2003 25 suyunshalieva eguebaeva

Page 1

CyJOHUJanHeaa Y. X., Erey6aeaa P. A., KOBaneHKO T. A. , Ta)I(KynoBa H. T. VlHcnnyT 6oTaH~KI-1 1-1 ¢~TOV1HTPOAYKL\VIV1 MO ~ HPK, Ka3axcTaH, r. AnMaTbl, yn. TV1MV1p>J3eBa, 36 ",U", 480090

B

~HTPOAYKL.l~51 3X~HAL.lE~ rJYPrJYPHO~ nPEArOPH~ 30HY 3A~n~~CKOrO AnATAY

BbipaiU11BaHHe

neKapcTBeHHbiX

paCTeHI1H

3cpcpeKTI1BHO

,LJ,mi

rronyqeHI1»

He06XO,ll,HMOf0 paCTHTeJibHOfO Cblpb» 11 HBJI5IeTC51 O,ll,H11M 113 nyrefl. COXpaHeH1151 npHpO.L\HhiX rrorryn»UHH rrone3HbiX pacTeHI1H. PerneHHeM 3TOH rrpo6neMhi »BJI»eTC» pa3pa60TKa

HayqHhiX

HHTPOllYKUHOHHoro

OCHOB

rrpouecca

BBC,ll,CHH51

11X

»BAAeTc»

norroJIHeHue

B

KyJihTypy.

0,LJ,HOH

reHocpoH,LJ,a

113

3a,LJ,a'I

KYJihTYPHhiX

JteKapCTBeHHhlX paCTCHHH 33 C'IeT pe;:(KO BCTpe'Ia!OU(HXCH B rrp11pO,ll,e Bl1,ll,OB, a TaiOKe BOBJIC'ICHI1C

B

HiiTpOllYKU1110 nepcrreKTHBHhiX

pacTeHHH,

He

BCTpe'Ia!OIUHXC51

B

,ll11KOH cpiiope ,LJ,aHHOfO perHOHa. TaKHM ueHll:hiM JieKapcTBeHHhiM pacTeHHeM »BJI»eTCH 3XI1HaUeH rrypnypHaH Echinacea purpurea

(L.)

Moench ceM. Asteraceae Dumort. 3TO MHoroneTHee neKap-

cTaeHHoe pacTeHHe Bbicorofl ,LJ,O couaeTHH 3XHHaueH - .uocTHra!OT

180

cM. 5lpKHe, KpyrrHbie nyprrypHhie KOp3HHKH -

.uo 8 cM

a .UHaMeTpe. UaereT HerrpephiBHO c HIOJIH

llO KOHUa CeHTH6pH, '!aCTO ;:(0 OCeHHHX 3aMOp03KOB. 5fBJIHeTCH XOpOlllHM Me,UOHOCOM. lliHpOKO KYJihTHB11pyeTC51 KaK ,UeKopaTHBHOe pacTeHHe B fepMaHHH H <l>paHUHH, KaK uoaoe neKapcraeHHoe 11 aeKopaTHBHoe - BhiparuHaaeTCH a Eonrap1111, YKpaHHe, JlHrae, PoccHu. Po.uHHa 3XHH3I(eu -

iO.)!(HaH qacrh CeaepHoil AMepHKH. 3xwHar.{eH H3.llaBHa

npHMCH51,1aCh B CeaepoaMepHKaHCKOll HapO,ll,HOH Me,llHUHHe B Ka'ICCTBe aHTHCCf!THKa, 11p11 BOCIIaJIUTeJibHhiX H fHOHHhiX rrpoueccax, JIHXOpa.uKaX, 3y6HOH 60JIH, Q.)!(OfaX, yKyCaX H,llOBHThlX .)!(lfBOTHhlX. JleKapCTBeHHblM CblpbeM CJiy.)!(aT COUBeTHH, a TaiOKe KOpHCB11IUa C KOpHHMH. 0HH o6Jia,lla!OT KpOBOOCTaHaBJIHBa!OIUHM, paH03a.)!(HBJIHIOIlUIM, rrpoTHBOBocnaJIHTeJihHbiM, a rnaaHoe -

aHTHapHTMH'ICCKI1M .ueflcrsHeM. IIpe-

rrapaTbi HCIIOJ1h3YIOT rrpH Jie'IeHUH HHcpeKUHOHHhiX, Cef!TH'ICCKHX 3a6oneBaHHH H KaK HMMYHOCTHMYJIHTOphi opraHH3Ma. Bee "'aCTH pacreHHH co.uep.)!(aT 3cpHpHoe Macno, CMOJihi, opraHH'IeCKHe KHCJIOThi, rnHK03HA -

