Portfolio_M.S.AUD_GSAPP '19, Columbia University by Shivani Agarwal

JOURNEY SHIVANI AGARWAL

PORTFOLIO GSAPP’19, Columbia University, New York M. S. Architecture and Urban Design saa2226@columbia.edu (+1) 646-589(5242)

THE BRONX

An Urban Drift Through the Borough Summer Semester, GSAPP 2018 Pages: 1 - 4

SOIL CITY

Dirt is Inert, Soil is Royal Summer Semester, GSAPP 2018 Pages: 5 - 14

SPONGE BRONX

A Green Artery Over the Cross-Bronx Expressway Summer Semester, GSAPP 2018 Pages: 15 - 34

DAIRYSCAPE

Reversing the Net Negative Environmental Impact of the Dairy Industry Fall Semester, GSAPP 2018 Pages: 35 - 46

CAN THO: THE BINH THUY RIVER EDGE Interpreting Living Relations to Water Spring Semester, GSAPP 2019 Pages: 47 - 52

[RE] FLOW CAN THO

Reconnecting Urban Hydrological Flows Spring Semester, GSAPP 2019 Pages: 53 - 68

THE BRONX AN URBAN DRIFT THROUGH THE BOROUGH Project Type: Site Construction Site: Bronx, New York, NY Instructor: Prof. Kaja Kühl Team: Hsin Yi Chao, Noah Shaye The dérive is a technique of urban exploration originally proposed in the “Theory of the Dérive” (1956) by Guy Debord, a member at the time of the Letterist International. Debord defines the dérive as “a mode of experimental behavior linked to the conditions of urban society: a technique of rapid passage

passage through varied ambiances.” The main idea of the urban drift was to understand the neighborhood around Jerome Avenue in the Bronx as a pedestrian and realize both, the challenges and opportunities in the site, while also visualizing certain future scenarios to make it better.

Fordham Genesis

Water Harlem River

Residential Zone Bronx Community College

Green Space University Avenue

Aqueduct Walk

Residential Zone

Rezoning Area

Manhattan Schist

Inwood Marble

Commercial Zone Jerome Avenue

Residential Zone

Residential Zone Grand Concourse

THE CROTON AQUEDUCT AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE BRONX.

RESTRICTIONS BECOMING PART OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE BRONX, A.K.A “NO LOITERING”.

IMPORTANT CULTURAL AND PUBLIC ASPECTS OF THE NEIGHBORHOODS IN THE BRONX. 3

A proposed scenario of the linear road right on Jerome Avenue showing how the neighborhoods on both sides could turn into sponges or public spaces instead of being rezoned into multistory residential buildings. The idea here is to retreat the buildings away from the road and accommodate more absorptive spaces on the sides.

Another proposed visual of the street flanked on one side of the Jerome Avenue. It shows how a lot of the space could become public space when the garages and automotive shops turn into multistory structures or incubator spaces. 4

SOIL CITY DIRT IS INERT, SOIL IS ROYAL Project Type: Systems Based Research Instructor: Prof. Kaja Kühl Team: Greg LeMaire, Junyu Cao, Wenjun Zhang, Ryan Pryandana Ecology is the study of distribution and abundance of organisms, the interaction between organisms, the interaction between organisms and their environment, and structure and function of ecosystems. Ecology provides the essential basis for nature conservation. Maintaining a mosaic of habitats ensures the survival of a rich variety of species.

The main idea behind this research was to understand how the smallest organisms like ants and worms provide ecosystem services that maintain a balance beneath the soil. Without their constant movement, life above would not thrive. The Soil City thus imagines an interconnected network of soil spread through the city allowing movement of these vital species .

