Bac¢unosa E.
c., 5arayTAHHosa P.
H.*
6oTaH~YeCK~0 caA YpanbCKOIO OTAeneH~~ PAH, Pace~~. 1. EKarep~rl6ypl, yn. 8 MapTa, 202, 620144 •YpanbCK~0 IOCYAapcTB8HHbl0 yH~sepc~TeT ~M. A. M. lopbKOIO, Pocc~R. I. EKaTep~H6ypl, npocn. neH~Ha, 51, 620083
CPABHIIITEJlbHOE lr13Y4EHir1E cnoCOoOB BbiPAJ.Jtlr1BAHir151 3XIr1HAUEir1 nYPnYPHO~ nPIII lr1HTPOAYKUir11r1 HA CPEAHEM YPAJlE 3xuHaUell rryprrypHall (Echinacea purpurea
(L.)
Moench) HH-rpo.nyuupoaaHa so
MHOrHX esporreficKHX cTpaHax, a TaiOKe B pll.ne peruoHoB PoccHH. KaK OTMeqa!OT
B. H.
CaMopo.nos,
C.
B. TiocrrenoB (
1999),
6oJihiiiall 3KonorwrecKall rrnacTuqHoCTh 11
BhiCOKHH a.narrTHBHhiH ITOTCHUJ.IaJI :3TOfO BH,l.la ,l.la!OT B03MO:lKHOCTh ycrreiiiHO B03):(C·· .'lhiBaTh ero B pa3JIJ.IliHhiX KJIHMaTHqecKHx ycnoBID!X
(7). ,[{m1
Cpe.nHero Ypana HH-
-rpo.nyKl.\Hll 3XHHaUCJ.I HMCCT 60JihiiiOe 3HaqeHHC B CB5!3H. C TCM, qTo 3TO perHOH C HC6narorrpHliTI;IOH 3KOJIOrHqecKOH CHTYai.IJ.ICH, HaCJIC,l.IJ.IC KOTOporo OCTpO Hy:lK,l.laCTCll B J.IMMYHOMO.l.IYJIHPYIO!llJ.IX cpe,l.ICTBaX. ,[{ocTaToqHo cypoBhie rrpHpO.l.IHO-KJIHMaTJ.IqecKHe ycnoBHll Cpe.nHero Y pana, HaXO.l.lllll.lCfOCll B IIO.l.I30He IO:lKHOH TaHrH., liBJlli!OTCll <l>aKTOpOM, B 3HaqH.TCJihHOH CTCITCHH orpamfqHBa!Oll.lllM B03MO:lKHOCTH rrpOH.3paCTaHHll 3,llCCh 3XHHal.\Cll rryprrypHOH. B rrepay10 oqepe.llh, OTpHuaTeJihHoe aoJ.neficTBHe OKa3hiBa!OT HH.3KHe 3H.MHHe TeMrrepazyphi (JJ;o- 30- 33°C, a rropofi H HH)!(e), a TaiOKe KOpOTKHH rrepHO):( aereTaUHH.. Cne):(CTBHCM :noro liBJilleTCH, B qacTHOCTH., oqeHh 6oJihiiiOH oTrraJJ; MOJIO.l.lhiX paCTeHHH B rrepay10 3HMY- JJ;O 50
% H 6onee.
KaK rroKa3aJIH HaiiiH H.ccneJJ;oaaHHH, OAHMM H3 crroco6os ycKopeHHll pa3BHTHll paCTCHHM B rrepBhiH BereTal.\HOHHhiH rrepH.O):( H, COOTBCTCTBCHHO, YMCHhiiiCHllll HX OTITa,l.la 3a 3HMY MO:lKCT 6hiTh B03):(CJlhJBaHHC ITyTeM HC rrpHMOfO ITOCCBa B OTKph!ThiH rpyHT, a npe):(BapHTCJlhHOfO Bhipall.lHBaHH.ll' pacca):(hl B TCITJIH.l.\C C ITOCJICAYIOlllCH BhiCa):(KOH B OTKphiThiH rpyHT. B CTpaHaX H perHOHaX C 6onee TeiTJihiM KJIHMaTOM, HarrpH.MCp, B YKpaHHe, pacrrpoc-rpaHeH rrepBhiH crroco6 KYJihTH.BHposaHHH
(7).
B Moc-
KOBCKOH o6nacTH 11 Pecrry6nHKe I>aiiiKOpTocTaH rrpHMCHli!OTCll o6a sapHaHTa ( 1, 3 ).