3XHHOK03Hll. KpoMe 3cpHpHoro

MaCJia, BCe OCTaJihHbie KOMIIOHeHThl CO,Liep.)!(aTCH rrpeHMYIUCCTBeHHO B KOpHHX. Bo BCeM pacTeHHH CO,Uep.)!(HTCH 60JihlllOC KOJIH"'CCTBO MHKpO- 11 MaKp03JieMeHTOB. 0co6eHHO Ba.)!(HO, 'ITO 3XHHaUeH HaK3IIIIHBaeT B npouecce pa3BHTHJl ceJieH H UHHK, yqacrByeT n uopMaJIH3aUHI1 o6MeHHhiX rrpoueccoa, B o6ecrre'IeHHI1 11MMYHHTeTa. YposeHh COAep.)!(aHI1H EAB 11 MHKpmneMeHTOB OTMe"!aeTCH BhiCOKI1M

(1, 3).

B reqeHI1e pHAa neT B ycJIOBHJIX npe,LiropHofi 30Hhi 3aHJII1HCKoro AIIaTay Ha 3KcrrepHMeHTaJihHOM yqacrKe BBO.UHTCH a KYJJhTypy 11 pa3pa6arhmaercH crreurrcpwKa arpoTCXHI1KH B03,lleJibiBaHH51 C H3Y"'CHHCM OC06eHHOCTCH HH,llHBH.LIYaJihHOfO pa3BHTI1Jl :noro BH,lla. 3KcnepHMeHTaJibHbiH yqaCTOK paCIIOJIQ.)!(eH Ha BhiCOTe

800

M Hap;

yposHeM MOpH, a rrpeAropuofi paBHHHe 3aHJII1HCKoro AIIaTay. KJI11MaT pe3KO KOHTHHeHTa'lhHbiH. XapaKrepinyeTcH 6onbWHMH aMrrnwry.uaMH KaK CY'fO'IHhiX, TaK 11 roJOBbiX TeMneparyp. Ilo"'Bbi qepHo3eMOBHAHhie, ropHo-crenHbie. BereTai1m1 pacTeHHH 33BHCHT OT IIOfO,LIHbiX ycJJOBHH fO!la H e)f(CfOJlHO H31.JHH3CTCJI C OIT03L(aHHCM

99

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com


HJIH orrepelKeHHeM B )J,Be He)J,eJIH. IJp11 3TOM TeMrrepaTypa II04Bbl Ha rny611HC OT 5 )1,0 20 CM KOJie6JieTCH B rrpe)J,eJiaX 25 -

16 rpaAYCOB. Ha IIOBepXHOCTif IIO'lBbl TeMnepa-

{'t

Typa .nocTHraer 25 - 30 rpa.zzycos. B 3a_naqy 11CCJie_nosaHHH BXOiiHJlO H3y4eHHC pocTa 11 pa3BI1THH pacTeHHH, onpe.neJ1eHHe HX CblpbeBOH 11 CeMeHHOH rrpO.llYKTHBHOCTI1.

\)

Cl1cTeMamqecKI1e Ha6mo)leHHH 3a H3MeHeHI1HMH CTPYKTYPhi opraHoB B Te'leHHe 60JibUIOfO

T.

lKH3HeHHOfO

U11KJla

IIpOBO)l11JlHCb

ITO

MeTO.lll14eCKHM

pa3pa60TKaM

r. Cepe6pHKOBa (4). IIoceBHOH MaTep11aJI 6biJI rrony4eH c YK-

A. Pa6oTHOBa (2) 11 I1.

pa11Hbl (CyMCKaH o6nacTb). Anpo6HposaHbi.llBa cpoKa nocesa- secHoli 11 oceHb!O. Ye-

\_

~~

TaHosneHo, 'ITO OIITI1MaJibHbiM CpOKOM IIOCeBa HBJIHCTeH BTOpaH IIOJIOBHHa arrpenH. CeMHHKH HMeiOT BbieOKyJO Jia6opaTOpHyJO BeXOlKeCTb - 80 - 90

%.

