Floor finishes by Shephalia

INTERIOR TECHNOLOGY Floor finishes

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Functional requirements of floor finishes  durable  aesthetic finish and cosy appeal  soften impact of concrete floor  some noise insulation  fire resistant  damp resistant  chemical resistance  accommodates ducts, cables, utilities

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CONCRETE Power float

• Plain concrete; cement screed • Decorative concrete

- exposed aggregate - pebble-crete

+ Floor hardener

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cement screed

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Faux stones (imprinted concrete)

Decorative concrete

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Faux stones (concrete) installation

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EXPOSED AGGREGATES

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pebble-crete finish

Skirting?

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FLOOR TILES

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Types of manufactured floor tiles 1. Clay tiles 2. Ceramic tiles – glazed/unglazed 3. Mosaic tiles 4. Homogeneous tiles – polished/mat finish 5. Composite tile – porcelain tile, agglomerate/ engineered stone www.buildersshop.com.sg www.nhceramics.com.sg www.hupkiong.com www.polybuilding.com www.sinbor.com

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Ceramic tiles

Homogeneous tiles

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Ceramic tiles

Homogeneous tiles

•lower water absorption rate and higher density. •tougher tile compared to Ceramics tiles. •It's surface can be polished to make it reflective shine like those of a mirror. •it can be round edged at the sides, without showing a different material beneath the tile (Ceramic tiles are made of red clay with a thin layer of "coloring" on the surface. Chamfering the edges of the tile will reveal the red base below - PVC strips will be need to cover the edges of ceramic tiles) •Homogeneous tiles are generally 30 - 50% more expensive than Ceramic tiles, although polished homogeneous of bigger size may cost much more. •In an unlikely event of breakage due to fallen object, Homogenous will not leave a big crack line and it will not show a different material/ color beneath the surface. •Between these 2 materials, only Homogeneous tiles will be considered for the flooring of any commercial project, as Ceramic tiles will not be able to withstand the kind of load produced by high traffic of human flow.

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Polished homogeneous/engineered tiles

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Mosaics (20-50 mm): ceramic, porcelain, glass

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NATURAL STONE FLOORING  Marble

 Granite

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Granite

Marble

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Natural Stones Naturally formed under varying conditions ď&#x192;&#x17E; No 2 pieces bear the same composition & appearance

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MARBLE

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Why choose granite? â&#x20AC;˘ durable, abrasion/stain resistant, high strength, low maintenance granite

marble

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Surface finishing for Granite  polished - glossy, brings out full colour  honed - smooth, low gloss, porous

 sand blasted - matt  flamed – rough  others: bush-hammered, rough sawn, tooled

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Edge finishing for Granite

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Marble - repolished

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Terrazzo

- a composite material poured in place or as a precast tile. - consists of marble, quartz, granite, glass or other suitable chips, sprinkled or unsprinkled, and poured with a cementitious/chemical binder - cured, ground and polished to a smooth surface www.ntma.com

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Dividing strip

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Manufactured marble â&#x20AC;&#x201C; water jet cutting to get complex shapes

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Quartzite + glass/mirror

Engineered (man-made) stone

â&#x20AC;˘ marble, granite, basalt, slate, quartzite, stainless steel strip, glass inset, brass â&#x20AC;Ś

www.irisfmg.com

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TILE INSTALLATION

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Tile INSTALLATION • Tile mortar/adhesive (thick/thin set)

• Tile joints: 1.5, 4 to10 mm • Coloured grout - Waterproof grout for wet areas

BCA Good Industry Practice Guidebooks - Ceramic Tiling; Marble & Granite Finishes and Waterproofing for Internal Wet Areas > www.bca.gov.sg (publications) L3.1

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BCA Good Industry Practice Guide Books â&#x20AC;&#x201C; www.bca.gov.sg - - - publications

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Tile joints/grouts ď Ž Unsanded grout (wall tile/marble) ď Ž Sanded >3 mm grout joint

Note: no cut tile to be <1/2 tile width. Tile joints align at wall-floor junction.

