NORTH AMERICAN EDITION # 3, FEBRUARY 2015
A D VA N C I N G H VA C & R N A T U R A L LY
PA U L ANDERSON
COMMITTING
TO CO2 REFRIGERATION p.16 P.24
SOBEYS' FUTURE-PROOF REFRIGERATION STRATEGY P.28
NH3-CO2 CHILLS PRODUCE FOR COURCHESNE LAROSE P.31
MAJOR CLIMATE ACCORDS IN 2015?
SPECIAL 2
0
1
5
AHR EXPO
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Engineering Tomorrow throughTomorrow EnVisioneering See how Danfoss is Engineering naturally at See more at www.danfoss.com/co2 www.refrigerants.danfoss.com/refrigerants/
Publisher's Note
Publisher’s note by Marc Chasserot
TIP OF THE ICEBERG
W
elcome to issue 3 of Accelerate
America. It’s our AHR Expo special
issue, and our first to be printed and distributed at a major trade show. We’ve been covering great people
We start now with our special
since the launch of the magazine
supplement to issue 3 called the
late last year and the feedback has
Guide to Natural Refrigerants at the
been excellent. Our readers like our
2015 AHR Expo. In over 40 pages of
content and they want more cutting-
great content you will find exclusive
edge
natural-
interviews, products, and a company
refrigerant-based technologies and
directory, as well as an events
how these are going to disrupt and
planner and hall maps showing you
spur innovation within the HVAC&R
where to find these companies. With
industry across North America.
more than 80 companies listed, it’s
reporting
about
the biggest showing of naturalAs we settle into an exciting 2015, I
refrigerant-related
have great news for you -- we’ve
at the AHR Expo. I know, because
products
ever
only just started. This truly is only
I’ve been going to the AHR Expo for
the “tip of the iceberg.” On the back
well over a decade. This is exciting
cover of this issue, you will find
news and I believe it sets in motion
our updated Editorial Calendar for
a promising 2015.
the coming year, where we clearly show that
America
This issue will be packaged with
will cover a wide variety of sectors
the Guide and made available at the
within HVAC&R. Not just food
AHR Expo, so be sure to pick up your
retail and industrial refrigeration.
free copies. The Guide will save you
We will cover many trade shows
time at the show in finding all the
every month and talk to industry
market leaders and their products
insiders about their expectations
and services.
for
natural
Accelerate
refrigerants
and
related technologies. We will go
And feel free to send me your
all over North America and even
comments
internationally, when it is relevant to
marc.chasserot@shecco.com . We
the market in North America.
are always looking for new ideas!
Importantly, we will have a few
and
suggestions at
MC
surprises for our readers over the coming months with special issues, supplements and more.
February 2015 Accelerate America
3
Table of Contents
NORTH AMERICAN EDITION ISSUE #3, FEBRUARY 2015
ADVANCING HVAC&R NATURALLY
ABOUT ACCELERATE AMERICA Brought to you by shecco, the worldwide experts in natural refrigerant news, Accelerate America is the first monthly news magazine written for and about the most progressive business leaders working with natural refrigerant solutions in all HVAC&R sectors.
@ A c c e l e r a t e NA
http://accelerate.shecco.com
p.3 p.16 Tip of the iceberg Publisher’s note by Marc Chasserot
Paul Anderson from Target
Why Target opted for CO2 as its prototype 3 | 13 9 | 10
11 2
6
Taking the plunge Editor’s note by Michael Garry
7
5
p.8
p.6
p.14
1 | 12
p.24
8
4
Events planner The events in February, March and April 2015
4
Accelerate America February 2015
Natural refrigerants surge at Chicago expo
Sobeys: Set for life
C oo nn tt ee nn tt ss TT aa bb ll ee oo ff C
p.28
ISSUE #
Courchesne Larose: ‘Our motivation: To be more green’
3
Marc Chasserot
Publisher
marc.chasserot@shecco.com @marcchasserot Michael Garry
Editor
michael.garry@shecco.com
p.31
@mgarrywriter International Editor
Janaina Topley Lira jana.topleylira@shecco.com @JanaTopleyLira
Are major climate accords on the horizon? Contributing Writer
Elke Milner
Contributing Writer
James Ranson
Contributing Writer
Caixia Mao
Events Coordinator
Silvia Scaldaferri
Advertising Manager
Franziska Menten
Designer
Mehdi Bouhjar
Preliminary agreements at the Lima Summit and the Montreal Protocol meeting in Paris could lead to breakthroughs in 2015, though barriers remain.
p.34
Danfoss is pushing the market towards natural refrigerants
p.40
Greener China is turning towards natural refrigerants
Follow us on twitter @AccelerateNA
p.36
Hillphoenix: It’s not rocket science. It’s just refrigeration susbscribe to our newsletter accelerate.shecco.com
Carnot Refrigeration: Refrigerate differently
Accelerate’s network of offices stretches from Brussels to Tokyo.
p.42
Accelerate America is published monthly except for a mid-year and year-end double issue. The views expressed by the contributors are not necessarily those of the Publisher. Every care is taken to ensure the content of the magazine is accurate but we assume no responsibility for any effect from errors or omissions. Published by shecco. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without priori written permission of the copyright owner.
February 2015 Accelerate America
5
Editor's note
Editor’s note by Michael Garry
TAKING THE PLUNGE Last September, Paul Anderson, senior group manager, engineering for Target – and the fellow on the cover of this issue – had the honor of participating in a meeting at the White House focused on slashing emissions of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), the potent group of climate-changing greenhouse gases used throughout the HVAC&R industry.
President Obama wasn’t there – he was in Atlanta at the
dioxide on the low-temperature side and R134a on the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dealing with
medium-temperature side as its prototypical design for
the Ebola issue – but a number of other dignitaries were
refrigeration in PFresh outlets. At the White House, he
in attendance, including John Podesta, a counselor to the
referred to that and mentioned several other initiatives
President and former chief of staff for President Clinton;
you can read about in our story.
Gina McCarthy, administrator, Environmental Protection Agency; Ernest Moniz, secretary, Department of Energy;
We also have an article about Sobeys’ remarkable
and Chris Murphy, U.S. Senator from Connecticut.
embrace of CO2 technology, mostly transcritical systems, in 70 of its Quebec stores and another 11 in other
There were also representatives from 21 other private-
Canadian provinces. The company is adding 15-20 new
sector companies that, like Target, were making a
CO2-refrigerated stores annually.
commitment to reduce emissions of HFCs in some way. In total, their efforts would cut cumulative global
These two major retailers have found enough benefits in
consumption of these greenhouse gases by the
systems using natural refrigerants to take the plunge and
equivalent of 700 million metric tons of carbon dioxide
implement them in new and remodeled stores, becoming
through 2025, equivalent to 1.5% of the world’s 2010
the first retailers in their respective countries to do so.
greenhouse gas emissions and the same as taking nearly
Besides helping the environment, their decisions are
15 million cars off the road for 10 years.
based on solid business metrics. Both, for example, have seen energy savings in these systems. Initial equipment
That’s a small but significant percentage because it
costs are more favorable for Sobeys, given its much
buys time for dealing with the overall issue of climate
larger deployment, than they are for Target, but Anderson
change. And compared to the far more difficult challenge
is convinced those costs will come down for his company
of controlling fossil fuel emissions, HFCs represent “low-
as well.
hanging fruit” ready to be plucked. If the other companies at the White House – Kroger, The commitment made by Target is the basis of this
Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Red Bull among them – continue
month’s cover story. Anderson revealed a big part of that
to honor their commitments, the market in North America
commitment last June at shecco’s ATMOSphere America
for HFC alternatives like natural refrigerants should soar.
conference when he announced that the national retailer
And the climate will be a lot better for it
had selected a hybrid cascade system using carbon 6
Accelerate America February 2015
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Events Planner
EVENTS PLANNER FEBRUARY 2015 3 | 13 9 | 10
11
7
2
6 5
1 | 12 8
4
1
February 5 - 7 - Orlando, FL
MACS 2015 Training Event & Trade Show
8
http://www.macsw.org/imis15/2015_Training_Event/ twitter : @MACS_Worldwide / #MACS2015TrainingEvent
2
February 7-11 — Atlanta, GA
50th WFLO Institute
February 8-11 — Las Vegas, NV
NGA Show
9
February 11 - 14 - San Juan, Puerto Rico
National Turkey Federation Annual Conference
10
Feb 12 - 13 - Dallas, TX
5th Annual American Food Manufacturing & Safety Summit 2015
11
Feb 15 - 17 - Phoenix, AZ
2015 Supply Chain Conference
http://www.fmi.org/forms/meeting/MeetingFormPublic/ view?id=1F583400000731 twitter : @FMI_ORG
7
February 16 - 20 — Charlotte, NC
48th Industrial Refrigeration Workshop http://global.k-state.edu/conf/industrialrefrig/
8
Accelerate America February 2015
February 21 - 25 - Anaheim, CA
AFFI-CON 2015
February 22 - 24 - Nashville, TN
Annual Meat Conference http://www.meatconference.com twitter : #meat-conference-2015
12
February 22 - 25 - Orlando, FL
Retail Supply Chain Conference 2015
http://www.rila.org/events/conferences/supplychain/Pages/default.aspx twitter : @RILAtweets / #RILAsupplychain
twitter : @FoodMfgNetwork
6
The NAFEM Show 2015
http://afficon.affi.org twitter : @FriendsofFrozen / #afficon
http://www.eatturkey.com/content/conventions-and-conferences twitter : @TurkeyGal
5
February 19 - 21 — Anaheim, CA http://www.thenafemshow.org twitter : @TheNAFEMShow / #TheNAFEMShow
http://www.nationalgrocers.org/the-nga-show/the-nga-show---home/ twitter : @NationalGrocers / #NGAShow
4
EXPOCARNES 2015
http://expocarnes.com twitter : @EXPO_CARNES / #expocarnes2015
http://www.gcca.org/wflo-institute-cold-chain-education-training/ twitter : @gccaorg / #wflo
3
February 18 - 20 - Monterrey, Mexico
13
February 24 - 26 - Las Vegas, NV
2015 AWMA Marketplace & Solutions Expo http://www.awmashow.com twitter : @AWMAinfo
Events Planner
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www.micro-thermo.com February 2015 Accelerate America
9
Events Planner
EVENTS PLANNER MARCH 2015
4 3
2 1
6 5 7
1
March 1 - 4 - Carlsbad, CA
35th Annual Conference & Exhibition, Refrigerated Foods Association
6
http://www.refrigeratedfoods.org/rfa-conference
2
March 4 - 8 - Anaheim, CA
Natural Products Expo West
March 8 - 10 - New York, NY
International Restaurant & Foodservice Show of New York
7
March 15 - 17 - Boston, MA
Seafood Expo North America / Seafood Processing North America 2015 http://www.seafoodexpo.com/north-america/ twitter : @bostonseafood / #seafood
5
March 16-19 — Grapevine, TX
ACCA Conference & IE3 Expo
http://www.acca.org/education/conference/ twitter : @accausa / #acca15
10
Accelerate America February 2015
March 22-25 — San Diego, CA
2015 IIAR Industrial Refrigeration Conference & Exhibition
March 22 - 26 - Point Clear, AL
45th Annual Food & Beverage Environmental Conference
http://environ-council.affi.org/index.asp?sid=65
8
www.internationalrestaurantny.com
4
8
http://www.iiar.org/iiar/WCM/Events/WCM/Events/2015_ Conference/2015%20Program/2015_IIAR_Conference_Information. aspx?hkey=ee37d734-7ec0-4fb4-a8f1-9d455ab66e2d
http://www.expowest.com/ew15/public/enter.aspx twitter : @NatProdExpo / #ExpoWest
3
9
March 29 - April 1 - Orlando, FL
2015 ABA Convention, American Bakers Association
http://americanbakers.org/2015abaconvention/ twitter : @AmericanBakers / #ABACon
9
March 31 - April 1 - St. Petersburg, FL
Ice Cream Technology Conference 2015
http://www.idfa.org/forms/meeting/Microsite/Ice_Cream_Tech_2015 twitter : @dairyidfa
Events Planner
February 2015 Accelerate America
11
Events Planner
EVENTS PLANNER APRIL 2015
4
10 6 5
1
7 2
3
9
1
April 12 - 15 - Washington, DC
GMA Science Forum 2015
6
http://www.gmaonline.org/forms/meeting/Microsite/scienceforum15 twitter : @GroceryMakers
2
April 13 - 15 - Atlanta, GA
National Logistics & Distribution Conference
April 13 - 15 - Tempe, AZ
NFRA Executive Conference
7
April 13 - 14 - Vancouver, BC
Grocery & Specialty Food West 2015
8
April 14 - 15 - Chicago, IL
9th Annual American Food Technology & Innovation Summit http://www.thefoodsummit.com/ twitter : @FoodInnoNetwork
12
Accelerate America February 2015
April 22 - 24 - Las Vegas, NV
2015 NAMA OneShow
April 25-29 — Orlando, FL
124th IARW-WFLO Convention & Expo
http://www.gcca.org/124th-iarw-wflo-convention-expo/ twitter : @gccaorg / #IARW
9
http://www.cfig.ca/page.asp?id=43 twitter : @CFIGFCEI
5
SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition
http://www.namaoneshow.org/ twitter : @NAMAvending / #NAMAOneShow15
http://nfraexecutiveconference.org/ twitter : @EasyHomeMeals
4
April 21-23 — Detroit, MI
http://www.sae.org/congress/ twitter : @SAEIntl
http://nldcinfo.com/ twitter : @NLDCinfo / #NLDCinfo
3
8
April 26-29 — San Antonio, TX
BuildPoint 2015
http://www.buildpointevent.com/ twitter : @BuildPointEvent / #bp2014event
10
April 28 - 30 - Toronto, ON
SIAL Canada
http://www.sialcanada.com/sial/en/index.sn twitter : @SIALCANADA / #SIAL2015
Events Planner
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13
Events
NATURAL REFRIGERANTS SURGE AT CHICAGO EXPO — by Elke Milner
shecco’s new Guide to Natural Refrigerants
at the 2015 AHR Expo can help attendees navigate the massive event. From January 26 to 28, more than 80 companies
in their planning and outreach strategies. Its
offering products or services using natural
product and company directories provide a
refrigerants will exhibit at the AHR Expo at
comprehensive overview of whom and what to
McCormick Place in Chicago.