%,

a TIOJieByJO - 25 - 30

CTpaTwpHKaUHH eeMHHOK B Te4erme 30 .UHell. yseJII14HsaeT 3Hepm!O rrpopaCTaHHH.

ro.u lKH3HI1 3XI1HaueH

Bee 1000 ceMHHOK paseH 3,9 r. B nepsbiH

npoxoAHT see npere-

HepaTI1BHbie 3Tarrhl OHTOfeHe3a. JlaTeHTHhiH rrepHO)J. eoeTaBJUieT OKOJIO 6 MeeHUeB. CeMHHKH pOM6H4eeKOH !}JopMhl e O)J.H11M CeMeHeM, ,llJIHHOH 4,0- 5,0 MM. BHprHHHJlhHhlH rrepHO.ll )J,JIHTeH

6

MeeHUeB, e TPeMH B03paeTHhiMH coeTOHHHH-

MI1. MaeeOBhle BCXO)J,hl OTMe4a!OTeH BO BTOpOH ,UeKa)J,e MaH B BH)J,e rrpopoeTKOB e .llBYMH lll11pOKOOBaJihHhiMH CeMH)J,OJlHMI1 Ha KOpOTKHX qepeUIKaX, )J,JII1HOH 0,6 0,65 eM 11 UIHpHHOH 0,45- 0,5 eM (pHC. 1). IJepBhiH HaeTOHIItHH JIHeT rrpOAOITfOBaTO- OBaJihHOH <j:>opMhl e He60IThlliHMI1 3y6'lHKaMH, TeMH0-3eiTeHOf0 UBeTa C BHyrpeH-

(

0,59 eM, )lJIHHa 4epeiiiKa 0, 7 -

0, 75 eM. CeMH-

)J,OJlhHhie Jli1CThH OTMHpa!OT qepe3 30 - 35 )J.HeH If paCTeHI1H BCryrra!OT B IOBeHHJihHOe eOCTOHHHe B BH)le p03eTOK, COCTOHIItHX 113 3 - 4 nap Jli1CTheB, )J,JIHHOH 1,3- 1,5 eM, UI11p11HOH 0,6- 0,65 CM, C qepeUIKOM 0,85 - 0,9 CM. B rrOeJie)J,yJOmeM qepe3 30 35 ,llHeH IIOHBITHIOTCH Jli1CTbH, HpK0-3eJieHbie, KpyrrHhie, III11pOKO-HHUeBH)lHhie, ,llJIHHOH 8 - 1 0 eM 11 UI11p11HOH 4 - 5 CM, OTITH'Ia!OmHeCH <j:>opMOH 11 pa3MepoM OT JII1eTheB oeo6efi IOBeHHJlbHOfO COCTOHHHH. 3TH H3MeHeHHH eBH)J,eTeiTheTBYIOT 0 BCTYTIITCHHH

li.

i 1 ~\\!!' -. ) 7!,, \1 •]• i /

\

r;~\ \

I_

HeH eTOpOHhl 11 eBeKOJlhHOfO C HapylKHOH, !10HBITHeTeH qepe3 12- 14 )J,HeH. ,[(rrHHa ero 0, 7 - 0, 73 CM, UIHpHHa 0,56 -

l

Puc. Pa:Jeumue 'JXllHUl{ell nypnypHOU HU nepBOM zooy JICll3Hll B KOHUe Mall QJOpMH:pyiOTCH reuepaTHBHbiC II06em, K cepe,UHHC HIOHH OTMC'IaCTCH MaCCOBaH 6yTOHH:3aUH:H Ha U:CHTpaJibHbiX II06erax, a 113 Ila3YX JlHCTbCB rrpO,UOJDKaeTCH OTpacTaHHC 60KOBbiX IT06erOB. B cepe,UHHC 1110HH Ha6JTIO,UaJI0Cb c,UH:HH'IHoe u:seTeHMe. BhrcoTa no6eros 6bura B npe.uenax KOJTH4CCTBO HX HaC411Tb!BaJIOCh OT