Wall Floor

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Assignment: Wall-floor tiling layout

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Pvc edging strips

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Note: include waterproofing for wet areas

WALL/FLOOR DETAIL – Tiles (NTS, USUALLY 1:2)

Handling of stone tiles/slabs

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Handling of stone tiles/slabs

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Dry laying of Marble/stone tiles & approved samples/mockup

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DRY LAYING of natural stone tiles

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Applying sealer to granite tiles

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Stone Sealer

Penetrating sealer - for protection of medium to dense porous surfaces. Impregnator forms an invisible barrier that is resistant to moisture and stains while allowing vapour to escape. L3.1

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Floor tiling layout - Good Practice C/L

1. Layout symmetrical 2. No small tiles: minimum half tile width/length

dry lines for setting out at 90ď&#x201A;°

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CONQUAS checks - Tiling no hollow sound (tile fully buttered)  consistent joint widths & alignment  surface evenness not >3mm/1.2m  no stain/chip/cracks  squareness not >4 mm/300mm (builder square)  plumb not >3mm/m (wall only) Plastic  lippage not > 1 mm (floor only) 

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Note: • Use self-leveling mortar if substrate is not level. • Conquas checking to be carried out under adequate lighting. 48

CONQUAS checks

surface evenness â&#x20AC;&#x201C; deviation < 3mm per 1.2m

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CONQUAS checks

Conquas show unit

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Chipped, Small cut tiles, cracks, inconsistent joints, edge (arrise), ponding

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CONQUAS checks

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Common Floor Tiling Problems Arching and Lifting of tile flooring caused by differential movement of the substrate (concrete slab), screed and the tiles.

Arching & lifting of floor tiles. Provide expansion joints. L3.1

Tile delamination (& popping) due to differential movement of structure and tiles at Yuhua Sec School - Jan 05.

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Flat at Bt Batok (LUP Mar 08)

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Ceramic tiles with â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;timberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; grain

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Timber Flooring

Standard sizes 90/95mm wide 15/18 mm thick 450-1000 mm long 60

Different types of wood planks

50 to 250 mm wide

Timber flooring  Strips (<75 mm)  Boards (T&G)

12 thk x 70 w x 450 to 1500 mm long Beech + 12 mm thk WBP Plywood Base

 Parquet eg, 12 x 50 x 200 mm

groove

Moisture meter Basketweave Herringbone 63

Parquet patterns

Basketweave

Herringbone 64

Timber floor accessories

Stair nosing

T-molding: used as a transition piece from one flooring to another of equal height or to gain expansion spaces.

Skirting

Reducer

Beading

Quarter round: a molding used to cover expansion space next to skirting & stair steps. Pre-drill and nail to the vertical surface, not into the floor. 65

Timber floor/wall detail 19 x 75 TIMBER SKIRTING

13MM EXPANSION SPACE

SCREED

PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR (FOR TEMPERATE WOOD STRIPS, EG. OAK) ADHESIVE

Note: for floating floor – with plastic sheet 200um (300mm lap taped) and 2mm foam underlay.

Laying parquet tiles

Immediately after sanding, the finishing process should begin. This involves applying a protective coating and a colour, if desired, to the flooring. Finishing produces a uniformly enhanced surface and seals the wood to make it less absorbent to moisture and foreign materials.

FINISHES TO TIMBER FLOORING - staining (colour)

- sealer (fill up pores) - bleaching - wax finish

- Polyurethane - Melamine / acrylic

Timber Flooring defects - lifting Expansion of the timber due to uptake of moisture - failure to provide adequate damp-proofing membrane under the blocks.

Defects in timber flooring

Other types of wood flooring

Engineered wood

WOOD VENEER ON PLYWOOD

Each plank is made up of multiple layers of wood, each layer arranged in a cross-grained manner to give it dimensional stability. The cross-grain construction helps to lessen the effects caused when wood naturally expands and contracts due to temperature and humidity. While the top layer is real hardwood, the engineered components underneath make the flooring more stable, easier to install, and more environmentally friendly than traditional solid hardwood flooring. 125 mm wide X 10 mm thick (300-1200 mm L)

Laminate Flooring

 More dimensionally stable  Wide range of colours/wood grains  +++ $$$ Scratch-proof coating, underlay… (pergo.com)

Vinyl flooring

Advantages • many colours/patterns • slip-resistant • anti-static • resilient/recover from indentation • easy to maintain 74

Vinyl flooring

2 mm thick

Vinyl flooring

Other types of flooring

Linoleum Natural ingredients â&#x20AC;&#x201C; does not melt, colour throughout.

Recycled Rubber flooring for weight room, gymnasium, playschool Sports floor

Bamboo Flooring

LCD, glass, metal plates, etc 77

LINOLEUM Natural ingredients â&#x20AC;&#x201C; does not melt, colour throughout.

RUBBER TILES

Sports floor Recycled Rubber flooring for weight room, gymnasium, playschool 79

ACCESS/RAISED FLOOR

Raised floor - wiring installed

Raised floor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; pedestal support

Heat detector

GLASS BLOCK/PAVER FOR FLOORING

Glass Block Flooring

AFTER

Glass block flooring BEFORE