look for, with exhibit hall maps highlighting the booths of companies offering natural refrigerant
That’s a significant increase from last year’s Expo,
products and services. An event calendar
and further proof of the evolving North American
outlines natural-refrigerant-related seminars and
market for natural working fluids and their
presentations taking place at the three-day event.
associated technology. The Guide also includes exclusive interviews with The
event
–
formally
known
as
the
industry leaders covering topics such as natural-
2015 International Air-Conditioning, Heating,
refrigerant products at the Expo, their features
Refrigerating Exposition -- is expected to be the
and availability, the markets with the highest
largest AHR Expo ever held, displaying 465,000
expected growth potential, and policy influences
square feet (equivalent to nine football fields)
and consequences.
of exhibits from more than 2,000 companies spanning every sector of the HVAC&R industry
The Guide to Natural Refrigerants at the 2015 AHR
and bringing together more than 40,000 visitors.
Expo will be freely available both online and in
Not for nothing that the Expo dubs itself the
print at the event at the Media Resource Center,
“world’s largest HVACR marketplace.”
as well as at the booths of the publication’s supporters.
The Expo, co-sponsored by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Activity at the AHR Expo is expected to be
Conditioning
(Air-
brisk. The results of a recent ASHRAE Journal
Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute),
and AHR Expo survey reflect optimism and
will also host over 100 educational seminars,
high expectations of an improving economy for
workshops and new product presentations.
the industry overall, particularly with regard to
Engineers)
and
AHRI
new construction projects using commercial To
help
attendees
interested
in
natural
cooling
and
refrigeration.
An
impressive SPECIAL EDITION # 1, JANUARY 2015
refrigerants and related applications navigate
87% of respondents indicated their business
the Expo, market development expert shecco is
prospects were either “excellent” or “good” for
launching its Guide to Natural Refrigerants at the
2015, and 40% expect the most growth in new
2015 AHR Expo at the event. The publication
construction projects; in last year’s results,
compiles information on companies offering
respondents expected the most out of retrofits
products and services for natural refrigerants
and renovations.
and highlights natural-refrigerant-related events during the trade show.
A D VA N C I N G H VA C & R N A T U R A L LY
M A G A Z I N E
GUIDE FOR NATURAL REFRIGERANTS AT 2015 AHR EXPO
CO2 Air
The Expo will also feature the 13th AHR Expo Innovation Awards, given to exhibiting companies
The Guide is designed to connect experts at
with the most creative and useful products on the
the event and support attendees and exhibitors
market
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14
Accelerate America February 2015
Events
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February 2015 Accelerate America
15
Food Retail
PAUL ANDERSON
WHY TARGET OPTED FOR C O2 A S I T S PROTOTYPE
— By Michael Garry
16
Accelerate America February 2015
Food Retail
A CO2 cascade refrigeration system met engineering chief Paul Anderson’s efficiency requirements, but victory on total costs remains down the road.
Minneapolis Minnesota
continued on p.18
February 2015 Accelerate America
17
Food Retail
In the 1980s, as a long-haired teenage drummer dedicated to the music of his “Hair Band” heroes, Paul Anderson was fond of the hard rock ensemble Guns N’ Roses, which achieved worldwide popularity with its debut album, Appetite for Destruction. Anderson still enjoys playing the drums and The Beat of a Different Drum: Anderson is leading Target’s unconventional approach to refrigeration.
helping his 17-year-old son, a drummer, and his 15-year-old son, a guitarist, in their musical pursuits as part of a heavy metal band. Professionally, though, Anderson -- senior group manager, engineering, for Minneapolis-based Target, where he has worked for seven years – now has more of an appetite for construction, particularly of efficient and climate-friendly refrigeration systems. That was never more evident than last June at shecco’s ATMOsphere America conference on natural refrigerants, where Anderson unveiled Target’s new prototype refrigeration system, which is more efficient than the company’s conventional model. The prototype, a hybrid cascade system, will be used in newly opened PFresh stores, which offer an array of frozen foods, meat and dairy as a complement to Target’s traditional general merchandise. Of Target’s 1,783 stores in the U.S., more than 1,200 are PFresh outlets (In midJanuary, Target announced that it would close all of its 133 stores in Canada.) Target launched the PFresh format in 2009, making Anderson responsible for the design of its new refrigeration systems. (He recently took on responsibility for all of Target’s engineering disciplines.) Anderson’s ATMOsphere America announcement
Life,” page 24.) Target has also started deploying
to standardize on a hybrid [cascade] system,” said
was especially notable for a U.S. retailer –
beverage coolers chilled by the natural refrigerant
Scott Martin, director of sustainable technologies
historic, really. For not only does the prototype
propane (R290).
for Hillphoenix, provider of one of Target’s
achieve greater efficiencies, it uses carbon
cascade systems, at a store in Conyers, Ga.
dioxide – an inexpensive, generally harmless
On the prototype’s medium-temperature side,
natural refrigerant with a GWP (global warming
it employs R134a (GWP of 1,300), which also
Mike
potential) of one -- as the sole cooling agent for
helps cool the CO2. The PFresh format’s previous
refrigeration coordinator for Whole Foods Market,
low-temperature cases.
prototype had been a DX (direct expansion)
is an admirer of Targets’ CO2 / R134a cascade
system incorporating R404A, with a GWP of 3,900,
prototype. While Whole Foods is testing a
Target thus became the first U.S. food retailer
which means that any leaks in the new prototype
variety of natural-refrigerant systems, Ellinger’s
to make a public commitment to running
make far less of a contribution to global warming.
preference would be something similar to the
a refrigeration system in new stores and
Moreover, the new prototype cuts the amount of
Target system. “It’s not overly complicated and
major remodels based in large part on an
HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerant from about
most people can maintain it,” he said. “I’d like us
environmentally
1,000 pounds to 500-600 pounds.
to move more toward that direction.” (See “Taking
friendly
natural
refrigerant.
In North America, it is second only to Sobeys, Canada’s second largest grocer. (See “Set for
18
Accelerate America February 2015
Ellinger,
global
maintenance
and
Natural Refrigerants to the Next Level,” Accelerate “It’s a major statement to say that Target is going
America, Dec. 2014-Jan. 2015.)
Food Retail
Target’s long history of environmental initiatives includes the following: »»In the 1960s, contributed to urban renewal, including cleaner waterways. »»In 1968, became one of the first retailers to
St Paul, MN
institute a chain-wide cardboard recycling
Lake Bluff, IL
program. Columbia, MO Los Angeles, CA San Clemente, CA
»»Was a sponsor of the first Earth Day in 1970
Conyers, GA
and a supporter of the event ever since.
Fort Worth, TX
Open CO2 stores
»»As a member of the Environmental Protection
Upcoming CO2 stores
Agency’s SmartWay program, optimizes the loading, routing and scheduling of trucks. »»In 2009, introduced a five-cent incentive every
EVOLUTION OF A PROTOTYPE a
time a shopper uses a reusable bag.
It was Anderson’s passion for efficiency
Following
that drove his journey to find the most
analysis of the hybrid cascade system,
comprehensive,
two-year
optimal refrigeration system for Target,
Target selected it as the new prototype: CO2
which turned out to be a solution with a
DX on the low-temp side, and R134a DX for
major natural component.
all of medium-temp, with a heat exchanger
»»In 2010, rolled out a comprehensive in-store recycling program for shoppers. »»In 2011, joined the EPA’s GreenChill program to cut refrigerant charge and emissions.
in between to help cool the CO2 and make The journey began in July 2010, when
sure its condensing temperatures remain
Target opened a store in St. Paul, Minn.,
in the subcritical range (under 88°F) where
»»In 2013, announced that all Canadian Target
that uses R404A on the primary side
it is most efficient. (Hybrid means that the
with CO2 as a secondary coolant for low-
high-side HFC refrigerant – rather than a
temperature cases, along with glycol
secondary fluid like CO2 or glycol -- is used
announce a prototype refrigeration system
as a secondary refrigerant for medium
to chill the medium-temp cases.) R134a
based in part on a natural refrigerant, carbon
temperature fixtures.
was chosen for being a “better performing
dioxide.
stores would be LEED-certified. »»In 2014, became the first U.S. retailer to
[HFC] fluid than others on the market,” said A year later, Target tried a somewhat
Anderson.
»»Has received the EPA’s Energy Star
different configuration at a new store in
certification for more than 1,000 stores
San Clemente, Calif., with a CO2 DX system
Target plans to open two more stores with
serving low-temp cases and R134a/glycol
the prototype in 2015, one in Lake Bluff, Ill.,
on the medium-temp side. A year after
the other in Ft. Worth, Texas.
that, in 2012, Target opened a store in Los Angeles with a similar refrigeration
With the new prototype designated for
system.
Target’s PFresh stores, the chain is looking at different technology for its City Target
But the systems pumping glycol for
and Target Express formats. Existing
medium-temperature cases were found to
SuperTarget stores – combining a full
have “a significant energy penalty versus
grocery store with a general merchandise
a traditional system,” said Anderson, who
assortment -- are being transitioned from
subsequently removed glycol from the test
R22 to R407A, which is a better fit for a
systems.
drop-in conversion than R134a, Anderson said.
Meanwhile, Target was testing the hybrid cascade system, starting in June 2012
Target will retrofit existing refrigeration
at a new store in Conyers, Ga., near the
systems
headquarters of the system’s rack supplier,
prototype equipment in the event of a
Hillphoenix. In March 2013, a second store
“significant
using the system opened in Columbia, Mo.,
adding, “It’s too soon for that.”
near the headquarters of its rack supplier, Hussmann.
at
PFresh remodel,”
stores said
with
the
Anderson,
continued on p.20
February 2015 Accelerate America
19
Food Retail
FIVE BUCKETS Armed with a degree in mechanical engineering
said. “We kept tuning the component selection to
presentation at the Food Marketing Institute
from Iowa State University, Anderson, likes
fit the application.” Anderson, who before joining
Energy Conference last September, Tim Anderson
to break down his analysis of refrigeration
Target worked as an engineer for John Deere,
(no relation), principal engineer, Hussmann, noted
systems into five buckets that constitute the
Taylor Industries and Eaton Automotive, strongly
that a cascade system “is not a bad system in
believes in tailoring components to the size of a
terms of energy, especially when using a direct
system.
hybrid system on the medium-temperature side.”
total cost of ownership: energy consumption, capital investment in equipment and installation, maintenance, impact on customers (“guests” in Target parlance) and sustainability. In terms of energy performance, the prototype system
did
not
initially
meet
Target’s
requirements. In 2012, Anderson reported that Target’s CO2 systems were consuming more energy than a DX system using R404 in the same market. But at the 2014 ATMOsphere America meeting he revealed that the Conyers and Columbus hybrid cascade systems were saving about $2,000 annually in energy costs compared
“
WE WOULD SPEND UP TO SEVEN MONTHS FINE-TUNING THE SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY THE BARRIERS TO IMPROVED EFFICIENCY”
The efficiency improvement, however, has not been enough to compensate for other cost requirements of the hybrid cascade system. For example, capital investment in the technology is still 25% -30% higher than that of the DX system, while installation costs about 5% more. Moreover, maintenance expenses run about $2,300 per year more than for a DX system. Overall, incorporating efficiency gains, the cascade system costs
Target also worked closely with manufacturers
$60,000 to $80,000 more than the conventional
to improve efficiency. “The partnership between
model in incremental cash flow, said Anderson.
with the standard DX unit. (The prototype system
manufacturers and end users really drives
also produces enough heat to provide hot water
gains in efficiency by promoting understanding
But he is seeing a slow decline in equipment and
in the store.)
of how controls and algorithms are working,”
installation costs for the cascade system. That
Anderson said. For example, Target’s suppliers
won’t be reflected in the two 2015 stores, but
In order to achieve that energy saving, Target
optimized the R134a compressors’ horsepower
should come over the next three to five years as
had to compensate for the energy penalties
requirements to maximize efficiency.
production grows, he said.
other components in a CO2 design. That required
The energy performance of the prototype system
At the ATMOsphere America conference, even
honing in on the optimal component selection
has been consistent, regardless of the rack
as he announced the new prototype Anderson
and system design by submetering the energy
manufacturer, Anderson said. But he added that
acknowledged that there’s still work to do with
consumption of many components.
Target plans to ultimately settle on one rack
respect to the total cost of ownership. “But we
supplier.
believe advances in CO2 technology are absolutely
inherent in the heat exchanger, rack valves and
“When we set up the initial stores, we would
viable,” he said. “We look forward to working with
spend up to seven months fine-tuning the system
Anderson is not alone in observing the improved
to identify the barriers to improved efficiency,” he
efficiency of the hybrid cascade system. In a
In 2013, Target’s refrigerant emissions accounted for 63% of its direct emissions and 22% of its total emissions (direct and indirect). The company’s
continued on p.22
T O TA L E M I S S I O N S IN METRIC TONS CO2 EQUIVALENT
3, 16 1, 1 3 7
new CO2 / R134a reduces the carbon impact of refrigeration by 65%.
DIRECT EMISSIONS
INDIRECT EMISSIONS
704,580
2,456,557
IN METRIC TONS CO2 EQUIVALENT
241,530
1,877
764
18,792
N AT U R A L GAS
P R O PA N E
S TAT I O N A R Y DIESEL
MOBILE DIESEL
IN METRIC TONS C O 2 E Q U I VA L E N T
441,617
REFRIGERANTS
2,449,843
3,564
3,150
ELECTRIC
STEAM
CHILLED W AT E R
Source: Target 2013 Corporate Responsibility Report
20
Accelerate America February 2015
Food Retail
POWERFUL THINGS ARE POWERED BY NATURE.
TRY A COOLING SOLUTION WITH A NATURAL REFRIGERANT.
Besides of having no impacts on the environment, natural refrigerants such as R600a and R290 have an important role on the reduction of the equipment’s energy consumption, which means that it solves both direct and indirect emissions at once. Embraco was one of the ďŹ rst organizations to produce compressors that uses natural refrigerants. Check our portfolio at our electronic catalog: www.embraco.com/catalog Know more about natural refrigerants at: www.naturalrefrigerants.info
February 2015 Accelerate America
21
Food Retail
our partners to develop solutions that eliminate barriers that still exist today.”
generator for “life safety issues.” In the event of an extended power outage – or in anticipation of one – “we’ll find other sources to protect frozen
Meanwhile Target is doing all it can to reduce
and refrigerated food.” To date the prototype’s
maintenance costs. During the months spent
uptime – its most palpable impact on shoppers
fine-tuning a new system, the chain works with
-- has been comparable to that of traditional
manufacturers
systems.
and
contractors
“to
ensure
that contractors truly understand how to keep systems operating efficiently,” Anderson said.
But Tim Anderson of Hussmann noted that a
That includes getting accustomed to the higher
power loss in a cascade system could result
pressures inherent in the system, including 200
in “a rapid rise of pressure, which can lead to
psi on the low-temperature side, 400 psi for
venting of the CO2 via pressure relief valves.” He
medium-temperatures.
suggested using a small dedicated condensing unit powered by a generator that “could keep the
Though some U.S. retailers using CO2 systems
[CO2] in the receiver cold in a power loss.”
have complained about the lack of availability of components or CO2, that has not been an issue
In regard to Anderson’s last bucket, sustainability,
for Anderson.
Target’s selection of a CO2 cascade system has
A propane beverage cooler at a Target store in Minneapolis.
been a major plus. The system’s lower energy In terms of leaks, Anderson found that by
consumption
traditional
The 2013 report also published Target’s 2013
switching from R404a to R134a, a lower-pressure
DX unit, combined with its reduction of HFC
greenhouse gas emissions in metric tons of CO2
refrigerant, leak rates dropped. It’s still too early,
charge and GWP, cuts carbon impact by 65%,
equivalent. Refrigerants accounted for 441,617
he said, to assess leak rates for CO2.
eliminating more than 150 metric tons of CO2
metric tons of CO2 equivalent, which was 63%
equivalent annually per store.
of Target’s total direct emissions and 22% of its
Target
employs
a
refrigerant
compared
with
a
management
combined direct and indirect emissions.
system (from Verisae) that tracks refrigerant
In its 2013 Corporate Responsibility Report,
usage, including leaks, across the chain, helping
Target put forth specific company-wide goals for
Target has pursued emission reduction projects
it to comply with the recordkeeping requirements
greenhouse-gas-emission reductions it wanted to
like LED lights in refrigerated cases and HVAC
of Section 608 of the Clean Air Act.
reach by fiscal 2015, using a 2007 baseline: a 10%
variable fan drives, which cut 15,466 and 17,996
emissions drop per square foot and a 20% drop
metric tons of CO2, respectively. But given
Anderson has opted not to use back-up
per million dollars of retail sales. Through fiscal
refrigerants’ large contribution to emissions,
generators for the prototype. “The design of the
2013, it had reached 7.1% and 7.4% declines,
Anderson
system ensures that it’ll operate safely in any
respectively.
refrigerants like CO2 to curb emissions “certainly
number of conditions,” he said. All stores have a
Hybrid cascade CO2/134a system on the roof of a Target PFresh store in Columbia. Mo.
acknowledged
using
natural
supports where we want to go.”
System Specs Target’s prototype cascade system includes the following features: »» A CO2 DX system for low-temperature cases. »» An R134a DX system for mediumtemperature cases. »» Low-temperature system typically has four compressors, each with a capacity of 30,000 BTUs/hour »» Medium-temperature system typically has five compressors, each with a capacity of 100,000 BTUs/hour. »» Racks from Hillphoenix and Hussmann. »» Bitzer compressors »» Emerson controls. »» Electric defrost. »» Heat reclaim for domestic hot water. »» Cases from Hillphoenix, Hussmann and Zero Zone.
22
Accelerate America February 2015
Food Retail
NOT MAKING THE CUT In addition to its three pumped-glycol tests,
though not in store-wide systems. “We’re always
synthetic alternative, as a possible replacement
Target considered other possible prototype
monitoring the situation,” said Anderson.
for R404A or R134a. “We’re working with the
systems, including transcritical, and pumped CO2.
chemical producers – Honeywell and DuPont –
“The other systems we looked at have not met our
Meanwhile, he left the door open to replacing
to test HFOs,” he said. These refrigerants have not
internal hurdle for new technologies we want to
the current prototype with new technology that
yet been approved by the EPA’s SNAP (Significant
apply going forward,” said Anderson.
proves to be a better fit for Target. “It’s an ongoing
New Alternatives Policy) program.
discussion,” he said. Though transcritical systems can work well in
In
its
effort
to
create
more
sustainable
the cooler climates typical of Target’s home
One possibility is an ammonia (NH3)-based store
refrigeration, Target has joined some national
state of Minnesota, Anderson’s team has found
system that would include secondary fluids.
programs. In 2010, the chain became a member
them unsuitable after many years of testing.
Target uses NH3 to refrigerate its cold storage
of the EPA’s GreenChill Partnership, which
The issue for Target, he explained, is that PFresh
warehouses, and its ammonia engineers are
helps retailers cut their refrigerant leaks and
stores use fewer refrigerated and frozen cases
now collaborating with its store refrigeration
charge. And last September, Target, represented
than a conventional supermarket, and therefore
engineers. Last year, the chain opened two new
by Anderson, participated in a meeting at the
generate less waste heat. As a result, there is
refrigerated warehouses in 2014 that use NH3
White House of private-sector companies that
not enough waste heat to compensate for the
for cold storage but glycol to cool office areas,
voluntarily committed to phasing out HFCs.
efficiency penalties experienced by a transcritical
eliminating HFCs in the HVAC system and
system, he said.
reducing the carbon impact by 900 metric tons of
At the meeting, Anderson spoke about Target’s
CO2 annually.
advancements, including its new prototype,
But what about SuperTargets, which have
HFC-free HVAC systems in its new warehouses,
as much refrigerated and frozen food as
Last fall Target also began using propane, a
hydrocarbon-based coolers, HFO testing and
conventional supermarkets? “That might be a
hydrocarbon natural refrigerant, in self-contained
GreenChill participation.
place where transcritical would work, but we’re
beverage coolers. This included 13,000 coolers
not building any more SuperTargets,” he said.
supplied by brands such as Coca-Cola, PepsiCo,
“Our internal teams have worked hard with
Red Bull and Dr. Pepper/Snapple, as well as its
chemical
One advantage of transcritical refrigeration is
own multi-brand unit – from True Manufacturing,
manufacturers and contractors to advance
that by eliminating HFCs (including R134a) it
model GDM-72-HC-LD -- which is being piloted in a
technologies to eliminate our dependency on
protects companies from future HFC regulations.
store in Minneapolis. The propane coolers reduce
high global-warming-potential refrigerants,” he
As an HFC user, Target is paying close attention
energy consumption by 15 million kWh per year.
said to an audience that included representatives
to the Environmental Protection Agency’s current
“If all goes well, I can see [propane] playing a
of Coca-Cola, Kroger, PepsiCo, and Red Bull, as
plans to delist certain high-GWP HFCs such as
larger role in our stores,” he said.
well as EPA administrator Gina McCarthy and
R404A and R507A by Jan. 1, 2016. Even R134a
producers,
refrigeration
Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz.
is slated for delisting for new stand-alone
Target is also looking at HFOs (hydrofluoro-
food refrigeration and new vending machines,
olefins), a low-GWP (in the 150-600 range)
system
MG
Paul Anderson at a White House meeting on HFC reduction.
