ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT SETH MCWHORTER A Senior Design Project Presented to the College of Environment and Design University of Georgia Under the Direction of: Brian LaHaie In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement’s for the degree of Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Athens, GA Spring 2011
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT Athens Pedestrian District - 3
Athens Pedestrian District - 4
table of contents
project introduction site location site inventory/analysis site photos conceptual design master plan site plans sections character sketches construction details planting plan materials furnishings signage special thanks
4 8 9 16 18 21 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 35
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT +STATEMENT OF PURPOSE/VISION
As cities and towns all across the United States fight to augment and maintain a viable local economy, many politicians and city officials grasp at the most obvious and immediate measures. However, in doing so, those in charge often overlook solutions that hold tremendous potential to spurn growth for their communities for years—even decades—to come. This is where landscape architects enter the fold. Through new developments that build on the existing urban framework, landscape architects can design projects that will not only improve upon what is already there, but also lay the foundation for new growth, simultaneously creating new jobs and attracting new business. No better example of this type of opportunity is evident in Downtown Athens, Georgia. As a life long Athens resident, I have experienced Downtown Athens from many perspectives. My father worked in an office downtown for over 20 years, and I have seen the various changes that the area has experienced during this time. I have also experienced Downtown Athens from the perspective of a college student, and I have come realize that the area is not only the defining landmark of Athens, but to the students of the University of Georgia—it is a defining landmark of the institution. An improvement in this area is not only an investment for the area itself and the businesses that reside within it, but it is an investment in the entire city of Athens and the University of Georgia. Specifically, the improvements that I am proposing to be made are within the area of the most activity—mainly the stretch of Clayton Street from Jackson Street to Lumpkin Street, the portion of College Avenue between Broad Street and Washington Street. Many projects have been proposed for this area in the past, yet few have failed to sway city officials and the public to enact changes in the area. The vision I have created for this area not only satisfies the infrastructural, economic, aesthetic and functional needs of the downtown district, but also takes into account the various environmental issues that often exist within urban areas. +DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
The specific changes I am proposing for this area of downtown deal directly with the streetscape of these two streets (Clayton and College). I propose that the existing vehicular traffic pattern be altered to allow more space for pedestrian and commercial activity. Vehicular traffic within this area should be limited to certain times of the day, and during times of peak pedestrian activity (mainly during special events,
Athens Pedestrian District - 6
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT
football gamedays, etc.), the street should be closed to all but emergency vehicles. Closure of this area to private vehicles would allow ample space for specials events to take place including (but not limited to): concerts, markets, public art, dining space, etc. In addition to these changes in vehicular activity, streetscape elements within the area should be enhanced. Additional street trees, lighting elements, seating, planters, trash receptacles, bollards, etc should be added to facilitate pedestrian enjoyment of the space. The entire focus of these changes would be to attract potential visitors and new merchants to the area, thereby boosting the local economy. Within this project, specific evidence from similar projects will be used to demonstrate the level of economic growth that is possible from these proposed changes. While traffic and parking patterns will be altered, I will show how additional parking and traffic needs will be met. The focus of this project is not to change the defining character of Downtown Athens—it is to identify and expand upon the most successful aspects of that character in an effort to improve the Downtown area both economically and aesthetically.
+DESIGN ELEMENTS -Clayton Street -10-15’ patio retail space - this space is to be used by bars, restaurants, and retail shops for tables and chairs, as well as space to to sell items -20’ service lane - vehicular traffic save for emergencies, deliveries, and maintenance will be prohibited and controlled by pneumatic bollards located at either end of the pedestrian district -8-10’ “street accessory” space - this strip is to be used for street trees, plantings, stormwater management, as well as streetscape elements such as benches, bike racks, street lamps, bollards, and also can be used by temporary vendors sell- ing food and other items -10-12’ pedestrian space - t his area is to be used solely by pedestrians, it has been expanded to provide a more comfortable pedestrian experience -30-50’ - plaza space(s) - these areas are meant to be used for programmed and unprogrammed events -programmed events could include markets, concerts, movie screenings, demonstrations, etc. -entry plazas - these are spaces that announce the entrance to the space, they may be used to accomodate permanant art pieces such as the obelisk currently located on Broad Street, the Athena sculpture located at the Classic Center, and the Double Athens Pedestrian District - 7
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT
Barrelled Cannon located adjacent to City Hall.
