Collins Mandarin Chinese Visual Dictionary by shop dk

mandarin

chinese 3000 words and phrases

Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Westerhill Road Bishopbriggs Glasgow G64 2QT First Edition 2019

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contents 5

the essentials

transport

in the home

at the shops

day-to-day

leisure

sport

107

health

123

planet earth

137

celebrations and festivals

introduction The following points have been given to help you when using Mandarin Chinese: 1) How to address people politely At work, you can call your peers by their names – a rule of thumb is to always address people by their job title or occupation with their family name first, for example, ᓴ㗕Ꮬ (zhāng lǎo shī), “Zhang teacher”. You may also hear ᇣ⥟ (xiǎo Wang), literally “young Wang” or 㗕ᴢ (lǎo Lǐ), “old Li” in the workplace, although this is rather informal. When invited to meet a friend’s family, unless they are younger or roughly the same age, you shouldn’t call them by their names. You can call their grandparents ⠋⠋/ཊཊ (yé ye/nǎi nai) “grandfather/grandmother”, and their parents or anyone in that generation নন/䰓ྼ (shū shu/ā yí) “uncle/auntie”, as if they were your own relatives. Addressing the older 3

generations by their names is considered very rude in Chinese culture. “Դ” or “ᙼ”? Although both are translated as “you” in English, ᙼ is used to show respect when addressing, for example, your parents, grandparents, or boss. On the other hand, Դ is used to address friends and peers. 2) Measure words Measure words are mandatory in Chinese when using a noun with a numeral, for example, “one car” is ϔ䕚䔺 (yī liàng chē) and “three bedrooms” is ϝ䯈ऻᅸ (sān jiān wò shì). In these cases, the measure words are 䕚 (liàng) and 䯈 (jiān) respectively. Different measure words are used for different types of objects. The most common measure word is Ͼ (gè) and this can be used when you don’t know the exact measure word. 3) Tones for ϔ and ϡ To maintain consistency, we use yī (first tone) as the Pinyin for the character ϔ and bù (fourth tone) for the character ϡ. This is in line with the authoritative Contemporary Chinese Dictionary. However, the pronunciations for these two characters may vary according to the tones of the characters that proceed or follow them, as shown below:

tone

examples

When it’s the last character of a phrase or sentence

First tone

㄀ϔ (dì yī) first 㒳ϔ (tǒng yī) unity

When followed by characters of the first, second, and third tones

Fourth tone

ϔ໽ (yì tiān) one day ϔ䍋 (yì qǐ) together

When followed by characters of the fourth tone

Second tone

ϔ໰ (yí yè) one night ϔߛ (yí qiè) all

tone

examples

When it’s the last character of a phrase or sentence

Fourth tone

㒱ϡ (jué bù) never гϡ (yě bù) nor

When followed by characters of the first, second, and third tones

Fourth tone

ϡ㸠 (bù xíng) no ϡད (bù hǎo) bad

When followed by characters of the fourth tone

Second tone

ϡ䫭 (bú cuò) good ϡএ (bú qù) not going to

the essentials | 日常必备

blue

red

lán sè de

hóng sè de

蓝色的

红色的

yellow

黄色的

green

huáng sè de

绿色的 lǜ sè de

white

白色的 bái sè de

black

黑色的 hēi sè de

the basics | 基础句型和词汇 Hello.

Good afternoon.

See you tomorrow.

你好。

下午好。

明天见。

nǐ hǎo

xià wǔ hǎo

míng tiān jiàn

Hi!

Good night.

Bye!

嗨！

晚安。

再见。

hēi

wǎn ān

zài jiàn

Good morning/ evening.

See you soon.

Have a good day!

早/晚上好。

回头见。

今天过得愉快！

huí tóu jiàn

jīn tiān guò de yú kuài

Yes.

Thank you.

I’m sorry.

是的。

谢谢。

对不起。

shì de

xiè xie

duì bù qǐ

No.

No, thanks.

OK!

不是。

不，谢谢。

好的！

bù shì

bù , xiè xie

hǎo de

I don’t know.

Excuse me.

You’re welcome.