February 2015 Accelerate America
23
Food Retail
SET FOR LIFE Sobeys, North America’s leading user of CO2-only refrigeration, chose a future-proof natural solution to avoid having to ever retrofit its systems again. Here’s how they did it. Yves Hugron Engineering Director Sobeys
— By Jana Topley Lira and Marc Chasserot
Nobody likes change, least of all food retailers. Yet when it comes to
The person in charge of refrigeration decisions and everything else relating
refrigeration, the last two decades have seen nothing but a constant
to building engineering is Sobeys’ director of engineering, Yves Hugron.
turnover in the kinds of refrigerants they are allowed to use. He works for Sobeys Quebec, one of four divisions -- alongside Sobeys Fed up with the continuous uncertainty, Sobeys -- Canada’s second largest
Maritime, Ontario, and Western Canada – in Sobeys Inc., based in Stellarton,
food retailer with 1,778 stores (852 of them franchised) -- became the first
Nova Scotia.
company in North America to do something about it. The retailer’s three Anglo Saxon divisions are grouped together, while the What Sobeys did was make transcritical refrigeration using only carbon
French-speaking Quebec division maintains an independent identity, which
dioxide – a natural refrigerant not subject to regulatory phaseouts – its
according to Hugron, helps to differentiate the province’s special relationship
standard system for new stores and major renovations.
with food.
Today Sobeys has 72 stores (including one opening in March) using a CO2
For Hugron and Sobeys’ engineering team, including equipment advisors
transcritical system, and 15-20 stores opening every year with CO2, making
Yves Beauregard and Patrick Gareau, continuing to use synthetic
it the de facto leader of transcritical installations in North America. Out of
refrigerants would offer no guarantees. In 10, 12, or 15 years Sobeys could
these new stores, at least 10 are renovations, which are always undertaken
be faced with another phaseout. As Hugron put it, “Why would we invest
while the store is open. Sobeys never loses a day of sales in its transition
in another replacement refrigerant with an uncertain future when another
to CO2.
technology using natural refrigerants was emerging in Europe?”
How did Sobeys come to this point?
Instead, Sobeys engineers travelled across “the pond” to look at what was being done in the European Union, where the market for commercial CO2
Sobeys started to take a keen interest in its refrigeration systems in 2008.
transcritical refrigeration technology was rapidly developing.
The Montreal Protocol had long been in place and the retailer knew it would bring more change. HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) like R22 were on the
Impressed by what the engineers had seen, Sobeys gathered them, as well
way out, and the future of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) looked uncertain.
as technicians and system manufacturers, in one room, and presented them with a new mandate. The retailer wanted to eliminate synthetic refrigerants
The chain had already experienced the phaseout of ozone-depleting CFCs
from its estate in the long term and needed an alternative solution. Everyone
(chlorofluorocarbons), and transitioned from R11 and R12 to HCFCs, the
in the room that day was asked: “What can you do to help us achieve our
“new” generation of synthetic refrigerants at the time that also harmed the
goal?”
ozone layer. Now, the Montreal Protocol seems likely to once again phase out another “new” generation of synthetic refrigerants, HFCs, which contribute significantly to global warming. So Sobeys’ engineers asked themselves,
THEN THERE WERE TWO
“Is it wise to jump on the bandwagon and do what everyone else is doing? Should we invest in another generation of synthetic refrigerants?”
Initially, 10 companies answered Sobeys call. After a first meeting only six remained, the others not yet able to offer a natural refrigerant solution. Of
24
Accelerate America February 2015
Food Retail
Other Natural Applications
those six, Sobeys asked more detailed questions
But when talking about natural refrigerants,
about their suggested solutions, after which only
Sobeys means not only looking at GWP, but
four remained in the running, and eventually only
taking into account the possibility that a new
Sobeys’ natural refrigerant success in stores
two, Carnot and CSC. These were the only two
generation of synthetic refrigerants could be
has crossed over into its warehousing and
manufacturers ready to provide Sobeys with the
phased out further down the line. For Sobeys
distribution operations.
system they were looking for.
that means natural can never mean an HFO (hydrofluoroolefin). “We know that there will be
In recent years Sobeys Quebec has
Although Sobeys normally requires three systems
a problem with new synthetic refrigerants, and
transformed all of its eight warehouses from
suppliers to ensure competitive pricing, this was
another ‘Montreal Protocol’ that says HFOs have
R22, and even a few that were still using
considered an exceptional circumstance.
to be phased out in 2030 or 2040,” Hugron said.
R12, to the natural refrigerant ammonia. Some even use CO2, such as a frozen meat
Both Carnot and CSC understood that CO2 was a refrigerant with enormous potential — and a GWP
warehouse expansion for which a cascade CO2
A GRADUAL PROCESS
system was added to the original ammonia
(global warming potential) of only one — and
system. Others employ ammonia with glycol
both were focused on developing CO2 technology.
Today 85% of Sobeys’ supermarkets still use R22,
piped through the warehouse, such as a dairy
(For more on Carnot, see “Refrigerate Differently,”
and Hugron acknowledged “we have a long way to
facility in Trois Rivières.
Page 42.) As a result, Sobeys worked closely with
go.” In 2015 the retailer can no longer install new
both manufacturers to develop a CO2 solution,
R22 systems, and only 300,000 kilograms of R22
For Sobeys Quebec’s director of engineering,
and agreed to test the first Canadian-made CO2
will be made or imported (down 90% from 1996
Yves Hugron, these dual systems are
systems in the field, in-store.
levels). This affects all of Sobeys’ 1,498 stores,
preferable to ammonia-only configurations,
including over 300 in in Quebec (many of them
as he believes that ammonia leaks cannot be
At the beginning there were not many subsidies
franchised). But all will eventually be switched
completed prevented. In the event of a leak in
to support Sobeys’ natural refrigerant endeavor.
to natural refrigerants.
a warehouse using an ammonia- only system,
So it was the engineering department at Sobeys
it has to be completely evaluated. This is
Quebec that acted as the driving force for
This will be a gradual process as replacing
not the case in the Trois Rivières warehouse
investing in CO2. The other divisions of Sobeys
all systems requires a major investment. The
because the ammonia is only kept in the
were not fully convinced of the switch. Many
systems that were installed five or six years ago,
machine room.
thought the Quebec division was crazy.
and which have a lifetime of approximately 15 to 20 years, will still be in operation in 10 to 15 years,
However, the push for CO2 refrigeration was
unless a store undergoes a major renovation.
The Next Challenge: HVAC
eventually transmitted to the CEO, after which
“
the Quebec team had buy-in from the top
Sobeys installed its first CO2 transcritical system
management to “green” the entire business. This
in 2009, and in 2011 it became the standard
When it comes to HVAC, Sobeys works with
has now started to filter through the different
refrigeration
a company specializing in HVAC systems for
divisions. As a result, CO2 systems have been
major store renovations. While CO2 is used in
supermarket stores. These have to be adapted
installed in the provinces of British Columbia
supermarkets, ammonia is employed in Sobeys’
to the high levels of humidity generated in-
(2), Alberta (3), Saskatchewan (1), Manitoba (2),
warehouses and distribution centers.
store by washing and cooking processes, and
solution
for
new
stores
and
Ontario (2) and New Foundland (1).
the spray used to keep the fruit and vegetables fresh. For the commercial refrigeration
WE DIDN’T WANT TO RELIVE ANOTHER PHASEOUT, A MONTREAL PROTOCOL 3.0 ”
system, it is very important to have an HVAC system designed to dehumidify the store. Sobeys is investigating the possibility of using CO2 HVAC systems, but according to
So why do it? With CO2, Sobeys would be set for
If a corporate Sobeys store replacing R22 needs
director of engineering Yves Hugron the
life. “We didn’t want to relive another phaseout,
only a minor retrofit, such as a few more cabinets,
market is not yet ready. The current natural
a ‘Montreal Protocol 3.0,’” Hugron explained.
it will use an interim synthetic refrigerant, or drop
refrigerant HVAC systems are far too costly
(This would happen if HFCs, considered potent
in, for the remainder of the system’s lifetime.
when compared with those that use synthetic
greenhouse gases, come under the Protocol’s
Otherwise Sobeys will replace R22 with a natural
refrigerants.
authority, as many expect.) “We were and are still
refrigerant.
in the middle of a ‘Montreal Protocol 2.0,’ already
Together with Carnot, Sobeys has trialed an
in phaseout mode, and we did not want to face
Hugron thinks the transition to natural refrigerants
integrated CO2 refrigeration system that is
the same thing again.”
will be accelerated by the disappearance of R22.
linked to the store’s HVAC system. However,
While he does not yet feel the pressure to switch
the evaporation temperatures have penalized
While some may still question whether HFCs and
all stores immediately, he is aware that the
the system’s efficiency. For this reason Sobeys
other man-made greenhouse gases are causing
reduction in R22 stocks will mean rising prices --
still prefers to work with racks with higher
climate change, for Sobeys it is a pressing
some say exponentially -- and that this will cause
evaporation temperatures that are specially
problem that must be tackled, said Hugron.
the replacement process to accelerate.
designed for HVAC.
continued on p.26 February 2015 Accelerate America
25
YUKON Food Retail
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
NUNAVUT
Hudson bay
BRITISH COLUMBIA
c
ALBERTA MANITOBA
ONTARIO S A S K A TC H E WA N
The first generation of CO2 systems, including cascade models, were
Energy efficiency has also improved dramatically. This is very important
prototypes, which experienced a few leaks, used more energy than traditional
given that refrigeration systems represents around 50% of a store’s energy
systems, and experienced growing pains, which can only be expected with a
costs. Using current CO2 technology, Sobeys reduced its refrigeration energy
brand new technology. The first CO2 supermarkets were pioneers; each was
costs by about 8% compared with traditional systems.
a “live laboratory” that has to contend with the problems that come with in-store testing. For example, in some stores the engineering team had to
Is there value to Sobeys in marketing its sustainability achievements? In
completely change the compressors.
layman’s terms investing in a CO2 refrigeration system is the equivalent of removing 3,000 cars from the road every year. To communicate this fact to
Sobeys also faced a shortage of components in North America, including
its customers and raise awareness of the retailer’s green credentials, store
valves and plate heat exchangers for high-pressure CO2 applications. As a
openings do feature extra signage highlighting the green technology in-
result, the retailer ended up working very closely with system and component
store.
manufacturers to fine- tune the nascent CO2 refrigeration technology. However, with supermarkets and convenience stores already overburdened Today, the systems installed by Sobeys are very stable and reliable,
with signs and advertising, the emphasis in this crowded space remains not
with capacities ranging from 80 to 250 tons of refrigeration. These are
on highlighting green credentials, but on selling products.
manufactured now by three companies for better economies of scale. CSC is no longer operating.
