SHIYANG HE THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
2013 - 2017
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO 2013 - 2016
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFORLIO
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
iv
CONTENTs
PROFESSIONAL WORK SAMPLES 01
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE
02
VEN.FANN
03
LIND POINT TRAIL
DOWNTOWN CIVIC PLAZA DESIGN, ALTOONA FOLK-HOUSE STYLE RESORT DESIGN, CHINA MODELING & RENDERING, VIRGIN ISLAND
P2-15 P16-31 P32-33
CONTENTS
ACADEMIC WORK SAMPLES 04 05 06
WASTE.LAND
INFRASTRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN, TANZANIA
UP TO NATURE
SOUTH PHILADELPHIA ZOO MASTERPLAN & EXHIBIT DESIGN
P36-45 P46-55
LAST REFUGE
GEODESIGN: HABITAT RESTORATION FOR NATIVE BROOK TROUT AND OTHER WILDLIFE, SPRING CREEK WATERSHED P56-63
07
NEW GROUND
08
FROM CO-EXISTENCE TO SYMBIOSIS
09
THE FORT AND COHESION
FORT-HOUSE STYLE COMMUNITY CENTER DESIGN, CHINA
P70-71
10
DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
P72-73
WILDLIFE CORRIDOR & POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN TRAILER PARK DESIGN & COMMUNITY FORESTRY, STATE COLLEGE
v
P64-67 P68-69
PROFESSIONAL WORK
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
2
ＥＭＢＲＡＣＥ ＴＨＥ ＨＥＲＩＴＡＧＥ DOWNTOWN CIVIC PLAZA DESIGN ２０１６－２０１７ ＡＬＴＯＯＮＡ， ＰＡ
3
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
INTRODUCTION After a pedestrian-oriented neighborhood has been introduced around the heritage plaza based on the SuperBlock project rooted in Barcelona, the site has taken advantage of its significant location as an important intersection spot for three regenerated pedestrian corridors. By providing seating, shading and sightseeing platforms which encourage meditation and observation for the town’s most famous landmarks – the railway and the cathedral, the site is considered as a connective space which helps visitors to know the town, and residents to enjoy their community. New greenary has been added to the site to compose diverse sptial experience, achieve stormwater management requirement, and provide natural habitat. A permanent market corridor has been set up for beer garden and farmers market according to the requirement of the client. The old rail car on site has also been transferred to a cafe service spot, with refurnished restroom beside to accommodate the increased visitors’ flow rate.
Pocket Park Parking Lot Pennsylvania
11th Ave.
4
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
Altoona
Pocket Park 4 5
1
1
1
3
2 3
2
2
1 5
2
6
4
3
Altoona Downtown Area
Vacant Lot
14th St.
11th Ave.
5 Pocket Park
Parking Lot
Heritage Plaza
11th Avenue Streetscape
MUSEUM
RECREATION EDUCATION Wright Elementary School
2
Altoona Central Catholic School
1
Altoona Symphony Orchestra
2
Mishler Theatre
3
1
1
Altoona Area High School
2
3
Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art
A Quaint Corner Children's Museum & Discovery Center Fire Base Eagle Inc Vietnam Museum
3
4
Penn-Lincoln Elementary School 4
Gospel Hill Park 1
Altoona Area Junior High School 5
Railroaders Memorial Museum
Allegheny Ballet Company
Jewish Memorial Centre 5
Altoona Fairview Cemetery 2
Lenny's Classic Car Museum 6
ＵＲＢＡＮ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
Mural
Pocket Park
ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ
Cathedral-Blessed Sacrament
6
14th St.
14th St.
Gospel Hill Park
11th Ave.
11th Ave.
11th Ave.
11th Ave.
Bus Station Flyover
Flyover
The existing pedestrian corridor connecting plaza with downtown’s major attractions - the cathedral and the park - should be continued.
The pedestrian corridor between the plaza and the Amtrak Station can be established to attract more visitors to the downtown commercial zone.
Train Station
14th St. 11th Ave.
11th Ave.
Train Station
P R R Expy
14th St.
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
Bus Station P R R Expy
11th Ave.
11th Ave.
Bus Station
Bus Station Flyover
Flyover
P R R Expy
P R R Expy
The 11th Avenue has roped up several vacant lots and pocket parks with the plaza, which together form a potential resting system in downtown area.
Buffers need to be set up to keep away the disturbance and unsafe view from the adjacent parking lot and the highway.
NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIVITY
14th St.
11th Ave.
11th Ave.
Raised Pedestrian Crossing
7 ENTRY STAGE
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
SPRAY ZONE
PRIVATE PARKING
CENTRAL PLAZA
BOSQUE
MARKET PAVILLION
DE
ENA
M PRO
PUBLIC PARKING ZONE
PUBLIC PARKING ZONE
RAILWAY MEADOW GARDEN
ELEVATED VIEWING DECK
RAIL CAR CAFE
BUS STATION
LIFT
N
MASTERPLAN
PRR EXPY
0
10
20
30
40
50 ft.
