Shiyang He Landscape Architecture Portfolio

SHIYANG HE THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY

2013 - 2017

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO 2013 - 2016

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFORLIO

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

iv

CONTENTs

PROFESSIONAL WORK SAMPLES 01

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE

02

VEN.FANN

03

LIND POINT TRAIL

DOWNTOWN CIVIC PLAZA DESIGN, ALTOONA FOLK-HOUSE STYLE RESORT DESIGN, CHINA MODELING & RENDERING, VIRGIN ISLAND

P2-15 P16-31 P32-33

CONTENTS

ACADEMIC WORK SAMPLES 04 05 06

WASTE.LAND

INFRASTRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN, TANZANIA

UP TO NATURE

SOUTH PHILADELPHIA ZOO MASTERPLAN & EXHIBIT DESIGN

P36-45 P46-55

LAST REFUGE

GEODESIGN: HABITAT RESTORATION FOR NATIVE BROOK TROUT AND OTHER WILDLIFE, SPRING CREEK WATERSHED P56-63

07

NEW GROUND

08

FROM CO-EXISTENCE TO SYMBIOSIS

09

THE FORT AND COHESION

FORT-HOUSE STYLE COMMUNITY CENTER DESIGN, CHINA

P70-71

10

DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION

P72-73

WILDLIFE CORRIDOR & POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN TRAILER PARK DESIGN & COMMUNITY FORESTRY, STATE COLLEGE

v

P64-67 P68-69

PROFESSIONAL WORK

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

2

ＥＭＢＲＡＣＥ ＴＨＥ ＨＥＲＩＴＡＧＥ DOWNTOWN CIVIC PLAZA DESIGN ２０１６－２０１７ ＡＬＴＯＯＮＡ， ＰＡ

3

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

INTRODUCTION After a pedestrian-oriented neighborhood has been introduced around the heritage plaza based on the SuperBlock project rooted in Barcelona, the site has taken advantage of its significant location as an important intersection spot for three regenerated pedestrian corridors. By providing seating, shading and sightseeing platforms which encourage meditation and observation for the town’s most famous landmarks – the railway and the cathedral, the site is considered as a connective space which helps visitors to know the town, and residents to enjoy their community. New greenary has been added to the site to compose diverse sptial experience, achieve stormwater management requirement, and provide natural habitat. A permanent market corridor has been set up for beer garden and farmers market according to the requirement of the client. The old rail car on site has also been transferred to a cafe service spot, with refurnished restroom beside to accommodate the increased visitors’ flow rate.

Pocket Park Parking Lot Pennsylvania

11th Ave.

4

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

Altoona

Pocket Park 4 5

1

1

1

3

2 3

2

2

1 5

2

6

4

3

Altoona Downtown Area

Vacant Lot

14th St.

11th Ave.

5 Pocket Park

Parking Lot

Heritage Plaza

11th Avenue Streetscape

MUSEUM

RECREATION EDUCATION Wright Elementary School

2

Altoona Central Catholic School

1

Altoona Symphony Orchestra

2

Mishler Theatre

3

1

1

Altoona Area High School

2

3

Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art

A Quaint Corner Children's Museum & Discovery Center Fire Base Eagle Inc Vietnam Museum

3

4

Penn-Lincoln Elementary School 4

Gospel Hill Park 1

Altoona Area Junior High School 5

Railroaders Memorial Museum

Allegheny Ballet Company

Jewish Memorial Centre 5

Altoona Fairview Cemetery 2

Lenny's Classic Car Museum 6

ＵＲＢＡＮ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

Mural

Pocket Park

ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ

Cathedral-Blessed Sacrament

6

14th St.

14th St.

Gospel Hill Park

11th Ave.

11th Ave.

11th Ave.

11th Ave.

Bus Station Flyover

Flyover

The existing pedestrian corridor connecting plaza with downtown’s major attractions - the cathedral and the park - should be continued.

The pedestrian corridor between the plaza and the Amtrak Station can be established to attract more visitors to the downtown commercial zone.

Train Station

14th St. 11th Ave.

11th Ave.

Train Station

P R R Expy

14th St.

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

Bus Station P R R Expy

11th Ave.

11th Ave.

Bus Station

Bus Station Flyover

Flyover

P R R Expy

P R R Expy

The 11th Avenue has roped up several vacant lots and pocket parks with the plaza, which together form a potential resting system in downtown area.

Buffers need to be set up to keep away the disturbance and unsafe view from the adjacent parking lot and the highway.

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIVITY

14th St.

11th Ave.

11th Ave.

Raised Pedestrian Crossing

7 ENTRY STAGE

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

SPRAY ZONE

PRIVATE PARKING

CENTRAL PLAZA

BOSQUE

MARKET PAVILLION

DE

ENA

M PRO

PUBLIC PARKING ZONE

PUBLIC PARKING ZONE

RAILWAY MEADOW GARDEN

ELEVATED VIEWING DECK

RAIL CAR CAFE

BUS STATION

LIFT

N

MASTERPLAN

PRR EXPY

0

10

20

30

40

50 ft.

CENTRAL PLAZA

Plaza Spray

Playground

Performance

Collective Activities

Outdoor Movie

Pedestrian Corridor

RAIL STATION GARDEN

MARKET PAVILLION

TREE BOSQUE

Shading

Resting Area

Chatting Area

Pedestrian Corridor

Beer Garden

Greenary

Farmers Market

Pollinator Habitat

Elevated Viewing

Outdoor Cafe & Dining

Restroom

PROJECTS & SCENARIOS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

8

Removable Bollards

Perennial Planting Bed

Perennial Pla Stormwater Inlet

Movable Furniture Perennial Planting Bed Stormwater Inlet

Stormwater Inlet Stormwater Inlet

ADA Lift Perennial Planting Bed

Stormwater Inlet

Bioretention & Stormwater Reservoir

Bioretention & Stormwater Reservoir

ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ

9

Existing Mural

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

anting Bed

Annual/Biannual Plants

5.0%

2.1%

SECTION-PERSPECTIVE

Outdoor Cafe

Performance Movie Background

10

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

Residential Park

Pollinator Habitat

MATERIALITY Wood Decking

Sightseeing Landmark

Pixelated Square Modular Pavers

k

11

Seating & Chatting

ELEVATED VIEWING DECK

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

PSU Trail Surface Aggregate (TSA)

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

12

RAILWAY MEADOW GARDEN

TREE BOSQUE

1

1

1

2

1

3

2

3

2

1

1

2

FEB

Rain Garden Plantation Precipitation (Monthly)

M1 JAN

FEB

Rain Garden Plantation

M1

MAR

APR

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

JUL

AUG

SEP

NOV

OCT

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

JAN

13

DEC

Precipitation (Monthly)

