FLUID DYNAMICS
Statics
Dynamic
p
3
= 10 kg/m3
w
Venturi Tube
100 P
1P A2 v 2
water
A1 v 1 hydraulic pressure system
N = Pascals m2
F P = A
(h is equal)
P = Po +
P1 +
A2
phg
water pressure at a given point
A1 v 1
v2
A1
=
A2 v 2
2
v1
Law of Conservation h1
P1 - P2 = h2
h2
h1
pg (h2 - h1 )
- continuity - conservation of momentum - conservation of energy
p v2 1
1 2
p v2 2
1 2
p
(v -v 2
2
1
2
1 2
A1 v 1
=
A2 v 2
)
=
1 2
( A1 ) A2
1 2
= P2 + =
P2 - P1
,
P1 + p v 1 + phg 1 = P 2 + phg 2 +
1 2
p
p
p v2
,
2
( v 21 -
2
v1
2
v2
) ,
(- ( AA ) ) 1
2
water pressure at two points
phg density
height
gravity
+ weight (mg) piston gas
P = Patm +
static
mg
rotation direction
A
gas pressure in compression
+ +
spinning ball
velocity is higher here , pressure is lower here
A1 v1
0 +
phg
= 10
5
Pascals velocity is lower here , pressure is higher here
atmospheric pressure
A2
v2 airfoil
dynamic
Crossflow and Vortex development studies developed using a wind tunnel
Velocity Magnitudes studies developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Fluent 6.3
Arabic wind tower Dubai Showing system of pressure systems inducing air movement
The Masdar Headquarters in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE, will be the world's first large-scale, mixed-use, positive-energy building (above). The design consists of eleven glass-enclosed wind cones
CFD software was used to model the building geometry and surrounding wind patterns. Hot winds traveling at high velocities around and over the cone openings create low pressure areas, inducing airflow out of the cones. The cone’s shape captures cool air moving in the opposite direction.
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture
+ +
-
+
-
Pressure systems Pressure reactive components and differentiation in height and pressure creates space.
D
Paper based triangular component used in previous structural design exploration. These components became a load bearing facade system. This was planar, although there is potential for vertical generation
Shamsul Akmal - Self organizing material research
Connecting triangular component at their three ends at different angles
Connecting to get height and load bearing experiment
Connecting to get height and load bearing experiment
A
B
Two seperate component generation systems
A +
B
Two seperate component generation systems layered
Component misconnection and limitation of generation In physical model these can be forced to connect, but if symmetry lines are followed strictly the components will not connect
Component misconnection and limitation of generation This connection issue can be resolved by using a connecter component in the form of a ‘X’
Tensegrity studies for verticality
Tension members compressing components
Tension members enclosing the components which are its constraints
Enclosure tension members forming support for a vertical connection
Tensegrity studies for verticality
Adding more components to add height
Testing of expansion
Testing of compression
Tensegrity studies for verticality
Tensegrity studies for verticality Bending of system
Eyebeam Atelier Museum of Art and Technology New York NY 2001 Preston Scott Cohen
8.636
8.128
7.620
7.112
6.604
6.096
5.588 5.080
4.572
4.064
3.556 3.048
2.540
2.032
1.524
1.016
Return Stroke 0.508
Power Stroke The expansion/contraction of these thermal actuators can be utilized to control the opening range of the panels.
0
-5.5
-0.4
1.1
5.0
15.3
22.1
30.3
39.2
43.3
51.2
55.2
59.2
60.2
66.2
Expansion Curve
Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Rostra Vernatherm, LLC http://www.rostravernatherm.com/thermal-actuators.htm
thermo actuator
thermo actuator
Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Component panels and location of thermo actuator to amplify opening
Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Surface generation studies with plane, curved and double curved surface