CENTRAL PLAZA
Plaza Spray
Playground
Performance
Collective Activities
Outdoor Movie
Pedestrian Corridor
RAIL STATION GARDEN
MARKET PAVILLION
TREE BOSQUE
Shading
Resting Area
Chatting Area
Pedestrian Corridor
Beer Garden
Greenary
Farmers Market
Pollinator Habitat
Elevated Viewing
Outdoor Cafe & Dining
Restroom
PROJECTS & SCENARIOS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
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Removable Bollards
Perennial Planting Bed
Perennial Pla Stormwater Inlet
Movable Furniture Perennial Planting Bed Stormwater Inlet
Stormwater Inlet Stormwater Inlet
ADA Lift Perennial Planting Bed
Stormwater Inlet
Bioretention & Stormwater Reservoir
Bioretention & Stormwater Reservoir
ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ
9
Existing Mural
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
anting Bed
Annual/Biannual Plants
5.0%
2.1%
SECTION-PERSPECTIVE
Outdoor Cafe
Performance Movie Background
10
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
Residential Park
Pollinator Habitat
MATERIALITY Wood Decking
Sightseeing Landmark
Pixelated Square Modular Pavers
k
11
Seating & Chatting
ELEVATED VIEWING DECK
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
PSU Trail Surface Aggregate (TSA)
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
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RAILWAY MEADOW GARDEN
TREE BOSQUE
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
2
FEB
Rain Garden Plantation Precipitation (Monthly)
M1 JAN
FEB
Rain Garden Plantation
M1
MAR
APR
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
JUL
AUG
SEP
NOV
OCT
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
JAN
13
DEC
Precipitation (Monthly)
MAY
JUN
W7
OCT
M3
NOV M4
M5 DEC
M3
M4
M5
W6
M2
W5
W7
W1
Wildlife Habitat
W6
M2
W4 W2
W3
W5
W1
Wildlife Habitat
W4 W2
W3
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRESERVED TREE SPECIES P1
Cultivar Zelkova
Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’
P2
London Plane
Platanus acerifolia
Honeylocust P3 PRESERVED TREE SPECIES Japanese Zelkova P4 P1 Cultivar Zelkova P2
Gleditsia triacanthos Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’
P1 London Plane
P2 Platanus acerifolia
P3
Honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos
P4
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
P1
TREES
P2
WETLAND MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS P3
P4
W1 W2
P3
P4
Black chokeberry Blue Vervain
Aronia melanocarpa Verbena hastata
Goldenrod Solidago patula, S. rugosa W3 WETLAND MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS Aster novaeanglia New England Aster W4 Black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa W1 Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum W5 Blue Vervain Verbena hastata W2 Iris versicolor Blue flag Iris W6 Goldenrod Solidago patula, S. rugosa W3 Bottlebrush Grass Hystrix patula W7 New England Aster Aster novaeanglia W4
1
Sycamore
Plantanus occidentalis
2
Black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
3 TREES
Pond Pine
Pinus palustris
1 Sycamore Plantanus occidentalis MESIC MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS 2 Black gum Nyssa sylvatica M1 Inkberry Ilex glabra 3 Pond Pine Pinus palustris M2 Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana Threadleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis verticillata M3 MESIC MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS Eupatorium colestinum M4 Mistflower M1 Inkberry Ilex glabra M5 Switchgrass Panicum virgatum M2 Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana
W5
Boneset
Eupatorium perfoliatum
M3
Threadleaf Coreopsis
Coreopsis verticillata
W6
Blue flag Iris
Iris versicolor
M4
Mistflower
Eupatorium colestinum
W7
Bottlebrush Grass
Hystrix patula
M5
Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
PLANTING LIST
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
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MARKET PAVILLION
PLAZA SPRAY
ＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ 3'-0" 12'-0"
15'-0"
24'-0"
12'-0"
9'-0"
18'-0"
20'-0"
3'-0"
7'-0"
20'-0"
6'-0"
20'-0"
7'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
3'-0"
20'-0"
18'-0"
3'-0"
7'-0" 6'-0"
20'-0"
15
20'-0"
20'-0"
EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA
20'-0"
20'-0"
MARKET PAVILLION
"
'-7
24
20'-0"
21'-0''
2'-0"
12'-0"
10'-0"
4'-8"
4'-8"
8'-0"
12'-0"
20'-0"
"
'-7
22
21'-0"
12'-0"
20'-0"
8'-6"
21'-0"
ELEVATED VIEWING DECK
20'-0"
20'-0"
21'-0"
13'-9"
12'-0"
8'-0"
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
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文凡
ＶＥＮ．ＦＡＮＮ
FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT DESIGN ２０１３ ＱＩＮＧＹＡＮ， ＣＨＩＮＡ
17
INTRODUCTION
Q INGYAN
town, a famous tourist attraction located in Guizhou Province in southernwest China, is attracting millions of visitors each year from all over the world. Our goal is to create a resort & recreation complex which provides modern accommondation and entertainment service to its customers, while also stays in harmony with the town's antique architectural and living style. After two months of deep and thourough research on the town's growing pattern, the existing urban fabric, as well as the traditional folk house style, we have come up with a resort complex including a central check-in zone, 150 guestrooms in different clusters, a two-floor restaurant with related facilities, a banquet hall, two meeting rooms, a staff apartment and other landscape infrastructure and amenities.
VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
PROJECT AREA 11775 sq.m (2.9 acres) INTERN TIME 2013.07-2013.09 PROJECT LEADERS DAFANG LI (Beijing Forestry University) GENGFEI WANG PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT & CONTRIBUTION Site Inventory & Analysis -- Data Collection & Organization; Literature Review; Historic House Measurement & Photography; Schematic Design -- Guestroom Zone Masterplan & Facade Design; CAD/Diagram Drawing, Modelling & Rendering.
SITE LOCATION
ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ
Guiyang (the Provincial Capital) 2h
by
ar
c
Beijing
Qingyan the ancient town belongs to part of the Guiyang metropolitan in Guizhou Province, China, with a distance of about 2 hours’ drive from the major provicial capital, which makes it an ideal weekend destination.
Shanghai
Qing-Yan the Ancient Town
TOURISTS INFORMATION
18
Foreign Tourists
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
42% stays overnight
A great number of visitors would like to stay a night in the town, which makes hotel one of the most sucessful business here.
Domestic Tourists not from Guiyang
Domestic Tourists from Guiyang
55% stays overnight
25% stays overnight
CLIMATE 1400 898 778
Q INGYAN
town, located in Guizhou Province in southernwest China, has had a histor y of over 600 years. Owing to its important geographic position on a traditional business corridor connecting the region to the capital, the town has transformed from an indispensible military base in Ming dynasty, to a transport hub and then commercial center of the region for centuries. Today being a famous tourist attraction, Qingyan is still attracting millions of visitors from all over the world to visit the town and enjoy the local food, the historic buildings existing over centuries, and the lively atmosphere in an antique neighborhood.
218
Precipitation
Balmy weather makes Qingyan a popular holiday destination. Although it has a relevantly high precipitation, the temperature and moisture content are within a comfortable range.
22.2
18.7
11.5 4.4
83.3
73.7
71.2
(mm)
79.0
Temperature
(℃)
Moisture
(%)
Jan - Mar
Apr - Jun
Jul - Sep
Oct - Dec
ECONOMY 50%
Agriculture
Forestry
Since the 1990s, tourism has become the lifeblood of the city, which occupies an average of over half of the residents’ income.