MAY

JUN

W7

OCT

M3

NOV M4

M5 DEC

M3

M4

M5

W6

M2

W5

W7

W1

Wildlife Habitat

W6

M2

W4 W2

W3

W5

W1

Wildlife Habitat

W4 W2

W3

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRESERVED TREE SPECIES P1

Cultivar Zelkova

Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’

P2

London Plane

Platanus acerifolia

Honeylocust P3 PRESERVED TREE SPECIES Japanese Zelkova P4 P1 Cultivar Zelkova P2

Gleditsia triacanthos Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’

P1 London Plane

P2 Platanus acerifolia

P3

Honeylocust

Gleditsia triacanthos

P4

Japanese Zelkova

Zelkova serrata

P1

TREES

P2

WETLAND MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS P3

P4

W1 W2

P3

P4

Black chokeberry Blue Vervain

Aronia melanocarpa Verbena hastata

Goldenrod Solidago patula, S. rugosa W3 WETLAND MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS Aster novaeanglia New England Aster W4 Black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa W1 Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum W5 Blue Vervain Verbena hastata W2 Iris versicolor Blue flag Iris W6 Goldenrod Solidago patula, S. rugosa W3 Bottlebrush Grass Hystrix patula W7 New England Aster Aster novaeanglia W4

1

Sycamore

Plantanus occidentalis

2

Black gum

Nyssa sylvatica

3 TREES

Pond Pine

Pinus palustris

1 Sycamore Plantanus occidentalis MESIC MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS 2 Black gum Nyssa sylvatica M1 Inkberry Ilex glabra 3 Pond Pine Pinus palustris M2 Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana Threadleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis verticillata M3 MESIC MEADOW SHRUB & PERENNIALS Eupatorium colestinum M4 Mistflower M1 Inkberry Ilex glabra M5 Switchgrass Panicum virgatum M2 Blue Star Amsonia tabernaemontana

W5

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

M3

Threadleaf Coreopsis

Coreopsis verticillata

W6

Blue flag Iris

Iris versicolor

M4

Mistflower

Eupatorium colestinum

W7

Bottlebrush Grass

Hystrix patula

M5

Switchgrass

Panicum virgatum

PLANTING LIST

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

14

MARKET PAVILLION

PLAZA SPRAY

ＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ 3'-0" 12'-0"

15'-0"

24'-0"

12'-0"

9'-0"

18'-0"

20'-0"

3'-0"

7'-0"

20'-0"

6'-0"

20'-0"

7'-0"

20'-0"

20'-0"

20'-0"

20'-0"

3'-0"

20'-0"

18'-0"

3'-0"

7'-0" 6'-0"

20'-0"

15

20'-0"

20'-0"

EMBRACE THE HERITAGE, ALTOONA

20'-0"

20'-0"

MARKET PAVILLION

"

'-7

24

20'-0"

21'-0''

2'-0"

12'-0"

10'-0"

4'-8"

4'-8"

8'-0"

12'-0"

20'-0"

"

'-7

22

21'-0"

12'-0"

20'-0"

8'-6"

21'-0"

ELEVATED VIEWING DECK

20'-0"

20'-0"

21'-0"

13'-9"

12'-0"

8'-0"

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

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文凡

ＶＥＮ．ＦＡＮＮ

FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT DESIGN ２０１３ ＱＩＮＧＹＡＮ， ＣＨＩＮＡ

17

INTRODUCTION

Q INGYAN

town, a famous tourist attraction located in Guizhou Province in southernwest China, is attracting millions of visitors each year from all over the world. Our goal is to create a resort & recreation complex which provides modern accommondation and entertainment service to its customers, while also stays in harmony with the town's antique architectural and living style.

After two months of deep and thourough research on the town's growing pattern, the existing urban fabric, as well as the traditional folk house style, we have come up with a resort complex including a central check-in zone, 150 guestrooms in different clusters, a two-floor restaurant with related facilities, a banquet hall, two meeting rooms, a staff apartment and other landscape infrastructure and amenities.

VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

PROJECT AREA 11775 sq.m (2.9 acres) INTERN TIME 2013.07-2013.09 PROJECT LEADERS DAFANG LI (Beijing Forestry University) GENGFEI WANG PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT & CONTRIBUTION Site Inventory & Analysis -- Data Collection & Organization; Literature Review; Historic House Measurement & Photography; Schematic Design -- Guestroom Zone Masterplan & Facade Design; CAD/Diagram Drawing, Modelling & Rendering.

SITE LOCATION

ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ

Guiyang (the Provincial Capital) 2h

by

ar

c

Beijing

Qingyan the ancient town belongs to part of the Guiyang metropolitan in Guizhou Province, China, with a distance of about 2 hours’ drive from the major provicial capital, which makes it an ideal weekend destination.

Shanghai

Qing-Yan the Ancient Town

TOURISTS INFORMATION

18

Foreign Tourists

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

42% stays overnight

A great number of visitors would like to stay a night in the town, which makes hotel one of the most sucessful business here.

Domestic Tourists not from Guiyang

Domestic Tourists from Guiyang

55% stays overnight

25% stays overnight

CLIMATE 1400 898 778

Q INGYAN

town, located in Guizhou Province in southernwest China, has had a histor y of over 600 years. Owing to its important geographic position on a traditional business corridor connecting the region to the capital, the town has transformed from an indispensible military base in Ming dynasty, to a transport hub and then commercial center of the region for centuries.

Today being a famous tourist attraction, Qingyan is still attracting millions of visitors from all over the world to visit the town and enjoy the local food, the historic buildings existing over centuries, and the lively atmosphere in an antique neighborhood.

218

Precipitation

Balmy weather makes Qingyan a popular holiday destination. Although it has a relevantly high precipitation, the temperature and moisture content are within a comfortable range.

22.2

18.7

11.5 4.4

83.3

73.7

71.2

(mm)

79.0

Temperature

(℃)

Moisture

(%)

Jan - Mar

Apr - Jun

Jul - Sep

Oct - Dec

ECONOMY 50%

Agriculture

Forestry

Since the 1990s, tourism has become the lifeblood of the city, which occupies an average of over half of the residents’ income.

