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Energy consumption and urban texture
The effects of urban texture on building energy consumption has been experimented through this research . According to Senseable city lab research the analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs)—raster models of cities which have proven to be very effective in the urban context has become a base study model for the initial steps towards form generation. What has been done through thier research is,introducing different algorithms, including the calculation of the urban surface-to-volume ratio and the identification of all building areas that are within 6 m from a fac¸ade (passive areas). An established computer model to calculate energy consumption in buildings, the LT model, is coupled with the analysis of DEMs, providing energy simulations over extensive urban areas. Results for the three case study cities of London, Toulouse and Berlin are presented and discussed. What has been done so far in this research is taking their methodology to create an energy efficient geometry by considering its surface to volume ration relationship.
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aSENSEable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA bThe Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 6 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB22EB, UK
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PARLIAMENT STREET
SHERBOURNE STREET
JARVIS STREET
YONGE STREET
BAY STREET
YORK STREET
LOWER SIMCOE STREET
JOHN STREET
SPADINA AVENUE
BATHURST STREET
SEE DETAIL MAP #2
SEE DETAIL MAP #5 SEE DETAIL MAP #6
SEE DETAIL MAP #4
LCBO
SEE DETAIL MAP #3 Future East Bayfront Precinct
SEE DETAIL MAP #1
PARKING
U/C/2003
U/C/2003 U/C/2003
Redpath Sugar
Harbour Castle
PARKING
Music Garden
MT 27
Silo
Future HTO Park
Harbourfront Centre
site
site
L
TERMINAL QUAY
PARLIAMENT SLIP
YONGE QUAY
JARVIS SLIP
YORK QUAY
YONGE SLIP
JOHN QUAY
YORK SLIP
MAPLE LEAF QUAY
SIMCOE SLIP
SPADINA QUAY
REES SLIP
BATHURST QUAY
PETER SLIP
NNE
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SPADINA SLIP
RN
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The thesis focused on designing an environmental shared infrastructure 1 that shape our lives, our relationships with each other, the opportunities we enjoy, and the environment we share. Infrastructure commons are ubiquitous and essential to our social and economic systems. The methodology that has been deployed to deliver this concept has been started by the scientific graphical analysis 2 followed by artistic graphcal analysis 3 . Final products are series of envelope systems embody this infrastructure that is a reflection of cultural influence , which draw cities, societies, and states into larger transnational relationships and global political economies. The graph illustrate the South East view of the site exposed to lake side. Same iteration is repeated on the North West corner exposed to city side.
Canada Malting Silos
PORTLAND SLIP
FP
Queens Quay Terminal
QUEEN ELIZABETH DOCKS
1 Traditional infrastructure is a large scale, physical resources or facilities made by humans for public consumption, for example; road systems and telephone networks. Environmental infrastructure viewed as a natural infrastructure, for examples; purification of air and water, decomposition of wastes, regulation of climate, and production of biodiversity. These social values by serving as shared means to many ends: infrastructure resources enable, frame, and support a wide range of human activities and generally are accessible to all members of a community. 35 Ecology L.Q. 151 (2008) Environmental Infrastructure; Frischmann, Brett M.
BUILT FORM PARKING PUBLIC SPACE
2 It is based on the analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs)—raster models of cities, which have proven to be very effective in the urban context. An established computer model to calculate energy consumption in buildings, DEMs analysis is using MATLAB Software for doing numerical computation with matrices and vectors. This image processing analysis produces elaborate graphic outputs. Ratti, C., Baker, N. & Steemers, K. (2005) Energy Consumption and Urban Texture. Energy and Buildings, 37:7, pp. 762-776
HERITAGE SITE
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100
250
500 meters
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CENTRAL WATERFRONT INNOVATIVE DESIGN COMPETITION
3 Graphical illustration
URBAN PATTERN Wes
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Site context analysis - micro scale In the micro scale ( 1: 1500 ) analysis of the site , the project takes the steps of looking elaborately at each existing built form in the site. There are six existing buildings located around the project site study area. In the following pages, a brief description and historical background of each existing built form has been depicted and illustrated. Lak
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Media Wall - south and north Elemental Wall - east and west In addition to acting as a skin, facades have considerable influence on the external appearance of a building. They can be used to provide information or project an image to the public.
