Pwt 14 2017 black is black

WEEKLY TRANSMISSION N°14

THURSDAY 06 APRIL 2017 BLACK IS BLACK

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PHOTOGRAVURES FROM POITEVIN TO BALDUS (I) :

contents: A Primary Logistical Challenge Since the Dawn of Civilization Weekly Cartoon by Théophile: Black Is Black Baron Haussmann’s Favourite Sewer : Eugène Belgrand (1810-1878) Sewage Founds, A Selection of Photolithographs published by Belgrand WWW.PLANTUREUX.FR

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Water supply and sanitation has been a primary logistical challenge since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources or infrastructure or sanitation systems are insufficient for the population, people fall prey to disease, dehydration, and in extreme cases, death. The words "sewage" and "sewer" came from Old French essouier = "to drain", which came from Latin exaquàre. Their formal Latin antecedents are exaquàticum and exaquàrium.” The e-bulletin presents articles as well as selections of books, albums, photographs and documents as they have been handed down to the actual owners by their creators and by amateurs from past generations. The physical descriptions, attributions, origins, and printing dates of the books and photographs have been carefully ascertained by collation and through close analysis of comparable works. When items are for sale, the prices are in Euros, and Paypal is accepted.

N°14-2017: BLACK IS BLACK Previous transmissions can be found at www.plantureux.fr

Weekly Cartoon: Drouot’s Habitués by Théophile Bouchet

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Baron Haussmann’s Favourite Sewer : Eugène Belgrand (1810-1878) "Eugène Belgrand (1810-1878) was a French engineer who made significant contributions to the modernization of the Parisian sewer system during the 19th century rebuilding of Paris. Much of Belgrand's work remains in use today. Prior to 1850, the water system in Paris was inadequate for its growing population. Waste water was discharged into the Seine, a primary source of the critically limited supply of drinking water. Baron Haussmann, tasked by Napoléon III to modernize the city, appointed Eugene Belgrand as Director of Water and Sewers of Paris in March 1855. Hausmann had been impressed by the École Polytechnique graduate's application of geology to water engineering during the design of a fountain in Avallon: — Si je fus étonnéde rencontrer dans cet homme grand, chauve dont l’extérieur campagnard n’annonçait pas l’intelligence supérieure, un géologue et un hydrologue des plus forts, il me parut l’être tout autant d’avoir dans son Préfet un adepte ou tout au moins un curieux des deux sciences auxquelles il consacrait ses loisirs. Une sympathie mutuelle s’établit entre nous." (Georges Haussmann, dit baron Haussmann, 1851) Belgrand embarked on an ambitious project. The tunnels he designed were intended to be clean, easily accessible, and substantially larger than the previous Parisian underground. Eugène Belgrand took part in the renovation of Paris under the leadership of Haussman between 1852 and 1870: he created an innovating network of underground pipes to prevent Paris from being flooded. Under his guidance, Paris's sewer system expanded fourfold between 1852 and 1869. He also addressed the city's fresh water needs, constructing a system of aqueducts that nearly doubled the amount of water available per person per day and quadrupled the number of homes with running water. Belgrand remains famous for his works, consisting the Paris sewers, the aqueduct on the Vanne river between Arcueil and Cachan, the aqueduct on the Dhuis and a dam of Montsouris which stored the water. Public reaction to the improvements was overwhelmingly favourable, supported by tours of the newly constructed sewer system and a series of photographs taken by Nadar, pioneering the use of artificial lighting for photography. Belgrand shared his insights with others, writing "monumental publications" such as this portfolio of photolithographs detailing his work and the science behind it. Belgrand's projects remain "one of the most extensive urban sewer systems in the world" and served as a "transitional phase" leading to modern wastewater processing. To commemorate his work in Parisian civil engineering, Belgrand's name is one of 72 names engraved on the Eiffel Tower”

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The dark photolithographs are by Charles Bilordeaux (1846-after 1889), and by his father, the pioneer photographer Adolphe Bilordeaux (1807-1872), student of Le Gray, assistant of Poitevin and one of the founders of SociĂŠtĂŠ de Photographie in 1854.

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