25%

Manufacture Business Industry Tourism

0% 1624

1990

2000

2013

DESIGN BACKGROUND INVENTORY

Major Commercial Street Characteristic Lanes Major Commercial Street

Characteristic Lanes

Tourists Attractions

Tourists Attractions

Civic Facilities Tourists Attractions Major Commercial Street Civic Facilities Characteristic Lanes

Tourists Attractions Civic Facilities Tourists Attractions Civic Facilities Civic Facilities

CIRCULATION AND AMENITIES DISTRIBUTION

19

LONGQUAN TEMPLE

THE NORTH GATE

ANCESTRAL HALL OF ZHAO Academy Restaurant

RESORT SITE

(PREVIOUS MIDDLE SCHOOL)

THE CATHEDRAL

Academy Restaurant

Qingyan Town Nursing Home

Qingyan Town Primary School

Farmers’ Market

WENCHANG PAVILION CIYUN TEMPLE

WANSHOU PALACE

THE SOUTH GATE

MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN TOWN

VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT CITY WALL

MEASUREMENT & PHOTOS OF CONNECTED FOLK HOUSE (PROTOTYPE OF CLUSTER A)

20 Second Floor Plan

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

Ground Floor Plan

ＩＮＶＥＮＴＯＲＹ ＆ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ

Wing House Elevation

FACADE PHOTO OF CONNECTED HOUSE

Central House Elevation

Central House Plan

DIMENSION DETAIL OF HOUSE

ORNAMENTAL ELEMENTS

Beauty-Lay Railing

Waist Gate

Ancestor Hall

MEASUREMENT & PHOTOS OF SINGULAR FOLK HOUSE (PROTOTYPE OF CLUSTER B)

FACADE PHOTO OF SINGULAR HOUSE

TRADITIONAL FOLK HOUSE STUDY -- COLOR

21

Wall

VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

BASIC COLORS OF QINGYAN

INTERSPERSED COLOR OF QINGYAN

Roof

Ground

Door & Window

Vegetation

Ground & Wall

Flowering Vegetation

TRADITIONAL FOLK HOUSE STUDY -- FORM After taking some detailed measuring work on the traditional folk house in town, as well as conducting interviews with a few local architects, constructors and community leaders, we learned the construction details of the typical wooden structure-CHUANDOU Style, the architecture monomers for the local folk house since Ming dynasty, and how these monomers assemble different clusters.

We also collected the most reprensentative environmental colors and materials of the town, which later guided us to generate the architectural facade.

ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ

DIMENTION ADJUSTMENT & CLUSTER FORMATION We have decided to ajust the size of our guest house unit according to the 4-star hotel construction standards, and adding a second floor to the wing house. While designing a modern hotel, we still choose to keep some of the traditional ornamental structures as well as maintaining the ratio between the height and width of the traditional house so to follow the traditional house construction rules.

22

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

B

B

B

B A

CLUSTER TYPE A Room Quantity 12 Guestrooms + 1 Linen Room

HAND DRAWING DRAFT ILLUSTRATION OF CLUSTER B

TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

A

B

C

23 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

A B

B C

CLUSTER TYPE B Room Quantity 10 Guestrooms + 1 Linen Room

HAND DRAWING DRAFT ILLUSTRATION OF CLUSTER B

SUCCESSION PROCESS OF THE TOWN

ORINGINAL SETTLEMENT

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

24

GROWTH TENDENCY

EXISTING URBAN FABRIC

SUCCESSION PROCESS OF THE HOTEL

CLUSTER A

CLUSTER B

JIN GROWTH

JIN GROWTH

KUA GROWTH

KUA GROWTH

......

+

......

=

ACCESSIBILITY

URBAN FABRIC & SUCCESSION Considering any courtyard as basic unit,the family’s territories expand along the road in all directions until no space left. This is also how the town grew up and become as high-density as it is today. After research on the urban fabric of Qingyan Town, two cluster growth patterns have been found - KUA (stride-over) which grows aside along the streets, and JIN (advancing) which grows deep inside from the street. Spaces between different individual houses are the most critical elements in such pattern that weaved the town's urban fabric.

Narrow paths less than 1m have been kept during urban growth process to set up linkage among the main yard of the family and those more private ones. We have also noticed that it is the accessibility among each cluster that spacially integrates the big family living in adjacent houses.By imitating the growth pattern of the town, we have arranged our own hotel house clusters which comply to the town's existing growth tendency. We also applied those linkage path among our hotel to form a sense of family.

25 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

GUESTHOUSE RANGE

RESORT HOUSE LAYOUT * Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN -- PLAN & CIRCULATION

ff Sta n tra En

E

ce

VIC SER S IE FF & STA FACILIT

T

Ma

/OU -IN ECK SK KIO

ce

CH

tran

En jor

n tra En ce

ance

B

ne

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

C CE REN NY O NFE CO EREM & C ZONE

tr

f En

Staf

trance

ce ran ent) nt nt ev y E orta onfor imp rempen Ce(only o

26

A

Lane En

La

USE HO EST GU ZONE

T RAN N TAU ATIO RES ECRE &R

D public open spaces

house clusters

private yards

layout axis

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

OPEN SPACE ANALYSIS

GUESTHOUSE CLUSTER & AXIS

CIRCULATION -- GUESTS

CIRCULATION -- STAFF

CIRCULATION -- FIRE PROTECTION

PHYSICAL MODEL * Group modelling with Bingjie Liu, Dawei Tang

CITY WALL RELICS PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE

Second Floor Plan

27 CHECK-IN HOUSE

First Floor Plan

FRONT PLAZA

CENTRAL HALL

Ground Floor Plan

CEREMONY GATE

HOTEL MASTERPLAN Base Floor Plan

VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

REAR PLAZA

FACADE DESIGN

* Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.

GUESTHOUSE MONOMER A

28

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

NIGHT VIEW PERSPECTIVE

GUESTHOUSE MONOMER B

CENTRAL HALL & CONFERENCE ROOMS

SECTION-ELEVATIONS

29 VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

1

ROOF MATERIAL DETAILS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

30

2

CENTRAL YARD OF GUESTHOUSE

POST-CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS

4

CENTRAL WATER PLAZA

3

BACK PATH WITH PRESERVED TREE

31

3 1

VEN.FANN FOLK-HOUSE-STYLE RESORT & RECREATION 2013

2

4

BIRDVIEW PERSPECTIVE * Base model provided by Fengbiao Render Studio.

LIND POINT TRAIL -- MODELING & RENDERING 2017 VIRGIN ISLAND TOURISM PLANNING PROPOSAL BY JEREMY WIMPEY (PENN STATE UNIVERSITY)

PLAN/SECTION RENDERINGS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2015-2017

32

OVERLOOK1 RENDERING

33

LIND POINT TRAIL,, VIRGIN ISLAND

OVERLOOK2 RENDERING

ACADEMIC WORK

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016

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ＷＡＳＴＥ．ＬＡＮＤ INFRASTRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN ２０１６ ＵＤＺＵＮＧＷＡ ＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮ， ＴＡＮＺＡＮＩＡ

37

This project aims at providing a landscape architectural solution to the environment

degradation issue in Tanzania caused by unmanaged waste disposal and contamination of groundwater. With the introduction of a new, infrastructural landscape framework to rural villagers who are unable to get access to public sewage system or wastewater treatment, the design attempts to solve the conflict between feces disposal and clean water acquisition by rearranging the existing land use pattern based on household activities. This design helps to separate natural water source from human and animal feces, as well as setting up a circulatory system that transfer the energy from fecal matters and other waste to various uses including cooking and fertilization.

WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016

INTRODUCTION

ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ MAJOR MAJOR ROAD ROAD & HOUSES & HOUSES

HOUSE HOUSE CLUSTERS CLUSTERS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016

38

There are over 2.6 billion people in the

world living a life without adequate sanitary facility or safe water supply (Thomas al., 2013). The lack of such fundamental municipal ser vices has been proven to result in the prevailing of many waterrelated diseases which regulaly occur in underdeveloped regions, including diarrhea, typhoid and other notorious diseases spread in water, or water-related parasitic infections.

This issue is particularly severe in rural areas of Tanzania, where 76% of the villagers use pit latrines that are in poor physical and unhygienic conditions. For example, in the vicinity of UMNP where high water table and heavy precipitation occurs during rain season, while spit latrine and manual drilling well have been widely used, it is very likely that human excreta stored and accumulated in latrines 15 feet below ground surface will occur in the water table, thus contaminate the groundwater.

WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE IN IN CLUSTER CLUSTER CENTER CENTER

BUFFER BUFFER AREA AREA AROUND AROUND WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE

WASTELAND WASTELAND SEPERATED SEPERATED FROM FROM WATER WATER SOURCE SOURCE

OUTSKIRT OUTSKIRT AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL FIELDS FIELDS

SAMPLE VILLAGE (MAGOMBERA) LAND USE REORGANIZATION

latrine

latrine latrine

latrine

well

well

latrine latrine

well

household waste

household waste household waste

MISARRANGEMENT OF WATER/WASTE SYSTEM IN THE VILLAGE

Typhoid Typhoid Typhoid

Schistosomiasis

Dysentery Dysentery Dysentery

Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis Malaria Malaria Malaria Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea Diarrhoea PREVAILING OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES

The exposed, manually drilled well used in many of the villages in the country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment.

The exposed, manually drilleddrilled well used many of theof villages in the in country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, The exposed, manually well in used in many the villages the country is often opened to various sources of pollutant, including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even including fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, chemical contaminant from wastewater discharge, and even bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment. bio-chemical pollutants from surrounded natural environment.

93 % of the Tanzanians have latrine in their home. However, 76% of the population, especially people living in rural areas, still use the traditional pit latrine. (Thomas et al., 2013) In rural areas, lack of solid waste collection and poor drainage combined with extensive use of pit latrines together make for very poor hygiene conditions. (Thomas et al., 2013).

93 % of Tanzanians have have latrinelatrine in theirinhome.

However, 76% of76% theof population, especially people living in ruralinareas, still use the 93the % of the Tanzanians their home.

However, the population, especially people living rural areas, still use the traditional pit latrine.

(Thomas et al.,et 2013) In ruralInareas, lack of solid collection and poor combined with extensive traditional pit latrine.

(Thomas al., 2013) rural areas, lack of waste solid waste collection and drainage poor drainage combined with extensive use ofuse pit latrines together makemake for very conditions.

(Thomas et al.,et 2013). of pit latrines together forpoor very hygiene poor hygiene conditions.

(Thomas al., 2013).

Pollutant from Agricultural Land

(fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains, etc)

Pollutant from from Agricultural LandLand Pollutant Agricultural

(fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains, etc) etc) (fertilizer, pesticides, crop remains,

Pollutant from Natural Environment (mosmosquito, frog, etc.)

Pollutant fromfrom Natural Environment Pollutant Natural Environment (mosmosquito, frog, frog, etc.)etc.) (mosmosquito,

Exposed Soil Around Exposed Exposed Soil Soil Around Around

Pollutant from Living Zone

(latrine, animal pen, workshop, etc.)

Pollutant Living Pollutant fromfrom Living ZoneZone

(latrine, animal workshop, (latrine, animal pen, pen, workshop, etc.)etc.)

WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016

HIGH WATER TABLE + TABLE HIGH WATER HIGH WATER TABLE DEEP PIT+LATRINE + DEEP PITPIT LATRINE DEEP LATRINE

Cholera Cholera Cholera

39

CONTAMINATION FROM LATRINE AND ADJACENT LAND USE

ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ

7 6

6

6

Wasteland & Fields

6

Living/Working Land 5

4

6 6

6 6

3

2

6

7

1b

3

1a

Buffer Garden

1c

Centre Yard 3

7 LEGEND 1a

40

1b 1c 2 3 4 5 6

BUFFER CIRCLES ANALYSIS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016

7

well gathering area reservior wetland zone gravel path buffer bush living zone rain season compost tanks/ dry season planting pots dry season compost tank / rain season fishing farm

LEGEND

house latrine kitchen church buffer bush

N

existing trees planted trees multi-functional tank

0

25

50m

REARRANGED LAND USE IN SAMPLE VILLAGE (MAGOMBERA)

41

house phreatic aquifer

(prone to pollution from activities taking place on surface)

buffer bush

(barrier for large garbage & livestock)

impermeable layer

(forms a barrier for bacteria and pollution and prevents them from traveling down to the second aquifer)

Multi-layer Vegetation

(tree: chemicals absorber grass: sediments blockers)

Wetland

(water-tolerant species)

Gathering Area

(keep off canopy above to introduce sufficient sunlight that kills pathogen)

second aquifer

(best to install the wellscreen in second aquifer if possible)

BUFFER GARDEN & CENTRAL GATHERING AREA SECTION

WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016

BUFFER GARDEN & CENTRAL GATHERING AREA RENDERING

surface runoff

surface runoff

ground water concern: latrine at least 30m away from water source surface water concern: do not place latrine at the up-hill of water source

SEPARATION OF POLLUTION SOURCE AND WATER SOURCE

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016

42

WATERTABLE IN RAINY SEASON

WATERTABLE IN DRY SEASON

43 WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016

WASTELAND IN RAINY SEASON -- TEMPORARY FISH POND

Use air pressure difference to vertilate the chamber

Use kitchen ash or burn a bunch of dry banana leaves at the pit hole to reduce smell

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2016

44

Liquid waste (bacteria-free) directly transferred to the chamber under bathroom, which later mixed with wastewater from shower and discharge into the planting bed

storage

Solid waste divided from the liquid waste and transferred into the side-chamber for temperary

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF URINE DIVERTING DEHYDRATION LATRINE

Traditional Pit Latrine

Raised Base

Planting Bed

TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL LATRINE TO COMPOST LATRINE

45

Stairs

Privacy Screen

WASTELAND IN DRY SEASON -- COMPOST PLANTING BED

WASTE.LAND INFRUSTRACTURAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2016

Waste Storage Chamber

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

46

ＵＰ ＴＯ ＮＡＴＵＲＥ SOUTHERN PHILADELPHIA ZOO MASTERPLAN ２０１６ ＰＨＩＬＡＤＥＬＰＨＩＡ， ＰＡ *Group Project with Karen Kuo

47 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016

ＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ This project is based on reshaping the relationship between human and animals living in urban context, including zoo animals, wildlife adapted to urban environment, as well as migratory birds that have considered city as their stepping stone along the migratory corridors. The rennovated zoo will not only accommodate exhibit animals, but also provide different types of habitat for wildlife as well as falicilities like canopy walk and bird blind with which human can appropriately interact with nature.

