government and the possibility of borrowing from foreigners could not be overlooked. (Çelik, 1993)

This method for establishing a new modern organization, before approx. one and a half century ago, the unfairness of the city that the capitalist system created in David Harvey's articles. In the city, the most influence, change and control in the production and supervision

of space is the capital itself. The election of the 6. District (6. Daire-i Belediye) from the people who can invest in the assembly members will affect the influence mechanism of the capital within the activities of the first modern administration of Istanbul. As a matter of fact, the work of this modern institution continued to be a modern city. For the first time in Istanbul, Ottoman capital, cadastral plans were prepared. The main arteries were enlarged, gas lighting and sewer systems were applied as far as possible. (Akın, 1998) Another application that 6. District (6. Daire-i Belediye) has undertaken is the destruction of the ramparts of Galata, an attempt to influence the architectural appearance of the district as the city changed its texture. The old Şahsuvar Street connected the lower part of Galata, the commercial district, to the north, the residential area. However, this street will have a different meaning with the fall of the ramparts. The new Şahsuvar Sokak is expanding and flattening to the north by the old road, cutting the streets of Büyük and Küçük Hendek and connecting to the Karanfil street and turning into a street alternative to the Old Ceneviz road . ... All of the work undertaken by the municipality provided for the construction of brighter, more spacious and clean streets, as well as the construction of new buildings on both sides of these streets. Thus, Galata gained a new appearance and the surrounding areas (Tophane, Karaköy, Şişhane and Pera) had better access. For this reason, land in Galata became valuable and became a valuable construction site. (Öncel,2000)

This is also a characteristic of capitalist governance. This is the concept which would be discussed and got used to live in after one and a half century later: Creative Destruction. The upper income groups had benefited the most from the new municipal reform and the work of 6th District (6. Daire-i Belediye). Street lighting and cleaning, creating services to the residents of Pera's main street like garbage collection. Taksim in stream beds and in Kasimpasa, a poor Greeks in Pangaltı, Armenian and Turkish population could not benefit from these services.(Çelik,1993)

The priorities clearly showed that the goal was to be offered to wealthy communities rather than to democratically distribute and serve the city services. As a result, although the municipal organization is based on the basic objectives and necessities, the accumulation of the capital eventually boosts itself.

Of the 14 municipal areas that were designed, only two (except for Galata) could be established. One of them was the 14th district (Prince Islands) and the other was the Tarabya District. As a matter of fact, these two regions could be regarded as extensions of the Sixth District, as they are the summer houses of Europeans ( Italian, Maltese, Catholic and Orthodox Greek, Armenian and Jewish groups) which are the same with Galata, Pera living in the city. (Çelik, 1993)

spaces and we are exposed to creative construction concept on the premise of the local government's commitments.

Neither the 6th district nor the other 2 municipalities have succeeded in democratization and the unification of different groups, which is the basis of modernization, even in the name of modernization. The work of 6th district was done only on regions where the wealthy population lived, which also increased the value of the regions.

Celik, Z. (1993). 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Başkenti Değişen İstanbul.

In fact, the municipality's reflexes in the neoliberal direction, the repetition of this reflex in the aftermath and the fact that it is not different today, shows the inseparable connection of the municipality and neoliberal studies. Harvey emphasizes that in the uneven development of social processes, the capital determines the mobility of the production and reproduction processes. In the process of surplus-value production, while capital creates and develops new spaces, it leads to the underdevelopment of another space. In the case of The Sixth District (6.Daire-i Belediye), the capital is Levantines. Although the establishment of the modern municipality was established by democracy and the willingness to answer both in Beyoğlu and in Kasımpaşa, it could not be realized. Public-centered work has been done for the hospitals, parks and cemeteries as well as various road works such as the example of Şahsuvar Street, but these studies are also in the Beyoğlu District. It is precisely the beginning of neoliberal behavior, in which the authority will enforce private capital for services to the ‘’public’’, to the city in order to avoid the money that it can channel to these needs. The modernization process that started with the Tanzimat period realized the first applications on the city through capitalist regulations. Today we live in cities, of said neoliberal transformation for Turkey for the period after 1980 is the beginning. The cities we live in today are a dystopia that starts on this basis. Today, we can strongly feel the inequalities in

Bibliography Akın, Emel. (2007) Kentsel Gelişme ve Kentsel Rantlar: Ankara Örneği Akın, N. (1998). 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Galata ve Pera. İstanbul: Literatür. Amicis, E. D. (1986). Istanbul. Çeviren: Beynun Akyavaş. Ankara: Aslmlar matbaası

Duhani, S. N., & Parman, A. (1984). Eski insanlar, eski evler: 19. yüzyılda Beyoglunun sosyal topografisi. İstanbul: Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu. Dumont, Paul, François Georgeon, and Ali Berktay. (1992) Modernleşme sürecinde Osmanlı kentleri. Beşiktaş, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. Harvey, D., & Çıg, Ü. (2012). Yaratıcı Yıkım Olarak: Neoliberalizm (E. Ç Çığ, Trans.). Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 67-88. Ortaylı, İ. (2012, September). Türkiye'de Belediye. Zaman Tünelinde Beyoğlu, Kent Müzesine Doğru... 6.Daire-i Belediye’den Beyoğlu Beyoğlu Belediyesi’ne 155 Yıl. Öncel, D. (2000, May). Parsel morfolojisi ve apartman tipolojileri üzerine bir çalışma: Galata örneği. Tasarım Kuram, (2), 77-86. Yerasimos, S. (1996). Tanzimat'ın Kent Reformları Üzerine . In F. Georgeon (Author) & P. Dumont (Ed.), Modernleşme Sürecinde Osmanlı Kentleri (pp. 1-30). Istanbul: Tarih vakfı yurt yayınları . David Harvey (1935- ): Sermaye Birikimi Olarak Kent ÇAĞDAŞ KENT SOSYOLOJİSİ KURAMLARI. (2014, December 20). Retrieved May 14, 2018, from http://sosyolojisi.com/david-harvey-1935-sermaye-birikimi-olarak-kent-cagdas-kent-sosyolojisi-kuramlar i/1558.html

Egg Vessel

Examine for understanding of ‘’parametric’’ How it works? What is useful to work?