Hausladen, Gerhard, Michael . Saldanha, and Petra Liedl. Climateskin: Building-skin Concepts That Can Do More with Less Energy. Basel: Birkh채user, 2008. Print.
The design of the facades on South and North have been developed through the initial concept of influence of media as a cultural medium in a global city. This media facade can communicate or announce information to its city dwellers on North wheras this communication function as a media gateway to its city commuters on the lake side. The media facade is taking advantages of digital wire mesh technology to show graphics, lighting and videos. The metal wire mesh cladding covering a total surface area of 1,720 square meters on both side. The facades are semi-transparent surfaces. This digital media technology applied on the curtain wall, taking advantages of photovol taic system integrated to the glass on south which protects the interior program area from excessive sunlight, harvesting solar energy by day and using it to illuminate the screen after dark. This media wall is being easy-to-clean, maintenance-free, and carrying out the zero energy concept.
N north Media Wall - south and
/
Elemental Wall - east and west
# CONCEPT - DIAGRAM - SURFACE
The design of the facades on South and North have been developed through the initial concept of influence of media as a cultural medium in a global city. This media facade can communicate or announce information to its city dwellers on North wheras this communication function as a media gateway to its city commuters on the lake side. The media facade is taking advantages of digital wire mesh technology E to show graphics, lighting and videos. The metal 3 wire mesh cladding covering a total surface area of 1,720 square meters on both side. The facades are semi-transparent surfaces. This digital media technology applied on the curtain wall, taking advantages of photovol taic system integrated to the glass on south which protects the interior program area from excessive sunlight, harvesting solar energy by day and using it to illuminate the screen after dark. This media 1 wall is being easy-to-clean, maintenance-free, and carrying out the zero energy concept.
250
2
5
4
W
E
ENVELOPE SURFACE
1200 sqm
2 x 1200 = 1400 sqm
ENVELOPE SURFACE
900 sqm
2 x 900 = 1800 sqm
Elemental facade
For users to accept a technical system, they must be able to understand its function and receive feedback as directly as possible about its operational state. If this is not the case, user confidence is eroded, which limits the feeling of well being.
Hausladen, Gerhard, Michael . Saldanha, and Petra Liedl. Climateskin: Building-skin Concepts That Can Do More with Less Energy. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008. Print.
Elemental facade are made up of prefabricated recyclable copper fins. This elemental facade has integrated solar screening system providing the required power on site. They have been installed in an appropriate spacing , shaping semi transparent surface which add fine nuances to the layers inside. All solid plane’s edge dyed in color to illustrate better accentuation. The skin, play from one floor above the ground leave the public ground independent. At several circumstances on the surface, opening play a major role for its visitors to have a varsatile overlook to its surrounding.
Elemental Wall
N
# CONCEPT - DIAGRAM - SURFACE
Elemental facade are made up of prefabricated recyclable copper fins. This elemental facade has integrated solar screening system providing the required power on site. They have been installed in an appropriate spacing, shaping semi transparent surface which add fine nuances to the layers inside. All solid plane’s edge dyed in color to illustratebetter accentuation. The skin, play from one floor E 3 above the ground leave the public ground independent. At several circumstances on the surface, opening play a major role for its visitors to have a varsatile overlook to its surrounding.