B
JlHTBe, rro MHCHHIO
0.
A. Para:lKHHCKeHe
(1996),
HaH6onee 3<l><l>eKTHBHhiM crroco-
6oM pa3MHO:lKCHHll 3XHHaUCH rryprrypHOH liBJlli'CTCll CCMCHHOH B TCITJIHUC C ITOCJlC.l.IY!Oll.lCH BhiCaAKOH paccaAhi
B rpyHT
(6).
B
CH6HpCKOM
6oTaHH.qecKoM
(2). 11pOBO):(HJIH B 1999
caJJ;y
(r. TOMCK), 3TOT BHA TaK)!(C Bh!pall.lHBaCTCll pacca,l.IHhiM CIIOC060M
B
HaiiiHX OilbiTaX ITOCCBhl 3XHHaUCH rrypnypHOH
H 2001 rr.
ceMHHKaMH perrpO.llYKUHH I>oTaHHqecKoro ca):(a YpO PAH: B TerrnuqHbiX ycnoBHliX (rrepBbiH BapHaHT) -
B Haqane arrpeJill, B OTKph!TOM rpyHTC (BTOpOH BapHaHT) -
B
rrepBOH llOJlOBHHC Mall. BbiCa):(Ka CCliHUCB B rpYHT H3 TCITJIHUhl 11pOH3BO,llHJIH B KOHue B03paCTHOf0 COCTOliHllll IIpOpOCTKa- Haqane IOBCHHJibHOfO COCTOli'Hllll (rrepHO,l.IH3aUH.ll' OHTOfCHC3a rrpHBO,l.IHTCll ITO (5)). B pa3JlllqHhiX B03paCTHhiX COCTOJ!HllliX y 10 - 30 oco6efi orrpeAeJll!JlH 3HaqeHHll pllna Mop<t>onoruqecKHX rrpH3HaKOB, Macey Hail3CMHOH H ITOA3eMHOH qacTeii, <l>eHo6HonoruqecKHe rroKa3aTeJTH. OnpeJieJieHHe conep:lKaHHll <l>PYKT030COJICp:lKall.lHX IlOJTHCaxapHAOB ITpOBO):(HJTH pe30pUHHOBhiM MCTO)!OM no A.
H.
EpMaKosy ( 4 ).
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
21
Y CTaHOBJICHO, y)f{e 'Iepe3 9 -
'ITO B TCIIJilf'IHhiX YCJIOBHJIX CeMJIHKH Ha'!HHa!OTb npopacTaT&
13 .llHeil IIOCJIC IIOCCBa, a He 'lepe3 3 -
4 He,lleJIH, KaK B OTKpb!TOM (Ta6JI.
rpyHTe. TipH 3TOM lfX BCXO)f{CCTb B TeiJJIIfl.le HCCKOJ!bKO Bblllle, '!eM B OTKpb!TOM
...
rpyHTe. TaK, B 2001 r. OHa COCTaBJIJIJia COOTBeTCTBeHHO 37,7% H 28,3 %. Tiplf)f{lfBaeMOCTb pacca.uhr npH Bhrca.uKe B rpyHT 6JIH3Ka K
I 00
TiepBy!O, CaMy!O KpHTH'ICCKYJO 3HMY paCTCHH.II, Bb!pameHHhle C IIOM0ll1hl0 pac-
%. PmBHTHe pacTeHHM, Bhi-
ca,llhl, nepeHOCHT ycrreliiHO; OTIIa.U B 3TOM BapHaHTe COCTaBHJI K BeCHe 2000
HlfX OKOJIO 35 ,llHeM, a y pacTeHHM, IIOJiy'leHHhiX OT IIOCeBa B OTKphiTbiM rpyHT, -
4,3 %. B TO JKe BpeMR y pacTeHHM, IIOJiy'leHHhlX OT IIOCeBa B OTKpb!ThiM rpyHT, OT-
IIOJITOpa MeCJIUa H 6011ee. BcrynJieHHe B IOBeHHJihHOe COCTOJIHHe rrpOHCXOLJ,IfT B
rra)l 3a nepBy!O 3HMY 6hiJI 3Ha'IHTeJibHO 60Jibllle - 30,4 %. 0'!eBH)lHO, :no CBH3aHO C
rrepBOM Bapr!aHTe Ha 23 - 31 ,llCHh paHbllle, 'leM BO BTOpOM ( COOTBeTCTBeHHO B cepe-
TeM, 'ITO pacTCHHH B nepnoM sapHaHTe YlllJIH B 3HMY 6orree pmBHThiMH: 6orrhrnHHCT-
,LieHb paHhllle ( COOTBeTCTBeHHO B KOHUe IUOJIJI H B Ha'lane ceHTJl6p}l).