Refrigeration is a necessary part of running a supermarket but is not the core business. It is the products on sale that must get the most attention.
Hugron believes that system manufacturers in Quebec have a completely
“Highlighting the low prices of our tomatoes compared to those of our
changed mindset. They are now more interested in manufacturing CO2 racks
competitors remains a priority over highlighting the green technology
than in R507 or R407 racks. Some manufacturers have even gone so far as
cooling those tomatoes,” said Hugron
to stop manufacturing synthetic refrigerant racks completely. Gradually, initial system costs have come down for Sobeys.. In the early days a CO2 system, compared with a synthetic refrigerant system, would easily cost around 25%-30% higher. The systems now cost the same, and in some cases CO2 systems are actually cheaper than traditional commercial refrigeration technologies using R507.
26
Accelerate America February 2015
JTL + MC
North Atlantic Ocean
Food Retail
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
QUÉBEC
NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK
SOBEYS’ CASCADE AND TRANSCRITICAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS »»CO2 transcritical
QUÉBEC »»St-Félix de Valois »»Coteaux-du-Lac »»Laval-Ouest »»Cap-Rouge »»Cookshire »»Bromont »»St-Charles de Drummond »»Kirkland »»St-Augustin (Mirabel) »»Repentigny »»Dorval »»St-Rémi de Napierville »»Granby »»Disraèli »»Valleyfield »»L’Annonciation »»Mercier »»Ste-Agathe des Monts
»»St-Donat »»Pont-Rouge »»Grenville »»Delson »»Val Belair »»East Angus »»Masson-Angers »»Lasarre »»Gatineau »»St-Côme »»Cap-De-La-Madeleine »»St-Nicephore »»St-Georges Est »»St-Sauveur »»Lachenaie »»Laval »»Montreal Millen »»Bromptonville
BRITISH COLUMBIA »»Courtenay
»»Comox
ALBERTA »»Lewis Estates
»»Newcastle
»»Terrebonne »»Amos »»St-Césaire »»Vaudreuil-Dorion »»New Richmond »»Paspébiac »»St-Jean-Richelieu »»Sherbrooke »»Richelieu »»Boucherville »»Chicoutimi »»Montréal / Fleury »»Terrebonne »»Gatineau »»Magog »»St-Amable »»Chandler »»St-Pie de Bagot
»»CO2 cascade
»»Victoriaville »»Riviere-Du-Loup »»Ste-Brigitte de Laval »»Montréal / Centre-ville »»St-Félicien »»Ste-Julie »»Montréal / Centre-ville »»Boischatel »»St-Antoine des Laurentides »»Ste-Thérèse »»Rimouski »»Longueuil »»Ayers Cliff »»Temiscamigue »»Montréal / Shamrock »»Ste-Canut
»»Nolan Hill
SASKATCHEWAN »»Stonebridge MANITOBA »»Kildonan
»»Sage Creek
ONTARIO »»Milton
»»Stratford
NEWFOUNDLAND »» Paradise
February 2015 Accelerate America
27
Food Storage
‘OUR MOTIVATION: TO BE MORE GREEN’ Courchesne Larose’s reliable NH3-CO2 refrigeration system uses natural refrigerants to save energy, improve safety and be more competitive. — By Michael Garry and Marc Chasserot
Richard Sevigny Operations manager, Courchesne Larose
Montréal Québec
As a major wholesaler of fruits and vegetables,
up from the R22-based DX system employed at
Courchesne Larose for the past 13 years, in a
Montreal-based Courchesne Larose Ltd. runs a
its former facility. For one thing, the new system
recent interview with Accelerate America. “We
very “green” business, replete with cucumbers,
eliminates the ozone-layer-depleting and climate-
wanted to be the first to say to our customers
lettuces,
warming R22 (global warming potential of 1,700)
that we’re green.”
(not-yet-ripe)
bananas
and
other
verdant-colored products.
in favor of natural refrigerants with no effect on
But with its modern distribution center, opened
the ozone layer and global warming potentials of
Courchesne Larose’s customers are food retailers
just one (C02) and zero (NH3).
throughout Canada and the east coast of the
three years ago, the company has transitioned
U.S., many of which are serving an increasingly
to a different kind of green, the environmental
The Carnot system is also much more efficient
environment-conscious shopper base and want
kind, best represented by its all-natural ammonia
than its predecessor, both in terms of electricity
to work with suppliers that share the same
(NH3)-carbon
consumption and in the use of heat reclaim and
values. “More and more [retailers] care about
system, supplied by Carnot Refrigeration.
hot gas defrost.
it,” said Sevigny. “They’re not all there, but more
The NH3-CO2 system, a DX (direct expansion),
“Our motivation was to be more green,” said
medium temperature unit, is a significant step
Richard
dioxide
(CO2)
refrigeration
and more. And if they want to be with a company
28
Accelerate America February 2015
Sevigny,
operations
manager
for
that’s green, they have to come over here.”
Food Storage
CONFINED AMMONIA Courchesne Larose’s warehouse is 100,000
The NH3-CO2 system confines the ammonia to
material costs by 31.5%. In addition it limits the
square feet and 40 feet high -- 30,000 square feet
the mechanical room, using CO2 to cool medium
use of paraseismic hangers to support pipes.
bigger and 20 feet higher than the old facility. It
temperature areas. This drastically reduces
includes 22 ripening rooms for bananas, a main
the quantity of ammonia used, compared to
Through its first three years of operation, the
dock with 19 garage doors, and a banana dock
a conventional ammonia warehouse system,
NH3-CO2 system has been largely problem-free,
with three garage doors. The temperature in the
without energy penalty, said Carnot. Moreover,
Sevigny said. “So far, we’re lucky. It’s better than
rooms varies between 34°F and 42°F.
keeping the NH3 in the machine room increases
expected.” From a leak perspective, for example,
the safety of the building for employees.
the system is vastly superior to the half-century-
The building, which can handle more than 4.5
old R22 system, which was leak-prone. Sevigny
million pounds of produce daily, can be expanded
According to Carnot, the system reduces piping
is able to control the system remotely, including
to two-and-a-half times its current size.
and insulation size by more than half compared
from home, which makes his life much easier, he
to a non-CO2 system, cutting related labor and
acknowledged.
FOUR TIMES AS EFFICIENT Though Sevigny declined to say how much
evaporator defrost, avoiding the need for electric
components of the ammonia loop, and delivers
energy the NH3-CO2 system is saving Courchesne
defrost.
substantial energy savings.
are controlling energy consumption. For example,
Another energy-saving feature is “free cooling,”
“We expect that [free cooling] will reduce the
though the new facility has triple the storage area
by which the system leverages cold ambient
total energy (kWH) requirement of the building,
of the old building, Courchesne Larose has been
temperatures (not uncommon in Canada) to
compared to a direct NH3 building,” said Carnot in
able to maintain the same energy costs. This
efficiently enhance the cooling effect. When
a company document.
has been possible, according to Carnot, in part
using CO2 in direct expansion in cascade with
because the energy efficiency of the NH3-CO2
ammonia, the system enters free-cooling mode
Finally,
system is four times that of the R22 system in
when the outside temperature is below 8°C
maintains stable temperatures, allowing fruits
the former warehouse.
(46°F). This mode is maintained for 4,000 hours
and vegetables to remain in fresh condition
in the Montreal area.
longer. This enables Courchesne Larose to buy at
Larose, he pointed to a number of features that
The NH3-CO2 system also saves energy by
NH3-CO2
refrigeration
system
a lower price, giving it a distinct advantage vis-à-
reclaiming heat from the discharge gases of
While
the CO2 compressors and routing it to offices
compressors completely stop. (NH3 is not needed
and warehouse space, as well as to domestic or
to cool the CO2.) This increases the lifetime of the
process water heating. And it delivers hot gas for
compressors, the lubrication system and other
NH3-CO2 DX refrigeration system at Courchesne Larose’s produce warehouse,
the
in
free-cooling
mode,
the
ammonia
vis its competitors. “We can be more aggressive in the marketplace,” said Sevigny
MG + MC
System Specs Courchesne Larose’s NH3-CO2 refrigeration system at its produce warehouse has the following attributes: »» Ammonia in the machine room and carbon dioxide in the cooling areas. »» Medium-temperature compressors for NH3 and CO2 »» Medium-temperature capacity of 1,600 KW »» Temperature in product rooms varies between 34°F and 42°F. »» Free cooling. »» Heat recovery. »» Hot-gas defrost
February 2015 Accelerate America
29
Policy
www.carnotrefrigeration.com
passion. innovation. thoroughness.
we offer An exclusive pArtnership with integrAted ApproAch – Design and engineering Manufacturing Joint venture with local contrator Commissioning
30
Accelerate America February 2015
we provide A strong experience for your mAjor projects – Warehouse Supermarket Ice Arena Sports Center
we creAte inovAtive, customized And sustAinAble solutions – High technology Secure systems Constant reliability Incredible energy efficiency
P P oo ll ii cc yy
— By James Ranson
ARE MAJOR CLIMATE ACCORDS ON THE HORIZON? Preliminary agreements at the Lima Summit and the Montreal Protocol meeting in Paris could lead to breakthroughs in 2015, though barriers remain.
Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, minister of the environment of Peru and president-designate of COP 20 and CMP 10
A
re the countries of the world finally
modeled on the Montreal Protocol’s phasedown
The sum total of those plans would constitute the
headed toward agreements that can
of CFC and HCFCs (chlorofluorocarbons and
final agreement that would be formalized in Paris
slow the rise of global temperatures
hydrochlororfluorocarbons)
in December and put into effect by 2020.
and prevent the worst effects of climate change?
would
certainly
shake up the refrigeration marketplace and potentially boost demand for natural refrigerants.
There were some encouraging signs in 2014.
Also on the HFCs front, the Canadian Environment Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced on Dec. 5
In particular, two major meetings at the end of
At the same time, the Lima meeting’s Conference
-- simultaneous with the Lima conference -- that
year – the Montreal Protocol’s Meeting of the
of Parties to the UNFCCC (United Nations
Canada was following through on its commitment
Parties that took place in Paris in November and
Framework Convention on Climate Change) set
to reduce HFCS by publishing a “Notice of Intent
the global climate summit held in Lima, Peru, in
the stage for ratification of a global accord at a
to Regulate Hydrofluorocarbons.”
December -- raised hopes that agreements may
meeting slated for December 2015 in Paris that
come about in 2015 to curb the greenhouse gas
would commit 196 countries, including the U.S.,
Like the U.S., the Canadian government is looking
emissions that are causing temperatures to rise.
China and the European Union, to remediation
at prohibiting the use of some high GWP (global
efforts aimed at all greenhouse gases.
Warming potential) HFCs, including, R507 and
For
example,
despite
some
roadblocks,
R404A, in certain applications where lower-GWP
the parties to the Montreal Protocol took
The accord struck in Lima essentially put in
alternatives are readily available. The targeted
steps
would
motion a process by which each nation would
applications include commercial and stand-
phase down the production and use of HFCs
design its own plan by March 31 to reduce
alone refrigeration systems as well as vending
(hydrofluorocarbons), the potent greenhouse
greenhouse gas emissions. HFCs, currently under
machines; only new equipment would be affected.
gas still widely used in North America as a
the reporting requirements of the Kyoto Protocol,
refrigerant. (See Accelerate America, Dec. 2014-
would certainly represent low-hanging fruit in any
Jan. 2015 issue, page 30.) Such an agreement,
emissions-reduction plan.
towards
an
agreement
that
continued on p.32
February 2015 Accelerate America
31
Policy
SOME DRAWBACKS By getting both developed and developing
emissions. Today’s joint announcement, the
countries – rich and poor -- to commit to
culmination of months of bilateral dialogue,
cutting back on greenhouse gas emissions,
highlights the critical role the two countries must
The text contained in the Lima draft is
the Lima Accord represents a landmark in the
play in addressing climate change,” the statement
deliberately passive. Countries are “invited” to
climate change fight, while also falling short of
said.