1 250
2 ENVELOPE SURFACE
5
4
W S
1200 sqm
4 x 1200 = 4800 sqm
ROOF SURFACE
1800 sqm
Sundeck Roof Top
# CONCEPT - DIAGRAM N - SURFACE
250
In the preliminary analysis regards to environmental concern, the roof has been developed a similar design strategies following the initial design concept for the facades. Plantings, along with green roof technology, enhance the portions of the roof accessible from the roof top program areas. The roof developed an area of 1500 sqm of small green infrastructure which has a high performance environmental profile to reduce stormwater runoff. It also offers small public programs such as sundeck roof which has an unobE structed sun and views over the Toronto Island. Views to the city skyline can be enjoyed at this location. The straight3 ened system of modular pre-cast concrete tapering into planting beds together with undulated sundeck gathering spaces elevate the experience of existing contexual effect of HTO water front park plus undulated wavedeck on top of one of the prominent location in central waterfront. 1
2
Roof as fifth facade, small green infrastructure
In the preliminary analysis regards to environmen tal concern, the roof has been developed a similar design strategies following the initial design concept for the facades. Plantings, along with green roof technology, enhance the portions of the roof accessible from the roof top program areas. The roof developed an area of 1500 sqm of small green infrastructure which has a high performance environmental profile to reduce stormwater runoff. It also offers small public programs such as sundeck roof which has an unobstructed sun and views over the Toronto Island. Views to the city skyline can be enjoyed at this location. The straightened system of modular pre-cast concrete tapering into planting beds together with undulated sundeck gathering spaces elevate the experience of existing contexual effect of HTO water front park plus undulated wavedeck on top of one of the prominent location in central waterfront.
ENVELOPE SURFACE
5
4
W
1200 sqm
4 x 1200 = 4800 sqm
ROOF SURFACE
1800 sqm
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1. Maintenance 2. Boiler Room 3. Klin House 4. Working House 5. Germinating
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Buildings:
1928
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7. Silos 8. Head House
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Buildings: 9. Maintenance
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# HISTORY - PROGRAM - SITE
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11. Klin House 12. Germinating 13. Silos 14. Marine Leg 2
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Buildings: 16. 1952 Addition 17. Refrigeration Plant
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TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS
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19. 1961 Addition 20. 1950 Shed 21. Warehouse
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Retail store parking space West Entrance /Exiting Lobby Parking ramp East Entrance /Exiting Lobby Hotel / Short stay residenttial common space Hotel / Short stay residenttial Atrium Unit type A - Double height Duplex 140 sqm Unit type B - Double height Duplex Hotel / Short stay residenttial West/East Balcony Hotel / Short stay residenttial exit corridor / atrium balcony
Toronto Central Waterfront Canadian Malting Silo In addition to acting as a skin, facades have considerable influence on the external appearance of a building. They can be used to provide information or project an image to the Hausladen, Gerhard, Michael . Saldanha, and Petra Liedl. Climateskin: Building-skin Concepts That Can Do More with Less Energy. Basel: Birkh채user, 2008. Print.
Silo Park
# CONCEPT - DIAGRAM - SURFACE N
In the preliminary analysis regards to environmental concern, the project takes the steps forward proposing the juxtaposition of the two simple form with diffrenet surfaces. The final design steps was to create a delicate touch at the grade level of two elevated form. What has been propsed is the public park respecting the footprint of the heritage building on site. The form comes as the viewing platform with diffrent play of the materiality in terms of pattern.
