Shelter Shelter
Vietnam, 2 case studies
Eelko Brouwer, Netherland Red Cross Society Corinne Treherne, Shelter & Settlements Department, IFRC www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds.
Shelter
Meaning of transitional shelter
Take-home message Transitional shelter is not a Product = a Process, a Phase
Many options to provide transitional shelter e.g. appropriate construction material, tools and fixings, cash and/or vouchers, host families, technical guidance and training, etc.
One of the options: transitional shelter product
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Shelter
Transitional shelter as a product
“Rapid, post disaster household shelters made from materials that can be upgraded or re-used in more permanent structures, or that can be relocated from temporary sites to permanent locations. They are designed to facilitate the transition by affected populations to more durable shelter.�
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Shelter
Challenge of designing transitional shelters
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Shelter
Vietnam case studies - Two contexts with Similarities and Differences
Recurrent floods
Deforestation
Poor construction standards
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Central Vietnam 1998 – learning
South Vietnam 2000 – Quick
Impact of disasters
Houses typologies
Shelter
Vietnam case studies - Two contexts Natural disasters
Slow rising waters during months, bank erosion
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few
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South Vietnam:
Central Vietnam: Flash flood, strong winds, bank erosion, landslide
Shelter
Vietnam case studies - Two contexts Houses typologies
South Vietnam Central Vietnam
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Shelter
Vietnam case studies - Two contexts Houses typologies Precarious houses • Dimensions 7x 5 m • 2 or 4 slopes
South Vietnam
• Bamboo/timber or concrete poles (CV ) for the structure • Straw or CGI for the roof •Annexes for services
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Central Vietnam
Shelter
Background Traditional practices in disaster responses
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Limited resources (financial, HR with shelter expertise)
NS involved through deployment of volunteers – Capacity building/training
Relief activities with distribution of NFIs including CGI
Shelter
Other response Include long term disaster preparedness and risk reduction components
Provide a strong / sustainable structure resistant to current natural disasters
Develop a progressive design that allows extensions and adaptations from emergency shelter response to a more permanent dwelling
Choice of a simple technique that allows rapid set-up with basic tools and instructions
Choice of material available in the region – limiting the deforestation
Facilitate copying mechanisms
Looks “basic” to void “jealousy” in community/cost in strength
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Shelter
Design Two designs reflecting two contexts
- Galvanised steel frame braced and assembled by bolds and nuts - Typhoon rĂŠsistant roof withstand winds of 150 km / h - A mezzanine that can accommodate a load of 2 tons - Concrete foundation - Openings every 50cm and profiles allowing various cladding materials and extensions
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Central Vietnam
Shelter
Design Two designs reflecting two contexts
- Galvanised steel elevated platform On pilars braced and assembled by bolds and nuts - Typhoon rĂŠsistant roof withstand winds of 150 km / h using reflecting roofing sheeting - Screw foundation - Openings every 50cm and profiles allowing various cladding materials and extensions
Central Vietnam www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds.
Shelter
Design Allows different claddings
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Shelter
Design Allows extensions - Central Vietnam
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Shelter
Design Allows extensions - South Vietnam
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Shelter
Results Completion - Central Vietnam
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Shelter
Results Completion - South Vietnam
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Shelter
Evaluation after 7 years Advantages and Disadvantages
A rapid response with a product that can be easily distributed and assembled
Relatively low costs per unit (USD 500)
A long term resistant design with low repair & maintenance costs
Flexibility of the design given the chance for various adaptations according to needs and tastes
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Minor replication dues to the unfamiliarity of the steel construction technique
A technique that not allows easy extensions – to connect local building materials to steel frame
Absence of good insulation of the roof The poorest people needs assistance to “improve� the house and for economic independence
Shelter
Some thoughts How to improve our collaboration?
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How to establish the right timing for intervention?
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How to raise awareness on steel structures?
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How to stimulate local economy/collateral/loans?
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How companies can support in designing (cultural aspect) and testing (performance)?
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How to have affordable price in the steel products?
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For design flexibility purpose how to develop generic construction items/spare parts specifications? Standards versus diversity
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How to develop connectors, to allow better extensions with local construction materials?
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How to get assurance on quality/life span? www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds.
Shelter
www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds.
Questions ?