Hocalarımın Evi, Yeni Mezun Bir Mimar Olarak Egitimimin Sorgulaması Mimarlığın etkilerini idrak etmeye başladığım gözlerle, eğitimimi derinleştiren insanların yaşam alanları, yaşam biçimleri… Bir mekanın üzerimizde yarattığı güç, mimari. Konuşan, bir şeyler anlatan, yönlendiren, yöneten, şekil veren… Mutluluğu yaşatıp ana yakınlaştıran veya gerginliği ile insanı uzaklaştıran. Her şey mimarlık! Detayına, kalitesine, insana yaptığı etkisine, Dünya’ya dokunuşuna, ölçeği küçülttüğünde veya bütüne baktığında… Her şey ama her şey mimarlık! Çok hassas o yüzden. Eğitimi kendinden de hassas. Çok şanslıyım ki, bana mimarlığı öğretenler, her an yeni bir şey keşfettiren, olağanüstü insanlardı. Daha da şanslıyım ki, bu insanlardan ikisi neredeyse her dönem sonunda bizi evlerine davet ederler, hem onlardan bir şeyler öğrenme ihtimalimiz bir gün daha artar, hem de evlerinde onların dünyasına biraz daha girmiş, o dünyayı biraz daha tanımış olurduk. Her ev kendi başına bir dünyadır, sahiplerini yansıtır. Bu ev, bana mimarlık eğitimimi anlatıyor: Farkı hissedilsin kaygısında olmayan, yüksek sese, kocaman büyük cümlelere hiç gerek duymayan, kentin merkezinde bir mevki. Günlük hayatın içinde sıradan bir yaklaşma, dingin bir giriş… Geçmişine bağlı. Evin dönüşüm hikayesiyle de, girişte hala duran, antika matbaa aletiyle de barışık. Onların öğrettikleri ilk kurallar gibi: Bağlam önemli; hem şehirle, hem tarihle. İçerisi ilk andan şaşırtıcı. Organizasyonu kendi içinde, bildiklerimizden başka türlü. Tıpkı bu insanlar gibi. Farklı, ama dışarıya kapalı hiç değil. Gireni önce evin mahrem alanlarından geçiriyor, sonra ortak kullanım alanlarına alıyor. Varılan yer daha da özel bir alan belki de ondan. Varılan alan, bize bir sığınak. Bu insanlarla kurduğumuz bağ, bize sığınak… İçeride bilemediğim sayıda köşeler. Farklı birliktelikler kurulsun, paylaşımlar hep değişsin, yuvarlansın da gelişsin diye. Bir veya birkaç kişi izlensin, dinlensin diye değil. Hiyerarşik bi ortam olmanın tam karşısında. Ev sahipleri bir oradaki ortaklıkta, 5 dakika sonra şuradaki… Onlar sadece dinamik paylaşımları önemsemiş, kendileri parçası olmasa da oradaki ortaklıkların dinamizmiyle mutlu. Mimarlığın da, eğitiminin de özgürlüğü öğrettiği yer! Bize özgürlüğü benimseten tavır! Perdeler de rafine bir zevkle, hafifliğiyle penceredeler. İncecik tellere asılı, hareketi kolaylaştıran bir sistemle. Gerektiğinde kapalı dursunlar, dışarıya açılmak isteyince kolayca, kendiliğinden açılsın diye. 4 yılda, onlara her yaklaştığımda karşılaşmaya alıştığım tavır gibi. İki insan, birbirinden çok da farklı aslında. Birbirlerine saygılı. Eve de öyle yansıyor kişilikleri. Zıtlıklar rahatsız edici değil. Farklılıkları, geçişleri, akışları mekanda sevinç yaratmak için. Okulda da aynı zihin: Bütün hikayeler, bütün farklılıklar saygılı, sevinçli yerinde. Hatıralar evin her yerinde. Bizden bir şey, arkadaşlarından bir hediye veya çocuklarının ilk olduğunu tahmin ettiğim çizimleri. Tanıdıkları insanlar da bu insanların hep kalbinde, ondan. Bu mekanda değerli hissetmek… Öğretirken de o değeri her detayda hissettirdikleri gibi. Duvarda yaptıkları mimari bir proje. Özel bir tekstile baskı. ‘’İş’’lerine, ‘’üretim’’lerine hassasiyetleri öyle heyecanlandırıyor ki… 4 yıl boyunca, onlarla konuşurkenki heyecanımla sessizleşip, yalnızca izlemek istemem gibi. Burda da çokça heyecanla sessizleşip, gözlemek istiyorum. Hiç detay kaçırmayayım diye…

Sengul Has

Others

bayilirimboyleseylere.wordpress.com

Fanzin for ‘’Mediator’’

T-shirt for MEF University

Taboo Architecture

as workshop instructor in FADA workshop week with H.KĂźbra Karakaya

Produced along the workshop by students: