THESIS - The Upcycled Home by shubham agrawal

THESIS THE UPCYCLED HOME SHUBHAM AGRAWAL

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TOPIC: THE UPCYCLED HOME A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Graduate in Interior & Product design by SHUBHAM AGRAWAL (Reg. No. 17BIP014)

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR & PRODUCT DESIGN 30 Hosur Road, Opposite Adugodi Police Station, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030 DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR & PRODUCT DESIGN 30 Hosur Road, Opposite Adugodi Police Station, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030

JULY 2021

LISAA SCHOOL OF DESIGN,BANGALORE 30 Hosur Road, Opposite Adugodi Police Station, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR & PRODUCT DESIGN BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this Thesis Report is the bonafide work of SHUBHAM AGRAWAL (Reg. No. 17BIP014) who carried out the Dissertation work entitled THE UPCYCLED HOME under our supervision from Jan to July 2021. COORDINATORS PRIEYA ARUN Interior design TAPAN BADESHA Product Design

Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on Internal Examiner PRIEYA ARUN TAPAN BADESHA

External Examiner

DECLARATION

I SHUBHAM AGRAWAL (Reg.No. 17BIP014) hereby declare that the thesis Report entitled THE UPCYCLED HOME done by me under the guidance of Mr. TAPAN (Internal) and ___________ (External) is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELORS IN INTERIOR & PRODUCT DESIGN

DATE: PLACE: BANGALORE

SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I respect and thank our Directors Ms AVI KESWANI and Mr GIRISH KESWANI for providing me this opportunity to pursue the graduate programme, Mr DEVARAJ, Principal to carry out the project and for providing all the support and guidance to complete the project on time. I owe my profound gratitude to my Internal guide MR. TAPAN & Ar. MONISHA MANOHARAN and the Department Coordinator Ar. PRIEYA ARUN, Mr TAPAN BADESHA who guided me all along till the completion of the project. I would also like to thank all my teachers who have taught me in last four years. I would specially like to thank all the people involved for spending their valuable time in filling up the questionnaire survey and sharing their valuable thoughts and inputs without whose support I would not have been able to complete my Project. Thankyou all the staff members of the interior & Product department. LISAA SCHOOL OF DESIGN ,Bangalore Finally I thanks my Parents who were a source of constant encouragement and support throughout the work.

SHUBHAM AGRAWAL

ABSTRACT

RESEARCH

3 4 5

.1 .2 .3 .4

PRE SELECTION OF TOPIC RESEARCH CASESTUDY CONCLUSION

.1 .2 .3

IN DETAIL FROM WEB FROM SITE .1 FROM SITE .2 LIFE OF A COACH .3 FROM SITE .4 OBSERVATIONS .5 CONCLUSION .6 THE GALLERY

SITE ANALYSIS

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

11 12-13 14-22 23 24-26 27 28 29

MOOD & MATERIAL

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

06 07 08-09 10

THE VISION .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6

RESEARCH ON HOMELESSNESS WHO ARE HOMELESS? ABOUT THEIR LIFE MIND MAP OTHER REQUIREMENTS CONCLUSION

30 31-32 33 34 35 36

CASE STUDY .1 .2

DEFINING THE STUDY MAHARAJAS .1 THE LAYOUT .2 INTERIORS .3 CHAICHUN .1 INTERIOR .4 CAMP COACHING .1 GALLERY

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

ARRANGEMENTS .1

TRIALS ON HOW TO ARRANGE THE COACH

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.1 .2 .3 .4 .5

.1 .2 .3

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10

SELECTION OF THE SITE SITE STUDY SITE DIVISION SUN & WIND STUDY OF HOMELESS POPULATION

THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS THE CONCEPT

46 47 48 49 50

51-52

53 UNDERSTANDING THE MOOD & MATERIAL 54 MOOD BOARD 55-56 MATERIALS USED

LAYOUT PLAN ELECTRICAL ALIGNMENT LAYOUT ELECTRICAL LOOPING LAYOUT PLUMBILNG LAYOUT SEWAGE LAYOUT ELEVATIONS SECTIONS COACH DETAILS SECTION OF COACHES PRODUCT DETAILS

RENDERS Welcome back home

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65-66 67-68

69-76

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

Every day, we are exposed to a plethora of things. Today, everything has a life of its own. Every material on this planet has a work pattern. Everything we see is supposed to be where it is for the rest of their lives in order to assist someone or something in some way. But everything has an expiration date. Their utility is reduced to nothing. They depreciate and are dismantled into parts. The project's goal is to give materials and objects new life by repurposing them. Let us prepare to explore the new life of the olds. There were numerous suggestions regarding what may be used and for what I could use it for.

The first thing that came to mind was reusing cargo containers. So, I searched through a lot of sites to learn about the container's availability and discovered that it is already in use at a lot of places, so basically, people are already busy giving life to the boxes that are already dead. Second, I considered using tunnel tubes to create an area to remain in. When I returned to the internet, I discovered that the tubes were being utilised for temporary residence in several nations. These tubes where also used in for decorations of different places. There were other ideas, such as providing a stay near the airport for visitors visiting Bangalore for a short period of time. Likewise, I went through a few other materials that may be recycled.

THE PROJECT BEGAN WITH THE GOAL OF BUILDING SOMETHING OUT OF MATERIALS THAT HAD ALREADY LIVED TO THE MAXIMUM OF THEIR LIFE.

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PRE-SELECTION OF TOPIC

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BASIC RESEARCH WAS DONE ON DIFFERNT MATERIALS TO UNDERSTAND THE AVAILABILITY AND POSSIBILITISE Concrete tubes are available in a range of sizes, thicknesses, and diameters. Concrete tubes are made by moulding concrete between metal sheets of varying shapes. Because the material is heavy, cranes are generally employed to move it. It has a strong structural foundation and can endure any weather condition. The tube's inside is essentially cooler. When it comes to shipping containers, it is one of the most often utilised building materials. Shipping containers are usually offered in two sizes: 20 and 40 feet. It is totally made of metal and can be cut and welded to form any structure.

RESEARCH

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ABSTRACT

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CONCRETE TUBES

CARGO CONATINERS

Concrete tubes are available in a wide range of shapes and sizes in the market. Different tubes can be used for a variety of purposes. This is a research on how a 2m diameter pipe was used as a hotel room in Mexico. The tube is closed on one side with concrete, and a frame for a couple's bed is built inside. Glass doors on the other side were also installed for privacy and security.

Japanese architect Kengo Kuma has stacked 29 recycled shipping containers to make a Starbucks coffee shop alongside a shopping centre in Hualien, Taiwan. The multi-storey structure has full height windows and skylights set into the white-painted containers to create a 320-square-metre café.

Other concrete tube experiments include using it as a sink, for indoor horticulture, and as a front façade of a building for visual improvement. Tubes were also utilised as O pods, which contain everything needed for a single person's stay.

This is just another example of an upcycled structure; there are many more structures made of shipping containers. A container costs about 1.5 lacs on average. It is a low-cost modular construction that may be placed anywhere. This reduces construction costs by lot.

CASE STUDY

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ABSTRACT

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GODREJ ROYAL WOODS This location is in Bangalore, near the airport. The structure was designed by Godrej Royal Apartment, which is located directly behind this location. From a distance, the building seems to be piled blocks of shipping containers. However, when I went there, I discovered that it is made of two materials. First, the structure's frameworks are made of iron pipes, and the walls are made of steel sheets that are used to cover the roofs and are then painted charcoal grey. What I learnt here was that if the material is not inexpensive, we can build the same item with less expensive resources and make it in such a manner that it aesthetically resembles the original materials.

CASE STUDY

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ABSTRACT

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I learned about scraped coaches and their use after visiting a few railway stations and yards. How they are dismantled and sold to companies for the purpose of melting the body. This aids in bringing in a little revenue for the railways. Coaches that are structurally unsuitable for transport are scrapped. Along with the coaches, I discovered rusty metal shoes, tracks, rubbers, chain links, and a variety of other items that may be utilised for a variety of reasons. After reviewing all of the structural elements I had chosen, I decided to proceed with the railway scraps, coaches, tracks, slippers, and other interior items like as toiled seats, fans, lights, sinks, beds, and chairs, and so on. The goal now was to figure out how to use all of these resources and what could be done with all of those leftovers.

CONCLUSION

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ABSTRACT

IN DETAIL

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RESEARCH FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE COACHES WAS NECESSARY TO COME TO A CONCLUSION WHAT CAN BE MADE USING THEM The study was divided into two parts. I began by conducting some internet study on the history of Indian railroads and trains in general. Then I went to a couple railway stations and railway yards in Bangalore. During my web research, I learned about the history of railways, how they came to be, how they developed over time, and where they are now. And while conducting research on-site, I met a few top railway officials and a couple of coach engineers.

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HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS Industrial railways were the first to come in India. It was introduced by Britishers in 1832. Later in 1853 passenger locomotives were introduced. By 1925 steam engines had started being withdrawn and electric train was introduced. By the 1960s Indian railways were expended so much, zonal redivision had to be done. Now, after 1990s all other modern railways started coming to India. Few facts and records came into being : Longest station is Gorakhpur station which is 4,483ft long, Longest distance being covered by one engine is 3,715km by Vivek express, Oldest train still on track is Fairy Queen which was started in1855 and still runs between Delhi and Alwar occasionally.

RESEARCH

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FROM WEB

1853–1924: Passenger railways and expansion - Started in 1853, Ran between Bori Bunder station & Thane (34km of distance). First train in eastern India ran between Hooghly and Howrah. 1925–1950: Electrification and further expansion - First Railway budget was presented in 1925. And on 3 February of the same year ran the first electric engine between Victoria Terminus and Kurla. 1951–1983: Zonal re-organization and further developments - For easy management of the trains different Headquarters were established during this period. Country was divided in to different sections for easy management. 1984 – Present: Rapid transit and later developments - With latest technology Speed of transportation increased. Metro rails, Luxury trains, Palace on wheels etc. were introduced during this period. And now with the online booking system, Wi-Fi, Ergonomic designs, Green technology, GPS tracking, Automated technologies, Indian railways is already at next level with total distance of tracks being more than 1,20,000 km of the country. More than 14,300 trains runs everyday where as during independence we only had 43 trains. And after all this, we are soon going to have Bullet train which will run between Ahmadabad and Mumbai.

RESEARCH

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FROM WEB

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1832–1852: Industrial railways - Brought in by the Britishers, hauled by steam-engine locomotive. Primarily used for transport of stones and other heavy materials. First train ran between Redhill and Chintadripet.

TIMELINE OF RAILWAYS IN INDIA

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ABOUT THE TRACKS AND SLEEPERS Sleepers are the slabs placed under the tracks parallelly with specific distance. Initially teak wood sleepers were used under the tracks, teak wood sleepers. Later metal Sleepers were introduced. Iron sleepers were very strong and stable but cost of metal sleeper is too high. With time and innovation, concrete sleepers came in and is currently being use. Now the metal sleepers are only used under the bridges. The composite sleepers being used is not only eco-friendly but also strong compared to wooden sleepers and is vastly used now. The length of the sleeper is 8 feet and 2 inches. Its even lighter in weight compared to wooden sleepers.

RESEARCH

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FROM SITE

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ABOUT THE COACH Train Coach or Car are of many types around the world. The coaches varies is many ways, like size, weight, capacity, speed, maintenance, Width, Height, Carriage purpose, source of movement, wheels sizes, etc. ICF is Indian manufactured coach at Integral coach Factory which started back in 1952. The top speed permitted to ICF coach is 110km/h. The other type, LHB coaches are developed using German technology. They were started in 2000. The maximum permitted speed is 160km/h. These coaches are lot stable and smooth running compared to ICF coach.

RESEARCH

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FROM SITE

Visually, difference between these types of coaches is very minimal, but there is a huge difference between both of them.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ICF COACH AND LHB COACH

ICF Made by Integral coach factory of India Started in 1952 Air Break system Noise level is 100 decibels Top speed permitted is 110km/h Generates electricity using dynamos fixed under each coach. This electricity is used by same coach for lightings and fans.

LHB Linke Hofmann Busch is a German based design This type is advanced and came in to use by 2000 Structure is made of mild steel. This types has disk breaks Noise level goes up to 60 decibels Top speed permitted is 160km/h They don't have dynamos, but generator car which is general placed near engines provides electricity.

RESEARCH

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FROM SITE

RESEARCH

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FROM SITES INTERIORS Interior of the train is according to what the coach is assigned for. Number of seats varies in the train coach according to their type. The length of a coach varies in LHB and ICF coaches. LHB is 77 feet long which is 5 feet 2 inches longer then ICF coach and is 10 feet in both the cases. The wall thickness of the coach is 3 inches, so the interior size reduces by 6".

TYPES OF COACH Class/coach description

Coach type

Coach number

Second AC Second AC and Three tier AC Three-tier AC AC Chair Car (Normal trains) AC Chair Car (Shatabdi/Duronto Express) AC Chair Car (Double Decker) Second Sitting Executive Class First Class Non-AC First AC First AC and Second AC First AC and Three-tier AC Sleeper Class Non-AC

Full Composite Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Full Composite Composite Full

A AB B C C C D E F H HA HB S

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SEAT CHART OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COACH

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RESEARCH

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FROM SITES A COMPARTMENT

LAWN

COMPARTMENT is a division made within a coach by means of holding the seats and limiting the movement. COUPE is a collection of 2 seats, one being upper and other lower. CABIN is a collection of 4 seats, which has two upper and two lower sidewise. LAWN is the path which is used by everyone to move from or to the entrance gate, washrooms or within the compartments.

