CONTENTS
YEAR3/SEMESTER1
01 design conflict
design section / urban & mobility tutor / tsuto sakamoto
02 design philosophy
a008455a / wong shi min serene
03 research & analysis 04 one day sketches
URBAN BEE FARM
05 proposed intervention
DESIGN CONFLICT
In production processes, there is the issue of intentional dishonesty for the good of favorable consumption (opacity) Producers tend to hide parts of the production process that deters consumers from consuming Consumers tend to have their own inferences about food production when faced with such incomplete knowledge of the production process
SOURCE
CULTIVATION
01
HARVEST
PACKAGING
DISTRIBUTION
CONSUMPTION
INTENDED PROGRAM
Price Index For Honey In Singapore
Honey exports have recently experienced an increase possibly due to the lone existence of a honey bee farm in Lim Chu Kang. Red represents the local demand for honey, which can be seen to be steadily rising in recent years. As there are not many local options for honey consumptions, the bulk of honey demand stems from overseas imports. There is a strong market demand for honey in SIngapore.
Honey Bee Farm Zoning Breakdown
Programs honey bee hives tropical fruit orchard (nectar source) workshop rooms viewing galleries factory for bee-derived products marketplace
(sq m) : 120 : 700 : 240 : 100 : 200 : 400
02 PHILOSOPHY
Consumer interactions at all stages of production
Consumer interaction at final stage of production Production
Consumption
Production
Consumption
I am focusing on the idea of moving away from a passive production - consumption relationship, to a more dynamic one. Using the idea of fragmentation, I want to spread out the production process across a larger area in the form of cluster units. The 3 mains processes of production occur at 3 places: the bee hives, the honey house and the packaging area. This is to create pockets of in-between spaces for consumers to mingle for more integration. This allows for the multi-layering of different circulation paths and activities.v
Production Consumption Source Possible Interactions In The Relationship
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS HONEY BEE ANATOMY
Hairy and reddish brown thorax Large, dark eyes Wings Antennas
Striped abdomen
Six legs
Stinger
Apis cerana (eastern honey bee)
A DEMOSTRATION OF EUSOCIALITY
COLONY ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
QUEEN
The queen is the largest, longest bee - a reproductive female who lays eggs for the colony. She can live up to 4 years
DRONE
The drones are male bees and they mate with virgin queens. They are bigger than worker bees and do not carry out any foraging activities. He dies after mating.
Pollen basket on back leg
WORKER
The worker is the smallest bee in the hive = a sterile female who carries out all the tasks for the colony. ie. feeding larve abd foraging. She can live for about 3-4 weeks.
Caste system divides labor between reproductive individuals (queen) and sterile individuals (workers) Responsibilites for rearing young shared by large number of the sterile individuals on behalf of the reproductives 1 Queen : 50,000 Workers : 200 Drones : 9,000 larva, 20,000 pupa : 6,000 eggs
03 HONEY BEE LIFE CYCLE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
21
22
23
24
Days
Worker
Drone
Queen
Eggs
Larva
Pupa
Adult
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS HIVE COMPONENTS
A B C D E F G
Outer Cover Inner Cover Medium Extracting Super Shallow Extracting Super Queen Excluder Full Depth Hive Body Bottom Board Honey produced in these supers are collected for human consumption
184 51
A B C
425
552
13 410
501
166
502
371
D
144
502
371
E
19 502
Honey produced in this super is for the bees’ own consumption
371
F
240
502
371 60
G 558
A small super yields 7L of honey A medium super yields 15L of honey 30 hives yield (7 x 30) + (15 x 30) = 660L 4 times a year
371
391
03 FRUIT TREE ORCHARD
2.5 m radius from the next fruit tree
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS HONEY BEE DERIVED PRODUCTS
03 HARVESTING HONEY AT THE BEE HIVES Preparation process for honey harvesting Bee Hives 30 x (0.55 x 0.43) = 7 m2
remove outer cover
The hive tool is used to slice through the Propolis encrusted edges of the bee hive. The bees seal the hive to keep out sunlight and moisture.
remove inner cover
check frames in shallow super
remove shallow super
check frames in medium super
remove medium super
repeat for other hives insert bee escape panel above Hive Body
replace all removed components
calm bees with bee smoker
leave for 24 hours
Smoke is used to calm bees when the supers are being harvested. This ensures that the bees do not swarm or attack the beekeeper.
