LED by Shealy Electrical Wholesalers

Bridging the Technologies for LED Lighting

Eaton’s Cooper Lighting Rick Gottlieb Specification Sales Manager Architectural Exterior 727.781.4451 Richardagottlieb@eaton.com 1121 Highway 74 South Peachtree City, GA 30269 1 Credit Hour HSW CEU ©  2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

Market Influences

Solid State Lighting

Electronics

•  Efficiency (Energy Savings) •  Reliability •  Robustness •  Lifetime Costs

Lighting

•  Flexibility of Design

LED Fundamentals

Typical Lighting-class LED Package Substrate/Lead Frame Air, RI = 1.0

Lens (glass, silicone), RI ~1.4

Encapsulant RI ~1.5 Wire bond Reflector

Phosphor ESD protection LED chip RI~2.2

LED: Theory of Operation •  LEDs consist of several layers of semiconductor material •  Light is generated in the PN junction with applied current •  Monochromatic light •  Color depends on materials used •  Primary materials:

→ Red/Orange/Amber → Green/blue

AlInGaP InGaN

LED Device Materials 10

Better

AlInGaP

InGaN

AlGaAs

Luminous Intensity GaP:N

0.1

GaAsP

SiC

Worse

0.01 400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Wavelength (nm)

Color: Ultra-violet

Blue

Green

Yellow

Orange

Red

Infra-Red

How do I get white light?

Producing White Light with LEDs RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

Blue + Yellow Phosphor

Blue Peak

Yellow Phosphor

Typical Lighting-class LED Package Substrate/Lead Frame Air, RI = 1.0

Lens (glass, silicone), RI ~1.4

Encapsulant RI ~1.5 Wire bond Reflector

Phosphor ESD protection LED chip RI~2.2

Drive Current, Why has increased? Lumileds Rebel 16 stud bumps 1mm2

Lumileds Rebel ES 25 stud bumps 1.5mm2

Lumileds Tx 36 stud bumps 2mm2

Drive Current, What is it?

Watts=Volts x Amps Vf (forward voltage) of an LED chip increases with drive current

Luxeon Tx

Drive Current

Vf (Forward Voltage

350mA

2.71V*

700mA

2.80V*

1000mA

2.86V*

*Varies by chip but this is an good representation example 13

Drive Current, What is it? Watts=Volts x Amps Watts=Vf x Drive Current Luxeon TX Drive Current

Watts

Lumen Output

Efficacy LPW

350mA

2.71V

.95

147

155

700mA

2.80V

1.96

269

137

1050mA

2.86V

3.00

360

136

Drive Current, What is it? Luxeon TX Drive Current

Watts

HP Lumen Output

350mA

2.71V

.95

147

155

700mA

2.80V

1.96

269

137

1050mA

2.86V

3.00

360

136

Honda Accord @ 55 MPH = 36 MPG

MPG Efficacy LPW

Honda Accord @ 87 MPH = 26 MPG

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Life - Very Long Operating Life (>100K hours) Lumen Maintenance – 90% @60K hours @40C Power - Energy Efficient (source 130 LPW) Size – Relative small package size Uniformity – Led can give superior control over light Directional- Directed light for increased system efficiency Durability - Solid State, vibration proof Dimmable - Fully dimmable without color variation Rise Time - Instant on (<100ms), full color, 100% light Cool Source – No IR heat Environment – no Mercury 16

“ LIFE “

IES LM-80-08 •  Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources •  Approved method for measuring lumen depreciation of solid-state (LED) light sources, arrays and modules •  Does not cover measurement of luminaires •  Does not define or provide methods for estimation of life. •  55C, 85C and 3rd LED mfg selected temperature •  6000 hours min testing period. 10K preferred. •  Minimum at least every 1000 hours

Consistent way to measure life-time 18

TM-21 – Use the latest data •  Initial data variability (i.e. “hump”) is difficult for models to evaluate (0-1000 hr) •  Later data exhibits more characteristic decay curve of interest •  Non-chip decay (encapsulant, etc.) occurs early and with varying effects on decay curve •  Later decay is chip-driven and relatively consistent with exponential curve •  Verification with long duration data sets(>10,000hr) shows better model to reality fit with last 5,000 hours of 10,000 hour data •  For 6,000 hours of data (LM-80 minimum) and up to 10,000 hours: Use last 5,000 hours •  For > 10,000 hours: Use the last ½ of the collected data

LM-80 Challenge Directly from TM-21 report

Unless you plan on installing a liquid nitrogen tank donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t expect to replicate LM-80 result directly. 20

TM-21 – Use the latest data

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Life - Very Long Operating Life (>100K hours) Lumen Maintenance – 90% @60K hours Power - Energy Efficient (source 130 LPW) Size – Relative small package size Directional- Directed light for increased system efficiency Durability - Solid State, vibration proof Dimmable - Fully dimmable without color variation Rise Time - Instant on (<100ms), full color, 100% light Cool Source – No IR heat Environment – no Mercury

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Efficiency: LED vs. Traditional Sources

Lumens / Watt

Efficiency: LED vs. Traditional Sources

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Lens Technology The optical system uses the lens to refract light and a reflector to shape the distribution of light.