2

,UO

6

70 - 100

eM,

IIITyK. MaCCOBOC UBCTCHHC HaCTyrra-

JIO BO BTOpoif ,UCKa)le 11IOJIH 11 npO,UOJT)KaJIOCb .UO KOHI~a BTOpOH ,UCKa,Uhl asry-

pacTeHHH B BHprHHHJlbHOe COCTOHHHe ·- pmeTKH C pa3BHTOH KOpHeBOH CHeTeMOH

CTa. B Haqane CCHTH6pl! Ha6JIIO,UaJTOCh OTM11paHHe reHepaTI1BHbiX no6eros H

HMeJOT AO 20 Kpyrrnhrx rrHeTheB. E.nHHH'IHhie oeo611 B noerre)J,yJOmeM o6pa3yJOT re-

C03peBaHHC CCMSIHOK. B ,UaJTbHCHIIICM p03CT04HOC COCTOHHHe COXpaHHCTCH ,UO 3aMop03KOB. Becb sereTaU:HOHHhiH nepH:o.u ,UJTHTCH

uepaTI1BHbre no6er11. Ha BTOpOM fOAY lKH3HH B KOHUe rrepBOH ,UeKa)J,hl arrpeJIH OTMe'laeTeH C,llHHI1'1-

180 - 200

,UHeii. B rrocne-

.UYIOW11e fO,Uhl )l(I13Hlf paCTCHlfH npOXO,llHJIH Bee JTaiThl OHTOfCHC3a 11 3aBH3hi-

HOe OTPaeTaHHe pmeT04HhiX JIHCTheB 113 rrO,ll3eMHhiX rr04eK B0306HosrreHHH, pacrro-

BaJTI1 !10J1HOU:cHHhre ceMeHa. Ce3oHHoe pa3BHTHe npoxo,UHJIO o.unoTH:ITHo oco-

JIOlKeHHhiX Ha KOpHeBHIItaX (Ta6JI. 1). I1HTCHC11BHh!H poeT 11 <j:>opMHpOBaHHC p03eTOK

6HM BToporo ro.ua. Ha

npO)J,OJllKaJIOCh ,llO KOHUa BTOpOH )J,eKa)J,bl MaH. ):(rrHHa JlHCTbeB e qepeUIKOM 18 -

HHC KOpHCBOH MaCChi 11 B0306HOBJTCHHC npOBO,UHJ111 BCXO,UaMlf OT CaMOCcBa

G nypr··---

20 CM, lllHpHHa 2,5 - 3,5 CM.

1. Cpm_cu <!JeHOJIOrH'IeCKHX <!Ja3 pa3BHTHH 3XH.uaueu 1

!

foAhi

tHa6 JliO)J,CHHI1

I

v

1997

r

1998

~!

Bo1pacT '"

.

b 1

OrpacTaHHe EyTomnaUHll

v

paeTeHHH 4-rreTHHe

17.04

2-JieTHHe

09.04

1999

2-rreTHHe

14.04

1999

3-neTHHe

14.04

~_____lQ_Ol__

2-neTHHe

1

06.04

[ ___ _l.OQ_L ___ 4-nerH~_L ___ 06.Qi_

~.06

-~

U,sereHHe

Co3pesamreJ eeMl!HOK

,---3G.07--~-----y]J)8 I 1.08

L

23~06--r.07~ 23.06 +-.-Jl.-QZ__ i

'

23.06_____; ___

_!_?.08

I _J

_jl

~.07--r-=-- 17~L_ --L..J0.06 --~----]_9..:.0?---=r-=_1~.08 ___ : _j___ 22.06_ 1 _2Q~Ql_ _l ___ p.Ot__ ~