CABIN

COMPARTMENT

CABIN COUPE

Coaches are produced in a factory known as the manufacturing house. They are given the numbers of that particular factory. The coaches are then allocated to various Depots, which is referred to as depot home. The coaches are subsequently delivered to the station for usage with their respective train. The depot is identified by a five-digit number inscribed on the front and back of the coach. Coaches that have a problem are routed to their respective sick departments in their own depot for maintenance. The coach is deemed to be fit after the maintenance and can be utilised. Every 5 to 6 years, the coach is returned to its home or factory and refurbished with new materials, wiring, covers, paints, and so on. If the coach cannot be restored, it is either moved to local towns for use or transformed into storage facilities for railways. Many carriages that can no longer be used are also scrapped and auctioned off to the public, where the buyer melts the iron and utilises it to make something. However, this is only meant to be done in mass quantity. The average life of a passenger carriage is 25 to 40 years, therefore the coaches are retired after their service. These train coaches can be restored and used as structural members in any house. Trains that have been in an accident or have been burned and cannot be used for transportation can also be used for structural purposes.

LIFE OF A COACH

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RESEARCH

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HOOK CHAIN

Used to hold track and sleeper together, It is changed and discarded when it gets damaged or widen up.

SPRINGS Spring is available in all the bogies and they are strong material.

TRACK CHANGER Traditionally, It was used to change the tracks. But, now its all automated and because of which these are in no use now.

RESEARCH

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FROM SITE

Sink and WC is pure stainless steel. Its Strong & have long life. Its perfect for rough and tough use.

HOOKS Galvanised hook for hanging cloths and other materials while travelling.

FOLDABLE BOTTLE HOLDER Simple fold bottle holder is a permanent solution for the moving train to hold water bottle. And folding system lets it not disturb persons movements.

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STAINLESS STEEL SINK

Terrazzo finished PVC matt for the flooring is 4mm thick, which makes it long lasting. It runs on the skirting also.

STAINLESS STEEL SHEET SS textured sheets can be found near bathroom area as its rust free and the texture makes it non-slippery.

ZIG-ZAG BASE WITH FRAMES The base of the coach is made with the zig zag sheet which is placed over the iron frames and chesses.

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TERRAZZO FINISH PVC MATT

OBSERVATIONS

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RESEARCH

Patch of metal sheet welded over rusted body. White Grey colour is used on the ceiling for cool interiors. Grooves to stop rain slippage through doors or windows. Stainless steel used all around near toilet area as it is a wet area and SS is rust free material. Metal WC and sinks as it is for a public usage it needs to be rough and tough. 2mm thick PVC matt with a terrazzo finish is used for the flooring. PVC matt continues 6 inches as skirting. Ply board used for wall panelling. False ceiling near the entrance made of metal sheet with white power coating. Ventilators are provided on the roof. Partitions & seats can be dismantled making the whole coach empty from inside. The Chassis is 1 feet thick making the base very strong. Rusting mostly can be found near toilet area, Under the matt if water seeps in the particular area, Area where water gets logged. Seat of the train is made of polyurethane foam and Rexene cloth over a ply board. Wall thickness is 3.5 inches including the panel. AC compressor is placed above the toilets on both sides of the coach. Water is stored above the toilet, in case of AC coach it is stored under the coach in a tank and pumped from there to the temporary 10 litre tank above the toilet. Problem with keeping the water tank flat above the toilet makes the water warm.

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THE BEST POSSIBLE THING TO BE MADE Finally, after all the research required and the data collected was reviewed, it was time to understand what all can be made out of the coaches.

Few headings I looked upon was : Public toilet, library, Resort, Bus stop shades, Caravans, Experience centre, Museums, Homeless shelter.

But before that there were few problems which were to be considered while selecting the topic. Like : The transportation of scraped coaches, Arrangements of the coaches, Laws behind the extractions of the coaches and looking up to the conditions of the coaches.

So, all the topics were really interesting , But I had to make decisions on the basis of Cheapest, future help, current situations and government records. One of the major problem I could see was providing homes to the homeless. The further research was to be done on the homeless peoples .

CONCLUSION

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RESEARCH

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THE GALLERY 29

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THE VISION

RESEARCH ON HOMELESSNESS

FINALLY, I HAD TO PROVIDE HOMES TO THE COUNTRY'S HOMELESS PEOPLE The process and the steps I had to follow to reach my targetIntroduction : The thought Why train coaches? What is the relation between rundown coaches and homeless? Objective : How can train coaches be used? What emotional values I can add to the site? How can we save lives of millions of homeless? Target Study : About the coaches Condition of the coaches extracted Transportation Value addition Basic requirements of the people Site & surroundings

As I knew what I had to make, I needed to understand its requirement and do research on what all is available of the homeless peoples. There must be some thing governments had done or is doing for them. So, I did few online research and some talks with homeless peoples. I had to understand how there life is, what do they do all day, what all are the requirements I will have to provide to them.