ANTS AND WORMS AS IMPORTANT ACTORS OF THE ECOSYSTEM New York City is an important stop over point for birds along the Atlantic Flyway. As the birds flock the area, they nest in park spaces and medians using them as corridors to get around, often venturing out for food while also pollinating and spreading seeds. These street medians also help in absorbing the massive air and sound pollution and mitigating the excessive street runoffs. This thriving life above the soil is supported by an unseen underground network comprising ants and worms. 7 11

12 8

NEW YORK CITY: THE IN-BETWEEN GREEN SPACES New York City contains about 29,000 acres of parkland, there are also about 1,143 acres of median space spread throughout the city’s streets. However, only 150 acres of these medians are planted green spaces. The city installs these medians to help mitigate storm water runoff. A combination of storm water tolerant plant species, engineered soil, gravel and drainage pipes help keep water from the combined sewer outfall system. These green medians along with street tree pits add another 462 acres of additional green space spread throughout the city. Each year however, between 7 to 11 percent of these street trees dies, mostly due to lack of maintenance, depleted nutrients and compacted soil. For the ecosystem above the soil to thrive, it is very important that ants and worms who provide ecosystem services below the soil have an interconnected network to make their way throughout the city and nourish the soil. These organisms help to increase the amount of air and water that gets into the soil. They break down organic matter, like leaves and grass into things that plants can use. When they eat, they leave behind castings that are a very valuable type of fertilizer. They are like free and natural help.

Therefore, with an increased network of green spaces through these street trees, green street medians and park spaces, the ecosystem both above and below the soil will thrive leading to increased environmental and human health.

THERE ARE ABOUT 29,000 ACRES OF CIT

ONLY 150 ACRES OF THE 1,143 ACRES OF MEDIANS ARE PLANTED GREEN SPACES IN THE CITY.

THESE GREEN MEDIANS ALONG WIT ADDITIONAL 462 ACRES SPRE

F PARKLAND SPACES IN NEW YORK TY.

THERE ARE ALSO ABOUT 1,143 ACRES OF MEDIANS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE CITY.

TH STREET TREE PITS ADD UP TO AN EAD THROUGHOUT THE CITY.

BUT, EACH YEAR 7 TO 11 PERCENT OF THESE STREET TREES DIE DUE TO LACK OF MAINTENANCE. 10

THE PROPOSED ANT AND WORM NETWORK The proposed network of medians, street tree pits and existing park spaces along with additional attachments would make it easier for the ants and worms to carry out their services.

TREE PIT COMPOST MIXER ORGANIC MATTER CANISTER A small amount of organic waste is placed in the canister to attract ants and worms to a specific area, a removable cap then allows for refilling if necessary. INFILTRATION LAYER This allows for organisms to access the organic waste above. SCREW TIP This allows for mini compost to be deployed in any area.

STREET STREET SIDE SIDE COMPOST COMPOST BINBIN ROTATING ROTATING DROP DROP OFFOFF Organic Organic waste waste is entered is entered intointo thethe system system with with a simple a simple swipe swipe motion. motion. ThisThis helps helps seal seal thethe compost compost from from pests andand keeps in odors. pests keeps in odors. MIXING MIXING SCREW SCREW As the As the waste waste is entered is entered above, above, thethe simple simple swipe swipe also also turns turns a screw a screw inside inside which which helps helps to mix to mix thethe compost compost below, an action which is essential for for below, an action which is essential a healthy compost. a healthy compost.

SUPER SUPER TUBEWAY TUBEWAY GOOSENECK GOOSENECK TheThe gooseneck gooseneck allows allows for for connections connections to rooftop, to rooftop, green green spaces spaces over over parapets parapets andand other other obstacles. obstacles. MODULAR MODULAR UNIT UNIT Modular Modular units units enable enable an an adaptable adaptable system system which which cancan be deployed be deployed at varying at varying sitesite andand scales. scales. CONNECTOR CONNECTOR A connector A connector allows allows thethe system system to adapt to adapt to varying to varying conditions. conditions.

STACKABLE STACKABLE BINS BINS In order In order to keep to keep up with up with thethe flow flow of of waste, waste, a stackable a stackable system system allows allows for for thethe fully fully composted composted soilsoil at the at the bottom bottom to be to removed be removed andand a new, a new, empty empty binbin to to be inserted be inserted at the at the top.top.

STORM STORM WATER WATER PIPE PIPE A pipe A pipe attached attached to ato water a water retention retention tank tank on the on the rooftop rooftop allows allows for for stormwater stormwater mitigation mitigation as as well well as irrigation as irrigation andand cooling cooling for for thethe tube tube soil.soil.