ATLANTIC FLYWAY

East Fairmount Park --Boxer's Trail

40 Species

98 Species

1 mile

2 mile

East Park Reservoir (restricted access)

62 Species

East Fairmount Park --Sedgley Woods Area

109 Species

Fairmount Park --Horticultural Center/Concourse Lake area

3 mile

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

48

Philadelphia Zoo

East Fairmount Park --Lemon Hill

0 Species

112 Species

Art Museum Waterworks Cobbs Creek Park

111 Species

64 Species

BIO-HOTSPOT IN PHILADELPHIA

Fairmount Park --Cobbs Creek EEC

105 Species

Kaskey Park / UPenn BioPond

Clark Park

34 Species

Cobbs Creek Park

77 Species

122 SpeciesWoodlands Cemetery

41 Species 17 Species

Rittenhouse Square

South St. Bridge

101 SpeciesGrays Ferry Crescent Trail

Mt. Moriah Cemetery --north (Delaware Co.)

84 Species 81

86 Species

Mt. Moriah Cemetery --south (Philadelphia Co.) Species

173 Species Bartram's Garden

BIRDING HOTSPOT DISTRIBUTION

EXISTING WILDLIFE CORRIDOR

Food Source

ALL-SEASON

Cyanocitta cristata

Buteo jamaicensis

Melospiza melodia

Scolopax minor

Sturnus vulgaris

Cardinalis cardinalis Quiscalus quiscula

Molothrus ater

Anas strepera

Haemorhous mexicanus

Ardea herodias

Branta canadensis

Geothlypis trichas

Agelaius phoeniceus

Aix sponsa

49 Setophaga cerulea

Cardellina canadensis Setophaga caerulescens

Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Phalacrocorax auritus

Egretta caerulea

Limosa haemastica

BREEDING Vireo olivaceus

Protonotaria citrea

Hylocichla mustelina

Setophaga petechia

Ammodramus savannarum

Ardea alba

WINTERING Accipiter gentilis Setophaga coronata

Junco hyemalis Zonotrichia albicollis

Anas clypeata

Canopy Top Bushes

Prairies

Undergrowth

FOREST HABITAT

Ponds Thickets

Gardens

OPEN FIELD HABITAT

Marshes

WETLAND HABITAT

UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016

MIGRATORY

+ 52.0

HIPPO POOL

+ 42.0

+ 30.0

+ 40.0 + 48.0 + 54.0

+ 40.0

BEER GARDEN + 40.0

+ 44.0

+ 52.0

+ 56.0

IMPALA & OSTRICH + 30.0 ser vice

GIRAFFE & ZEBRA

gate ser vice

SAVANNA EXHIBIT

gate

+ 52.0 + 30.0 se

+ 44.0

ice

rv ga te

+ 46.0

+ 40.0

+ 32.0

+ 35.0

AVIARY

ser

FLAMINGO

+ 40.0

+ 46.0

50

CHEETAH + 40.0

+ 46.0

BIRD CENTER + 46.0 + 42.0

+ 48.0

+ 30.0

+ 44.0

+ 45.0 + 40.0

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

FLEXIBLE HABITAT BLACK & WHITE COLOBUS

+ 38.0

AFRICAN WILD DOG + 40.0

+ 50.0

LEGEND

BLACK & WHITE RUFFED LEMUR

Vegetated Area

MONGOOSE LEMUR

+ 34.0

PRIMATES+ 32.0 CENTER

VIEWING PAVILION

+ 50.0

Exhibit Area Waterbody Ground Walk Canopy Walk Service Path

RING-TAILED LEMUR

CARIBOU & MOOSE

PENGUIN & SEA LION

TUNDRA PLAZA

Existing Tree (Large)

+ 38.0

VIEWING PAVILION

ARCTIC FOX & ARCTIC WOLF

CINEMA CINEMA

Existing Tree (Medium)

POLAR BEAR

Existing Tree (Small) Proposed Tree

SOUTHERN ZOO MASTERPLAN

TICKETS KIOSK SMALL MAMMALS

ENTRANCE

CAFE & GIFT SHOP

+ 64.0

+ 72.0

ENTRY PLAZA

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

SAVANNA WETLAND

BOREAL FOREST

FLEXIBLE HABITAT TUNDRA ARCTIC

CLIMATIC BIOZONES

LEGEND Visitor Circulation Canopy Walk Service Path

HUMAN CIRCULATION

WATER CIRCULATION

vice

gate

ANIMAL - HUMAN RELATION CHANGE IN ZOO DESIGN Past

Present

Ideal

51

SECTION-PERSPECTIVE (N-S)

Sea bird

Antarctic

Arctic

Leopard seal Polar bear Penguin

Walrus

Elephant seal

Arctic fox

Seal

Seal

Caribou mosses

Bearberry

Antarctic pearlwort

Arctic mosses

Labrador tea

Arctic willow Amphipod Small toothed whale

Narwhal

Arctic cod Themisto libellula

AFRICAN SAVANNA

EXISTING TEMPERATE DECIDOUS

Squid

ARCTIC ANTARCTIC BOREAL FOREST

TAIGA

benthos

TUNDRA Penguin

Killer whale Baleen whale

Sperm whale

Bowhead whale

*Renderings on this page done by Karen Kuo.

BIOZONE ANALYSIS

UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016

SECTION-PERSPECTIVE (S-N)

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

52

TUNDRA GARDEN & CANOPY WALK

CENTRAL LAKE & FLAMINGO EXHIBIT

ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ

53 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016

BIRD BLIND STRUCTURE DETAILS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

54

BEER GARDEN & SAVANNA PLAIN

INDOOR AVIARY EXHIBIT

ＤＥＳＩＧＮ ＤＥＴＡＩＬＳ

55 UP TO NATURE - PHILADELPHIA ZOO RENOVATION 2016

AVIARY STRUCTURE DETAILS

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

56

ＬＡＳＴ ＲＥＦＵＧＥ GEODESIGN: HABITAT RESTORATION FOR NATIVE BROOK TROUT AND OTHER WILDLIFE ２０１５ ＳＰＲＩＮＧ ＣＲＥＥＫ ＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤ， ＰＡ

57 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS SUITABILITY ANALYSIS A. FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT & PROJECT A.STATEMENT FINAL DESIGN CONCEPTGOAL STATEMENT & PROJECT GOAL

SHIYANG HE'S PORTFOLIO 2013-2017

58

This project is aiming at the restoration of natural habitat forisbrook trout, a native trout species that has This project aiming at the restoration of natural been for totally displaced the Spring Creek Watershed habitat brook trout, ainnative trout species that has region by displaced the exotic brown trout introduced to local fish been totally in the Spring Creek Watershed farms hundred years trout ago which is more tolerant region byathe exotic brown introduced to local fish to environment andwhich disturbances from human farms a hundredchanges years ago is more tolerant to activities. In order toand reintroduce this environmentally environment changes disturbances from human sensitive back to the stem of Spring activities.

