WEEKLY TRANSMISSION N°31 FAMILY OF MAN:
THURSDAY 4th AUGUST 2016 THE GERTRUDE BERNHEIM ALBUM
PWT 31-2016 CONTENTS : About the History of the Jews in Alsace About the Gertrude Berheim album An Album with 96 CDV Portraits Next PWT will be organized in seven categories
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The album contains 24 leaves and 96 portraits.
The e-bulletin presents articles as well as selections of books, albums, photographs and documents as they have been handed down to the actual owners by their creators and by amateurs from past generations. The physical descriptions, attributions, origins, and printing dates of the books and photographs have been carefully ascertained by collations and through close analysis of comparable works. When items are for sale, the prices are in Euros, and Paypal is accepted.
N°31 : THE GERTRUDE BERNHEIM ALBUM
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About the History of the Jews in Alsace «The history of the Jews in Alsace is one of the oldest in Europe. It was first attested to in 1165 by Benjamin of Tudela, who wrote about a "large number of learned men" in "Astransbourg" ... it has had a continuous existence ever since it was first recorded. At its peak, in 1870, the Jewish community of Alsace numbered 35,000 people.. From the middle of the 17th century Alsace and Lorraine had to be repopulated after the bloody Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). With the annexation of Alsace to France in 1681, Catholicism was restored as the principal Christian current. However, the prohibition against Jews settling in Strasbourg... was not lifted. In 1689 the Intendant De la Grange took a census of 525 families (2/3 in Lower Alsace and 1/3 in Upper Alsace) whose majority lived in the countryside. Eight years later there were 738 families and already 1269 in 1716. In the 18th century, Herz Cerfbeer of Medelsheim, the influential merchant and philanthropist, became the first Jew to be allowed to settle in the Alsatian capital again. The French Revolution then admitted Jews back into the town. By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. Another 7500 Jews lived in neighboring Lorraine. Together they comprised three-fourths of the 40,000 Jews who lived in France at the time. Tolerance grew during the French Revolution, with full emancipation given to Protestants in 1789, Sephardic Jews in 1790, and the Ashkenazi Jews of Alsace and Lorraine in 1791. When Napoleon created the "Grand Sanhedrin" in 1806, he appointed the Chief Rabbi of Strasbourg, Joseph David Sinzheim, as its first President .... Napoleon imposed in 1806 a moratorium on repaying all debts owed to Jews, then in 1808, Napoleon imposed tight limits on Jewish money-lending, capping interest rates at 5%.» The July 20th 1808 imperial decree regarding the civil status of Jews asked to adopt within three months family names. In 1784, of the 3918 Jewish families living in Alsace, 45 % had no defined family names, using «Wolff, son of Isaac», or «Abraham son of Moyse» (who became Moyse Blum, greatgrandfather of Leon Blum). At the end of 1808, there were 770 different names for the Jewish families of Alsace... From the Restauration and the July Monarchy, the legal normalization of the Jewish community was achieved. Gradually Consistories and Grand Rabbis asked their coreligionists to exercise useful jobs, to study and show interest in sciences and arts, to avoid usury. The country communities rapidly grew between 1840 and 1860. At that time, synagogues were restored, transformed and new built. With the annexion of Alsace and Northern Lorraine to the German Empire in 1871, numerous young Jews emigrated to France, but also to the colonial territories of Northern Africa or finally to America.» (Wikipedia)
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An eminent representant of the Alsatian Bernheim family is probably Hippolyte Bernheim (1840-1919), physician and neurologist, born at Mülhausen, and chiefly known for his theory of suggestibility in relation to hypnotism. Sigmund Freud translated Bernheim's On Suggestion and its Applications to Therapy in 1888; and later described how "I was a spectator of Bernheim's astonishing experiments upon his hospital patients, and I received the profoundest impression of the possibility that there could be powerful mental processes which nevertheless remained hidden from the consciousness of man". He would later term himself a pupil of Bernheim, and it was out of his practice of Bernheim's suggestion/hypnosis that psychoanalysis would evolve. Hippolyte’s cousin Mathias Bernheim (1825-1896) — also grandson of Samuel Hirsch Bernheim (1752-1827) and Véronique Nordmann — married Gertrude Blum (1832-1898) in Hattstatt on 24 December 1857. About ten cdv portraits in the album are dedicated to Mrs Mathias Bernheim and most of the others are related. The mounts belong to different prestigious photographic Studios of Paris and also of the important early group of Jewish photographers from Alsace.
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Etienne Carjat represented Pierre Petit in Bade, He may be the author of this profile portrait.
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Gertrude Bernheim’s Album. Alsace, 1860-1863. CDV album with 96 albumen prints, 85x100 mm, original binding. With the family and friends portraits are included two cdvs of Garibaldi and Victor Hugo. Nice condition. 3.000 euros
New organization of the transmissions in 7 categories : 1. Changing Places 2. Family of Man 3. Photographers vs Non Photographers 4. CSI 5. Chemical Nightmares 6. Before Selfies 7. Imaging Old Ideas Number Thirty-First, 2016, of the Weekly Transmission has been uploaded on Thursday 4th August 2016 at 15:15 (Paris time). Forthcoming uploads and transmissions on Thursdays : Thursday 11th August, Thursday 18th August, 15:15 (Paris time). serge@plantureux.fr
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