ACCESS ACCESS HATCH HATCH In order In order to access to access andand utilize utilize thethe composted composted matter, matter, a hatch a hatch would would be be installed installed at the at the lowest lowest level level of the of the system, system, allowing allowing servicers servicers to remove to remove andand renew renew thethe bins. bins.

GREEN MEDIAN AS A PEDESTRIAN CROSSING The installation of a green median as a pedestrian crossing within a school district in East Harlem would help the actors (ants and worms) survive, connect the roof top gardens with the road green spaces as well as work as a speed breaker useful for the school kid’s safety.

AN INTERCONNECTED NETWORK Another neighborhood in East Harlem with rooftop gardens, medians and street tree pits, all interconnected together providing public space as well as access way to the actors (ants and worms).

THE PROPOSED ANT AND WORM SECTION A section of the neighborhood median depicting the ease of the movement of these actors due to the interconnected network thus installed.

SPONGE BRONX A GREEN ARTERY OVER THE CROSS-BRONX EXPRESSWAY Project Type: Urban Design Studio Project Site: Bronx, New York, NY Instructor: Prof. Kaja Kühl Team: Shouta Kanehira and Jianqi Li

The construction of the Cross-Bronx Expressway sparked a process of urban decay. Whether the roadways were sunk in trenches, elevated above, or built at grade, they broke neighborhoods, resulted in dangerous and noisy streets, and led to high rates of asthma and traffic accidents.

The Sponge Bronx is an attempt to bridge this deep gap by absorbing the massive air pollution, bringing people together and absorbing the sporadic rainfall water sometimes to be recycled and reused.

Broken Neighborhoods

High Asthma Rates More Safety Issues

Abandoned Neighborhoods A Polluted Thoroughfare

Poverty Struck Communities

The Cross-Bronx Expressway broke neighborhoods into North and South Bronx, leaving people on the edges vulnerable to great extents of pollution as the expressway turned into a major thoroughfare. Additionally, the land value plummeted leaving the neighborhood here abandoned. Air Pollution PM2.5 Micro grams per square meter 8 Less Polluted

7.00 6.00

6.00

5.00 4.00 2.87

3.00

2.77 2.15

2.00

1.50

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14 More Polluted

0.00

Bronx

Manhattan

Brooklyn

Queens

Staten Island

Asthma Death Rates, per 100,000

The air pollution map here shows the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter, the smallest and the most harmful particles that are present in the air directly emitted from the vehicles. The annual standard is set at 15 micro grams per sq. mt. but in a lot of these areas we see that it is more than 14, which is very harmful for the people living in the area. Moreover, the Bronx has the highest death rate due to asthma for all age groups when compared to all the other boroughs in NYC. 17

Spaces

Garbage Issue

Unhealthy Food

Lack of Multi facility Malls

Lack of Sports Facilities

Lack of Technical Centers

Lack of Animal Parks

Lack of Concert Spaces

Lack of Open Platforms

ing

e Jerome

n Scope

Lack of Outdoor Playgrounds COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT The community interaction and exhibition held at WHEDco helped us interact with people and informed us about their lifestyles. The different amenities people required were considered and then addressed later in the design of this area. Moreover, the inputs helped us in the program development of the entire neighborhood that would ultimately benefit the community. 18

A physical model of the neighborhood was used as a base for interaction. The community used sticky notes and made small 3D models to convey their idea in a particular space on the site model.

The members of WHEDco, Women’s Housing and Economic Development Corporation were also very enthusiastic about the idea and contributed by giving inputs from their work in the same neighborhood.

3 3 11

2 2

5 5

Community Community Organisations Organisations

Educational Educational Institutions Institutions

Residential Residential

Religious Religious Institutions Institutions

Medical Facilities Facilities Medical

Supermarkets Supermarkets

Palladia Palladia Inc. Inc. Starhill Starhill

2 2

Volunteers Volunteers of of America America

3 3

Episcopal Episcopal Social Social Services Services

4 4

Center Center for for Vein Vein Restoration Restoration

5 5

Well Well Care Care OB/GYN OB/GYN

SITE ANALYSIS Site Analysis took into account the immediate amenities in the neighborhood and how they would get affected due to the coming up of the green artery called the Sponge Bronx.