The principle behind this is to allow bees to exit the supers but not return to them.
repeat for other hives
after 24 hours
remove outer cover
remove inner cover
remove shallow super
remove medium super
replace inner cover and outer cover carry medium super to honey house
carry shallow super to honey house
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS Hive Equipment
C
03 Beekeeper Equipment
A Modern day bee hives. The optimal internal hive temperature is 33-35.5 degrees celcius while the optimal ambient temperatures ranges from 12-36 degrees celcius. B Protective beekeeping suit for beekeepers C Mechanized vhoney extractor
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS KEY PERSONNEL
6 bee keepers 1 beekeeper to tend 5 hives
BEEKEEPER QUARTERS 400
Rest area 2.0 x 1.0 m = 2 m2 Toilet 2.5 x 2.5 m = 6.25 m2 Locker area 1.5 x 0.7 m = 1.05 m2 1800
1500
700
Bees are active nocturnally as well, thus at all times, a skeleton crew of 3 bee keepers must remiain on the farm to tend the bees. Simple lodgings will be furnished to accomodate the beekeepers.
03 AT THE HONEY HOUSE HONEY HARVESTING PROCESS Beekeepers work in pairs.
Holding tables 3 x 1.1 m2 Honey Extractor 0.95 m2 Wax Melter Tank 0.66 m2 Spin frames for 20 minutes. The extractor has radius of 0.55 m and height 1.05 m. It can hold 20 kg of honey.
insert 8 frames into radial extractor 5 supers to be placed on a holding table
spin at high speeds until frames emptied
empty frames returned to supers
replace with next batch of frames
supers returned to hives
honey extracted is sieved
uncap a frame of honey comb with a hot knife Each table measuring 1.1 x 1.0 m can accomodate 6 supers. Each super contains 10 frames. The supers are stacked according to size (small / medium).
In the case of broken frames or spoilt honeycombs, they will be replaced in the honey house and the waste disposed in covered bins.
pure honey collected in 18L honey buckets
beeswax forms when heated wax cappings collected in melter tank
honey stuck on wax is drained and sieved
pure honey collected in honey buckets
This is done over a wax melter tank 0.55 x .1.2 x 0.56 m to collect the wax cappings for further processing. Heat till 60 degrees C.
moved to storage room
let honey ‘sit’ for 24 hours
For every 10 hives worth of super, 12 honey buckets will be filled.
the wax is then melted and separated from slum gum slum gum is gathered and spread on trays
slum gum is taken back as feed for the bees
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS SPECIALTY STORE
03 AT THE PACKAGING AREA
Honey packaging process
after 24 hours
The bucket has a diameter of 0.30 m and height 0.44 m with a honey gate at the base
12 honey buckets processed at a time
place 6 buckets on a holding table
5 cm
The honey jars are glass and have a diameter of 5 cm. They will be packed in sets of 12 jars (0.20 x 0.15 m).
honey is bottled into 250mL jars
packaging and labels are added
once set, they can be removed from mold
packed into containers for storage
honey jars moved to storage shelves
Each shelf can hold 2 rows of 4 sets of 12 jars. (0.80 x 0.30 m) Holding tables 2 x 1.1 m2 Honey Bucket 0.71 m2
Beeswax packaging process beeswax forms when heated beeswax poured into molds
wick tab added if they are to be candles
5 x 8 cm shapes Holding shelves 10 x (0.9 x 0.4 x 1.8 m) = 3.6 m2
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS FREQUENCY OF ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
Monday
AM
Consumers
Tuesday
PM
AM
Honey Bees
Wednesday Thursday
PM
AM
Beekeepers
PM
AM
PM
Saturday
Friday
AM
PM
AM
PM
Less Activity
Sunday
AM
PM
More Activity
There is a constant rhythmn of rituals observed from the activities of the Consumers, Honey bees & Beekeepers. Consumers visit the farm on a daily basis, for their breakfast lunch and dinner fix. On weekends, the numbers are much higher all throughout the days. Honey bees are most active during midday, and do not alter their foragiing habits unless drastic weather conditions (i.e. rainfall) occur. There is activity in the hive 24/7. Beekeepers do routine checks and maintainance on the bee hives and fruit orchard. Such activities occur during the periods where the bees are not actively foraging for food. It allows time for beekeeper to interact and mingle with the consumers during the midday period.
03 DAY ONE
PREPARATION OF BEE HIVES FOR HONEY HARVESTING
DAY TWO
24 HOUR WAIT REMOVAL OF SUPERS FROM BEEHIVES TO HONEY HOUSE
DAY THREE
DAY FOUR DAY FIVE
EXTRACTION OF HONEY PROCESSING OF HONEY DERIVED BY-PRODUCTS 24 HOUR WAIT PACKAGING, LABELLING & STORAGE
During the harvesting period, the process usually takes up a week from start to end.
ANNUAL RAINFAIL IN SINGAPORE (MM)
HONEY PRODUCTION RATE
The honey can be harvested about 4-5 times a year, depending on the weather conditions and availability of nectar. Bees’ activity shares an inverse relationship with the average amount of monthly precipiation.