25%
Manufacture Business Industry Tourism
0% 1624
1990
2000
2013
DESIGN BACKGROUND INVENTORY
Major Commercial Street Characteristic Lanes Major Commercial Street
Characteristic Lanes
Tourists Attractions
Tourists Attractions
Civic Facilities Tourists Attractions Major Commercial Street Civic Facilities Characteristic Lanes
Tourists Attractions Civic Facilities Tourists Attractions Civic Facilities Civic Facilities
CIRCULATION AND AMENITIES DISTRIBUTION
19
LONGQUAN TEMPLE
THE NORTH GATE
ANCESTRAL HALL OF ZHAO Academy Restaurant
RESORT SITE
(PREVIOUS MIDDLE SCHOOL)
THE CATHEDRAL
Academy Restaurant
Qingyan Town Nursing Home
Qingyan Town Primary School
Farmers’ Market
WENCHANG PAVILION CIYUN TEMPLE
WANSHOU PALACE
THE SOUTH GATE
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN TOWN
VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT CITY WALL
MEASUREMENT & PHOTOS OF CONNECTED FOLK HOUSE (PROTOTYPE OF CLUSTER A)
20 Second Floor Plan
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
Ground Floor Plan
ＩＮＶＥＮＴＯＲＹ ＆ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ
Wing House Elevation
FACADE PHOTO OF CONNECTED HOUSE
Central House Elevation
Central House Plan
DIMENSION DETAIL OF HOUSE
ORNAMENTAL ELEMENTS
Beauty-Lay Railing
Waist Gate
Ancestor Hall
MEASUREMENT & PHOTOS OF SINGULAR FOLK HOUSE (PROTOTYPE OF CLUSTER B)
FACADE PHOTO OF SINGULAR HOUSE
TRADITIONAL FOLK HOUSE STUDY -- COLOR
21
Wall
VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
BASIC COLORS OF QINGYAN
INTERSPERSED COLOR OF QINGYAN
Roof
Ground
Door & Window
Vegetation
Ground & Wall
Flowering Vegetation
TRADITIONAL FOLK HOUSE STUDY -- FORM After taking some detailed measuring work on the traditional folk house in town, as well as conducting interviews with a few local architects, constructors and community leaders, we learned the construction details of the typical wooden structure-CHUANDOU Style, the architecture monomers for the local folk house since Ming dynasty, and how these monomers assemble different clusters. We also collected the most reprensentative environmental colors and materials of the town, which later guided us to generate the architectural facade.
ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ
DIMENTION ADJUSTMENT & CLUSTER FORMATION We have decided to ajust the size of our guest house unit according to the 4-star hotel construction standards, and adding a second floor to the wing house. While designing a modern hotel, we still choose to keep some of the traditional ornamental structures as well as maintaining the ratio between the height and width of the traditional house so to follow the traditional house construction rules.
22
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
B
B
B
B A
CLUSTER TYPE A Room Quantity 12 Guestrooms + 1 Linen Room
HAND DRAWING DRAFT ILLUSTRATION OF CLUSTER B
TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
A
B
C
23 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
A B
B C
CLUSTER TYPE B Room Quantity 10 Guestrooms + 1 Linen Room
HAND DRAWING DRAFT ILLUSTRATION OF CLUSTER B
SUCCESSION PROCESS OF THE TOWN
ORINGINAL SETTLEMENT
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
24
GROWTH TENDENCY
EXISTING URBAN FABRIC
SUCCESSION PROCESS OF THE HOTEL
CLUSTER A
CLUSTER B
JIN GROWTH
JIN GROWTH
KUA GROWTH
KUA GROWTH
......
+
......
=
ACCESSIBILITY
URBAN FABRIC & SUCCESSION Considering any courtyard as basic unit,the family’s territories expand along the road in all directions until no space left. This is also how the town grew up and become as high-density as it is today. After research on the urban fabric of Qingyan Town, two cluster growth patterns have been found - KUA (stride-over) which grows aside along the streets, and JIN (advancing) which grows deep inside from the street. Spaces between different individual houses are the most critical elements in such pattern that weaved the town's urban fabric. Narrow paths less than 1m have been kept during urban growth process to set up linkage among the main yard of the family and those more private ones. We have also noticed that it is the accessibility among each cluster that spacially integrates the big family living in adjacent houses.By imitating the growth pattern of the town, we have arranged our own hotel house clusters which comply to the town's existing growth tendency. We also applied those linkage path among our hotel to form a sense of family.
25 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
GUESTHOUSE RANGE
RESORT HOUSE LAYOUT * Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.
SCHEMATIC DESIGN -- PLAN & CIRCULATION
ff Sta n tra En
E
ce
VIC SER S IE FF & STA FACILIT
T
Ma
/OU -IN ECK SK KIO
ce
CH
tran
En jor
n tra En ce
ance
B
ne
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
C CE REN NY O NFE CO EREM & C ZONE
tr
f En
Staf
trance
ce ran ent) nt nt ev y E orta onfor imp rempen Ce(only o
26
A
Lane En
La
USE HO EST GU ZONE
T RAN N TAU ATIO RES ECRE &R
D public open spaces
house clusters
private yards
layout axis
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
OPEN SPACE ANALYSIS
GUESTHOUSE CLUSTER & AXIS
CIRCULATION -- GUESTS
CIRCULATION -- STAFF
CIRCULATION -- FIRE PROTECTION
PHYSICAL MODEL * Group modelling with Bingjie Liu, Dawei Tang
CITY WALL RELICS PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE
Second Floor Plan
27 CHECK-IN HOUSE
First Floor Plan
FRONT PLAZA
CENTRAL HALL
Ground Floor Plan
CEREMONY GATE
HOTEL MASTERPLAN Base Floor Plan
VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
REAR PLAZA
FACADE DESIGN
* Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.
GUESTHOUSE MONOMER A
28
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
NIGHT VIEW PERSPECTIVE
GUESTHOUSE MONOMER B
CENTRAL HALL & CONFERENCE ROOMS
SECTION-ELEVATIONS
29 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
1
ROOF MATERIAL DETAILS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
30
2
CENTRAL YARD OF GUESTHOUSE
POST-CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS
4
CENTRAL WATER PLAZA
3
BACK PATH WITH PRESERVED TREE
31
3 1
VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013
2
4
BIRDVIEW PERSPECTIVE * Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.
LIND POINT TRAIL -- MODELING & RENDERING 2017 VIRGIN ISLAND TOURISM PLANNING PROPOSAL BY JEREMY WIMPEY (PENN STATE UNIVERSITY)
PLAN/SECTION RENDERINGS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017
32
OVERLOOK1 RENDERING
33
LIND POINT TRAIL,, VIRGIN ISLAND
OVERLOOK2 RENDERING
ACADEMIC WORK
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016
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ＷＡＳＴＥ．ＬＡＮＤ INFRASTRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN ２０１６ ＵＤＺＵＮＧＷＡ ＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮ， ＴＡＮＺＡＮＩＡ
37
This project aims at providing a landscape architectural solution to the environment
degradation issue in Tanzania caused by unmanaged waste disposal and contamination of groundwater. With the introduction of a new, infrastructural landscape framework to rural villagers who are unable to get access to public sewage system or wastewater treatment, the design attempts to solve the conflict between feces disposal and clean water acquisition by rearranging the existing land use pattern based on household activities. This design helps to separate natural water source from human and animal feces, as well as setting up a circulatory system that transfer the energy from fecal matters and other waste to various uses including cooking and fertilization.
WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016
INTRODUCTION
ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ MAJOR MAJOR ROAD ROAD & HOUSES & HOUSES
HOUSE HOUSE CLUSTERS CLUSTERS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016
38
There are over 2.6 billion people in the
world living a life without adequate sanitary facility or safe water supply (Thomas al., 2013). The lack of such fundamental municipal ser vices has been proven to result in the prevailing of many waterrelated diseases which regulaly occur in underdeveloped regions, including diarrhea, typhoid and other notorious diseases spread in water, or water-related parasitic infections. This issue is particularly severe in rural areas of Tanzania, where 76% of the villagers use pit latrines that are in poor physical and unhygienic conditions. For example, in the vicinity of UMNP where high water table and heavy precipitation occurs during rain season, while spit latrine and manual drilling well have been widely used, it is very likely that human excreta stored and accumulated in latrines 15 feet below ground surface will occur in the water table, thus contaminate the groundwater.
WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE IN IN CLUSTER CLUSTER CENTER CENTER
BUFFER BUFFER AREA AREA AROUND AROUND WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE
WASTELAND WASTELAND SEPERATED SEPERATED FROM FROM WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE
OUTSKIRT OUTSKIRT AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL FIELDS FIELDS
SAMPLE VILLAGE (MAGOMBERA) LAND USE REORGANIZATION
latrine
latrine latrine
latrine
well
well
latrine latrine
well
household waste
household waste household waste
MISARRANGEMENT OF WATER/WASTE SYSTEM IN THE VILLAGE
Typhoid Typhoid Typhoid
Schistosomiasis
Dysentery Dysentery Dysentery
Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis Malaria Malaria Malaria Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea Diarrhoea PREVAILING OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES
The exposed, manually drilled well used in many of the villages in the country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment. The exposed, manually drilleddrilled well used many of theof villages in the in country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, The exposed, manually well in used in many the villages the country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment. bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment.
93 % of the Tanzanians have latrine in their home. However, 76% of the population, especially people living in rural areas, still use the traditional pit latrine. (Thomas et al., 2013) In rural areas, lack of solid waste collection and poor drainage combined with extensive use of pit latrines together make for very poor hygiene conditions. (Thomas et al., 2013). 93 % of Tanzanians have have latrinelatrine in theirinhome. However, 76% of76% theof population, especially people living in ruralinareas, still use the 93the % of the Tanzanians their home. However, the population, especially people living rural areas, still use the traditional pit latrine. (Thomas et al.,et 2013) In ruralInareas, lack of solid collection and poor combined with extensive traditional pit latrine. (Thomas al., 2013) rural areas, lack of waste solid waste collection and drainage poor drainage combined with extensive use ofuse pit latrines together makemake for very conditions. (Thomas et al.,et 2013). of pit latrines together forpoor very hygiene poor hygiene conditions. (Thomas al., 2013).
Pollutant from Agricultural Land
(fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains, etc)
Pollutant from from Agricultural LandLand Pollutant Agricultural
(fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains, etc) etc) (fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains,
Pollutant from Natural Environment (mosmosquito, frog, etc.)
Pollutant fromfrom Natural Environment Pollutant Natural Environment (mosmosquito, frog, frog, etc.)etc.) (mosmosquito,
Exposed Soil Around Exposed Exposed Soil Soil Around Around
Pollutant from Living Zone
(latrine, animal pen, workshop, etc.)
Pollutant Living Pollutant fromfrom Living ZoneZone
(latrine, animal workshop, (latrine, animal pen, pen, workshop, etc.)etc.)
WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016
HIGH WATER TABLE + TABLE HIGH WATER HIGH WATER TABLE DEEP PIT+LATRINE + DEEP PITPIT LATRINE DEEP LATRINE
Cholera Cholera Cholera
39
CONTAMINATION FROM LATRINE AND ADJACENT LAND USE
ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ
7 6
6
6
Wasteland & Fields
6
Living/Working Land 5
4
6 6
6 6
3
2
6
7
1b
3
1a
Buffer Garden
1c
Centre Yard 3
7 LEGEND 1a
40
1b 1c 2 3 4 5 6
BUFFER CIRCLES ANALYSIS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016
7
well gathering area reservior wetland zone gravel path buffer bush living zone rain season compost tanks/ dry season planting pots dry season compost tank / rain season fishing farm
LEGEND
house latrine kitchen church buffer bush
N
existing trees planted trees multi-functional tank
0
25
50m
REARRANGED LAND USE IN SAMPLE VILLAGE (MAGOMBERA)
41
house phreatic aquifer
(prone to pollution from activities taking place on surface)
buffer bush
(barrier for large garbage & livestock)
impermeable layer
(forms a barrier for bacteria and pollution and prevents them from traveling down to the second aquifer)
Multi-layer Vegetation
(tree: chemicals absorber grass: sediments blockers)
Wetland
(water-tolerant species)
Gathering Area
(keep off canopy above to introduce sufficient sunlight that kills pathogen)
second aquifer
(best to install the wellscreen in second aquifer if possible)
BUFFER GARDEN & CENTRAL GATHERING AREA SECTION
WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016
BUFFER GARDEN & CENTRAL GATHERING AREA RENDERING
surface runoff
surface runoff
ground water concern: latrine at least 30m away from water source surface water concern: do not place latrine at the up-hill of water source
SEPARATION OF POLLUTION SOURCE AND WATER SOURCE
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016
42
WATERTABLE IN RAINY SEASON
WATERTABLE IN DRY SEASON
43 WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016
WASTELAND IN RAINY SEASON -- TEMPORARY FISH POND
Use air pressure difference to vertilate the chamber
Use kitchen ash or burn a bunch of dry banana leaves at the pit hole to reduce smell
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016
44
Liquid waste (bacteria-free) directly transferred to the chamber under bathroom, which later mixed with wastewater from shower and discharge into the planting bed
storage
Solid waste divided from the liquid waste and transferred into the side-chamber for temperary
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF URINE DIVERTING DEHYDRATION LATRINE
Traditional Pit Latrine
Raised Base
Planting Bed
TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL LATRINE TO COMPOST LATRINE
45
Stairs
Privacy Screen
WASTELAND IN DRY SEASON -- COMPOST PLANTING BED
WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016
Waste Storage Chamber
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
46
ＵＰ ＴＯ ＮＡＴＵＲＥ SOUTHERN PHILADELPHIA ZOO MASTERPLAN ２０１６ ＰＨＩＬＡＤＥＬＰＨＩＡ， ＰＡ *Group Project with Karen Kuo
47 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016
ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ This project is based on reshaping the relationship between human and animals living in urban context, including zoo animals, wildlife adapted to urban environment, as well as migratory birds that have considered city as their stepping stone along the migratory corridors. The rennovated zoo will not only accommodate exhibit animals, but also provide different types of habitat for wildlife as well as falicilities like canopy walk and bird blind with which human can appropriately interact with nature. ATLANTIC FLYWAY
East Fairmount Park --Boxer's Trail
40 Species
98 Species
1 mile
2 mile
East Park Reservoir (restricted access)
62 Species
East Fairmount Park --Sedgley Woods Area
109 Species
Fairmount Park --Horticultural Center/Concourse Lake area
3 mile
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
48
Philadelphia Zoo
East Fairmount Park --Lemon Hill
0 Species
112 Species
Art Museum Waterworks Cobbs Creek Park
111 Species
64 Species
BIO-HOTSPOT IN PHILADELPHIA
Fairmount Park --Cobbs Creek EEC
105 Species
Kaskey Park / UPenn BioPond
Clark Park
34 Species
Cobbs Creek Park
77 Species
122 SpeciesWoodlands Cemetery
41 Species 17 Species
Rittenhouse Square
South St. Bridge
101 SpeciesGrays Ferry Crescent Trail
Mt. Moriah Cemetery --north (Delaware Co.)