WHO ARE HOMELESS?

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THE VISION

For the purpose of interventions of the government, the following are understood to be ‘homeless’: Persons who do not have a house, either self-owned or rented, but instead • live and sleep at pavements, parks, railway stations, bus stations, places of worship, outside shops and factories, at constructions sites, under bridges, in Hume pipes and other places under the open sky or places unfit for human habitation • spend their nights and/or days at shelters, transit homes, short stay homes, beggars’ homes and children’s homes • live in temporary structures with or without walls under plastic sheets or thatch roofs on pavements, parks, nallah beds and other common spaces. Within this group, there are multiple degrees of vulnerability. For instance, there are single women, the infirm and old, the disabled and persons who have special needs such as floating migrant populations unable to find labour or food, those involved in substance abuse and patients suffering from debilitating diseases. In Delhi, The Tata Institute of Social Studies (TISS) study found that most existing shelters were running in buildings constructed for other purposes such as marriage halls, community halls etc., and therefore were not designed to meet the needs of a homeless shelter. While in three shelters, there were no toilet facilities, even in the rest (14 shelters), the toilets were not clean and there was not enough water. There were no clean beddings in any of the shelters as the contract for beddings had not been finalised by the government. Almost half the centres did not have the facility for adequate and clean drinking water. Other facilities like lockers, were not available in any of the centres. It must be remembered that lockers are of vital importance for the urban poor, because they have no place in the city to store their belongings and savings, and literally have to live with only the clothes on their backs. This pushes them into deeper vulnerability, a vicious cycle of poverty, dispossession and even starvation. The quality of the few shelters that existed in Delhi was found to be very poor, with minimal facilities, which did not meet the requirements of the homeless. This was one of the main reasons for the underutilisation of the existing shelters.

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Some shelters are subhuman, barely better than being on the streets. Permanent shelters must be provided for the homeless with minimum facilities such as toilets, drinking water, bedding, lockers, cleaning facilities etc. being available. For instance, while there were about 20,000 homeless people in Lucknow, the city had only eight temporary shelters and one permanent shelter. There were no official shelters in Mumbai or Patna (or incidentally in many other cities including Hyderabad and Chennai) According to 2010. On 12 March 2010, the Delhi Commissioners submitted detailed guidelines for states to establish shelters and other basic rights of the homeless. they further wrote to the Supreme Court: Whereas winter is a period of severest crisis for homeless people, in that it is directly life-threatening, all seasons pose threats to homeless people, especially the rainfall. Homeless people are subject to continuous violence and abuse. Living in the open with no privacy or protection for even for women and children, is a gross denial of the right to live with dignity. Similar directions as were passed for Delhi to deal with winter need to be passed for the entire country for all seasons, for sufficient numbers of permanent shelters, to defend and uphold the right to life with dignity, and the rights to food and shelter of all urban homeless men, women and children across the country. After concluding the different data provided by the TISS, I had a clear understanding of what all should be provided to the homeless peoples. There was one thing which was missing, which is emotions of the homeless people. Definitely they will have a home, they will have a shelters to live but how to make sure that they don't go and start begging again. What if they put there home on rent to earn a bit of money. This all needs to be considered as the mind process of homeless people is uncertain. So I had to think about that also.

THE VISION

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HOMELESS

ABOUT THEIR LIFE The life of homeless people are not specific. Basically, they are no one as they are not even registered in the books of government. They don't have any purpose of living, the only thing they focus is on at least one meal everyday and rest they don't know what they are living for. There is no restriction, boundaries, good, bad, healthy unhealthy, working or not working factors in their lives. Its life for nothing. No one even cares if they live or die. Providing very basic facilities to homeless is the main aim of this project.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS Home or a house with a roof is going to protect them from the harsh climate of the nature. Proper meals if provided thrice will be help them feed themselves. Registration under government books will help them get the benefits of the schemes provided by govt.

Proper medication will help them cure from all the dieses. And one of the very important thing is HOPE of living a better life. A space which will motivate them to live for themselves. A space which helps them in believing in themselves.