Introut orderspecies to reintroduce thismain environmentally Creek as well as other tributaries in the watershed, sensitive trout species back to the main stem of Springit is necessary to provide suitable natural environment with Creek as well as other tributaries in the watershed, it is abundant water quantity, proper water temperanecessary to provide suitable natural environment with ture, good water quality and enough food supply. abundant water quantity, proper water tempera-

1 1

PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 PLANE DATASETS PROJECTION PA STATE N SHIYANG HE MLA 2ND YEAR DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 DATASETS

B. ANALYTICAL MATRICES B. ANALYTICAL MATRICES SUITABILITY SUITABILITY FOR FOR BROOK BROOK TROUT TROUT HABITAT HABITAT

SHIYANG HE

MLA 2ND YEAR

01 DIRECT INFLUENCE ON WATER SUPPLEMENT 01 DIRECT INFLUENCE ON WATER SUPPLEMENT

02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE 02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE

ture, good water quality and enough food supply.

Water Requirement for Brook Trout:

Water Requirement for Brook Trout: Abundant -- less impervious surface Clear -- less sediments Abundant -- less impervious surface Pure less contaminants Clear -- -less sediments Cold -less runoff, enough shading Pure -- less contaminants HOE (heavy-oxygen-enriched) Cold -- less runoff, enough shading -- less nutrients for other aquatic oxygen-consumptive organisms HOE (heavy-oxygen-enriched) -- less nutrients for

03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS Reference: National Park Service, http://www.nps.gov/shen/learn/nature/brook-trout.html

03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS

other aquatic oxygen-consumptive organisms

Reference: National Park Service, http://www.nps.gov/shen/learn/nature/brook-trout.html

C. INTERIM MAPS & EXPLANATIONS C. INTERIM MAPS & EXPLANATIONS 01 DIRECT INFLUENCES ON WATER SUPPLEMENT 01 DIRECT INFLUENCES ON WATER SUPPLEMENT Above 90%

more than 66%

Neutral Rock

75% - 90% Above 90%

33% - 66% more than 66%

Subacid / Alkalescent Rock Neutral Rock

Less than 75% 75% - 90%

Less than 33% 33% - 66%

Acid/ Alkaline Rock Subacid / Alkalescent Rock

Less than 75%

Less than 33%

Acid/ Alkaline Rock

GROUNDCOVER PERMEABILITY GROUNDCOVER PERMEABILITY Water Quantity -- The amount of permeable groundcover has had direct influence on the groundwater supplement. The more imWater Quantity The amount of permeable groundcover has in pervious ground a-- region has, the more surface run-off (higher hadtemperature direct influence the groundwater The more im-and andon contamination) andsupplement. less groundwater (cool pervious a region has, the surface run-off (higherofinNew clean)ground it will have.

According to amore survey done by University temperature andimparment contamination) and less groundwater (cool andthan Hampshire, to streams often occurs when more clean) have.

According to a survey done by University New 10%it will of the ground is covered with impervious surface. of And when Hampshire, imparment to streams often occurs when more than the percentage of imperviousness exceeds 25%, most watershed 10% of the ground is covered with impervious surface.

And when will experience severe habitat and water quality impairment. the percentage of imperviousness exceeds 25%, most watershed will Reference: experience severe habitat and “The water quality impairment.

University of New Hanpshire, Impacts of Impervious Surfaces on Water Resources”, from New Hanpshire Estuaries Project, 2007.

Reference: University of New Hanpshire, “The Impacts of Impervious Surfaces on Water Resources”, from New Hanpshire Estuaries Project, 2007.

CANOPY COVERAGE CANOPY COVERAGE

is a function of the concentration or, more correctly, the activity of

PHThe Value -- Theof acidity and alkalinity of water Surface Water Temperature -- Run-off water is always a GroundWater free H+ and OH+.

PH value groundwater is highly relaterd threat to coldwater species like brook trout because it tends to be Surface Run-off is joining alwaysina the exposedWater to directTemperature sunlight and get --heated upwater before threat to coldwater species like brook because it tendsabove to be the natural waterbody like streams.

Thetrout existence of canopy exposed to direct sunlight and get heated up before joining in therain, ground can protect surface run-off from sun heat and acid natural like streams. existence of canopyrelevantly above the low thuswaterbody help the Spring Creek The Watersystem maintain ground can protect surfacePH run-off sun heat andcoldwater acid rain,spetemperature and stable value from that sustain native thuscies. help the Spring Creek Watersystem maintain relevantly low temperature and stable PH value that sustain native coldwater species.

Reference: Paul D. Anderson, “Riparian Microclimate and Stream Temperature”. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr880/pnw_gtr880_034.pdf Reference: Paul D. Anderson, “Riparian Microclimate and Stream Temperature”. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr880/pnw_gtr880_034.pdf

02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE 02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE Forest / Vacant Land

BEDROCK PH BEDROCK GroundWater PH Value -- The acidity and alkalinityPH of water

Forest / Grazed Land

is ato function of thetype. concentration or, more the activity of the bedrock Neutral Rock suchcorrectly, as Sandstone and Quartifreesize H+ (SiO2) and OH+.

PH valueon of the groundwater is Subacid/Alkaleshighly relaterd hasThe no influence PH change; to the bedrock Neutral RockAl2O3) such asmay Sandstone and Quarticent Rock type. like Shales (SiO2. cause slight fluctuation sizeon (SiO2) has no influence on theAlkaline PH change; Subacid/Alkalesthe water PH; while Acid/ Rock, which is Limestone cent(CaCO3) Rock like Shales (SiO2.

Al2O3) may cause slight fluctuation and Dolomite (CaCO3. MgCO3) in Spring Creek Wateron the water while Acid/ Alkaline Rock, Limestone shed, canPH; significantly reduce/elevate PHwhich valueisand threat the (CaCO3) and Dolomite (CaCO3.

MgCO3) in Spring species Creek Wateraquatic living organisms, especially the sensitive like brook shed, can significantly reduce/elevate PH value and threat the trout. aquatic living organisms, especially the sensitive species like brook trout.