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AERIAL VIEW OF THE SITE An important cross junction of Jerome Avenue and the Expressway. =

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Jerome Avenue Avenue Jerome

Rezoning Rezoning

Cross Over Over Bridges Bridges Cross

Jennie Jerome Jerome Jennie

Tertiary Roads Roads Tertiary

Design Scope Scope Design

Ramps Ramps

AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN ACCESS POINTS THROUGH A PHYSICAL MODEL. 23

Jennie Jerome South Park Skateboard Park Terraced Playground Connection to Neighborhoods

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Jogging Track

Meditation Center (Below Raised Ground)

Basketball Court

Av en ue

Outdoor Museum Palladia Inc. Starhill (Drug Rehabilitation Center)

Cultural Center/ Modern Art Museum (Below Raised Ground)

Community Space/ Banquet/ Cafe (Below Raised Ground)

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Volunteers of America (Rehabilitation Center)

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Laboratory & Youth Center (Below Raised Ground)

Stepped Seating

24 X 7 Multipurpose Market/ Compost Center (2 Level Structure) 0

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MASTER PLAN The green artery over the Cross-Bronx Expressway would be interspersed with activities addressing various issues. Jennie Jerome South Park Skateboard Park Terraced Playground

Palladia Inc. Starhill (Drug Rehabilitation Center)

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Connection to Neighborhoods

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Cultural Center/ Modern Art Museum

Jogging Track Meditation Center

Basketball Court

Community Space/ Banquet/ Cafe

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Subway Station Plaza

Yoga Deck

Air Purifying Garden Volunteers of America (Rehabilitation Center)

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Pocket park (On Ground)

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Laboratory & Youth Center

24 X 7 Multipurpose Market/ Compost Center (2 Level Structure) 0

100m

TOP LEVEL PLAN The green artery would also have some multi-level structures to house educational and incubator spaces. 24

OVERALL VIEW OF THE SPONGE BRONX Cross-Junction of Jerome Avenue and Cross Bronx Expressway as an activated and rejuvenated public space. 26

INTEGRATION OF SYSTEMS AS A SOLUTION People I Water I Contaminated Air Air Cleaners

Cultural Center/ Modern Art Museum

Rain Water Storage

O2 O2 O2

SO2 NOx

Cross-Bronx Expressway

Technical Hub

Mt.Eden Avenue Station

Jerome Avenue Exit

NOx

SO2

SYSTEMS AS PUBLIC SPACES: REFLECTION OF ACTIVITIES The “Trumpet”, an installation over the green artery, would help purify the air and at the same time act as an interactive public space.

Clean Air

Clean Air Clean Air

Clean Air

CO CO

Particles Removed

NOX Positive Charge

NOX

SO2

Negative Charge

PM2.5

PM2.5 CO

CO NOX

SO2 NOX

PM2.5

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PM2.5

NOX

SO2 PM2.5

CO PM2.5

SO2 NOX

PM2.5 30 20

AN ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACE A view of the amphitheater from the stage on top of the museum showing the space being actively used as it allows people to coordinate their work and social life together due to its strategic connection to the Mt. Eden Avenue subway station.

Jennie Jerome South

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

Unused Volleyball Court

Sidewalk

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

Cross-Bronx Expressway Dividing Wall

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

SO2

NOx

Jerome Avenue Extended Sidewalk Intervention

Interactive Wall

SO2

Superfine Titanium Dioxide Coating

NOx

CO CO

NOx NOx

NOx

Buffer between Jerome and Cross-Bronx

PILOT PROJECT The “SPONGE WALL” pilot project is aimed at making people realize what would be coming up in their neighborhood in the near future and how it would specifically benefit their health in the long run.