Desert cooler Activity spaces Water resistant doors Food waste management Trees covering roofs Enough Toilets Garbage bins

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Food Aadhar card Voting rights

Design Requirements

Registration

Health care

Cloth bank

HOMELESS SHELTER

JnNurm

Govt. Scheme

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

Benefits of scheme

Services Value addition

Rajiv Awas Yojana Self motivation

Toilet Bathroom

Free Shelter

Emotional feeling

Temporary stay

Emergency Exit Safety & security Water Electricity

OTHER REQUIREMENTS

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THE VISION

120 litres of water is required by every individual staying. For every 12 person staying- One western toilet, One Indian toilet & One Bathroom to be provided. Water tanks to be provided. Solar water heaters have to be provided. Cloth washing and drying area. Sewages and waste management. Cloth donation area. Emergency Exits Proper Staircases and Ramps Safe & Secured

CONCLUSION

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THE VISION

We all want a better life to live in. I myself will never want to live in piece of metal. Similarly like me, No homeless will want to live into this piece of metal box. As well there can be very minimum privacy in such a structure. So I have decided to make it a temporary stay for the homeless people. Keeping in mind that the place is temporary and I want them to cure them and help them to live a better life on their own, The place will target to be a base for homeless people to stay as well as live in an environment with positivity and hope to live a good and happy life. The government plays an important role here. It will be there first duty to make sure the place is providing food to everyone every day. Although there will be donations coming in from different places but the responsibility lies over the government. And second important thing the government has to focus is on providing them with jobs and works, so they can start their lives again.

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CASE STUDY

DEFINING THE STUDY

ONE OF THE MOST NECESSARY STEP IS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS ALREADY AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET I had to start by learning about what was already on the market. Case studies assist in the knowledge of issues, approaches, and other crucial hidden information, allowing for improved design planning. I've completed a couple online and offline case studies. For the internet case study, I looked at railway websites and read a few articles about coach modifications. I had previously heard of luxury trains, such as the Maharajas Express of Rajasthan, and coaches being transformed into Covid shelters, so I decided to perform a case study on them because it fulfilled a few conditions of what I needed to research.

I had visited a number of railway stations, railway yards, and even bus terminals for offline case studies. I learned a lot from the offline case study. While investigating and going about on the rails, I learned about the coaches that were used to transport track workers around to maintain the lines. I next proceeded to the Yashwanthpur Railway Depot, where I learned about the challenges that the coaches encounter on a daily basis. I was able to go under the coach and inspect the construction, chassis, wheels, and hydraulics. A case study on homeless persons was also conducted in order to identify the basic necessities that they required.

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ABOUT MAHARAJAS EXPRESS The Maharajas' Express is a luxury tourist train owned and operated by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation(IRCTC). It runs on 4 circuits covering more than 12 destinations across North-West and Central India, mainly centred on Rajasthan between the months of October and April. The luxury train service was started in March 2010. The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) and Cox and Kings India Ltd. Later acquired by IRCTC. The Maharajas' Express train has amenities such as Wi-Fi, attached bathroom, dining cars, bar, lounge and souvenir shop. Larger cabins have roll-top baths and spacious sitting rooms.

The train comprises 23 carriages which include accommodation, dining, bar, lounge, generator and store cars. Accommodation is available in 14 guest carriages with total passenger capacity of 84. The train also has a lounge called the Rajah Club with a private bar, two dining cars and a dedicated bar car. An on-board souvenir boutique offers tat for passengers. The train is also equipped with a water filtration plant.

MAHARAJAS

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CASE STUDY

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This shows a complete layout of how the coaches in this train is arranged. The arrangement of the coach is done in a way that all the places can easily access the required destinations.

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THE LAYOUT

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The Presidential chamber is a NAVARATNA. The entire coach is designated for a single family. Consisting of a master bedroom, a living room, a couple's room, and a bathroom with a bathtub. This is quite likely the most luxurious coach ever built on the globe.

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This is MOTI Mahel (junior suit room). The images above illustrate how the arrangement of the coach is crucial when considering the width of the lawn, as well as the gorgeous and comfortable inside.

INTERIOR

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ABOUT CHAI CHUN Indian Railways’ Eastern Railway zone has converted two over-aged railway coaches into a restaurant in the circulating area of Asansol railway station. Indian Railways is likely to generate non-fare revenue of approximately ₹50 lakhs in the next five years. Termed as ‘Restaurant on Wheels’ it can be accessed by both railway passengers and general public as well. One of the coach serves tea and snacks, while the other is full-fledged 42-seater restaurant that provides breakfast, lunch and dinner to railway users and the general public.

CHAI CHUN

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CASE STUDY

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The images here shows how neatly the interior of the train coach is converted into cafe

INTERIOR

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ABOUT CAMPING COACH I came upon the track management section while wandering around one of the yards. The track management department's mission is to keep an eye on the track's condition and make necessary repairs. They are also responsible for laying new tracks.

They created the coach in which they reside, entirely for themselves. They have a kitchen, a living room, a seniors room, a workers room, and a bathroom. After all of this, the inside has a variety of basic equipment, such as a refrigerator, chimney, water filter, air conditioner, television, and so on.

As a result, whenever they are out laying new track or correcting a fault with the track, they travel on their own designated train exclusively. There is a track carrier, a machine carriage, an engine, and a coach where they may reside and rest which is called camping coach for track machine staff.