BO H3 HHX ycnerro nepeMTH B BHpfHHHJibHOe B03paCTHOC COCTORHHe.
K
Ha BTopoM rony JKH3HH norrR oco6eil, scrynHBlllHX B reuepaTHBHhiH rrepHO.ll
KOHUY rrep-
pa3BHTHH, COCTaBHJia B rrepBOM BapHaHTe 95,5 %.
BOfO BereTaUHOHHOfO CC30Ha B nepBOM BapHaHTC 3Ha'IHTeJihHaJI 'faCH, OC06eif nepe-
•
TioKmaTeJIH
6noMacca 3XunaQeu nypnypuoii
--------------"""'r
J13y'leHHC CO.UCp)f{aHHR B II0.1J:3eMHOM '!aCTH 3XHHaUeH nypnypHOH ¢pyKT030CO-
JI ( _
oT nocesa B OTKphiThiH
neHH onpenerrRIOIUHX HMMYHOCTHMYJIHPYIOII(ee .n:eilcTBHe neKapcTBCHHhiX <PopM ua
rpyHT BTOpOH BapH_ ___ auT) _____ J
' ,)j____________
OCHOBe 3XHHaQeH, IIOKa3aJIO CJIC.LIYIOII..Iee. 0THOCHTeJihHOe CO,llep)f{aHlie 3THX BemeCTB (s TOM '!Hcne HHYJIHHa) Ha nepsoM ro,lly JKH3HH y pacTeunil, BhlpaiUeHHhiX
--~
JIHCTheB
·-------"----
BTopoil ro.LI )f{H3HH (2000 r.)
77 ± 3
BhiCoTa pacTeHHH, CM ,lVIHHa po3eT'?'lHOfO JIHCTa, CM
___
cTe~~_I!_~ro ~~_:ra, CM~
14,8 ± 4
OLI,HOH OC06H
Y~I!_HOM _l?.~~H
O.UHOH OC06H, r
___
±
1
±
..
69
76
HCCKOJJhKO yMeHhllla!OTCH.
B
QeJIOM, IIpH paCCa,llHOM CIIOco6e Bb!paiUHBaHI1H Cblphe
3XHHaUeH OKa3hiBaeTCR 6orree 6oraTh!M 6HOJIOrH'leCKH aKTHBHblM11 BemeCTBaMH (Ha nepBOM- BTOpOM f'O)laX JKH3HH).
2. Co)J;epiKanue lflpyKToJoco.~~:epiKamux so.~~:opacTsopHMbiX ___ _
(B TOM qnCJJe HffYJIHHa) y
,~---,
I
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t_ _ro
239 ±57
~ ------~~----- ~~~ ~-----
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co6oM, .llOCTOBCpHO 60Jihllle, '!CM y paCTCHHil:, IIOJIY'!CHHhiX OT rpyliTOBOfO IIOCeBa
H.<!.E)'~Oe Be~eCTBO
-
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..