“consider communicating their undertakings”
expectations. For example, it includes no legally
of carbon reduction.
which “may include, as appropriate” relevant
binding requirements, and also fails to deliver
Importantly, the U.S. promised to more than
“quantifiable information…time frames and/or
what scientists believe is necessary to prevent
double the rate of reduction of its emissions, from
periods.” A compromise was reached on what
global temperatures from growing by more than
1.2% per year on average during the 2005-2020
kind of information countries must share in their
3.6°F beyond pre-industrial levels.
period to 2.3%-2.8% between 2020 and 2025.
emission-reduction plans as they look to and
China announced it would start reducing its use of
beyond 2020.
Still, the Lima agreement could lead to the first
coal within six years, following an EU undertaking
binding emission-reduction targets since the
to cut its greenhouse-gas contribution by 40% by
By November 2015, a month prior to the Paris
Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997.
2030. All told, this means the nations responsible
meeting, the UNFCCC secretariat will publish a
for more than half the world’s carbon dioxide
report on the aggregate effect of the reduction
The world’s two biggest emitters, the U.S. and
emissions are working to convert their economies
targets.
China paved the way for the Lima Accord in
to low-carbon ones.
November with a joint announcement on their
There remains the fear that, with little threat of
plans to address climate change. President
Under the Lima Accord, the remainder of the
action, countries will simply put forward weak
Barack Obama presented an ambitious 2025
world’s nations will also need to put forward
plans that amount to little more than tokens.
target to cut emissions by 26% - 28% as compared
policies outlining just how they will achieve
Worse still, nations could submit no plan at all.
to 2005 levels. Meanwhile, Chinese President Xi
cuts in carbon emissions. These plans, known
However, it’s hoped the threat of international
Jinping said China’s CO2 emissions would peak
within the U.N. as the “Intended Nationally
condemnation – “naming and shaming” -- will
around 2030, albeit without specifying what they
Determined Contributions,” are dictated by each
prevent countries from merely paying lip service
would be.
nation’s unique economy and domestic policies.
to the agreement.
This flexible strategy – in contrast to an all“Together, the U.S. and China account for
encompassing mandate -- helped secure the
over one third of global greenhouse gas
willingness of every country to enact some kind
HELPING THE VULNERABLE Another major initiative, designed to help
the link to finance and the development of
force polluters in China to pay for their greenhouse
vulnerable
their
national adaptation plans,” said Manuel Pulgar-
gas emissions. But there remains skepticism that
emissions as well as adapt to the impacts of
Vidal, president of the Conference of Parties in
China is interested in cutting pollution only to
climate change, is the Green Climate Fund,
Lima and Peru’s Minister of Environment.
mitigate domestic unrest as increasingly bad air
developing
nations
reduce
supported by financial donations from developed countries.
hastened by coal power production continues to Still, as has been the case since the very first
plague the nation’s standard of living.
mandate in Berlin in 1995, major disagreements The fund is seen as a crucial platform to
rage on between developed and developing
Meanwhile, economic growth remains India’s
help bridge the gap between developed and
countries, as well as between countries willing
top priority, even if it means investing in the
developing nations as the latter strive to invest
to shoulder responsibility and those tending to
construction of hundreds of new coal-fired
in low-emission projects. It is also seen as key
shirk it. The latter category includes countries
power plants to deliver cheap electricity. “We’ve
to achieving a meaningful binding agreement on
like India, the world’s third biggest emitter and
got what we wanted,” said Indian Environment
climate action at the Paris summit.
Australia, considered the worst performing
Minister Prakash Javedekar.
industrial country on climate action. The Fund has been gaining momentum with 11th-hour
contributions
from
Belgium
And Vladimir Putin’s Russia continues to scoff
and
The Lima draft describes this as “the principle
at international opinion, while Australia, the
Australia, and new contributions from Norway,
of common but differentiated responsibilities
only government to repeal a climate policy, was
Peru, Colombia and Austria bringing the total
and respective capabilities, in light of different
conspicuous in its silence as other delegates
pledged to $10.2 billion. China, too, delved into its
national circumstances.”
from around the world praised the Lima Accord.
pockets, pledging $10 million for the South-South Cooperation and agreeing to double it next year.
32
In the U.S., President Obama appears committed
Thus it remains to be seen whether international
to
as
scrutiny will be sufficient for world leaders to
“Lima has given a new urgency towards fast-
cornerstone of his legacy. Xi Jinping’s Chinese
finally push through new global warming laws in
tracking adaptation and building resilience across
government is investigating a cap-and-trade
Paris next December
the developing world - not least by strengthening
system that would be introduced in 2016 and
Accelerate America February 2015
fighting
climate
change,
seeing
it
JR
Policy
GREENER CHINA IS TURNING TOWARDS NATURAL REFRIGERANTS A new study by shecco and the Chinese Association of Refrigeration shows a growing market for naturals in the wake of government regulations — By Elke Miner and Caixia Mao
6.3%
4.7%
1.9%
ASSOCIATION
CONSULTANCY / MARKETING
of future trends.
END USER
the nation’s delayed start won’t necessarily be indicative
Gree – have the capacity to supply half the world’s
9.8%
like Europe, Japan and even North America. However, In fact, its top three manufacturers – Haier, Midea and
TRAINING / RESEARCH
natural-refrigerant adoption, compared with markets
13.0%
Thus far, China has been slow to leave the gate in
industry.
ENGINEERING / CONTRACTOR
manufacturer and exporter in the global HVAC&R
20.9%
second largest economy in the world – and a major
PROFILE OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS
COMPONENT SUPPLIER
both by manufacturers and end users.
60.6%
to a much greater use of natural refrigerants in China,
China has made remarkable progress in becoming the
SYSTEM MANUFACTURER
As a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion,
demand for HVAC&R products. In the future, many of those products may include natural refrigerants as
To get a clearer picture of the status and potential of
China looks for ways to become a greener nation.
natural refrigerants in the growing Chinese economy, market expert shecco, in collaboration with the Chinese
China’s rapidly developing economy has put it at the top
Association of Refrigeration (CAR), launched an
of the list of the world’s top polluters, and increasing
industry-wide study last summer.
domestic concerns over air pollution have led the government to make a historic move to revamp its
The
environmental law. The new rules are said to be the
analysis of the Chinese market, will be published in
study,
a
first-ever
comprehensive
industry
strictest yet, with a monitoring and retribution system
February as “GUIDE China 2015: Natural Refrigerants
for polluters, and it is expected that this new law will
– Market Trends & Potential in China.” The GUIDE will
prove an important driver in making business more
focus on key application areas in the Chinese market,
aware of their environmental impacts.
including commercial, light commercial and industrial refrigeration, CO2 heat pumps, and R290 in room air
In the HVAC&R sphere, China has also taken steps to
conditioning. It will include the results of a survey of
limit greenhouse gas emissions. Recent developments
suppliers, trainers, contractors, end users, and other
include reversing its former position and agreeing to
stakeholders; and it will also offer exclusive insights
support a phasedown of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons)
from government officials, leading researchers, industry
via the Montreal Protocol, as well as striking an accord
experts and end users active in a variety of application
with President Obama that includes beginning to phase
areas of the HVAC&R industry.
down the use of HFCs. Overall, the GUIDE will shed light on the current These government actions, coupled with increased
use of natural refrigerants, expectations for market
emphasis
development, and barriers and challenges facing the
on
energy
efficiency
and
technology
development in the HVAC&R industry to maintain China’s competitive edge in the world market, could lead
34
Accelerate America February 2015
Chinese market.
Policy
ON THE RISE Having collected nearly 1,000 responses, the
should focus on safety, high efficiency and
GUIDEs shecco-CAR survey results suggest that
reduced carbon emissions.
U S E O F N AT U R A L REFRIGERANTS VS F-GASES I N C H I N A TO DAY
13.7%
industry will follow this trend in production.
AIR
America, adopt natural refrigerants, Chinese
organization already uses or offers solutions
22.7%
export markets, particularly Europe and North
sizeable number of respondents indicated their
W AT E R
around the globe. This means that as China’s
HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons). However, a
23.6%
ozone-depleting
employing
AMMONIA
and keeping up with technology advancements
60%
26.5%
three-quarters
HYDROCARBONS
the world market by improving energy efficiency
respondents still use HFCs, and more than still
that
30.5%
of
are
found
CARBON DIOXIDE
survey
62.3%
emphasis on maintaining a competitive edge in The
HCFCs
Moreover, the government is putting increased
75.1%
China.
HFCs
natural refrigerants are indeed on the rise in
using natural refrigerants, including carbon dioxide (30%), ammonia (23%) and hydrocarbons
For example, respondents to the shecco-CAR
(26%).
study have indicated that CO2 and hydrocarbons are likely to take a strong share of the Chinese
Furthermore, of those not yet using or offering
light commercial refrigeration market, largely due
systems using natural refrigerants, nearly 50%
to the vast influence of the EU F-Gas Regulation
reported that their organizations would do so in
revisions on HFC replacement. In fact, refrigerant
the future, indicating a significantly increased
replacement offers China a unique opportunity to
market share on the horizon. In addition, 30% of
overtake other nations in the HVAC&R industry,
respondents were unsure whether or not their
said China’s Foreign Economic Cooperation Office
organization would adopt natural refrigerants,
of the Ministry of Environmental Protection at the
further expanding the potential number of
2014 HVAC&R Industry Development Forum.
companies employing natural coolants in the future.
According to the results of the shecco-CAR survey, Chinese industry is very receptive to
For the Chinese market, going natural makes
this opportunity and is keen on increasing
economic sense. The government is already
research and development in natural refrigerants
aware that the increased efficiency many natural
technology. Among those companies indicating
refrigerant solutions offer is an important way to
a clear plan for future use of refrigerants, nearly
help the economy continue to grow, but within
100% reported they intend to increase R&D
a more sustainable model. And the government
efforts for natural refrigerants.
FUTURE PLANS F O R N O N - N AT U R A L REFRIGERANTS USERS
32.8%
has noted that future technology developments
48.7%
NEW POLICY DRIVERS
18.5%
In terms of policy, the turn of the new year will
Already,
build on earlier moves aimed at HFCs. For
is entering a period of transition, in which
example, it will be a pivotal moment for those
increased emphasis is placed on safety and
still using HCFCs, as China aims to phase down
energy efficiency. This is particularly evident in
HCFCs by 10%, leading to a phase out in 2030.
the amplified adoption of CO2/NH3 indirect and
In addition, in April 2014, the Chinese government
cascade systems in place of older systems.
announced
reduce
And 2015 is expected to be a significant year
emissions, including HFCs, by 280 million tons of
in room air conditioning as well, likely including
CO2 equivalent by 2015.
the
a
short-term
target
to
the
industrial
commercialization
applications
refrigeration
of
R290
sector
(propane)
Ye s , I wi l l use n atu r al re f r i ger ants Do n o t kn o w th e plan ye t No , I wi l l n o t use n atu r al re f r i ger ants
EM + CM
Key industry stakeholders that participated in the survey indicated that global and national HFC regulations and, within China, the introduction of standards allowing for the use of natural refrigerants, are the strongest drivers for the development of natural refrigerant technologies and the growing use of these refrigerants in China.