A few other fundamental things I saw were that there were no toilets in there since it was impossible to clean it while the coach was standing in one place. The clothes were supposed to dry outdoors on the rope connected to the coach's two ends. Doors, like in the homes, were built of plyboard with a wooden frame.

CAMP COACH

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CASE STUDY

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The images here shows different spaces and materials in the camping coach.

GALLERY

1. STAYING FOR 75 - WOMENS -MENS -CHILDREN -DISABLED -WARDEN AND HELPERS 1. TOILETS AND BATHROOMS 2. OFFICE 3. KITCHEN AND DINING 4. LAUNDRY 5. HEALTH & MEDICINE

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TRIALS ON HOW TO ARRANGE THE COACHES

ARRANGEMENT

SELECTION OF THE SITE

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SITE ANALYSIS SELECTING A SITE WAS A GOOD CHALLENGE FOR ME BECAUSE I HAD TO UNDERSTAND THE DAILY MOVEMENT OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE. The first thing to determine was the amount of homeless persons in the region. In order to do so, I performed a demographic survey of the area's homelessness. Second, I needed to know what the future of homelessness in that area looked like. But since I build a home for the homeless for their temporary stay and for them to cure, What if there are no homeless persons in that location after a couple of years? For this, I researched the location area and the issues that cause individuals to be homeless. So, the location chosen is BELA, which is located in Bihar's Madhubani District. The site is one kilometre from the town of Jainagar, which had a population of 1.78 lakh people according to the 2011 census, expecting more than 2 lakhs currently.

SITE ANALYSIS

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SITE STUDY ABOUT THE SITE The site is 30,000 square feet in size. To the north of the location lies NH 277, and 1km north is the boundary with Nepal's Siraha region, and farther north is the Himalayan belt. Jainagar is located to the west. Farmland may be found to the south. Siliguri is located to the east. The sun rises on the east side of the site around 5:25 a.m. in the summer and 6:45 a.m. in the winter. The sun is moving westward with a 15-degree tilt to the south. In the summer, the sun sets around 6:55 p.m., while in the winter, it sets at 4:55 p.m. Summer temperatures reach 38 degrees, while winter temperatures drop to a low of 12 degrees. The wind typically blows from east to west or west to east. This is owing to the Himalayan belt, which runs from west to east in the north. In the area, the government supplies power and water 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Along with the drainage system that runs parallel to the national highway. Other amenities within 1km include a hospital, a bus stop, a train station, water tanks, a vegetable market, and a river.

QUANTITIVE GRAPHS Empty Land 20%

Concrete Land 20%

Vegetation Land 60%

Jobless 30%

Self Employee 15%

Vegetation Land 55%

Senior Citizen 20%

Adult 20%

Children 60%

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Sandy land

NH 277 Electricity Water Drainage

Concrete

This location is in the rural. The majority of the area around here is agriculture. There is a small market where we can get all of our essential supplies. The road seen is a national highway (NH 227). Along the roadway, basic utilities such as electricity, water, and sewerage are available.

SITE

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SITE ANALYSIS

Vegetation & farming

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SITE ANALYSIS

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SUN & WIND

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Female 25%

Parents 20%

Male 75%

Individual 56%

Children 35%

Senior 42%

Family 24%

Adult 23%

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STUDY OF HOMELSS POPULATION

THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT I WANTED THE CONCEPT TO BE SOMETHING THAT TALKS TO HOMELESS PEOPLE AND CURE THEM EMOTIONALLY. Here, I'd want to emphasise that the development of a place for homeless people should include another essential requirement: HOPE. This site focuses not only on offering them with a roof and food, but also on healing and preparing them mentally. And to that, I'd want to add a sensation called HOPE OF CURE, HOPE OF GROWTH, HOPE OF FIGHTING POVERTY. After several attempts and discussions, I came up with the term SWASTIKA. Swastika is a Sanskrit word that symbolises HOPE. And it is what I want for homeless people.

Providing a temporary shelter is not a long-term answer to preventing them from going out and sleeping on the streets. Here at the shelter, I've attempted to give them with a few fundamental activities that will help them motivate themselves to recognise their abilities and begin working toward a better life. The swastika is a sign of wealth and good fortune that may be seen all across the ancient and modern worlds. Swastika represents spirituality. The goal of swastika is to make this location spiritual and serene. A location where homeless individuals may come to live in an environment that inspires them by providing a glimmer of hope for a better tomorrow. Activity space Entrance

Parking

Housing

Center

Open courtyard

CONNECTION THROUGHOUT

Housing

Open courtyard Kitchen

FLOW OF ENERGY

Washroom

THE DIVISION USED FOR ARRANGEMENTS

The site is designed with the idea of movement along the lines of Swastik from the central point in mind. This will provide direct access to all of the site's many parts. The coaches are arranged in accordance with the frequency with which they are utilised. There are also open areas available for other activities such as NGOs visits, games, presentations, and meditation. For a quiet setting, a leisure space with a Gulmohar tree is erected.