84 Species 81
86 Species
Mt. Moriah Cemetery --south (Philadelphia Co.) Species
173 Species Bartram's Garden
BIRDING HOTSPOT DISTRIBUTION
EXISTING WILDLIFE CORRIDOR
Food Source
ALL-SEASON
Cyanocitta cristata
Buteo jamaicensis
Melospiza melodia
Scolopax minor
Sturnus vulgaris
Cardinalis cardinalis Quiscalus quiscula
Molothrus ater
Anas strepera
Haemorhous mexicanus
Ardea herodias
Branta canadensis
Geothlypis trichas
Agelaius phoeniceus
Aix sponsa
49 Setophaga cerulea
Cardellina canadensis Setophaga caerulescens
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Phalacrocorax auritus
Egretta caerulea
Limosa haemastica
BREEDING Vireo olivaceus
Protonotaria citrea
Hylocichla mustelina
Setophaga petechia
Ammodramus savannarum
Ardea alba
WINTERING Accipiter gentilis Setophaga coronata
Junco hyemalis Zonotrichia albicollis
Anas clypeata
Canopy Top Bushes
Prairies
Undergrowth
FOREST HABITAT
Ponds Thickets
Gardens
OPEN FIELD HABITAT
Marshes
WETLAND HABITAT
UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016
MIGRATORY
+ 52.0
HIPPO POOL
+ 42.0
+ 30.0
+ 40.0 + 48.0 + 54.0
+ 40.0
BEER GARDEN + 40.0
+ 44.0
+ 52.0
+ 56.0
IMPALA & OSTRICH + 30.0 ser vice
GIRAFFE & ZEBRA
gate ser vice
SAVANNA EXHIBIT
gate
+ 52.0 + 30.0 se
+ 44.0
ice
rv ga te
+ 46.0
+ 40.0
+ 32.0
+ 35.0
AVIARY
ser
FLAMINGO
+ 40.0
+ 46.0
50
CHEETAH + 40.0
+ 46.0
BIRD CENTER + 46.0 + 42.0
+ 48.0
+ 30.0
+ 44.0
+ 45.0 + 40.0
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
FLEXIBLE HABITAT BLACK & WHITE COLOBUS
+ 38.0
AFRICAN WILD DOG + 40.0
+ 50.0
LEGEND
BLACK & WHITE RUFFED LEMUR
Vegetated Area
MONGOOSE LEMUR
+ 34.0
PRIMATES+ 32.0 CENTER
VIEWING PAVILION
+ 50.0
Exhibit Area Waterbody Ground Walk Canopy Walk Service Path
RING-TAILED LEMUR
CARIBOU & MOOSE
PENGUIN & SEA LION
TUNDRA PLAZA
Existing Tree (Large)
+ 38.0
VIEWING PAVILION
ARCTIC FOX & ARCTIC WOLF
CINEMA CINEMA
Existing Tree (Medium)
POLAR BEAR
Existing Tree (Small) Proposed Tree
SOUTHERN ZOO MASTERPLAN
TICKETS KIOSK SMALL MAMMALS
ENTRANCE
CAFE & GIFT SHOP
+ 64.0
+ 72.0
ENTRY PLAZA
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
SAVANNA WETLAND
BOREAL FOREST
FLEXIBLE HABITAT TUNDRA ARCTIC
CLIMATIC BIOZONES
LEGEND Visitor Circulation Canopy Walk Service Path
HUMAN CIRCULATION
WATER CIRCULATION
vice
gate
ANIMAL - HUMAN RELATION CHANGE IN ZOO DESIGN Past
Present
Ideal
51
SECTION-PERSPECTIVE (N-S)
Sea bird
Antarctic
Arctic
Leopard seal Polar bear Penguin
Walrus
Elephant seal
Arctic fox
Seal
Seal
Caribou mosses
Bearberry
Antarctic pearlwort
Arctic mosses
Labrador tea
Arctic willow Amphipod Small toothed whale
Narwhal
Arctic cod Themisto libellula
AFRICAN SAVANNA
EXISTING TEMPERATE DECIDOUS
Squid
ARCTIC ANTARCTIC BOREAL FOREST
TAIGA
benthos
TUNDRA Penguin
Killer whale Baleen whale
Sperm whale
Bowhead whale
*Renderings on this page done by Karen Kuo.