ONE DAY SKETCH / FORM PLAY
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
AEG TURBINE FACTORY ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS
Rectilinear forms Light, taut plan surfaces without ornamentation Open interior spaces Visual weightlessness via cantilever construction Use of glass and steel and R.C.
FORM
Made up of two rectilinear adjacent cuboid masses Column-free with high ceiling Big openings for ventilation Strucutral support as an exterior facade, as a stringent rhythmn
CIRCULATION
free movement around the main hall space
VILLA SAVOYE ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS FORM
Made up of a cuboid and a subtraction of a curved shape Areas subtracted for lighting, ventlation and circulation
CIRCULATION
extreme spatial dynamism use of circular staircase and ramps
ZONING Floor Circulation Ramp Ciruclation
Ground floor
First floor
Ground floor
Section
First floor
Second floor
Human Circulation
Ramp Ciruclation
Vehicular Circulation
Staircase Ciruclation
04 CONCEPT Drawing on the spatial dynamism from Villa Savoye, and inserting punctuations into the solemn and clean space of AEG Turbine Factory My intervention would be to insert living spaces in the working area to give a more exciting spatial experience. These living spaces on the ground floor serve as worker’s rest quarters. While the spaces on the upper level have good vantage, allowing supervisors or higher management to observe the manner of work happening on both the primary and secondary areas of the factory
Residential spaces Factory spaces
ONE DAY SKETCH / WALL DESIGN
UOL EDGE GALLERY BY MINISTRY OF DESIGN The building is essentially understood as a series of L-shaped walls paired with interstitial vertical glass strips. This alternating rhythm created multiple orthogonal edges. The glass strips are intentionally turned away from oncoming traffic flow but still allow for view ports and entry portals to be introduced. The rhythm extends to the elevation and section of the building and this allows for a dramatic lead up for the gallery visitor.
PARTIAL VIEWS FROM BUSY ROAD
The intention of my building is to mediate the tension between the users and the bees. This wall detail attempts to create a boundary that is neither too open nor opaque. The staggering of walls and gaps surrounding the bee hives breaks the strong visual connection. This would create a safer space where people are not so vulnerable to the bees even at close proximity. There will be a cabled trellis above the timber clad walkway that provides shade and a green buffer between the users and the bees. This wall allows for more conducive viewing of bees and beekeeping activity going on.
DRAINAGE LAYER THERMAL INSULATION ROOFING MEMBRANE VAPOR RETARDER R.C. ROOF DECK
PARTIAL LIGHT FENESTRATION
PRECEDENT STUDY
FINISH FLOORING TREATED WOOD SLEEPER RIGID INSULATION WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE R.C. FLOOR SLAB
04
TIMBER TRELLIS STEEL CABLES GREEN BUFFER
EARTH DRAINAGE GRAVEL
DRAINAGE LAYER THERMAL INSULATION ROOFING MEMBRANE VAPOR RETARDER R.C. ROOF DECK
GLASS PANEL R.C. WALL SLABS
TIMBER DOOR
COLONNADES the flow of people & bees
PROPOSED INTERVENTION
BISHAN CONTEXT The site is located in a transition area betweem large commercial developments and medium high-rise residential blocks. The Colonnade iserves as a mode where residents and shoppers can congregate at or transit through to another part of the site. It seves as a one stop dining and immersive nature experience.
a
b
SITE ACCESS
05 c
a
a’
b’ b c’
PROPOSED INTERVENTION
GROUND FLOOR
05
FIRST FLOOR
COLONNADES the flow of people & bees
SECTION A-A’
ELEVATION A-A’
SECTION B-B’
ELEVATION B-B’
Tubular steel structure with net fabric infill encompassing the bees’ pollination space
Tubular steel structure with net fabric infill enclosing the human walkway
Turf on rooftop Sky lights
Roof Garden
Public gathering space with contours serving as benches
Beekeepers’ Rest House
Entrance of bees’ pollination space
Outdoor service path to hydraulic service lifts
Indoor Food Stalls Link bridge for production spaces Packaging area of honey products Bee Hives Honey House Public Washroom
Access to Beekeepers’ Rest House Speciality Store selling bee-derived products and souveniors Cafe selling hyper local honey products anf light refreshments Public Washrooms
Turf on rooftop Outdoor stalls selling food and beverages to go
BEES’ CIRCULATION BEEKEEPERS’ CIRCULATION CONSUMERS’ CIRCULATION
Loading Bay
05
Spider Clamp
Net Infill Tubular Steel Section
Flashing
Soil Fine Gravel Coarse Gravel
Steel Bolts
Waterproofing Membrane
R.C. Slab
Grass Cells R.C. Wall Slab
ENCLOSURE DETAIL
Load-bearing R.C. wall
ROOF GARDEN DETAIL
SECTION C-C’
COLONNADES the flow of people & bees