IAW: Chapter 7
Comparing & Contrasting
Revision Paragraph structure Continued
“Once a writer knows the difference between the three sentence types (simple, compound, and complex), it is possible to write with sentence variety. Sentence variety helps make your writing more interesting (Korevaar, 2014).” 1.Simple Sentence: A simple sentence contains a subject and verb. It expresses a single complete thought. A simple sentence is a single independent clause. Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4.
The cat crept through the dark house. The wary mouse watched from underneath an upturned cereal box. The predatory cat stopped and surveyed his surroundings. The mouse darted for the safety of the nearly invisible hole under the cabinet.
2.Compound Sentence: A compound sentence contains two independent clauses. Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, and yet, so) join these independent clauses. (Hint: remember FANBOYS?) The conjunction used can impact the meaning of the sentence. Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4.
The cat was unsuccessful in his attempt to catch the mouse, and the mouse was equally as unlucky in his attempt to get the cheese. The dog had watched all of this, but he had refused to become involved. The mouse could wait until dark, or he could risk a daylight raid on the pantry. The cat usually slept during the day, yet curiosity held him at the corner of the kitchen.
Sentence breakdown:
S
V
CC
S
V
S TheS cat usually slept during the day, yet curiosity held him at the corner of the kitchen.
COSHP Semester 2, 2013/14
IAW: Chapter 7
Comparing & Contrasting
3.Complex Sentence: A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A subordinating conjunction begins the dependent clauses. A dependent clause that begins a sentence must be followed by a comma. A dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but it does not make sense on its own. Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4.
After he gave it some thought, the mouse decided to wait until later for his trek. The cat fell asleep on the warm kitchen because he was deprived of sleep the night before. When the mouse heard the soft snoring of his sleeping nemesis, he scurried to the pantry and grabbed enough food for a week. The dedicated, feline sleuth keeps his nightly vigil even though the foresighted mouse will not be venturing out this week.
Sentence Breakdown: adj
5.
&
adj SC
The dedicated, feline sleuth keeps his nightly vigil even though the foresighted mouse will not be venturing !Comma Needed!
!No Comma Needed!
out this week. List of Subordinators (i.e. subordinating conjunctions): after although as in order that at least now that wherever while before even though
how if in as much when whenever whereas as though because even if though
until unless as if as long as as much as soon since so that that
*With a complex sentence, when the dependent clause comes first, separate the clauses with a comma. When the independent clause comes first, do not separate them.
COSHP Semester 2, 2013/14
IAW: Chapter 7
Comparing & Contrasting
4.Contrast Signals (see p.118-119 IAW): Sentence Connectors 1. In contrast 2. On the other hand 3. however
Coordinating Conjunctions 1. but 2. yet
Subordinating Conjunctions 3. while 4. whereas 5. although 6. even though 7. though
Others 1. different(ly) from 2. unlike 3. differ (from) (in)
I. Sentence connectors: * Connect two independent clauses Example: Most baby animals can walk within a few hours of birth. In contrast/on the other hand/however,till end of sentence…
II. Coordinating Conjunctions (CC): * Use but when ideas are exact opposites Example:
Use
Opposite
Opposite
The language center is on the left side of the brains of right-handed people, but is on the right side of left-handed and ambidextrous people.
* Use yet when one idea is a surprising / unexpected continuation of the other idea (you could also use but in this case). Example: The left side of the brain controls logic and reasoning, yet it also controls language. …At the same time…
III. Subordinating Conjunctions: While & Whereas * Use when the ideas are exact opposites * Both can begin either clause (i.e. dependent or independent) * Comma always used (irrespective of clause order i.e. dependent-independent and vice versa) Examples: I have brown eyes, while/whereas my brother’s eyes are green. While/whereas I have brown eyes, my brother’s eyes are green.
COSHP Semester 2, 2013/14
IAW: Chapter 7
Comparing & Contrasting
Although/even though/though *Use when one idea is a surprising or unexpected continuation of the other idea. *Can start both a dependent and independent clause Examples: My grandfather is the wisest man in our town although/even though/though he never finished high school. Between DC and IC= no comma
Although/even though/though he never finished high school, my grandfather is the wisest man in town. Begins DC=
comma
IV. Others: From/Unlike *Both prepositions * Followed by noun-phrase Examples: The way left-brained people think and learn is different from the way right-brained people do. Unlike left-brainers, right-brainers often know the answer to a math problem without knowing how they got it.
Differ * is a verb Left-brain and right-brain people differ in the way they think and learn.
‌To
COSHP Semester 2, 2013/14
be Continued‌