Reference: Jennifer J. Mosher and Robert H. Findlay, “Direct and Indirect Influence of Parental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/ Reference: Jennifer J. Mosher and Robert H. Findlay, “Direct and Indirect Influence of Parental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/

Forest / Grazed Land

rental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams”, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209171/

02 CONTAMINATIONS FROM DIFFERENT LAND USE Forest / Vacant Land

Forest / Grazed Land

Forest / Grazed Land

Urbanized Region

Urbanized Region

Urbanized Region

Transportation / Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land

Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land

Agriculture / Industrial / Mined land

SEDIMENTS

NUTRIENTS

Sediment Yield of a water body is, in part, determined by the

Nutrients and other Biocontaminants, including Nitro-

Metal can cause immediate fish kill or other types of biosystem damage when released to water without proper treatment. Transportation, Agriculture, Industrial and Mined lands are the most likely sources of such kind of chemical contamination, and the runoff going through these regions tends to have more severe chemical problems than those from urban land like residential areas. Forest and vacant lands are free of such worries since no human activity has taken place.

land uses surrounding that water body. Natural / grazed lands, with gen, Phosphorous, organics from human and animal waste, can abundant plant roots holding the soil from erosion, tend to genercause the decline in brook trout species by increasing the quantity ate minimum sediments. Urban region with all kinds of dust on surof aquatic microorganism like diatoms that soon grow overpopulatface may cause the accumulation of sediments in run-off, and later ed and exhaust dissolved oxygen in the stream. Fertilizers used in into the stream. Agricultural, industrial or mined land, and those pastures and agricultural lands account for most of the nutrients revacant land with exposed earth can generate sediments 8 times maining on surface, while the waste water from city may also con more than urbanized region and 32 times more than the well-vegetain N, P elements from daily-life consumptions. tated region, thus be the main threats to adjacent water body. PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N

Reference: “Biological & Chemical Stream Monitoring”, Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division, Spring 2009.

Reference: Joel Casagrande, “How does Land Use Affect Sediment Loads in Gabilan Creek”, Caniforlia State University, 2001.

SUITABILITY SUITABILITYANALYSIS ANALYSIS

SHIYANG HE MLA 2ND YEAR SHIYANG SHIYANG HE HE MLA 2ND MLA YEAR 2ND YEAR

03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS 03 03 RIPARIAN RIPARIAN BUFFER BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS EFFECTIVENESS Riparian Buffers are vital to the watershed ecosystem because they protect water body from negative effects, such as pollutions and Riparian Riparian Buffers Buffers are vital are to vital thetowatershed the watershed ecosystem ecosystem because because they protect they protect waterwater body body from from negative negative effects, effects, such such as pollutions as pollutions and and noises, of human activities. These vegetated buffers also provide food and habitat for specific plants and animals, and sometimes create

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

noises, noises, of human of human activities. activities.

These These vegetated vegetated buffers buffers also provide also provide food food and habitat and habitat for specific for specific plantsplants and animals, and animals, and sometimes and sometimes create create corridors for wildlives migrating along the stream. The effectiveness of riparian buffer is mainly decided by four factors: slope, surface soil corridors corridors for wildlives for wildlives migrating migrating alongalong the stream. the stream.

The effectiveness The effectiveness of riparian of riparian bufferbuffer is mainly is mainly decided decided by four by factors: four factors: slope,slope, surface surface soil soil type, vegetation mix and distance to waterbody. type, type, vegetation vegetation mix and mixdistance and distance to waterbody. to waterbody.

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

Multi-layered Vegetation Multi-layered Multi-layered Vegetation Vegetation Mono-layered Vegetation Mono-layered Mono-layered Vegetation Vegetation No Vegetation No Vegetation No Vegetation

PROJECTION PA STATE PLANE N DATA SOURCE LARCH 530 DATASETS

Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and Reconmmended and Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005.

03 RIPARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS

0%-10% Moister & Nutritious 0%-10% 0%-10% & Nutritious & Nutritious are vital to the watershed ecosystem because Moister they Moister protect water body from negative effects, such as pollutions and 10%-25% High in Clay/Sand noises, of human activities. These vegetated buffers also provide food habitat for specific plants and animals, and sometimes create 10%-25% 10%-25% Highand in High Clay/Sand in Clay/Sand Impervious Above 25% corridors for wildlives migrating along the stream. The effectiveness of riparian buffer is mainly decided by four factors: slope, surface soil Impervious Impervious Above 25% Above 25%

Riparian Buffers

type, vegetation mix and distance to waterbody.

22 2

Reference: Joel Casagrande,PA “How PA does Land UsePLANE AffectPLANE Sediment PROJECTION PROJECTION STATE STATE N Loads N in Gabilan Creek”, Caniforlia StateLARCH University, 2001.

DATA SOURCE 530 DATASETS DATA DATA SOURCE SOURCE LARCH LARCH 530530 DATASETS DATASETS

SHIYANG HE

MLA 2ND YEAR

Multi-layered Vegetation Mono-layered Vegetation No Vegetation

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

0%-10%

Moister & Nutritious

10%-25%

High in Clay/Sand

Above 25%

Impervious

VEGETATION TYPE VEGETATION VEGETATION TYPE TYPE The buffer’s purifying capacity is also related to the vegetation The buffer’s The buffer’s purifying purifying capacity capacity is also is also related related to theto vegetation the vegetation types. Multi-layered buffers that consist of trees, shrubs and types.types.

Multi-layered Multi-layered buffers buffers that consist that consist of trees, of trees, shrubs shrubs and and grasses are much more effective to trap pollutants and sediments. grasses grasses are much are much moremore effective effective to trap topollutants trap pollutants and sediments. and sediments.

Buffers with only grass are still capable of capturing sediments with Buffers Buffers with only withgrass only grass are still arecapable still capable of capturing of capturing sediments sediments with with the densive roots. And buffers with merely trees are not effective in the densive the densive roots.roots.

And buffers And buffers with merely with merely trees trees are not areeffective not effective in in sediment removal, but they still remain limited ability for nutrients SLOPE SOIL TYPE sediment sediment removal, removal, but they but still they remain still remain limited limited ability ability for nutrients for nutrients VEGETATION SLOPE SLOPE SOIL SOIL TYPE TYPEabsorption. Surface without any kinds of vegetation shows no ca- TYPE absorption. absorption.

Surface Surface without without any kinds any kinds of vegetation of vegetation shows shows no cano caAs slope increase, the speed of runoff that flow through the surface Different types of soil have different absorption rate. Soils that are pacity of being a buffer.

As slope As slope increase, increase, the speed the speed of runoff of runoff that flow thatthrough flow through the surface the surface Different Different typestypes of soilofhave soil have different different absorption absorption rate. rate.

Soils Soils that are that arepacitypacity of being of being a buffer. a buffer.

The buffer’s purifying capacity is also related to the vegetation will also increase. Therefore, the steeper the earth is, the less time high in clay (Shales) are less permeable and may have greater will also will increase. also increase.

Therefore, Therefore, the steeper the steeper the earth the earth is, theis,less the time less time high high in clay in (Shales) clay (Shales) are less are permeable less permeable and may and may have have greater greater Reference: types.

Multi-layered that Buffer consist ofFunctions trees, and shrubs and Ellen Hawes and Markelle buffers Smith, “Riparian Zones: it will have for vegetations to absorb pollutants and sediments. runoff. On the other hand, soils that contains too much sands (sanReference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Widths”, 2005. it willit have will have for vegetations for vegetations to absorb to absorb pollutants pollutants and sediments. and sediments. runoff. runoff.