我不知道。

请问。

不客气。

wǒ bù zhī dào

qǐng wèn

bù kè qì

please

Sorry?

I don’t understand.

请

什么？

我没听懂。

qǐng

shén me

wǒ méi tīng dǒng

zǎo/wǎn shàng hǎo

Yes, please.

好的，请。 hǎo de , qǐng

about you | 你自己 How old are you?

I’m...

I have a partner.

你多少岁？

我是…。

我有伴侣。

nǐ duō shǎo suì

wǒ shì

wǒ yǒu bàn lǚ

When is your birthday?

Scottish

I’m single.

你的生日是什么时候？

苏格兰的/人

我单身。

sū gé lán de/rén

wǒ dān shēn

English

I’m divorced.

英格兰的/人

我离婚了。

yīng gé lán de/rén

wǒ lí hūn le

wǒ … suì

Irish

I’m widowed.

I was born in...

爱尔兰的/人

我丧偶。

ài ěr lán de/rén

wǒ sàng ǒu

wǒ shì … shēng de

Welsh

Do you have any children?

Where do you live?

wēi ěr shì de/rén

nǐ de shēng rì shì shén me shí hou

I’m … years old.

我…岁。

我是…生的。

你住哪里？

威尔士的/人

nǐ zhù nǎ lǐ

British

Where are you from?

yīng guó de/rén

你从哪里来？

英国的/人

nǐ cóng nǎ lǐ lái

Are you married/ single?

I’m from...

我从…来。

你结婚了/单身吗？

wǒ cóng … lái

nǐ jié hūn le/dān shēn ma

I live in...

I’m married.

我住在…。

我结婚了。

wǒ zhù zài

wǒ jié hūn le

你有孩子吗？ nǐ yǒu hái zi ma

I have ... children.

我有…个孩子。 wǒ yǒu … gè hái zi

I don’t have any children.

我没有孩子。 wǒ méi yǒu hái zi

family and friends | 家人和朋友 This is my...

daughter

grandson

这是我的…。

女儿

孙子

zhè shì wǒ de

nǚ ér

sūn zi

These are my...

parents

mother-in-law

这些是我的…。

父母

婆母/岳母

zhè xiē shì wǒ de

fù mǔ

pó mǔ/yuè mǔ

husband

mother

father-in-law

丈夫

母亲

公公/岳父

zhàng fu

mǔ qīn

gōng gong/yuè fù

wife

father

daughter-in-law

妻子

父亲

儿媳妇

qī zǐ

fù qīn

ér xí fù

boyfriend

brother

son-in-law

男朋友

兄弟

女婿

nán péng you

xiōng dì

nǚ xu

girlfriend

sister

brother-in-law

女朋友

姐妹

nǚ péng you

jiě mèi

jiě fu/mèi fu

partner

grandfather

sister-in-law

伴侣

祖父

bàn lǚ

zǔ fù

sǎo zi/dì mèi

fiancé/fiancée

grandmother

stepmother

未婚夫/妻

祖母

wèi hūn fū/qī

zǔ mǔ

jì mǔ

son

granddaughter

stepfather

儿子 ér zi

孙女 sūn nǚ

姐夫/妹夫

嫂子/弟妹

继母

继父 jì fù

stepson

nephew

friend

继子

侄子/外甥

朋友

jì zǐ

zhí zi/wài sheng

péng you

stepdaughter

niece

baby

继女

侄女/外甥女

婴儿

jì nǚ

zhí nǚ/wài sheng nǚ

yīng ér

uncle

cousin

child

叔叔/舅舅

堂/表兄弟姊妹

孩子

shū shu/jiù jiu

táng/biǎo xiōng dì zǐ mèi

hái zi

aunt

extended family

teenager

姑妈/姨妈

亲戚

青少年

gū mā/yí mā

qīn qi

qīng shào nián

general health and wellbeing | 身体状况 How are you?

So-so.

I’m full.

你好吗？

还行吧。

我吃饱了。

nǐ hǎo ma

hái xíng ba

wǒ chī bǎo le

How’s it going?

Could be worse.

I’m cold.