February 2015 Accelerate America
35
Vendor Profile
Jonathan Holloway Strategic Marketing Director, Climate & Energy Danfoss North America
DANFOSS IS MOVING THE MARKET TOWARDS NATURAL REFRIGERANTS The Danish components maker is engaged in research, training, education and standards development in support of what it sees as a growing phenomenon in North America. — By Michael Garry and Marc Chasserot
36
Accelerate America February 2015
Vendor Profile
As North American food retailers assess the prospects for future regulations of refrigerants, they can read the handwriting on the wall: more are on the way. Given this reality, many merchants are looking for a more
According to Jonathan Holloway, Danfoss’ strategic marketing
“future-proof” refrigeration solution not subject to the vagaries
director, climate & energy, North America, the company is
of government oversight. And as their counterparts in Europe
engaged in research on four technologies that can maximize
have already done in large numbers, some here are turning
the benefits and overcome the barriers to broad adoption
to natural-refrigerant-based equipment, such as transcritical
of transcritical systems: parallel compression, ejectors,
booster systems incorporating carbon dioxide.
mechanical subcooling and adiabatic condensers.
Most of the North American transcritical systems have been
“All of [these technologies] are changing the game in terms of
deployed in climates that have a significant winter season
where the ‘efficiency equator’ stands,” said Holloway, a former
because these systems typically operate more efficiently in
banking executive who has served in marketing roles for
cooler climates. Now the race is on to develop technology that
Danfoss since 2011, during a recent interview with Accelerate
can make transcritical a truly universal refrigeration option for
America at Danfoss’s Baltimore offices. “We are working with
supermarkets, suitable for any climate.
all of [them] to help our customers be ready for field trials so
“
THESE TECHNOLOGIES ARE CHANGING THE GAME IN TERMS OF WHERE THE ‘EFFICIENCY
that CO2 can be expanded in North America.” With a solid business in traditional HVAC&R technology, why is Danfoss so keen on promoting natural refrigerants? Currently natural-refrigerant-related components represent less than 10% of the company’s North American sales, which is reflective of where the market as a whole stands.
EQUATOR’ STANDS”
But that’s today. With regulations likely to play a major role,
Danfoss, the venerable Danish manufacturer of controls,
North America, starting with transcritical systems. “Based
valves, compressors and other components, is an eager
on activities we’ve seen with our customers, we are moving
participant in that contest.
through the early adoption phase [and] scaling up,” said
Danfoss sees a robust future for natural refrigerants in
Holloway, who expects the number of U.S. transcritical store Founded in 1933, Danfoss, based in Nordborg, Denmark, has
installations to surpass 100 in 2016. “I see CO2 growing in
one of the most far-flung manufacturing and sales operations
momentum. I don’t see this slowing down.”
geared to HVAC&R applications, with factories in 19 countries and sales teams in 49.
It’s not all about business for Danfoss. Environmental considerations have long been a part of its history and infuse
In North America, where it has operated since 1958, the
its culture. “Danfoss as a company is very concerned about the
company has more than 4,000 employees and generated nearly
environment,” said Holloway. Within food retail, for example,
a quarter of its $5.3 billion annual sales in 2013. Headquartered
“we see [natural refrigerant technology] as the right solution
in Baltimore, Md., Danfoss North America has bolstered its
for the environment.” A member of the United Nations Global
portfolio with a series of acquisitions over the past 30 years
Compact, Danfoss has announced its intention to generate
and now has locations throughout the Midwest and South.
25% less carbon equivalent and use 25% more renewable energy by 2025.
But Danfoss is not a company to rest on its laurels. It invested 4.3% of its 2013 annual sales in innovation, and now its research and development is squarely targeting CO2 refrigeration.
continued on p.38
February 2015 Accelerate America
37
Vendor Profile
A Big Focus Traditional supermarkets are not the only retail outlet where CO2 is catching
An Albertsons store in Carpinteria, Calif. (originally owned by Supervalu but
on, noted Holloway. Following a trend in Japan, downsized, modular systems
now owned by Albersons LLC), which employs an ammonia-CO2 cascade
for smaller merchants such as convenience stores represent “a big focus in
refrigeration system, shows that smaller-scale ammonia systems can work
the market,” he said. “This is one of the ways the game can change.” But
even in retail settings, he noted.
smaller systems require different components – an area where Danfoss can help end users make the necessary adjustments.
Danfoss is also examining how hydrocarbons such as propane (R290) and isobutane (R600a) can be more widely used. While these refrigerants are
Holloway also sees potential for CO2, among natural refrigerant options, in
highly efficient, and are being adopted in beverage coolers, there remain
refrigerated trucking applications. “There are some CO2 solutions on the
flammability concerns and charge limits. “These can be addressed with
market today that will continue to evolve.”
proper insulation, service and system design,” said Holloway. “We have been working in a lab in Baltimore with manufacturers to optimize their systems
Danfoss has its eye on other natural refrigerants as well, such as ammonia.
for hydrocarbon applications.”
The company has long been involved in ammonia refrigeration systems used by industrial warehouses and production plants, but now it is helping
Other areas where natural refrigerants will play a role include data centers and
develop smaller, lower-charge applications, even packaged systems. “This
ice rinks, Holloway observed. But he sees much less applicability to HVAC, at
could change the cost equation, making ammonia systems easier to apply
least in North America. For example, heat pumps using hydrocarbons, which
for end users,” said Holloway.
Danfoss is pursuing in Europe, have been held up in the U.S. by regulations.
The Value of Support Beyond its R&D efforts, Danfoss has myriad other ways of furthering the
still relatively uncommon in North America? “To the extent that natural
adoption of natural refrigerants in North America.
refrigerants are proven as a more efficient solution, I don’t know why they wouldn’t want to support that,” said Holloway.
For one, it is heavily invested in training personnel and nurturing their expertise in natural refrigerant applications in order to help customers
Danfoss recently took its support of natural refrigerants to the national
improve efficiency and design, adapt to regulations, and have successful
stage. It was among 22 companies that assembled at the White House
implementations. “Support is an underplayed point,” said Holloway. “Our
last September to make a commitment to slashing emissions of HFCs
engagement with customers and making sure projects are a success are
(hydrofluororcarbons) by using alternative climate-friendly technologies.
also critical to making sure this momentum continues.” In particular, Danfoss announced that, it is forming a stakeholder task Danfoss is also helping to educate the marketplace about natural refrigerants
force to accelerate the adoption of standards and building codes for next-
through its EnVisioneering Symposia Series, which bring together policy
generation, low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants, including
makers, utilities, equipment manufacturers and contractors to discuss the
natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons.
“tough issues,” said Holloway. “Natural refrigerants have risen to a higher area of the agenda the past couple of years.”
“We see the market moving, and we have a role in pushing it that way,” Holloway said
MG + MC
Another tactic is to work with utilities on offering incentives in support of natural solutions. How can Danfoss justify incentives for a technology
DANFOSS QUICK FACTS
38
»» Founded in 1933 by Mads Clausen
»» 2013 North American percentage of sales: 23%
»» Worldwide headquarters: Nordborg, Denmark
»» 2013 percentage of sales invested in innovation: 4.3%
»» Ownership: Privately held
»» Global employees: 24,000
»» Opened first US sales office in 1958
»» North American employees (including Mexico): 4,030
»» North American headquarters: Baltimore, Md.
»» Factories: 64 in 19 countries
»» 2013 global sales: $5.33 billion.
»» Top three markets: US, Germany and China
Accelerate America February 2015
AMERICA
business case June 25 & 26 2015 — Atlanta, Georgia
ATMOsphere America 2015 is moving South to Atlanta, Georgia for its 4th annual conference on June 25th & 26th. Through its proven formula of end user and regulatory panels, market trends and technology case study sessions, workshops and unparalleled networking opportunities, ATMOsphere America 2015 will again serve as THE forum for discussions about the business case for natural refrigerants in North & South America. An Early Bird Special promotion of 15% off the standard registration will be running until Saturday, February 14th, 2015. Don't miss out, register at www.ATMO.org/america2015/registration Email:
info@ATMO.org Phone North America:
(+1) 202 657 6164 Phone Europe:
(+32) 2 230 37 00 Visit:
www.ATMO.org
J u n e 2 5 & 26 2015 — A tl a nta , G e orgi a mo re in f o on w w w.ATMO.org/ a m e r i c a 2015
Training
Rusty Walker Senior Trainer Hillphoenix Learning Center
IT’S NOT ROCKET SCIENCE. IT’S JUST REFRIGERATION At Hillphoenix’s Learning Center, chief trainer Rusty Walker demystifies natural refrigerants. — By Michael Garry and Marc Chasserot
40
Accelerate America February 2015
Training
Fans of the Star Wars film series will recall the
Ga., but Walker, who has been in the HVAC&R
transcritical, cascade and secondary systems,
Ewok, a small, primitive creature that looks like
industry almost 30 years, also travels the country
while others cover a range of conventional DX
a teddy bear. As an instructor for refrigeration
to conduct regional programs. The Center offers
(direct expansion) technologies as well as basic
manufacturer Hillphoenix, Rusty Walker invokes
a growing online instruction program as well.
refrigeration concepts. Attendees can customize
the character as a way of allaying the concerns
their course selection over a one-, two- or three-
of his students about new systems using carbon
“What we found in the refrigeration industry is
day period. Courses use manuals written by
dioxide as a natural refrigerant.
a huge gap where technicians and engineers
in-house technical writers Bill Katz and David
are not necessarily trained like they used to be,”
Moorehead.
“One of my goals,” he said in a recent interview
he said. “It was [Hillphoenix vice president of
with Accelerate America, “is just to be like a little
marketing] Henry Pellerin’s vision that we needed
Of the Learning Center’s 23,000 students, more
bitty Ewok and just give everybody a big hug and
to somehow do something about it instead of
than half – about 12,000 – have received training
say, ‘It’s OK, it’s just refrigeration! We’re not going
just complain. So we put the Learning Center
in
to kill anybody! It’s fantastic!’”
together.”
equipment using CO2. Given the relative newness
Walker, the senior trainer at the Hillphoenix
Walker also speaks at HVAC&R educational
Learning Center, oversees an educational program
organizations like AHSRAE and RSES and
that has explained the intricacies of refrigeration
participates in online chat groups like HVAC-Talk.
natural-refrigerant
systems,
particularly
of natural refrigerants, this may be the area where
installation, maintenance and commissioning to
Walker’s training is most needed. “For years our industry never changed,” he said. “But now, with environmental and energy
more than 23,000 students – mostly contractors,
At the Learning Center, Hillphoenix offers an
concerns, we have new systems and refrigerants.
technicians and engineers, but some end users
array of courses at prices ranging from $59 to
We have to educate people in the usage and
as well – since its inception in 2006. Much of
$299 (see www.hillphoenixlc.com). Several of
installation of those systems.”
the training takes place at the Center in Conyers,
the courses address CO2 refrigeration, including
JUST ANOTHER REFRIGERANT One of Walker’s most important tasks as
discussion and not a lecture, then everybody
difference [from conventional systems],” Walker
an educator is to address the anxieties and
learns,” he said. “A lecture bores me as well.”
said.