3
1 250
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5 Park
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E ROOF SURFACE
1800 sqm
ENVELOPE SURFACE
1200 sqm
2 x 1200 = 1400 sqm
ENVELOPE SURFACE
900 sqm
2 x 900 = 1800 sqm
ENVELOPE SURFACE
1200 sqm
4 x 1200 = 4800 sqm
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Waterfront School; City School; The Harbourfront Community Centre St. Stephen’s Daycare
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Waterfront School; City School; The Harbourfront Community Centre St. Stephen’s Daycare
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TAXIS -PICK UP PLATFORM
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Canadian Malting Silo Waterfront School; City School; The Harbourfront Community Centre St. Stephen’s Daycare Existing 2 storey heritage brick building Park Storage - Washroom Two Story Terminal Building Future Terminal Building
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Energy consumption and urban texture
35
aSENSEable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA bThe Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 6 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB22EB, UK
5.5 10.5
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Carlo Rattia,*, Nick Bakerb, Koen Steemersb
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The surface-to-volume ratio is an interesting descriptor of urban texture. It defines the amount of exposed building envelope per unit volume, and can be used in a number of different applications (possibly, estimating the quantity of fac¸ade-paint necessary per unit built urban fabric). Its relevance to the energy consumption of buildings, however, must be considered carefully. Minimising heat losses during the winter requires minimisation of the surface-to-volume ratio; but this implies a reduction of the building envelope exposed to the outside environment, thus reducing the availability of daylight and sunlight and increasing energy consumption for artificial lighting, natural ventilation, etc. the main energy distinction to be drawn within buildings is a function of the exposure to the outside environment. This concept is made explicit with the definition of passive and non-passive zones, which quantify the potential of each part of a building to use daylight, sunlight and natural ventilation. By a simple rule of thumb, based on empirical observations, all perimeter parts of buildings lying within 6 m of the fac¸ade, or twice the ceiling height, are classified passive, while all the other zones are considered non-passive.
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PARKING EXPLODED AXO
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Access from public plaza - lake access - ramp to first programmed parking level
PARKING EXPLODED AXO
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Existing drop off plan by city parking ramp to upper floors parking entrance lobby Typical floors 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 - programmed space - retai - parking spots
10.3
Typical floor , parking level Typical fllor - event space roof garden - sundeck spots
6.8
roof top restaurant parking ramp elemental facades
1.5
UAY EIREANN Q PASSENG ER DROP OFF AND PICK UP AREA TPA USE AREA
Circulation pattern
3
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aSENSEable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA bThe Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, 6 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB22EB, UK
MARCH 2012 APRIL
2012
APRIL
2014
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS TRANSFORMATION
Scale: 1: 15
Carlo Rattia,*, Nick Bakerb, Koen Steemersb
services loading
# HISTORY - PROGRAM - SITE
Site Observations : Design Sketch Notes:What has been concluded with the site observation is the fact that the planning for passenger drop off and pick up is correspond appropriately to the existing site condition. To take the furthur step towards car park design, the thesis would take the advantage of this pre planned stage to include it as an appropriate approach for the ground Oloor of the car park by just adding some changes in accordance to design parti.
TAXIS -PICK UP PLATFORM
Site Observations ( Parking ) : There are two parallel site analysis and research contributed to the recently changed context on Canadian Malting Silo site. These two analysis came from 1. The found documents on the Toronto port Authority website ( www.torontoport.com/.../Pedestrian-‐Tunnel-‐Construction-‐Plan.aspx ) 2. Site observation made by the author In Construction plan for proposed pedestrian tunnel -‐ Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport -‐ Revision 5 May 8 2012 ; the trafOic managemengt section 4 have been dedicated to the transport condition through the construction phase. The analysis have been illustrated in diagrams 1 , and the newly developed plan permitted by city of toronto to be constructed by PCL. Design Sketch Notes: What has been concluded with the site observation is the fact that the planning for passenger drop off and pick up is correspond appropriately to the existing site condition. To take the furthur step towards car park design, the thesis would take the advantage of this pre planned stage to include it as an appropriate approach for the ground Oloor of the car park by just adding some changes in accordance to design parti.
TRANSIT STOP
BUS
6 SITE SURFACES TEXTURES
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pedestrian tunnel
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Canadian Malting Silo Soft surface Existing 2 storey heritage brick building Canadian Malting Silo Hard surface Drop off / Pick up Platform Rainwater collector pool Property Lines
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New Terminal Building
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Point
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Graph Theory
Many real world situations can be described by using diagrams consisting of a set of points with lines joining certain pairs of these points. For examples the points could represent communication centres, with line representing communication links. In such diagrams one is mainly interested in whether or not two given points are joined by a line. A mathematical abstraction of this type gives rise to the concept of a graph.
