Annotated Bibliography

Anderson, Ben. “Affective Atmospheres.” Emotion, Space and Society 2, no. 2 (2009): 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. emospa.2009.08.005.

Ben Anderson, in the writing, tries to explain the broad definition of atmosphere and differentiate Affective Atmosphere from emotion. Ben Anderson compares several theories of definitions of atmospheres. Ben argues that atmosphere correlated with duality conditions. It enables the experience to occur beyond, around, and alongside the formation of subjectivity. It holds a series of opposites: presence-absence, materiality - idealist, definite - indefinite, related to tension.

The writer compares the theory of Phenomenologist Dufrene about aesthetic atmosphere and the Böhme theory of Atmosphere. The Böhme theory stressed more spatial qualities, in which ambiguity describes the atmosphere as neither subject nor object. It is closely related to the subject, belongs to the subject, and fills the spaces.

What I understand about the atmosphere through Ben’s writing is that the atmosphere is uncertain, it never ends, and related to the body and the interaction of bodies within space as a subject or object. Affected Atmosphere is impersonal and objective; it connects to several bodies. This distinctive aspect of emotion which personal and subjective.

Böhme, Gernot. Atmosphere as Mindful Physical Presence in Space. Architektur und Atmosphäre. 2006

The Böhme writing is a philosophical study examining the relation of atmosphere, senses of space, and place.

Böhme’s approach examines the Atmosphere as a Physical Presence in Space through an approach to the philosophy of space and place. He also explained through the citation of August Endell that what is important for a building is not the shape of the wall or structure, but the inversion of space that spread rhythmically between the walls. This emphasizes how Böhme wants to talk about the intangible quality of space. The space was earlier defined as spatium and topos, which are related to the body. Therefore, Böhme argues that space is where the bodies find their space through body movement. It leads to physical presence: the maintaining differences between body and mindful body (sensitivity)—the happening of the atmosphere through the receptive senses of the body to perceive the spatial elements.

Duff, Cameron. “Atmospheres of Recovery: Assemblages of Health.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48, no. 1 (2015): 58-74. https://doi. org/10.1177/0308518x15603222.

In this research, Duff wants to know what atmosphere likely supports the recovery stage from mental illness, especially how it creates the affective atmosphere for recovery. The context in which Duff held her research was in an urban setting, which was held by observing several cases. Duff observes the place as the central to affective creation and how encounters atmospheres support the project of becoming (recovery).

Duff was observed within the subject POV (the patient). In conclusion, 3 atmospheres are underlined by Duff. 1). The atmosphere for sociality (such as café, garden, etc.): a place rich in social engagement and socialization, 2). the atmosphere of safe and belonging, feeling secure and belonging (supportive community), and 3). the atmosphere of hope and belief, the transformation of time and space, feeling the motivation.

Grigoriou, Elina., and Richard. Francis. Wellbeing in Interiors : Philosophy, Design, and Value in Practice. Milton: RIBA Publications, 2019.

Grigoriou writes the book Wellbeing in the interior from the perspective of a practicing designer. Grigoriou argues that well-being inside the interior can’t be given but can be supported. The writers emphasized the element of well-being which consist of body, mind, and emotions. The writers argue that well-being is also beauty which is a goal to be achieved. Hence, beauty is an experience, not a static object. In this statement, I could relate even though it is a bit uncleared how the writer decides it is a beauty just by practicing experience as a harmonious goal. However, later I found that geography professor Sarah Atkinson also defines well-being as a process. Another noteworthily, the writer also emphasized how comfort is one important aspect between wellness and well-being.

Kearns, Robin A, Pat M Neuwelt, and Kyle Eggleton. “Permeable Boundaries? Patient Perspectives on Space and Time in General Practice Waiting Rooms.” Health & place 63 (2020): 102347–102347.

The writer examines the under-examined space in usual health care (the reception and the waiting room). The findings recap how occupants perceive the waiting room. Kearns highlights that the waiting room can be perceived as a 1. bounded container that issues the problem of enclosed space. 2. The uncomfortable action of gaze and proximity with others relate to the privacy issue. 3. The preferable waiting room is connected as a transitory space with a warm and welcoming atmosphere. The discussion leads to an approach to making transitory space enable relational permeability. Kearns addressed the issue of the liminality of in-betweenness, which somehow made the space tightly knotted to other spaces or activities. Hence, the occupant in the space is unable to move or have freedom of movement. The suggestion later in writing tells how the waiting room should be more open (apply permeability) to cross the boundaries of inside-outside without losing track of the recent activities in the waiting room. It also should enable a sense of privacy. However, the writing lacks design evidence. It highlights more the data collection of people’s perception of the waiting room and reception area. It is more like a critique to design that lacks visualizing information to grasp the spatial context.