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Average vs. Minimum Light Levels

Please educate your clients to change their specifications/ requirements from Average FC/Lux to Minimum Maintained FC/Lux

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

‹#›

Uniformity Rules

->4.5 lux min: for Uniformity; 3:1 ratio

‹#›

Uniformity Rules •  Result Summary •

->4.5 lux min: for Uniformity; 3:1 ratio

‹#›

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

Controls •  On/off •  Occupancy sensors •  Time Clocks

•  Building automation •  Battery packs

Control increases energy savings and “life” 40

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

What role does heat play?

What Determines Life?

Heat = Life An LED driven at 1A with a Ts (case temperature) of 85C will outlive the same LED driven at 530mA with a Tc of 90C

Life = Ts Drive Current = Efficiency

Is 3 Watts a Lot of Heat?

@ 1A drive current = 3 watts

= 1800 watts

Is 3 Watts a Lot of Heat? T8 48’ 32 watt lamp Surface area = 2πr2 + 2πrL r=12.7mm L=1219.2 Surface area ≈ 98,300mm2 Watts per mm2 .0003 If the T8 ran at 1.50 watts per mm2 it would consume ≈ 147,500 watts.

Luxeon Tx = 3 watts Surface area = 2mm2 Watts per mm2 1.5 45

Heat and Life

Thermal Management Ambient temperature ratings >25째C (40째C preferred)

Reduce Maintenance Costs, Go Green with LED 48

LED – Basic Value Proposition •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •

LED to MH Comparison 250 Watt MH Talon (295 watts) SL4 optic (segmented) • 25 feet mounting height • .70 LLF • Scale 25’ •  20,500 Lumens

80’x 40’

107 Watt LED Galleon SL4 optic (2) 1A LightSquares • 25 feet mounting height • .91 LLF • Scale 25’ • 9,976 Lumens

100’x 50’

74 Watt LED Galleon SL4 optic (2) .7A LightSquares • 25 feet mounting height • .91 LLF • Scale 25’ •  7,292 Lumens

80’x 40’

Red = .20 Footcandles Green = .5 Footcandles Blue = 1 Footcanles

Industrial HID Options for Retro-fit

‹#›

Industrial HID Options for Retro-fit

‹#›

Fluorescent to LED Options for Retro-fit

‹#›

Parking Garage HID Options for Retro-fit

Lumens 17500 8000 6600 Wa0age 205 77 58 Annual $ @.10/ kWh (24hrs/ day) $ 179.58 $ 67.45 $ 50.81 Lamp Life 15000 L90 @ 60K L90 @ 60K Failure Rate 50% <1% <1% Annual $ Saved Energy $112.13 $128.77 Annual Maint Savings $58 $58 ©  2015 Eaton. All rights reserved.

‹#›

HID │LED Equivalency HID 250W (290W)

vs.

LED 107W

250W MH (290w)

22,000 lms

2 Square 1A

9,575

~70% optic eff.

15,400 lms

All ready included

9,575

Street Side (65%)

10,010 lms

Street Side (89%)

8,841

0.7 LLF

7,007 lms

0.91 LLF

8,045 lms

LED Fixture Comparison When 20,000 lumens = 30,000 lumens XYz [1A, 4000K]

vs.

ECL [1A, 4000K] 99.4 LPW

72.2 LPW

Fixture Watts = 428W

30,916 lms

Fixture Watts = 213W

21,164 lms

Street Side = 66.5%

20,644 lms

Street Side = 82.9%

17,548 lms

Design Lumens 0.82 LLD * 0.95 LDD =

0.96 LLD * 0.95 LDD =

0.779 LLF [Light Loss Factor] 16,082 lms

0.912 LLF[Light Loss Factor]. 16,004 lms 56

Cost of Ownership •  The life cycle cost of ownership of a lighting system must be considered when performing a ROI calculation: •  •  •  •

upfront costs energy savings maintenance savings cradle to cradle design (recyclability)