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_ % _lfa_cyxoe_!!_emecTno
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I
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B~!id_
11 ,6
I I I
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
"'I
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(sTo~ sapHa!fTl__
36,8
BTO.PS_O_H __
nony'"~"""
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ITo '"'" ro""'""" (200] __ _
ua Chi poe semecTso
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3Ha'leHHH Mopti>OJIOflflJCCKHX IIpH3HaKOB, a TaiOKC Macca Ha,ll3eMHOM H IIO,ll3eM-
HOil: 'JaCTCM B KOHUC nepsoro rona )f{H3HH y paCTCHHH, rronyqeHHhiX paccaL(HhiM CIIO-
Poo>enH•, '"'"'"""""" 1
noJiucaxapuiJ:OB
3xuna~eu rryprrypnou npu pa3HLIX cnocooax
--------~~·~amusanuH
IloKmaTerrH
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7 pm) y paCTeHHM
rrepBOfO BapHaHTa. Ha BTOpOM rony pa3JI!i'IHR Me)f{,Liy BapHaHTaMH COXpaH~IOTCH, HO
2
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I . J___~.12_:1:_IJ_
OT IIOCeBa B OTKpblTbiH rpyHT (Ta6JJ. 2). A6COJIIOTHOe conepJKaHHe HX (B rpaMMaX Ha O,llHO pacTeHHe) Ha nepBOM ro.ny )f{H3HH TaiOKe 60J!hllle (B 6 -
:±:_.~5_________15,8~_9_,_'!____ _
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1-l.JHCJIO K0p3_HHOK
·-----------·---______________
pacCa,llHhiM CIIOC060M, B IIOJJTOpa - )lBa pa3a Bblllle, 'leM y paCTeHHH, IIOJIY'IeHHbiX
75 ± 2
17,3 ± 0,8 _
ro.n:y JKH3HH pmJIH'IHR Me)f{,Liy sa-
.uepJKali..IHX BO.UOpaCTBOpHMhiX IIOJIHCaxapH.L\08 ( ¢pyKTaHOB ), B 3Ha'lHTCJihHOM CTC-
~.:;;;;;;;;~;,: -~-.;~. -=- -=_ i::·~~---l COA >KIDHH (1999
1). Ha TpeTheM
pHaHTaMH IIO'ITH IIOJIHOCTh!O HC'Ie3a!OT.
---J~:C_T_e_H~~ Bh;;;~eHHh~- rPacTeu-u~oJI~eHiih~Ie
pacca)lHhiM crroco6oM (rrepBbiH BapHain) - - - __ _:_ __________
l.JTO JKe KacaeTCR MOpti>OJIOrH'leCKHX IIOKa3aTCJICH, TO Ha BTOpOM fO.Uy JKH3HH
.n:ocTosepuo ue pmrrH'laeTCH (m6rr.
~a3JiuqnLtx cnocooax BLIQ3IUHBanuH --
7J ,0 %, 'ITO TaK)f{C
MH. Tio 6HOMacce KaK Ha.n:3eMHOH, TaK H f!O)l3eMHOM 'laCTCM pacTeHHM sapHaHTbl
MarypHOM COCTOHHHHX rrpusoLJ,HT TaiOKe T. H. EeJI}ICBa c coasropaMH (2).
r-·------
BbipaiUCHHhiX ITyYeM
Ha6JIIO,llaeTCR pe3KOe yMeHhll!eHHe pa31IH'IHH MeJKAY rrepBhiM H BTOph!M BapHaHTa-
rrypHoi! 3Ha'lHTeJibHO COKpaiUaeT Ll,JIHTeJibHOCTh rrpe6bJBaUHH B IOBCHHJihHOM H lfM-
1. MoplfloJioruqecKue npH3HaKu u
56,3 -
IIO)lTBepJK.UaeT <t>aKT YCKOpeHHOfO pa3BHTHR pacTeHHM B nepBOM BapHaHTC.
TeHHR 3aKaH'lHBa!OT BereTai..IHIO, KaK rrpaBHJIO, B HMMaTypHOM COCTOJIHHH. AHaJIOfM'IHhie .uaHHhie o TOM, 'ITO pacca.uHhiM crroco6 KYJihTHBHposaHHR 3XHuaueH nyp-
Y paCTCHHM,
IIOCeBa B OTKpbiThiH rpyHT, OHa 3Ha'lHTeJihHO MeHhllle -
XOLI,HT B BHpfHHHJihHOe COCTO}!Hiife (B 1999 f . - 82,6 %), aBO BTOpOM BapHaHTe pac-
22
r. BCCfO
pall1eHHhiX C IIOMOll1h!O paCCa,llbl, lf,lleT 6blC'fPCe. J0BCHHJihHOe COCTOJIH!fe ,!.(JIHTCJI y
,llHHe HIOHJI H B cepe,llHHe lfiOJill), a rrepeXO,LI B HMMarypuoe COCTOJlHHe - Ha 33 - 41
~
J ), 'ITO IIO.UTBep)f{,LiaeT HBHOe npeHMYII..ICCTBO TeiiJIIf'IHblX IIOCeBOB nepe.u
rpyHTOBbiMH B OTHOllleHHif CKOpOCTH pa3BHTHH pacTeHHH B rrepBbiH ron JKl13Hl1 .