On the Onother the other hand,hand, soils that soilscontains that contains too much too much sandssands (san-(san- Reference: grasses are much more effectiveReconmmended to trap pollutants and sediments.

Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwaReconmmended Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005. 2005.

ManyMany surveys surveys suggests suggests that steep that steep slopeslope that goes that goes beyond beyond 10% 10% dylimestone, dylimestone, sandstone) sandstone) will drain will drain waterwater too rapidly too rapidly into groundwainto groundwaBuffers with only grass are still capable of capturing sediments with serves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally ter and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap polluserves serves little value little value as a buffer, as a buffer, and slope and slope aboveabove 25% 25% should should totallytotally ter and terleave and leave no enough no enough time for time the forvegetation the vegetation roots roots to trap topollutrap polluthe densive roots.

And buffers with merely trees are not effective in be excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly tions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of be excluded be excluded whenwhen caculate caculate the whole the whole bufferbuffer widthwidth sincesince it hardly itSLOPE hardly tions.tions.

Soils Soils that are thatmoister are moister and nutritious and nutritious are most are most capable capable of of sediment SOIL than 150 ft removal, but they still remain limited ability for nutrients remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff. taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo TYPE Less Less than Less 150 than ft 150 ft remains remains any purifying any purifying capacity capacity for the forcontaminated the contaminated runoff. runoff. takingtaking awayaway pollutions pollutions and release and release nutrients nutrients like nitrogen like nitrogen to atmo to atmo absorption. Surface without any kinds of vegetation shows no casphere.

150 - 1640 ft Reference: Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: and sphere. sphere.

1640 150 ft- 1640 ft As Ellen slope increase, the speed of runoff that flowFunctions through the surface Different types of soil have different absorption rate. Soils that are 150 -pacity of being a buffer.

Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

Ellen Hawes and Markelleare Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and greater More than 1640 ft will also increase. Therefore, the Reconmmended steeper the earth is, the less high in clay (Shales) less permeable and may have Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005.

2005.timeReference: More than More 1640 thanft 1640 ft Reference: Reference: Ellen Hawes Ellen Hawes and Markelle and Markelle Smith, Smith, “Riparian “Riparian Buffer Zones: Buffer Zones: Functions Functions and and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and it will have for vegetations to absorb pollutants and sediments. runoff. On the other hand, soils that contains too much sands (sanReconmmended Reconmmended Widths”, Widths”, 2005.

2005.

Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwaserves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally ter and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap pollube excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly tions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of Less than 150 ft remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff. taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo sphere.

150 - 1640 ft

D. SUITABILITY ANALYSIS D.D. SUITABILITY SUITABILITY ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

More than 1640 ft

59 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015

TOXIC CHEMICALS Toxic Chemicals like Pesticides, Degerming Agent or Heavy

Many surveys suggests that steep slope that goes beyond 10% serves little value as a buffer, and slope above 25% should totally be excluded when caculate the whole buffer width since it hardly remains any purifying capacity for the contaminated runoff.

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

dylimestone, sandstone) will drain water too rapidly into groundwater and leave no enough time for the vegetation roots to trap pollutions. Soils that are moister and nutritious are most capable of taking away pollutions and release nutrients like nitrogen to atmo sphere.

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

Less than 150 ft 150 - 1640 ft More than 1640 ft

D. SUITABILITY ANALYSIS According to the final suitability map below which is generated from the overlap of ten interim maps, we can see the capacity of lands being potential brook trout habitat within Spring Creek Watershed. The upper stream of Spring Creek and its three main tributaries - Slab Cabin Run, Cedar Run and Galbraith Gap Run - have passed through areas mainly consist of agricultural fields and urban regions that are unfavourable to support brook trout species. As these tributaries join the main stem of Spring Creek which flows downstream into Canyon parcel and Fisherman’s Paradise, the riparian region shows a higher suitability value for being the brook trout habitat.

But such advantage has disappeared as the stream flow ahead towards Bellefonte, where the highly urbanized land use causes decline in water condition and threat brook trout again.

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Another discovery is that there are several pieces of land which have high value for being the brook trout habitat but lacks water running through because of their higher elevation. Apart from adding buffers to existing streams and tributaries, it is also worth trying to invite streams into these regions and make use of the existing good natural environment.

DISTANCE Although the habitat requirements for different animals - fish, birds, reptiles, mammals or amphibians vary widely, there’s a minimum buffer width that sustain specific species living together. Buffers within 150ft to the streams are vital for the formation of aquatic habitat, and benefit trout and salmon greatly with shading, food as well as water quality, while the buffers within 1640 ft guarantee the basic needs of terrestrial wildlife that live along the waterbody.

The region outside 1640 ft has little beneficial influence though.

Reference: Ellen Hawes and Markelle Smith, “Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Reconmmended Widths”, 2005.

The next step --- FINAL PROJECT will mainly go in these two directions: 1) Adding new buffers to protect existing streams

SUITABILITY VALUE

2) Adding new waterbody in suitable locations

PROMISING BROOK TROUT HABITAT

10

THREAT TO BROOK TROUT HABITAT

25

CENTRE COUNTY

SPRING CREEK WATERSHED

LOCATOR MAP

SUITABILITY OVERLAY MAP

61 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015

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63 GEODESIGN RESTORATION OF BROOK TROUT HABITAT 2015

ＮＥＷ ＧＲＯＵＮＤ WILDLIFE CORRIDOR & POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN ２０１５ ＢＡＲＣＥＬＯＮＡ， ＳＰＡＩＮ

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OTHER WORK SAMPLES

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WILDLIFE-ACCESSIBLE STREET MODULE

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OTHER WORK SAMPLES

FROM

COEXISTENCE TO SYMBIOSIS

TRAILER PARK COMMUNITY & COMMUNITY FORESTRY 2016 STATE COLLEGE, PA

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RESIDENCE & HARVEST DYNAMIC BALANCE

COMMUNITY WOODSHOP

RUNNING TRAIL IN WOODS

TRAILER CAR PLUG-IN UNIT

COMMUNITY SECTION

CAR ENTR

ANCE

ENTRAN

CAR EXIT

CE PLAZ

A

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APARTM

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MOVABLE HOUSE COMMUNITY FOREST

MOVABLE HOUSE Y IT UN P M HO M DS CO OO W

COMMUNITY MASTERPLAN

THE FORT AND COHESION -- FORT-HOUSE STYLE COMMUNITY CENTER DESIGN 2013 FUJIAN, CHINA

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2-2 SECTION

1-1 SECTION

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DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION -- MATERIAL

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-- STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

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OTHER WORK SAMPLES

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Drainage Pipe

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Raised Drainage Inlet(RDI) Bioretention

Final

L1