BIOZONE ANALYSIS
UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016
SECTION-PERSPECTIVE (S-N)
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
52
TUNDRA GARDEN & CANOPY WALK
CENTRAL LAKE & FLAMINGO EXHIBIT
ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ
53 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016
BIRD BLIND STRUCTURE DETAILS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
54
BEER GARDEN & SAVANNA PLAIN
INDOOR AVIARY EXHIBIT
ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ
55 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016
AVIARY STRUCTURE DETAILS
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
56
ＬＡＳＴ ＲＥＦＵＧＥ GEODESIGN: HABITAT RESTORATION FOR NATIVE BROOK TROUT AND OTHER WILDLIFE ２０１５ ＳＰＲＩＮＧ ＣＲＥＥＫ ＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤ， ＰＡ
57 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS SUITABILITY ANALYSIS A. FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT & PROJECT A.STATEMENT FINAL DESIGN CONCEPTGOAL STATEMENT & PROJECT GOAL
SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017
58
This project is aiming at the restoration of natural habitat forisbrook trout, a native trout species that has This project aiming at the restoration of natural been for totally displaced the Spring Creek Watershed habitat brook trout, ainnative trout species that has region by displaced the exotic brown trout introduced to local fish been totally in the Spring Creek Watershed farms hundred years trout ago which is more tolerant region byathe exotic brown introduced to local fish to environment andwhich disturbances from human farms a hundredchanges years ago is more tolerant to activities. In order toand reintroduce this environmentally environment changes disturbances from human sensitive back to the stem of Spring activities. Introut orderspecies to reintroduce thismain environmentally Creek as well as other tributaries in the watershed, sensitive trout species back to the main stem of Springit is necessary to provide suitable natural environment with Creek as well as other tributaries in the watershed, it is abundant water quantity, proper water temperanecessary to provide suitable natural environment with ture, good water quality and enough food supply. abundant water quantity, proper water tempera-
1 1
PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 PLANE DATASETS PROJECTION PA STATE N SHIYANG HE MLA 2ND YEAR DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 DATASETS
B. ANALYTICAL MATRICES B. ANALYTICAL MATRICES SUITABILITY SUITABILITY FOR FOR BROOK BROOK TROUT TROUT HABITAT HABITAT
SHIYANG HE
MLA 2ND YEAR
01 DIRECT INFLUENCE ON WATER SUPPLEMENT 01 DIRECT INFLUENCE ON WATER SUPPLEMENT
02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE 02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE
ture, good water quality and enough food supply. Water Requirement for Brook Trout:
Water Requirement for Brook Trout: Abundant -- less impervious surface Clear -- less sediments Abundant -- less impervious surface Pure less contaminants Clear -- -less sediments Cold -less runoff, enough shading Pure -- less contaminants HOE (heavy-oxygen-enriched) Cold -- less runoff, enough shading -- less nutrients for other aquatic oxygen-consumptive organisms HOE (heavy-oxygen-enriched) -- less nutrients for
03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS Reference: National Park Service, http://www.nps.gov/shen/learn/nature/brook-trout.html
03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS
other aquatic oxygen-consumptive organisms
Reference: National Park Service, http://www.nps.gov/shen/learn/nature/brook-trout.html
C. INTERIM MAPS & EXPLANATIONS C. INTERIM MAPS & EXPLANATIONS 01 DIRECT INFLUENCES ON WATER SUPPLEMENT 01 DIRECT INFLUENCES ON WATER SUPPLEMENT Above 90%
more than 66%
Neutral Rock
75% - 90% Above 90%
33% - 66% more than 66%
Subacid / Alkalescent Rock Neutral Rock
Less than 75% 75% - 90%
Less than 33% 33% - 66%
Acid/ Alkaline Rock Subacid / Alkalescent Rock
Less than 75%
Less than 33%
Acid/ Alkaline Rock
GROUNDCOVER PERMEABILITY GROUNDCOVER PERMEABILITY Water Quantity -- The amount of permeable groundcover has had direct influence on the groundwater supplement. The more imWater Quantity The amount of permeable groundcover has in pervious ground a-- region has, the more surface run-off (higher hadtemperature direct influence the groundwater The more im-and andon contamination) andsupplement. less groundwater (cool pervious a region has, the surface run-off (higherofinNew clean)ground it will have. According to amore survey done by University temperature andimparment contamination) and less groundwater (cool andthan Hampshire, to streams often occurs when more clean) have. According to a survey done by University New 10%it will of the ground is covered with impervious surface. of And when Hampshire, imparment to streams often occurs when more than the percentage of imperviousness exceeds 25%, most watershed 10% of the ground is covered with impervious surface. And when will experience severe habitat and water quality impairment. the percentage of imperviousness exceeds 25%, most watershed will Reference: experience severe habitat and “The water quality impairment. University of New Hanpshire, Impacts of Impervious Surfaces on Water Resources”, from New Hanpshire Estuaries Project, 2007. Reference: University of New Hanpshire, “The Impacts of Impervious Surfaces on Water Resources”, from New Hanpshire Estuaries Project, 2007.
CANOPY COVERAGE CANOPY COVERAGE
is a function of the concentration or, more correctly, the activity of
PHThe Value -- Theof acidity and alkalinity of water Surface Water Temperature -- Run-off water is always a GroundWater free H+ and OH+. PH value groundwater is highly relaterd threat to coldwater species like brook trout because it tends to be Surface Run-off is joining alwaysina the exposedWater to directTemperature sunlight and get --heated upwater before threat to coldwater species like brook because it tendsabove to be the natural waterbody like streams. Thetrout existence of canopy exposed to direct sunlight and get heated up before joining in therain, ground can protect surface run-off from sun heat and acid natural like streams. existence of canopyrelevantly above the low thuswaterbody help the Spring Creek The Watersystem maintain ground can protect surfacePH run-off sun heat andcoldwater acid rain,spetemperature and stable value from that sustain native thuscies. help the Spring Creek Watersystem maintain relevantly low temperature and stable PH value that sustain native coldwater species. Reference: Paul D. Anderson, “Riparian Microclimate and Stream Temperature”. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr880/pnw_gtr880_034.pdf Reference: Paul D. Anderson, “Riparian Microclimate and Stream Temperature”. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr880/pnw_gtr880_034.pdf
02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE 02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE Forest / Vacant Land
BEDROCK PH BEDROCK GroundWater PH Value -- The acidity and alkalinityPH of water
Forest / Grazed Land
is ato function of thetype. concentration or, more the activity of the bedrock Neutral Rock suchcorrectly, as Sandstone and Quartifreesize H+ (SiO2) and OH+. PH valueon of the groundwater is Subacid/Alkaleshighly relaterd hasThe no influence PH change; to the bedrock Neutral RockAl2O3) such asmay Sandstone and Quarticent Rock type. like Shales (SiO2. cause slight fluctuation sizeon (SiO2) has no influence on theAlkaline PH change; Subacid/Alkalesthe water PH; while Acid/ Rock, which is Limestone cent(CaCO3) Rock like Shales (SiO2. Al2O3) may cause slight fluctuation and Dolomite (CaCO3. MgCO3) in Spring Creek Wateron the water while Acid/ Alkaline Rock, Limestone shed, canPH; significantly reduce/elevate PHwhich valueisand threat the (CaCO3) and Dolomite (CaCO3. MgCO3) in Spring species Creek Wateraquatic living organisms, especially the sensitive like brook shed, can significantly reduce/elevate PH value and threat the trout. aquatic living organisms, especially the sensitive species like brook trout. Reference: Jennifer J. Mosher and Robert H. Findlay, “Direct and Indirect Influence of Parental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/ Reference: Jennifer J. Mosher and Robert H. Findlay, “Direct and Indirect Influence of Parental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/
Forest / Grazed Land
rental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/
02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE Forest / Vacant Land
Forest / Grazed Land
Forest / Grazed Land
Urbanized Region
Urbanized Region
Urbanized Region
Transportation / Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land
Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land
Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land
SEDIMENTS
NUTRIENTS
Sediment Yield of a water body is, in part, determined by the
Nutrients and other Biocontaminants, including Nitro-
Metal can cause immediate fish kill or other types of biosystem damage when released to water without proper treatment. Transportation, Agriculture, Industrial and Mined lands are the most likely sources of such kind of chemical contamination, and the runoff going through these regions tends to have more severe chemical problems than those from urban land like residential areas. Forest and vacant lands are free of such worries since no human activity has taken place.