+DESIGN GOALS -a stronger greenspace link from North Campus to Downtown Athens -allow businesses (both retail and food/drink) more sidewalk space for outdoor seating and sales -preservation of service (deliveries, etc.) access to businesses along Clayton & College -ample space for predestrian circulation additional space for vendors and temporary business ocurring on the street -more amenities (benches, lighting, bike racks, vegetation) for pedestrian use -more space for trees/vegetation -additional street trees -stormwater retention areas -versatile spaces for markets, concerts, art shows, recreation, etc. -enhanced paving -controlled access for vehicles to maintain pedestrian dominance of space -creation of an environment that reduces the focus/reliance on vehicles
Athens Pedestrian District - 8
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT Athens Pedestrian District - 9
greater ATHENS
downtown ATHENS
e avenu
college ave. + clayton st. ATHENS
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downtown ATHENS
e colleg
eet clayton str
greater ATHENS
college ave. + clayton st. ATHENS
site location
N OCO
IVER EE R
RTY
DOUGHE
PRINCE
$
K
HANCOC
$
S THOMA
N
E
COLLEG
$
JACKSO
N
GTO WASHIN
$
$
LUMPKIN
HULL
CLAYTON
PULASK
$
I $
BROAD
+composite site analysis PARKING (OWNED BY ACC GOVT.) PARKING UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA $ BANK BAR THEATRE/MUSIC VENUE
CHURCH/CHAPEL GOVERNMENT OFFICE HOTEL/APARTMENT/RESIDENCE SHOPPING/RETAIL RESTAURANT
UNIVERSITY PROPERTY EXISTING SURFACE PARKING LOTS GREENSPACE (PUBLIC OR PRIVATE)
site inventory/analysis DENOTES ONE-WAY TRAFFIC TRAFFIC LIGHT
ACC BUS LINE RAIL LINE LOCAL TRAFFIC LIGHT TRAFFIC MEDIUM TRAFFIC HEAVY TRAFFIC
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university of georgia business/retail entertainment government parking structure hotel church/chapel bank
+structure use map
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site inventory/analysis
UGA civic/government business (office/retail) parking bar bank restaurant hotel/residence church radius = 1/8 mile
PUBLIC PARKING AREA(lots/decks)
+parcel use map Flirt Boutique
Cillies Clothing
Lamar Lewis Shoes Aurum Studios
+walkability map
The Red Zone
Transmetropolitan
Native America
40’-55’
Wuxtry Records
Frontier
Bang-On
28’-35’
Kum’s Sunglasses and Shoes Horton’s Drug Store
par kin
ines
gm
24’ stre et t ree s
dth sidewalk wi 10’-12’
45’
12’
s th
resh olds
20’
g sp ace s
ligh t po sts
cros swa lks
125’
ete rs
30’-40’
par kin
bus
site inventory/analysis 17’
10’-14’
+streetscape axon
dth parking wi
200’
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Zone 1 -55 parking spaces -25 street trees -28 store fronts -2 apartment entries Zone 2 -20 parking spaces -12 street trees -13 store fronts -0 apartment entries Zone 3 -32 parking spaces -19 street trees -18 store fronts -4 apartment entries Zone 4 -16 parking spaces -18 street trees -16 store fronts -5 apartment entries
college
2
3
lc ayton
TOTALS -118 parking spaces -74 street trees -75 store fronts -11 apartment entries Athens Pedestrian District - 14
4
college
1
n o t y a cl
site inventory/analysis
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT Athens Pedestrian District - 15
site inventory/analysis
+courtesy: Batson Cook Development Athens Pedestrian District - 16
+ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS/VERNACULAR -taking cues from the existing architecture and placing them into the landscape is essential in designing a streetscape that complements the architecture -these analysis graphics, created by Batson Cook Development, catalog the various architectural details that make each building facade unique and interesting
site inventory/analysis
+courtesy: Batson Cook Development Athens Pedestrian District - 17
Athens Pedestrian District - 18
site photos
site photos
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convert to two way street parking deck access
entry plaza market/ event space
controlled access bollards
market/ event space entry plaza
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conceptual design
convert to two way street
parking deck access
entry plaza 2 lanes - no parking
market/ event space entry plaza