5- 6

fO,UaX )l(lf3HH y 3XHHaU:Clf OTMC4aJTOCb ITO,UfHlfBa-

pacTeHHii. C6op KaqecTBCHHoro neKapcTseuuoro ChiphH ueo6xo.urrMo nposo.UlfTh CO BTOporo ITO 4CTBCpTh!H fO,Uhl, 3aTeM 06HOBJTHTh IIOCCB. Ha

ocHoBaHHI1

.uaHHhiX

11ccne.uosaHrri1:

npomso,UCTBeHHoe HCIThiTaHHe Ha rrJIOWaAH )l(aHHOCTh Ha,Ll3CMHOH MaCChi-

400

rrpose.ueuo

onhiTHo-

KB. MCTpOB. Orrpe.ueneHa ypo-

55-63, KOpHCBOH- 10- 12, CCMHHOK- 8- 13 u/ra

(Ta6JI. 2), 11 pa3pa6oTaHhl peKOMCH,ll3111111 IIO BBC,UCHHIO B KYJlhTypy :noro BH)la. )J,mi ycneiiiHoro BhrpaiUHB3HHH Heo6xo,UHMO npaBHJibHO Bhi6paTh Y'IaCTOK, IIO)lfOTOBHTb K34CCTBCHHbiC CCMHHKI1, o6ecnC'li1Th HaAJIC)l(alltHH yxo,U 33 H3C3)l(JlCHHHMI1.

101

100

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com


~

2. XapaKTepucTuKa npoJJ:yKTusuocTu pa3HOBo3pacTHbiX oco6en

IJ tO.l\hi Ha-

1

I 6rriO.ueHHH

h

. I

pacTeHI1i1 ·.

K a.u3eMHIDI~, opHeBH ~tCoM•HoK Macca 11 ~~~!:! __

1 3 . 63,04 I 10,0 ~-----'--------+----1

997

1998

3.

3XHHa~i!-!!lll._IIY_I!_C!!J_()U B pa~ble ro,rJ;bi !9'J1bT~P~!__~~~--Y pO)J<aHHOCTh, I.V'ra I I Bo3pacT H I -~ -~ 1 Tipo.uyKTI1BHOCTh ·

!

i

;

-

-

s-s

[

-

,

11,9

1;,8

8:3

11,0

12,8

I KOpHosoO

t

MacoM,

B. H.,

TiocnerrOB C.

nom<J:eCKHe csol1cTBa ( o63op)

c. 32-37.

cl'

--~-----

4.

6 56 20,4 , - --------j

~·i

CaMOpOJ(OB

B.,

Mol1ceesa r. <D. 11 ,np. <DI1TOXl1MH'IeCKl1ll

cocTaB rrpe,ncTas~oneneil po,na 3XHHaueH

Cepe6pHKOBa

T.

II

(Echinacea

Moench) H ero <PapMaKo-

XHM.-<j.>apMau. )Kypn. -

1996. -- 30. -

N~

4. -

l1. Y<J:eHHe o )KHJHeHHhiX <j.>opMax Ha cospeMeHHOM 3Tane.

l/l1TOfl1 nayKH H TeXmJKH. oOTaHHKa.-

M., 1972.- C. 84- 169.

i

--~;;-+1-----+--1-:-4~:; l+- !:~ -- 6:,~~- ---foy-~-J-j '----~~- ---~--3__ __L _ _§Q,!_

18,6

BcrraiiiKY ITO'-IBhi crre.uyeT npoBO.l\HTh oceHhiO rro.u 3H6h 11.rr11 secHoH: Ha r.rry6HHY

27 - 30

eM He paHee, 'JeM 3a .use He.ue.rrl1 .uo rrocesa. B c.rryqae Heo6xo.ui1MOCTI1 B03-

MO)KHO ,nsyxKpaTHoe ,[(HCKOBaHI1e. Tioces ocyllleCTBIDIIOT PMOBOH ceJIJIKoif, o6opyL\OBaHHOH COIIIH11KaMH li orpaHH'II1TeJIJIM11 rny6HHhl - pe6op,naMH, 11JIH Bpy'IHyiO. PaccTOJIHHe Me)K.llypJI,nl1ll

65 - 70

eM. CeMJIHKH 3a,neJihiBaiOT Ha rny6uHy

4- 5

'

CM.