The Sponge Wall would use different mediums of interacting with people like audio and visual techniques that would give out important information and also entertain by giving them a public space as they walk across the neighborhood. 33

SO2

The Sponge Wall would be situated right above the Cross-Bronx Expressway along a sidewalk parapet. This would help people realize the difference in the surrounding air both, above the Expressway and around the Wall. 34

DAIRYSCAPE

REVERSING THE NET NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY Project Type: Urban Design Studio Project Site: Columbia County, New York, NY Instructor: Prof. Lee Altman and Prof. Justin Moore Team: Hsin Yi Chao, Shouta Kanehira, Huang Qui Dairyscape envisions a new diary industry in the Hudson Valley that manages livestock, land, processing, waste, and distribution in ways that are healthy, equitable and sustainable over the long-term. The Dairyscape is based on new processing geography centered on a system of hubs that join farms, processors and distribution. The new system manages dairy operations, processes waste for re-use, and enables marketing that up-sells and cross-sells products. More specifically, the Dairyscape infrastructure uses methane and manure as the basis for new industries: biogas, fertilizer, cow pots and, more broadly, to develop new landscape management methods, while also delighting cows and people. Through this new organization, Dairyscape will reverse the net negative environmental impact of the industry and improve the long-term viability of dairy in the Valley.

EXPANSION OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY Development in transportation and refrigeration technologies led to a network expansion within the dairy industry. 37

THE NORTHEASTERN MILKSHED Milk price regulation by the federal government, within the Northeastern Milkshed, renders the dairy farms ineffective in managing their manure efficiently.

HUDSON VALLEY MILK NETWORK The extensive network of processes within the dairy industry along with their specific practices of farming and dealing with manure leads to problems of environmental pollution. 39

THE MILK TASTING EVENT The community interaction called “Milk Tasting” that took place in the city of Hudson in Columbia County helped us understand the hidden facts and figures about the dairy industry. 40

COLUMBIA COUNTY: HUB DISTRIBUTION NETWORK A new geography for what is called the “Dairyscape” centered on a system of “Hubs” would process waste for re-use, develop new landscape management methods, and enable marketing that up sells and cross sells products, while delighting cows. 41

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM A shared infrastructure in the form of a hub would act as a viable and dynamic model between many farms. The main function being waste management, it would also combine activities for recreation, re-use, production and education. Moreover, to make this activity through a digester much more efficient, the network also would extend outside of only the dairy farms.

DAIRYSCAPE HUB MASTER PLAN The hub would be located on the land of an existing large scale dairy farm in Columbia County, that being its largest contributor in terms of waste and infrastructure along with gaining additional benefit as being the provider of land property. 42

COMPONENTS OF THE HUB

THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SYSTEM The “Anaerobic Digester System” would help provide farms with an alternative income source along with providing education and an efficient way of manure use.

MARKET, CAFE & COMMUNITY KITCHEN The “Cafe”, “Market” and “Community Kitchen” would attract more people centric activities along with using the gleaned products and up-selling the farm products.

THE COW KINDERGARTEN The “Cow Kindergarten” would benefit the factory dairy farms by taking better care of their calves along with engaging and attracting more people to the “Hub”. 43

COMPONENTS OF THE HUB

THE LIVESTOCK FAIR GROUND The “Livestock Fair Ground” would benefit the farms with an alternative source of income along with engaging and attracting more people at the “Hub”

THE BALLOON PARK The “Manure Run Balloons” would effectively use the manure in heating the gas inside the balloon along with creating agro tourism and upscaling the dairy industry.

THE SILVOPASTURE PARK The practice of “Silvopasture” would encourage an environmentally friendly practice along with providing calves with a lush green grazing ground. 44

The livestock fair ground during a year round fair in the Hudson Valley.

THE DAIRYSCAPE HUB VIEW FROM THE HOT AIR BALLOON. 45

Anaerobic Digesti educational

ion: System as an opportunity.

Balloon park with silvopasture park and cow trail.

CAN THO

THE BINH THUY RIVER EDGE: INTERPRETING LIVING RELATIONS TO WATER Project Type: Site Analysis Site: Binh Thuy River Edge, Can Tho, Vietnam Instructor: Prof. Kate Orff Team: Devaki Handa, Dian Yu, Shuyuan Li, Gabriel Vergara What if landscape and cultural conservation be a driver for design ? The main idea behind the site visit to Can Tho, Vietnam was to understand the cultural connections that the city and its people had with water and the ones that have been lost now and would be lost even more because of the international projects that would build protective walls around their river edges to protect the city from the future flood scenarios.