conceptual design
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patio/outdoor seating space pedestrian circulation streetscape “elements” vehicular traffic streetscape “elements” pedestrian circulation patio/outdoor seating space
patio/outdoor seating space pedestrian circulation streetscape “elements” on street parking vehicular vehi icular traffic traaffic on street parking streetscape “elements” pedestrian circulation patio/outdoor seating space
+STREETSCAPE CONFIGURATIONS/”PARTIS” -using simple, schematic graphics to explore the different possibilities of streescape design, the design for each individual street is explored -some configurations are used in various areas of the exisiting urban area, while some are designs that could potentially be used to create a more successful pedestrian experience
patio/outdoor seating space pedestrian circulation streetscape “elements” plaza/greenspace streetscape “elements” pedestrian circulation patio/outdoor seating space
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patio/outdoor seating space pedestrian circulation streetscape “elements” on street parking vehicular vehi icular traffic traaffic streetscape “elements” pedestrian circulation patio/outdoor seating space
conceptual design
WASHINGTON STREET
1
Washington Street Entry Plaza
2 Proposed College Ave. Parking Deck Entrance 3 Market/Event Space
2
1
4 2 Lane - One Way - Traffic - Clayton Street 5 College Ave.. Market/Event Space 6 Temporary Event Structure
11
7 Broad Street Entry Plaza 8 Sidewalk 3
9 Patio/Outdoor Seating Space 10 Streetscape “Accessory” Space 11 College Avenue Parking Deck
HEATRE
9
JACKSON STREET
LUMPKIN STREET
3
4 10
8
5
6 7
BROAD STREET Athens Pedestrian District - 23
College Avenue Parkinvg Deck pedestrian entrance
raised entrance plaza (+2’) plaza space
temporary concert/event structure outdoor seating/patio space market/event space
market/vendor tent
entry steps - 6� (x5)
relocated obelisk
pedestrian space trash receptacle
bollard
lamp/signage post
person
legend - site features
site plan - upper college ave.
bicycle rack
brick
tree grate
pervious concrete
cafe table/umbrella
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bench
outdoor seating/patio area pedestrian space streetscape “accessory� space
bioremediation/plating area Clayton Street - one way, two lanes
site plan - clayton st.
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90’
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15’
12’
8’
20’
8’
12’
15’
PATIO OUTDOOR SEATING RETAIL SPACE
PEDESTRIAN SPACE
STREET TREES BENCHES BOLLARDS STREET LAMPS
2 DELIVERY LANES
STREET TREES BENCHES BOLLARDS STREET LAMPS
PEDESTRIAN SPACE
PATIO OUTDOOR SEATING RETAIL SPACE
section - clayton street
110’ 15’
20’
8’
30’
8’
20’
15’
PATIO OUTDOOR SEATING RETAIL SPACE
PEDESTRIAN SPACE
STREET TREES BENCHES BOLLARDS STREET LAMPS
PLAZA SPACE
STREET TREES BENCHES BOLLARDS STREET LAMPS
PEDESTRIAN SPACE
PATIO OUTDOOR SEATING RETAIL SPACE
section - college avenue
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character sketch - clayton
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character sketch - college
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3
1 " 2
3
1/4" X 2" STEEL TAB
CONCRETE ANCHOR BOLT
SLOTTED 7/16" X 3/4"
1 " 2
FOR CONCRETE ANCHOR SHOP WELDED TO FRAME existing concrete sidewalk
(TYP. 8 PLCS. PER FRAME)
COncrete curb (3000 PSI @ 28 days)
6"
1/2" expansion joint
COncrete curb electrical (3000 PSI @ 28 days)
6"
compacted subgrade
1'-6" 1/2" DIA. ST. STL. BOLT WASHER (3 PCS)
1/2" expansion joint
6"
4" concrete slab
existing concrete ANCHOR BOLTS slab
6" aggregate base
6" aggregate base 2'-10"
2'-10"
compacted subgrade #4 rebar (both ways)to Concrete Tree Grate- 12"- O.C. Connection
existing concrete sidewalk
compacted subgrade #4 rebar - 12"Bollard O.C. (both ways) Standard
scale: 2”=1’-0”
scale: 3/4”=1’-0”
7'
+bioremediation cell detail Bioretention Planter
1/2" Radius (typ.)
scale: 1/2”=1’-0”
Stairs to Brick Sidewalk Con
COncrete Stair (3000 PSI @ 28 days) #4 rebar - 12" O.C. (both ways)
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT - CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
1% Slope On Tread (Typ.)