land uses surrounding that water body. Natural / grazed lands, with gen, Phosphorous, organics from human and animal waste, can abundant plant roots holding the soil from erosion, tend to genercause the decline in brook trout species by increasing the quantity ate minimum sediments. Urban region with all kinds of dust on surof aquatic microorganism like diatoms that soon grow overpopulatface may cause the accumulation of sediments in run-off, and later ed and exhaust dissolved oxygen in the stream. Fertilizers used in into the stream. Agricultural, industrial or mined land, and those pastures and agricultural lands account for most of the nutrients revacant land with exposed earth can generate sediments 8 times maining on surface, while the waste water from city may also con more than urbanized region and 32 times more than the well-vegetain N, P elements from daily-life consumptions. tated region, thus be the main threats to adjacent water body. PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N
Reference: “Biological & Chemical Stream Monitoring”, Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division, Spring 2009.
Reference: Joel Casagrande, “How does Land Use Affect Sediment Loads in Gabilan Creek”, Caniforlia State University, 2001.
SUITABILITY SUITABILITYANALYSIS ANALYSIS
SHIYANG HE MLA 2ND YEAR SHIYANG SHIYANG HE HE MLA 2ND MLA YEAR 2ND YEAR
03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS 03 03 RIPARIAN RIPARIAN BUFFER BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS EFFECTIVENESS Riparian Buffers are vital to the watershed ecosystem because they protect water body from negative effects, such as pollutions and Riparian Riparian Buffers Buffers are vital are to vital thetowatershed the watershed ecosystem ecosystem because because they protect they protect waterwater body body from from negative negative effects, effects, such such as pollutions as pollutions and and noises, of human activities. These vegetated buffers also provide food and habitat for specific plants and animals, and sometimes create
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
noises, noises, of human of human activities. activities. These These vegetated vegetated buffers buffers also provide also provide food food and habitat and habitat for specific for specific plantsplants and animals, and animals, and sometimes and sometimes create create corridors for wildlives migrating along the stream. The effectiveness of riparian buffer is mainly decided by four factors: slope, surface soil corridors corridors for wildlives for wildlives migrating migrating alongalong the stream. the stream. The effectiveness The effectiveness of riparian of riparian bufferbuffer is mainly is mainly decided decided by four by factors: four factors: slope,slope, surface surface soil soil type, vegetation mix and distance to waterbody. type, type, vegetation vegetation mix and mixdistance and distance to waterbody. to waterbody. Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
Multi-layered Vegetation Multi-layered Multi-layered Vegetation Vegetation Mono-layered Vegetation Mono-layered Mono-layered Vegetation Vegetation No Vegetation No Vegetation No Vegetation
PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 DATASETS
Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and Reconmmended and Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005.
03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS
0%-10% Moister & Nutritious 0%-10% 0%-10% & Nutritious & Nutritious are vital to the watershed ecosystem because Moister they Moister protect water body from negative effects, such as pollutions and 10%-25% High in Clay/Sand noises, of human activities. These vegetated buffers also provide food habitat for specific plants and animals, and sometimes create 10%-25% 10%-25% Highand in High Clay/Sand in Clay/Sand Impervious Above 25% corridors for wildlives migrating along the stream. The effectiveness of riparian buffer is mainly decided by four factors: slope, surface soil Impervious Impervious Above 25% Above 25%
Riparian Buffers
type, vegetation mix and distance to waterbody.
22 2
Reference: Joel Casagrande,PA “How PA does Land UsePLANE AffectPLANE Sediment PROJECTION PROJECTION STATE STATE N Loads N in Gabilan Creek”, Caniforlia StateLARCH University, 2001. DATA SOURCE 530 DATASETS DATA DATA SOURCE SOURCE LARCH LARCH 530530 DATASETS DATASETS
SHIYANG HE
MLA 2ND YEAR
Multi-layered Vegetation Mono-layered Vegetation No Vegetation
Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
0%-10%
Moister & Nutritious
10%-25%
High in Clay/Sand
Above 25%
Impervious
VEGETATION TYPE VEGETATION VEGETATION TYPE TYPE The buffer’s purifying capacity is also related to the vegetation The buffer’s The buffer’s purifying purifying capacity capacity is also is also related related to theto vegetation the vegetation types. Multi-layered buffers that consist of trees, shrubs and types.types. Multi-layered Multi-layered buffers buffers that consist that consist of trees, of trees, shrubs shrubs and and grasses are much more effective to trap pollutants and sediments. grasses grasses are much are much moremore effective effective to trap topollutants trap pollutants and sediments. and sediments. Buffers with only grass are still capable of capturing sediments with Buffers Buffers with only withgrass only grass are still arecapable still capable of capturing of capturing sediments sediments with with the densive roots. And buffers with merely trees are not effective in the densive the densive roots.roots. And buffers And buffers with merely with merely trees trees are not areeffective not effective in in sediment removal, but they still remain limited ability for nutrients SLOPE SOIL TYPE sediment sediment removal, removal, but they but still they remain still remain limited limited ability ability for nutrients for nutrients VEGETATION SLOPE SLOPE SOIL SOIL TYPE TYPEabsorption. Surface without any kinds of vegetation shows no ca- TYPE absorption. absorption. Surface Surface without without any kinds any kinds of vegetation of vegetation shows shows no cano caAs slope increase, the speed of runoff that flow through the surface Different types of soil have different absorption rate. Soils that are pacity of being a buffer. As slope As slope increase, increase, the speed the speed of runoff of runoff that flow thatthrough flow through the surface the surface Different Different typestypes of soilofhave soil have different different absorption absorption rate. rate. Soils Soils that are that arepacitypacity of being of being a buffer. a buffer. The buffer’s purifying capacity is also related to the vegetation will also increase. Therefore, the steeper the earth is, the less time high in clay (Shales) are less permeable and may have greater will also will increase. also increase. Therefore, Therefore, the steeper the steeper the earth the earth is, theis,less the time less time high high in clay in (Shales) clay (Shales) are less are permeable less permeable and may and may have have greater greater Reference: types. Multi-layered that Buffer consist ofFunctions trees, and shrubs and Ellen Hawes and Markelle buffers Smith, “Riparian Zones: it will have for vegetations to absorb pollutants and sediments. runoff. On the other hand, soils that contains too much sands (sanReference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Widths”, 2005. it willit have will have for vegetations for vegetations to absorb to absorb pollutants pollutants and sediments. and sediments. runoff. runoff. On the Onother the other hand,hand, soils that soilscontains that contains too much too much sandssands (san-(san- Reference: grasses are much more effectiveReconmmended to trap pollutants and sediments. Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwaReconmmended Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005. ManyMany surveys surveys suggests suggests that steep that steep slopeslope that goes that goes beyond beyond 10% 10% dylimestone, dylimestone, sandstone) sandstone) will drain will drain waterwater too rapidly too rapidly into groundwainto groundwaBuffers with only grass are still capable of capturing sediments with serves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally ter and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap polluserves serves little value little value as a buffer, as a buffer, and slope and slope aboveabove 25% 25% should should totallytotally ter and terleave and leave no enough no enough time for time the forvegetation the vegetation roots roots to trap topollutrap polluthe densive roots. And buffers with merely trees are not effective in be excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly tions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of be excluded be excluded whenwhen caculate caculate the whole the whole bufferbuffer widthwidth sincesince it hardly itSLOPE hardly tions.tions. Soils Soils that are thatmoister are moister and nutritious and nutritious are most are most capable capable of of sediment SOIL than 150 ft removal, but they still remain limited ability for nutrients remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff. taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo TYPE Less Less than Less 150 than ft 150 ft remains remains any purifying any purifying capacity capacity for the forcontaminated the contaminated runoff. runoff. takingtaking awayaway pollutions pollutions and release and release nutrients nutrients like nitrogen like nitrogen to atmo to atmo absorption. Surface without any kinds of vegetation shows no casphere. 150 - 1640 ft Reference: Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: and sphere. sphere. 1640 150 ft- 1640 ft As Ellen slope increase, the speed of runoff that flowFunctions through the surface Different types of soil have different absorption rate. Soils that are 150 -pacity of being a buffer. Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005. Ellen Hawes and Markelleare Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and greater More than 1640 ft will also increase. Therefore, the Reconmmended steeper the earth is, the less high in clay (Shales) less permeable and may have Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005.timeReference: More than More 1640 thanft 1640 ft Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005. Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and it will have for vegetations to absorb pollutants and sediments. runoff. On the other hand, soils that contains too much sands (sanReconmmended Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005. Reconmmended Widths”, 2005. Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwaserves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally ter and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap pollube excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly tions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of Less than 150 ft remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff. taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo sphere. 150 - 1640 ft
D. SUITABILITY ANALYSIS D.D. SUITABILITY SUITABILITY ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT
Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
More than 1640 ft
59 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015
TOXIC CHEMICALS Toxic Chemicals like Pesticides, Degerming Agent or Heavy
Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% serves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally be excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff. Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwater and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap pollutions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo sphere. Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
Less than 150 ft 150 - 1640 ft More than 1640 ft
D. SUITABILITY ANALYSIS According to the final suitability map below which is generated from the overlap of ten interim maps, we can see the capacity of lands being potential brook trout habitat within Spring Creek Watershed. The upper stream of Spring Creek and its three main tributaries - Slab Cabin Run, Cedar Run and Galbraith Gap Run - have passed through areas mainly consist of agricultural fields and urban regions that are unfavourable to support brook trout species. As these tributaries join the main stem of Spring Creek which flows downstream into Canyon parcel and Fisherman’s Paradise, the riparian region shows a higher suitability value for being the brook trout habitat. But such advantage has disappeared as the stream flow ahead towards Bellefonte, where the highly urbanized land use causes decline in water condition and threat brook trout again.
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Another discovery is that there are several pieces of land which have high value for being the brook trout habitat but lacks water running through because of their higher elevation. Apart from adding buffers to existing streams and tributaries, it is also worth trying to invite streams into these regions and make use of the existing good natural environment.
DISTANCE Although the habitat requirements for different animals - fish, birds, reptiles, mammals or amphibians vary widely, there’s a minimum buffer width that sustain specific species living together. Buffers within 150ft to the streams are vital for the formation of aquatic habitat, and benefit trout and salmon greatly with shading, food as well as water quality, while the buffers within 1640 ft guarantee the basic needs of terrestrial wildlife that live along the waterbody. The region outside 1640 ft has little beneficial influence though. Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.
The next step --- FINAL PROJECT will mainly go in these two directions: 1) Adding new buffers to protect existing streams
SUITABILITY VALUE
2) Adding new waterbody in suitable locations
PROMISING BROOK TROUT HABITAT
10
THREAT TO BROOK TROUT HABITAT
25
CENTRE COUNTY
SPRING CREEK WATERSHED
LOCATOR MAP
SUITABILITY OVERLAY MAP
61 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015
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63 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015
ＮＥＷ ＧＲＯＵＮＤ WILDLIFE CORRIDOR & POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN ２０１５ ＢＡＲＣＥＬＯＮＡ， ＳＰＡＩＮ
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OTHER WORK SAMPLES
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WILDLIFE-ACCESSIBLE STREET MODULE
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OTHER WORK SAMPLES
FROM
COEXISTENCE TO SYMBIOSIS
TRAILER PARK COMMUNITY & COMMUNITY FORESTRY 2016 STATE COLLEGE, PA
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RESIDENCE & HARVEST DYNAMIC BALANCE
COMMUNITY WOODSHOP
RUNNING TRAIL IN WOODS
TRAILER CAR PLUG-IN UNIT
COMMUNITY SECTION
CAR ENTR
ANCE
ENTRAN
CAR EXIT
CE PLAZ
A
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OTHER WORK SAMPLES
APARTM
ENT HO
USE
MOVABLE HOUSE COMMUNITY FOREST
MOVABLE HOUSE Y IT UN P M HO M DS CO OO W
COMMUNITY MASTERPLAN
THE FORT AND COHESION -- FORT-HOUSE STYLE COMMUNITY CENTER DESIGN 2013 FUJIAN, CHINA
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2-2 SECTION
1-1 SECTION
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OTHER WORK SAMPLES
DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION -- MATERIAL
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-- STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
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OTHER WORK SAMPLES
1113
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Drainage Pipe
RDI
DI
Drainage Inlet
RDI
Raised Drainage Inlet(RDI) Bioretention
Final
L1