HOPE & FORTUNE

SWASTIKA

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The Concept

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

UNDERSTNDING THE MOOD & MATERIAL

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MOOD & MATERIAL MOOD IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF DETERMINING WHAT MY DESIGN WILL LOOK LIKE, INCLUDING THE FEEL AND EMOTION OF THE DESIGN. As the shelter strives to provide a unique and refreshing atmosphere, I attempted to integrate a very biophilic setting. This is something that will aid in quick healing. The environment is intended to be a mix of recycled or upcycled materials from railways and natural elements. Materials like tracks, slippers, wheels, seats, springs, chair etc are upcycled into the space to make the space use maximum materials from the railways. The main effect added is by the coach which has its traditional colour and is standing between the trees and nature.

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MOOD BOARD

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MOOD & MATERIAL

USE OF COACH FOR HOUSING

The coaches are made of Iron with the metal putty and enamel paint finish.

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TRAIN COACH

ADOBE PLATES USED FOR ROOFINGS Adobe is an earth material which is being used over dining area to keep the area cool.

CONCRETE CHAIR USED FOR SITTINGS Concrete chairs are pre moulded structure which are assembled on site.

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MATERIALS USED

USED FOR FRAME WORKS

Metal tracks and sleepers are painted with enamel paints and can be found at many locations in my design.

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TRACK AND SLEEPERS

KOTA STONE USED FOR PATHWAY Kota stone is one of the strongest and climate free material. Kota stone slabs are place for walkways.

DESTROYED BRICKS USED UNDER COACHES

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MATERIALS USED

Destroyed bricks are easily accessible and they are very much cheaper compared to full bricks. The are placed under the coaches as it can not be visible and it can let waters go inside the surface of earth.

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LAYOUT PLAN

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ELECTRICAL ALIGNMENT LAYOUT

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ELECTRICAL LOOPING LAYOUT

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PLUMBING LAYOUT

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SEWAGE LAYOUT

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ELEVATIONS 62

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SECTIONS 63

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COACH DETAILS

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SECTION OF COACHES

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SECTION OF COACHES

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This trunk is specially designed to fit under the seats of the coach. The trunk has balls underneath which helps it in moving in and out. It has a locking system and it is tied from back to the body of the coach. While using the trunk does not have to come out completely which saves standing space in the lawn.

PRODUCT DETAILS

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The stairs to climb the coach has been modified. A little change in the structure will help in easy climbing and coming off the train while on regular basis use. Earlier the stairs where straight but now after modification it comes to become slant which helps in easy access.

PRODUCT DETAILS

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Coolers are attached to the vents in the interior. In one full size coach, only 2 coolers are placed. The water in the cooler are filled automatically with the same technique the water in the toilet flush is filled.

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Springs placed in the bougi is converted into stools which are placed in different locations in the designs

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PLEASE SCAN

3D & RENDERS

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Concrete Pipes Transformed Into Architectural Elements and Living Spaces | ArchDaily https://www.dezeen.com/2018/10/15/kengo-kuma-shipping-container-starbucks-coffee-shop-taiwanarchitecture/#:~:text=Japanese%20architect%20Kengo%20Kuma%20has,320%2Dsquare%2Dmetre%20cafe . https://www.archdaily.com/778972/the-circular-pavilion-encore-heureux-architects? ad_medium=widget&ad_name=navigation-next https://innovate.mygov.in/challenges/innovation-challenge-for-easy-accessibility-to-trains-from-low-levelplatforms/ https://www.agoda.com/the-train-resort/hotel/pattaya-th.html?cid=1844104 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgRjAaKLuOA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_AKYIPKh7M https://www.tripadvisor.in/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g319726-d8126710-i281626451Shaan_E_Bhopal_Rail_Restaurant-Bhopal_Bhopal_District_Madhya_Pradesh.html https://www.canva.com www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/StaticPages/StaticEnquiry.jsp?StaticPage=index.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/failure-to-provide-shelter-homeless-violates-right-to-life-article21karnataka-high-court171621#:~:text=If%20poor%20homeless%20in%20the,of%20the%20Constitution%20of%20India."

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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THE UPCYCLED HOME WE LCO ME BACK HOM E

SHUBHAM AGRAWAL LISAA SCHOOL OF DESIGN BANGALORE 17BIP014 AGRAWALSHUBHAM310@GMAIL.COM