6"
COncrete curb (3000 PSI @ 28 days)
1'-6"
6"
1/2" expansion joint 8"
existing concrete slab
1'-6"
6" aggregate base compacted subgrade
1/2" expansion joint 2x4x8" brick pavers 1/2" mortar setting bed 4" COncrete Slab (3000 PSI @ 28 days) 6" aggregate base compacted subgrade
#4 rebar - 12" O.C. (both ways)
1'-6"
+concrete stair detail
scale: 1/2”=1’-0” Athens Pedestrian District - 30
construction details
Stairs to Brick Sidewalk Connection
scale: 3/4”=1’-0”
GRATE 1-3/4"X1-3/4"X1/4" STEEL ANGLE
brick PAVER 1/4" thick x 2" steel tab
1/2" mortar setting bed
slotted 7/16" x 3/4" for concrete anchor
5"
(typ. 8 plcs. per frame) Concrete anchor bolt
2
1 " 2
GRATE
1 1 2" 3
1 " 2 1 " 2
1 " 2
compacted subgrade
LISTED DIMENSION
CONCRETE ANCHOR BOLT
1 " 2
GRATE
+tree grate to brick paver detail
Tree Grate - Connection to Brick Pavers
SHOP WELDED TO FRAME (TYP. 8 PLCS. PER FRAME)
existing concrete sidewalk
LISTED DIMENSION compacted subgrade
SLOTTED 7/16" X 3/4"
1 " 2
1/2" DIA. ST. STL. BOLT WASHER (3 PCS)
LAMP
LOCKING SCREWS
3 CONCRETE ANCHOR BOLT
scale: 2”=1’-0”
REMOVABLE FINIAL electrical
1-3/4"X1-3/4"X1/4" STEEL ANGLE CUT CONCRETE 1" LARGER THAN TREE GRATE
1/4" X 2" STEEL TAB
LAMP
LOCKING SCREWS
3
SLOTTED 7/16" X 3/4" FOR CONCRETE ANCHOR
1 1 2" 3
REMOVABLE FINIAL
1-3/4"X1-3/4"X1/4" STEEL ANGLE CUT CONCRETE 1" LARGER THAN TREE GRATE
1/4" X 2" STEEL TAB
2
existing concrete sidewalk
ANCHOR BOLTS
+tree grate to concrete sidewalk detail
existing concrete sidewalk
FOR CONCRETE ANCHOR
SHOP WELDED TO FRAME
(TYP. 8 PLCS. PER FRAME)
Tree Grate - Connection to Concrete
existing concrete sidewalk
compacted subgrade
scale: 2”=1’-0” COncrete curb (3000 PSI @ 28 days)
Standard electrical Bollard
1/2" expansion joint
6" ANCHOR BOLTS 6"
4" concrete slab
construction details
scale: 3/4”=1’-0”
1/2" DIA. ST. STL. BOLT WASHER (3 PCS)
existing concrete sidewalk
6" aggregate 1/2" baseRadius (typ.)
Tree Grate - Connection to Concrete
compacted subgrade COncrete Stair scale: 2”=1’-0” (3000 PSI @ 28 days)
Standard Bollard
rebar - 12" O.C. (both ways) #4 rebar - 12" O.C.#4 (both ways)
2'-10"
+standard bollard detail scale: 3/4”=1’-0” Athens Pedestrian District - 31
2'-1
Sweet Olive (12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN
(18) Osmanthus fragrans (12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN Sweet Olive (12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN
(12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN
Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option 1 Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option 1
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0” Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
(2) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE (15) Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ (2) Andropogon virginicus CONVEX LEAF HOLLY BROOMSEDGE (15) Ilexvirginicus crenata ‘Convexa’ (6) Andropogon CONVEX LEAF HOLLY BROOMSEDGE Location of Sidewalk/Biorentention Planters
(2) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE (2) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE (5) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE (5) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE
Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option 2
Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option (44) Juncus effusus 2
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0” Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
SOFT RUSH
(6) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE
(59) Chasmanthium latifolium INLAND SEA OATS
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT - Planting Plan ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT - Planting Plan Planting Plan - Bioretention Planter
(67) Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’ BLACK EYED SUSAN
planting plan - clayton st.