TipH yMeHbllleHHI1 rny611Hhl 11X 3a.UeJIKH OHI1 H3-3a He.l\OCTaTKa BJiarH MOfYT BhiCOXHYTh, 11 He rrpopacTI1. I>onhlllaJI rny611Ha ne .uaeT B03MO)KHOCTI1 rrpo611ThCJI Ha rrosepxnoCTh OCHOBHOH 4aCTI1 rrpOpOCTKOB. HopMa llOCeBa CeMJIHOK B COOTBeTCTBI111 C 11X ITOCeBHhiMI1 Ka'leCTBaMI1 ycTaHaBJII1B3eTCJI B rrpe.uenax 2 - 2,5 Kr/ra, '-ITO o6ecrre411BaeT TPe6yeMyiO rycTOTY CTOJIHI1JI pacTeHI1fi: 4- 5 IIITYK Ha I rroroHHhifi: MeTP. ,lVIJI rrp11L{aHI1JI ceMRHKaM chmyqecTI1 11x MO)KHO CMellii1BaTh C rpaHyJIHpOBaHHhiM cyrrep<Poc<l>aTOM H3 paC'IeTa } :2. B rrepBhifi: ro.u nocesa 3XI1Hau.eJI rrypnypHaJI Hy)K.llaeTcJI s Tll.laTeJihHOM yxo.ue. TiepsyiO rrporronKy rrpOH3BOMT rrocrre Maccosoro rroJisrreHHJI Bcxo.uos, )KeJiaTeJihHO ITOCJie L{O)K.llll HJIH ITOJII1Ba. CeJIH'-lhl oco6eHHO Tpe6osaTeJihHbl K BJiare, Il03TOMY 11X Heo6xo.uuMo ITOJII1BaTh.

B neTHI1M

11 oceHHHfi: rrep110L\hi, ecrr11 3TO neo6xo.uuMo, rrpo-

BOLlliT rrporronKy H phiXJieHue ,[(Jill rrpeL{OTBpamenHjJ ynnoTHeHHR ITO'IBbi.

B rrocne-

LlYIOll.IHe fOL{bl rrpOHCXO.l\HT CMhiK3HI1e pacTeHHH B pR.l\K3X H Il03TOMY yMeHblllaeTCJI ITOTpe6HOCTh Me)KL\YPli.l\HOH o6pa60TKH. 3XHHaQeJI He JII06HT H36biTKa BJiafH, XOTS! XOpOIIIO OT3hiBaeTCJI Ha llOJIHB. ,lVIJI pOCTa eu·ny)KHO MHOfO COJIHQa, pbiXJIYIO 11 ITHTaTeJibHYJO rroqsy. CeMJIHKI1 BCXO.l\JIT Me.uneHHO- oT

10 L{O 30 .uHeH:,

TPe6yiOT BJia)K-

HOCTI1 11 TeiTJia. 3HMYIOT 6e3 yKphlTHJI. Pa3MHO)K3Tb MO)KHO He TOJibKO ITOCeBOM CeMJIHOK, HO 11 BereTaTHBHO - L{eJieHHeM KYCTOB. 3xuHaueH nypnypHaH xopoiUo ananTuposarracb B ycrrOBHHX npenropnoll paBHHHhl 3aHJIHllCKOfO AJlaTay H MO)KeT llOllOJIHHTh aCCOpTHMeHT 11Cll0Jih3yeMhiX JleKapCTBeHHhlX paCTeHHll.

lin6JmorpacjmH

1. JleKapcTBeHHbie paCTeHHH.- M., 1975.-400 c. 2. Pa6oTHOB T. A. )l{uJHeHHhiH UHKJI MHororreTHHX TpammHCThiX pacTemiil B JiyroBhiX uen03ax II Tp. EHH AH CCCP.- 1950.- Cep. 3.- reo6oTaHuKa.Bhln. 6. - C. 7 - 204. 102

103

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.