~ ~--·20,5 5, 1
_
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-ro-n-~-·~-:H-H_(_2_00-2l· ______QJ_Z__ ______ 36,9 10,3 4,2
____
27,5 ____ _
_ _ _ _ _ 7,9_______ _____
j
b_L______ j 23
Cne,IJ,yeT OTMennh, 'ITO B npHpOJIHO-KJIHMaTH'lecKHX ycnosm1x CpeJ{Hero Ypana pacca)J,HhiH cnoco6 Bhipall(HBaHHll 3XHHaQeH nypnypHoH lfMeeT l!BHoe npeHMyll(eCTBO nepeJ{ fiOCeBOM B OTKphiThiH rpyHT. 0HO BhlpruKaeTCll npeiK)J.e BCero B TOM, 'ITO pacTeHlfll, nonyqeHHhie paccaJIHhiM cnoco6oM, HaMHoro 6onee ycnerriHo rrepe3HMOBhiBaiOT ('ITO HMeeT O'leHh 60JihiiiOe 3Ha'leHlfe B MeCTHhiX YCJJOBm!X), 6hJCTpee iJa3BHBaiOTCH 11 Jlpy)J(HO BCTynaiOT B reHepaTHBHhiH nepHO.U pa3BHTHH CO BTOporo ro,IJ,a )J(.If3HH. KpoMe Toro, co,!J,ep)J(aHHe <l>PYKT03oco.a:ep)J(all(HX Bo,!J,opacTsopMMhiX f!OJlHCaXapH)J,OB, B 'laCTHOCTlf .HHymma, B rrepBhle )J,Ba fO)J,a )J(H3HH 3aMeTHO 60Jlhiiie y pacTeHHH, Bhipall(eHHhiX c noMOll(hiO paccaJ{hi. Qqea.H.UHO, 'ITO a ycnoswHx CpeL\Hero Ypana 3TOT cnoco6 Bhipalli.HBaHHllliBJJlleTcll Ha116onee npHeMneMhiM.
liu6JiuorpacJmH I. EaumpoBa P. M., lllati.n.ymuma r. r., HHKHTlfHa T. 11. H .n.p. 3XMHaQeH nypnypHaH (nMOJIOrMH, !l>apMaKOJlOrMH 11 BOIIpOChl HHTpOJJ:YKI~MM B pecrry6JIMKe EaurKopTocTaH). IlperrpM:HT I 113JJ:. EaurKM:pcK. yH-Ta. - Y !l>a, 2000. - 44 c. 2. EenHeBa r. H., Jiem;yK P. 11., HoBMKOBa 0. B. HeKOTOphie oco6eHHOCTM 6M:OJl0fHH H Jl:HHaMM:KH 6M:OJlOnr'leCKH aKTHBHbiX Bem;eCTB B 3XHHaQee rrypnypHOH (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) B CH6M:pcKoM 6oTaHwieCKOM caJJ:y II reHeTHqeCKHe pecypcbi JieKapcTBeHHhiX H apoMaTMqecKHX pacTeHHH. - M., 2001.- C. 221-224. 3. KyprancKru~ C. A. Ilone3Hhie YpaBhi 11 peJJ:KHe QBeThi na caJJ:OBOM yYaCTKe.M.: HayKa, 1995.- 128 c. 4. MeTOJJ:hl 6HOXMMHqecKoro HccneJJ:oBaHMH paCTeHMH I IloJJ: peJJ:. A. 11. EpMaKoaa. - JI.: Konoc, 1972. - 456 c. 5. OHToreneTMqecKMH amac neKapcTBeHHhiX pacTemiH. - HourKap-Ona: MapMliCKHH roc. yn-T. 2000. - T.2. - 268 c. 6. PariDKMHCKeHe 0. A. KynhTMBM:poaaHHe 3XMHaQeM rryprrypHoli (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) a KayHaccKOM 6oTam-IqecKOM CaJJ:Y II AHMM3 11 rrporH0311p. pe3yJihTaTOB MHTPOJJ:YKQ. JJ:eKopaTHBH. H neK. paCT. Mllposoli!l>nopbi B 6oT. CaJJ:hi.- MllHCK: "T3xHanori»", 1996.- C. 107. 7. CaMopOJJ:OB B. H., Ilocrrenos C. B. 3xM:HaQe» B YKpaMHe: rronyseKoaoti OIIhiT HHTpOJJ:YKQHH H B03.ll,eJihiBaHHH. -- IlOJITaBa: "BepCTKa", 1999.- 52 C.
1
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com