CURRENT AND CHANGING EDGE CONDITIONS OF THE RIVER IN CAN THO. 49

RIVER’S SOFT EDGE AS A CULTURAL CONNECTION The soft river edge allows for a lot of cultural activities to take place along the river. Activities like transportation of construction material, sand mining and stilt house construction would be lost with the construction of an embankment.

Hau River Binh Thuy River World Bank Proposed Wall 2030

CURRENT: THE RIVER EDGE WITH THE PROPOSED WORLD BANK EMBANKMENT.

Hau River Binh Thuy River River Infiltrating the Edges

A Typical Edge Condition

PROPOSED: AN INFILTRATED BIHN THUY RIVER EDGE. 52

[RE]FLOW CAN THO RECONNECTING THE URBAN HYDROLOGICAL FLOWS Project Type: Urban Design Studio Project Site: An Cu/ Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Vietnam Instructor: Prof. Kate Orff Team: Hsin Yi Chao, Greg LeMaire, Tanaya Kadam

In a culture that has traditionally lived with water, there is a growing disconnect between life and water in Can Tho. What if we were to reconnect the movement and flows of the urban hydrological cycle to the city of Can Tho and its people? By reimagining a new network of spillways through existing

overbuilt roads and a distribution of recharge parks to clean the water, [RE] FLOW increases the city’s ability to live with water and respond to its changing dynamics. [RE] FLOW can be a model for growth not only for Can Tho but for increasingly urbanized deltaic landscapes around the world.

A WATER BASED CULTURE The people of Can Tho have traditionally embraced a water based lifestyle.

URBAN FLOODING The city and mainly the streets of Can Tho regularly flood and disrupt the daily lives of people. 55

SEWAGE POLLUTION The people of Can Tho are always at risk due to the sewer outfalls that dump untreated waste into the city’s waterways. 56

REFLOWING CAN THO Reflow is a strategy to use the existing city fabric like the redundant wide roads and the underutilized green spaces to address the current and future urban stresses.

SOCIAL STEWARDSHEDS The Reflow strategy would comprise Recharge Parks and Road Spillways in order to address the issues. These proposed amenities would be assigned a stewardshed based on the immediate distances within that neighborhood. The stewardsheds would be in charge of activating these as public spaces and would help maintain them. 57

STRATEGY I: ROAD SPILLWAYS By introducing a network of green spillways utilizing the existing roads in Can Tho, strategy I will provide linear public spaces throughout the city and during periods of heavy rain, the spillways would take in the excess water that would normally flood.

EXISTING AND FLOODED ROAD IN CAN THO

PROPOSED PRIMARY ROAD SPILLWAY 58

STRATEGY II: RECHARGE PARKS The distributed constructed wetlands will be placed strategically through out the city, in accordance with the modeled flows of the surface and waste water. The low lying areas of the recharge park will act as overflow basins as the water level rises.

EXISTING UNDERUTILIZED GREEN SPACE

PROPOSED RECHARGE PARK 59

AN HOA RECHARGE PARK: DRY SEASON The constructed wetlands would help treat the waste while the low lying area would act as a programmed space.

AN HOA RECHARGE PARK: WET SEASON The constructed wetlands would help treat the waste while the low lying areas would take in the overflow from the canals. 60

NGYUEN VAN CU ROAD SPILLWAY A reinvigorating street scape that is also a platform for the local stakeholders and social actors like the fishermen, shrimp farmers, street market vendors and boatmen to expand their knowledge and horizon and also feel a sense of responsibility for the public spaces along the spillways, in return providing their services to keep it maintained.

AN HOA RECHARGE PARK Revitalizing a Sense of Community at the Recharge Park.

THE SPILLWAY STREETS AS ACTIVE PUBLIC SPACES. 65

CULTURAL AND MEETING SPACES AROUND WATER. 67

PORTFOLIO GSAPP’19, Columbia University, New York M. S. Architecture and Urban Design saa2226@columbia.edu (+1) 646-589(5242)