Athens Pedestrian District - 32
Trees
Qty.
Size
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
Botanical Name
Common Name
Spacing
Location of Sidewalk/Biorentention Planters
(44) Juncus effusus SOFT RUSH
(10) Ulmus parvifolia LACEBARK ELM
(59) Chasmanthium latifolium INLAND SEA OATS
(10) Quercus phellos WILLOW OAK
Planting Plan - Street Trees
(67) Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’ BLACK EYED SUSAN
Scale: 1”=30’
Planting Plan - Bioretention Planter
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
(44) Juncus effusus SOFT RUSH
(18) Osmanthus fragrans Sweet Olive
(12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN
Trees
Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option 1
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
Shrubs (2) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE
(12) Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN
Qty.
10 10
4.5” Cal. 4.5” Cal.
Botanical Name
Perennials/Grasses
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0”
15 24 18
1 gal. container (2) Andropogon virginicus 1 gal. container BROOMSEDGE 3 gal. container (15) Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ CONVEX LEAF HOLLY
59 44 67 15
1 1 1 1
gal. container (6) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE gal. container gal. container gal. container
ScheduleDISTRICT - Planting Plan ATHENSPlant PEDESTRIAN
(59) Chasmanthium latifolium INLAND SEA OATS
Common Name
Spacing (67) Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’ BLACK EYED SUSAN
Quercus phellos Planting Plan - Bioretention Willow PlanterOak Scale: 1-1/2”=1’-0” As Shown on plan Ulmus parvifolia ‘Allee’ Lacebark Elm As Shown on plan Qty.
(5) Andropogon virginicus BROOMSEDGE
Planting Plan - Sidewalk Planter - Option 2
Size
Location of Sidewalk/Biorentention Planters
Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ Rhaphiolepis Shrubs indica Osmanthus fragrans Trees
Perennials/Grasses
10 10 15 24 18
Size
Botanical Name
Convex Leaf Holly Quercus phellos Ulmus parvifolia ‘Allee’ Indian Hawthorn 1 gal. container Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ Sweet Olive 1 gal. container Rhaphiolepis indica 4.5” Cal. 4.5” Cal.
3 gal. container
Osmanthus fragrans
1 gal. container Chasmanthium latifolium Chasmanthium latifolium 59 Inland Sea Oats 44 1 gal. container Juncus effusus 67 1 gal. container Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’ Juncus effusus Soft Rush 15 1 gal. container Andropogon virginicus Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’ Black Eyed Susan Plant Schedule Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge
Common Name
3’Willow O.C. Oak Lacebark Elm 3’ O.C. Convex Leaf Holly 4’ O.C. Indian Hawthorn Sweet Olive Inland Sea Oats 12" O.C. Soft Rush Black Eyed Susan 18" O.C. Broomsedge 12" O.C. 24" O.C.
Spacing
As Shown on plan As Shown on plan 3’ O.C. 3’ O.C. 4’ O.C. 12" 18" 12" 24"
O.C. O.C. O.C. O.C.
seth mcwhorter
planting plan - clayton st.
seth mcwhorter
Athens Pedestrian District - 33
+porous concrete paving
+bioretention cell
+porous brick paving
+bike rack
materials/site furnishings +tree grate
Athens Pedestrian District - 34
+picnic table +bollard
+bench
+decorative lamp post
materials/site furnishings
+trash receptacle Athens Pedestrian District - 35
Athens Pedestrian District - 36
WELCO
WELCO
WELCO WELCO
+wayfinding signage
GIA EOR
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA CITY HALL CITY HALL RIVER RIVER DISTRICT DISTRICT SHOPPING/FOOD SHOPPING/FOOD MULTIMODAL CENTERCENTER MULTIMODAL
ATHTEONSATHENS O T G ME ME G
GIA EOR
GIA EOR GIA EOR
ATHTOENASTHENS O T G G ME ME
PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT S GS GS GS G W W W W A A A A D D D D GO GO GO GO
+entry signage
signage
ATHENS PEDESTRIAN DISTRICT
+BIBLIOGRAPHY/SPECIAL THANKS -SENIOR PROJECT PROFESSOR - Brian LaHaie -PROJECT ADVISORS - Josh Koons, Erik Ladd (Koons Environmental Design), Doug Pardue (Associate Professor, University of Georgia) -Batson Cook Development (analysis graphics)
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