Martin, Daryl, Sarah Nettleton, and Christina Buse. “Affecting Care: Maggie’s Centres and the Orchestration of Architectural Atmospheres.” Social science & medicine (1982) 240 (2019): 112563–112563.

The writing examines how designer’s intention in creating Maggie’s Centres and how the occupants perceive it. The writer defined atmosphere as phenomena intermediating the belonging of neither world nor person. It cited Böhme’s atmosphere definition. It then argues that the architect can create an affective atmosphere, but how efficient it affects will be unpredictable.

What interesting in the findings is that occupants felt that Maggie’s center was like ‘a silent carer’. How the inhuman can make a person feel motivated and belong there. Others also find that the building affective in charge was in aesthetic experience. This creates a relevant definition idea for Grigoriou, who sees wellbeing as an aim to beauty.

McLaughlan, Rebecca, and Julie Willis. “Atmospheric Inclusiveness: Creating a Coherent and Relatable Sense of Place for a Children’s Hospital.” Journal of architecture (London, England) 26, no. 8 (2021): 1197–1218.

The writers propose a new concept of atmosphere inclusivity as a design aspiration for healthcare design. The paper studies the performance of the healthcare design of Melbourne’s Royal Children’s Hospital, designed by Billard Leece Partners. The writing also includes qualitative study observation and interviews. They conducted interviews with the occupant and also the architect in charge. These findings are relatively easy to follow due to several photos included in the paper. Several points noteworthily from this literature are :

1.Creating the attraction and distraction from the treatmet reduces anxiety while also opening a curiosity to exploration.

2.The curiosity-driven with the medium of artwork, visual cues (graphic and color)

3.It gives children a space to explore, experiencing the place unrelated to the clinical activity.

4 The multi-sensory design (explorative) enhances the experience, which means engaging the sense of place in the healtcare hillips, Richard, Bethan Evans, and Stuart Muirhead. “Curiosity, Place and Wellbeing: Encouraging Place-Specific Curiosity as a ‘way to Wellbeing.’” Environment and planning. A 47, no. 11 (2015): 2339–2354.

Montgomery, Terry. “Cultivating the ‘In‐Between’: Humanising the Modern Healthcare Experience.” Architectural design 87, no. 2 (2017): 114–121.

The article discusses the urgency to design atmospheric ambiance in ‘in-between’ spaces between clinical spaces, which is usually neglected. This space usually deals with many unsatisfactory institutional moments, unhappy memory, and feeling uncomfortable within healthcare. The Montgomery Sisam Architect seeks a new approach to address issues in healthcare design. Montgomery borrowed the urban theory of Jane Jacob’s The Great American Cities’ to emphasize how the street is a space in-between but crucial to wellbeing.

‘in-between space is the medium to connect the relation of inside-outside, the private, and the public within or in between institution and non-institution. Montgomery argues that this space left massive space for improvement and the probability to promote well-being. In my opinion, recalling the memory of personal experience and literature observation about occupants’ experience in the waiting room, most of it was unpleasant memories (Kearns 2020).

Montgomery also gave examples of how their practices stressed the importance of ‘in-between’ spaces, such as the porch (interaction inside-outside, freedom-controlled environment) and the courtyard and the gallery, which are non-clinical spaces.

The paper explores the possibilities of curiosity as a catalyst supporting wellbeing. Phillips refers to Atkinson about how place and wellbeing are closely related. Well-being is attached to the place, and the people interact with the space. Based on the Take Notice report of New Economics Foundations about the five ways to achieve well-being, Phillips argues that curiosity can be a medium to support this achievement.

The writing explores three case studies, creative gardening targeted for children, memory boxes targeted for dementia patients, and a photography project for the veteran. From these findings, curiosity emerges from the reception of senses toward a particular memory or emotion. The case study has many multi-sensory designs and activities. This could also lead to diverting attention, starting a standard communication, and creating a social engagement.

Schweitzer, Marc, Laura Gilpin, and Susan Frampton. “Healing Spaces: Elements of Environmental Design That Make an Impact on Health.” The journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) 10, no. Supplement 1 (2004): S–71–S–83.

The writing seeks a design element (aesthetic enhancement) to reduce stress and anxiety and increase patient satisfaction. This could bring back unpleasant memories. There are also physical parameters such as personal space and sensory environment, including humor and entertainment. Some elements that could cause stress and disturb the patient include noises and negative smells (hospital odor).

Healing relationship is essential to feel connected to the staff and family. It includes intention, awareness, and intangible aspects of creating a healing environment such as a warm welcome, fostering connection, and participation