CO2 technologies. “When people ask if CO2 is
In the CO2 sessions, attendees also get “hands-
He also encourages attendees to rely on
dangerous, my answer is yes, but so is R22, and
on” experience with the systems. “We have a
their training for DX systems in approaching
we’ve used R22 forever,” he said.
transcritical rack at the Learning Center and we’ll
transcritical technology. “I teach a couple of new
start pulling off the heads of the compressors,
things, maybe a new valve,” such as the high-
One area where CO2 does differ from other
open up the coalescent filters and look at the
pressure control valve and the flash-gas bypass
refrigerants is in the higher pressures under which
components,” he said. “What valves do we shut
valve, he said. “It’s not rocket science; it’s just
it operates. But Walker pointed out that the higher
to pump it down? What are the safeties built in?”
refrigeration.”
do occur, the system is built to handle them. “So
The Learning Center also has an operating
Some of Walker’s students come to realize that
it’s not a big deal; it’s just another refrigerant.”
transcritical rack at its R&D facility where
CO2 systems, which have fewer moving parts and
attendees can see the high pressures and work
use electronic expansion valves, are easier to
Walker’s teaching style is interactive. He asks
with the controllers. “Once they play with it,
install and maintain than conventional systems.
questions and waits for answers. “If it’s a
they start understanding this is not that big a
“That’s the fun part for me,” he said.
myths that have grown up around the safety of
pressures don’t exist in the store, and where they
MANUFACTURER’S RESPONSIBILITY While CO2 is the natural refrigerant the Learning
manufacturer, because trade schools have moved
Walker admits he is “drinking the CO2 Kool-Aid,”
Center is most focused on, hydrocarbons are
away from it. That’s especially true “if we want to
but believes his faith is justified. “When we can
also covered in the context of Hillphoenix’s
move people to natural refrigerants.”
use a refrigerant that is so efficient and has a
self-contained cases. The Center plans to offer
better latent heat transfer, I think we all win,” he
instruction on any natural refrigerants for which
He sees natural refrigerants helping to bring
said. “And it’s a natural refrigerant that doesn’t
there is a market demand.
young people who care about the environment
harm our environment”
MG + MC
into the HVAC&R industry, which has struggled Walker believes that refrigeration training has
to recruit young technicians. ‘We need young
become more of a responsibility of the system
people. That’s a fact.”
February 2015 Accelerate America
41
Vendor Profile
REFRIGERATE DIFFERENTLY So says Carnot Refrigeration, which, with Canadian grocer Sobeys, has put CO2 transcritical refrigeration on the map in North America
— By Michael Garry and Marc Chasserot
Marc-André Lesmerises Carnot Refrigeration
When Marc-André Lesmerises fulfilled a dream by co-founding Quebec-
The system was a hit, earning Carnot two awards from ASHRAE
based Carnot Refrigeration in 2008, he had the good fortune of immediately
(the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
striking a deal with the company that would become his biggest customer
Engineers). It was, to paraphrase the movie Casablanca, the beginning of
-- Sobeys, Canada’s second largest food retailer.
a beautiful relationship. Working together, Carnot and Sobeys have helped put transcritical refrigeration, which uses only carbon dioxide, on the map
That year, Lesmerises, who had received his degree in mechanical engineering
in North America (see page 26). “The journey started with Sobeys,” said
from Quebec University just five years earlier, oversaw the construction of
Lesmerises in a recent interview with Accelerate America.
an innovative refrigeration system for Sobeys’ dairy distribution center in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. It uses ammonia in the central chiller and glycol as a
Today, Carnot’s emphasis on natural refrigerants like CO2 is epitomized by
secondary fluid to maintain a temperature of 39°F. (4°C.) in the refrigerated
the phrase “refrigerate differently,” prominently displayed on its website.
space. Most of the facility’s heating is derived from the chiller’s condensers.
CHOOSING CO2 Following the successful Trois-Rivieres project, Sobeys asked Lesmerises to
Lesmerises described the evolution of Carnot’s supermarket CO2 installations
develop a system that would reduce the refrigerant charge in its stores. He
at shecco’s ATMOsphere America conference last June. Starting with two
began surveying natural-refrigerant solutions around the world.
stores in 2009, they grew to eight in 2010, 11 in 2011, and 45 in 2013.
Lesmerises initially looked at propane and ammonia applications in
Carnot’s initial CO2 systems were cascade models, but then in 2010 the
Sweden. But he couldn’t help noticing the rapid adoption of CO2 systems
company introduced its CO2-only transcritical system, which has been
in Europe between 2007 and 2009, and decided to pursue that route. “We
the basis for its supermarket business since then. Carnot has become,
understood rapidly after we did our first site that CO2 was the best option for
Lesmerises said, the North American leader in the number of transcritical
supermarkets,” he said.
CO2 systems installed in supermarkets.
Since then, Carnot has also designed CO2 systems for industrial warehouses
Sobeys overall operates 72 food stores with transcritical systems, which are
and ice rinks. In 2011, the company installed an ammonia-CO2 system in a
supplied now by three manufacturers.
produce warehouse operated by Courchesne Larose in Montreal. (See story, page 28.)
In addition to Sobeys, Carnot is working with six other supermarket chain customers on deploying its CO2 system, including its first U.S. customer,
42
Accelerate America February 2015
Vendor Profile
Hannaford Supermarkets. In 2013, Carnot’s
With demand for CO2 systems in North America
transcritical system became the first such system
expected to grow over the next few years, Carnot
installed in a U.S. supermarket, Hannaford’s store
is able to manufacturer 15 transcritical racks
in Turner, Maine. (See, “Does CO2 Refrigeration
per week, said Lesmerises. Carnot employs 15
Deliver?”, Accelerate America, Nov. 2014.)
engineers, five technicians, up to 30 production
MULTIPLE-AWARD WINNER
employees and five administrators. “It is good news that there are now more U.S. companies on board with this strategy and I’m
But Lesmerises still regards Carnot as a small
confident they will like what they get,” he said.
company that is growing along with the demand
After the massive adoption of CO2 refrigeration in
for CO2 systems. “We’ll take it one step at a time,
Europe, “it was only a question of time before the
which is always the way we do it,” he said. “We
U.S. jumped into that.”
don’t want to rush too fast because you need to deliver the quality and innovation.”
In its brief, six-year lifetime, Carnot Refrigeration has garnered a number of awards and recognitions: »» The company’s very first project – an
Carnot’s presence in the U.S. adds a new supplier to
ammonia-glycol refrigeration system at
the mix and thereby mitigates the risk of investing
Sobeys’ dairy distribution center in
in unconventional refrigeration technology. “U.S.
Trois-Rivières, Quebec -- won two awards
retailers say it’s refreshing to have a new serious
in 2010 from ASHRAE (the American
supplier in the market,” he noted.
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers): first place in the industrial facilities or process category, and a
OVERCOMING FEAR
technology case studies award.
The primary obstacle to further adoption of
To ensure a successful installation, Carnot works
»» Carnot’s transcritical installation at Hannaford
CO2 systems, Lesmerises believes, is fear of
on-site with an established network of installers
Supermarkets’ Turner, Maine, store received
the technology. For example, some end users
as well as with a customer’s own installer. “We
widespread recognition. In December 2013,
are apprehensive about the higher pressures
follow the process of start-up and installation
nine U.S. Senators and seven members
inherent in CO2 systems. Other companies are
really closely,” he said.
of Congress (all Democrats) wrote a letter
not persuaded that transcritical systems can
to Gina McCarthy, administrator of the
run efficiently in warmer climates. Still others
One of the challenges in being among the first
Environmental Protection Agency, in which
may be highly invested in traditional technology
to market with CO2 systems is dealing with
they advocated a shift away from HFCs and
and reluctant to try something different that they
snafus that occur with component suppliers.
cited the store’s system as an example of an
believe is more expensive.
Carnot experienced that with one supplier of
alternative to HFC technology.
low-temperature expansion valves. “When we Lesmerises works diligently to dispel these fears.
discovered we needed to replace all the valves, we
For example, in regard to high pressures, he
did it, and the supplier completely supported us in
gave the Turner store its highest level of
points
this,” said Lesmerises. “For us and our customer,
certification, platinum, as well as the “Best
you can judge your supplier by how they help
of the Best” award as the most outstanding
you when you get in trouble.” The customer also
GreenChill certified store. GreenChill is a
Lesmerises finds word of mouth between users
appreciated that Carnot stepped in to resolve the
voluntary program in which food retailers
who have has a positive experience with CO2
issue “We didn’t just try to run away.”
agree to meet goals regarding refrigerant
out
that
cars
have
high-pressure
components and “they are moving anyway.”
systems and those who are considering these
»» In 2013, the EPA’s GreenChill Partnership
charge and leak rate. In 2014, Carnot became
systems to be an effective way of helping the
Since that experience, Carnot has made sure that
the first Canadian manufacturer to join the
latter get over the hump. “I just think it’s a
each component is thoroughly vetted before it
program’s system manufacturer sector.
matter of time before enough [end users] have
goes on a system. “We don’t test them; we torture
a good experience with us or other suppliers
them,” he said.
»» In 2014, Carnot received an award for a CO2
and demonstrate that the fears were maybe exaggerated,” he said.
transcritical installation in an ice rink from In furthering the adoption of natural refrigerants,
the Quebec Association of Energy Efficiency
Lesmerises is driven to fill, not just a market need,
(AQME). The installation was at the Civic
Over the past five years, the total cost of CO2
but an environmental one as well. “Each morning
Centre in Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec.
systems – first cost, installation and operating
when I wake up I have no difficulties going to
(See “CO2 Scores Goal at Quebec Ice Rink,”
cost -- has declined to the point where they are
work because I know what I do is good,” he said.
Accelerate America, Dec. 2014-Jan. 2015).
now competitive with traditional DX systems
“I know my two daughters will have a better life in
using an HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) like R507, said
50 years because I do that
MG + MC
Lesmerises. The first cost alone has dropped as well.
February 2015 Accelerate America
43
EDITORIAL CALENDAR 2015
*
Issue #3 February
Issue #9 September (to be published early Sept)
Special Issue: AHR Expo
Special Issue: FMI Energy Conference
Supplement: GUIDE AHR EXPO
Format: Digital + Print (@ FMI Energy)
Format: Digital + Print of Guide AHR Expo (@ AHR Expo)
Ad submission deadline: August 17
Ad submission deadline: January 7
Issue #4 March (to be published early March)
Issue #10 October (to be published early Oct) Special Issue: Intermodal / Transport Refrigeration
Special Issue: Foodservice (NAFEM coverage)
Format: Digital
Format: Digital
Ad submission deadline: September 18
Ad submission deadline: February 23
Issue #5 April (to be published mid April)
Issue #11 November (to be published early Nov) Special Issue: Training + Servicing (RSES + Expo Coverage)
Special Issue: Industrial Refrigeration (Food Processing / Food Storage)
Format: Digital
Format: Digital + Print (@ IARW)
Ad submission deadline: October 19
Ad submission deadline: April 3
Issue #6 May (to be published mid May)
Issue #12 December / January (to be published early Dec) Special Issue: Regulations (US + International Policies, Standards,
Special Issue: Energy Utilities (Programs, Research, Rebates)
Codes Update)
Format: Digital
Format: Digital
Ad submission deadline: May 4
Ad submission deadline: November 20
Issue #7 June (to be published mid June)
Additional topics:
Special Issue: Ice Rinks + Trade Show Coverage
HVAC + Heat Pumps
Format: Digital
Wineries
Ad submission deadline: June 5
Servers (IT) Research
Issue #8 July / August (to be published end of July)
Residential
Special Issue: ATMOsphere America + Accelerate Awards
Institutional (Hospitals, Universities, etc)
(incl. Person of the Year)
Government Buildings
Supplement: ATMOsphere America Summary Report
Office Buildings
Format: Digital + Print (@ FMI Energy)
Hotels
Ad submission deadline: July 17
Mobile Air Conditioning
Format: Digital + Print (@ FMI Energy)
* Publisher reserves the right to modify the calendar.