# GRAPH THEORY
Point
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GRAFT DATA_TREE
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point attractor
Roof coordinate
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roof_SQGRID
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OFFSET
The initial visualization of elemental facade pattern started following Senseable city lab methodology research on urban textureand energy performance method - illustartion and graphics - the most appropriate mathematical algorithm to develope the facade is data manipulation algorithm. In this method, the data is stored in as list in the format of tree branches. Each node consider as a child with its related parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s node. In this pattern lines consider as arrays of points which can be manipulated by data tree algorithm. Finally to move lines, they need to be defined as curve with controlling points. Same algorithm can be applied on roof by slight changes in order to create the peel off effect for sundeck seating area. The script is the logic behind the data manipulation in graph tree. O XY P S The formation of fins into solid surface has not been illustrated. S
The initial visualization of elemental facade pattern started following Senseable city lab methodology research on urban textureand energy performance method - illustartion and graphics - the most appropriate mathematical algorithm to develope the facade is data manipulation algorithm. In this method, the data is stored in as list in the format of tree branches. Each node consider as a child with its related parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s node. In this pattern lines consider as arrays of points which can be manipulated by data tree algorithm. Finally to move lines, they need to be defined as curve with controlling points. Same algorithm can be applied on roof by slight changes in order to create the peel off effect for sundeck seating area. The script is the logic behind the data manipulation in graph tree. The formation of fins into solid surface has not been illustrated.
L
Rethinking Building Dwelling
Toronto Mid Block Transformation now is the time that gods emerge from the things by which we dwell. “ amen ”
The project begin with an examination of small scale residential architecture , the single family house looking at dwelling as a issue of an evolving or changing sense of cultural domesticity and interrogating the relationship between interior containment and enclosure and access to exterior space and landscape. The model of courtyard house in its multiple variations around the globe will serve as precedent and a threshold of departure for development of efective courtyard housing in a northern climate, Toronto with its seasonal variations. Research will comence with case studies of cultural models and consi deration of green technologies. The relationship of interior and exterior are par amount concernsas is the performance of the building envelope as an operati onal responsive mechanism. Rethinking , building, dwelling is in reference to the research has been taken as a field trip to Solar Decathlon 2011. There are several thought that has been explored in reserach , including facade fabrication technologies, material performance, structural strategies, and urban sensitivity. The project has been established based on the concept of “minimum dwelling” and experiments stablishing principles for responsible residential architecture in art district of Toronto.
Silo Park
# CONCEPT - DIAGRAM - SURFACE
In the preliminary analysis regards to environmental concern, the project takes the steps forward proposing the juxtaposition of the two simple form with diffrenet surfaces. The final design steps was to create a delicate touch at the grade level of two elevated form. What has been propsed is the public park respecting the footprint of the heritage building on site. The form comes as the viewing platform with diffrent play of the materiality in terms of pattern.
250
Rethinking Building Dwelling
Toronto Mid Block Transformation now is the time that gods emerge from the things by which we dwell. “ amen ”
The project begin with an examination of small scale residential architecture , the single family house looking at dwelling as a issue of an evolving or changing sense of cultural domesticity and interrogating the relationship between interior containment and enclosure and access to exterior space and landscape. The model of courtyard house in its multiple variations around the globe will serve as precedent and a threshold of departure for development of efective courtyard housing in a northern climate, Toronto with its seasonal variations. Research will comence with case studies of cultural models and consi deration of green technologies. The relationship of interior and exterior are par amount concernsas is the performance of the building envelope as an operati onal responsive mechanism. Rethinking , building, dwelling is in reference to the research has been taken as a field trip to Solar Decathlon 2011. There are several thought that has been explored in reserach , including facade fabrication technologies, material performance, structural strategies, and urban sensitivity. The project has been established based on the concept of “minimum dwelling” and experiments stablishing principles for responsible residential architecture in art district of Toronto.