STUDIO AIR 2016, SEMESTER 1, TUTOR CANHUI CHENG SHUJUN HAN 668383
Introduction
SHUJUN HAN I am a student studying Bachelor of Environments an majoring in architecture. At the beginning, i have a crush in interior design because specific materiality and spatial organization can contribute to the unique style, i believe this process is beneficial for stimulating creativity and cultivate open mind. Then I understand architecture as a outward expression. It looks general compare to interior design, but it still needs to incorporate the concepts to site and apply fuction appropriately, so it is a difficult and complex process. When I get to know architecture, everything is fresh, but now it becomes more and more difficult, i sometimes get lost and not just think of having fun but keeping making something. Then it will be boring and painful. When I get confused, i will appreciate my favourite architecture to get a sense of harmony which is the Church of the Light designed by Tadao Ando, this architecture is expression that abstract the relationship between architecture and nature and the integration is magic. The reinforced concrete structure and well controlled light effects shows strong contrast and gives a sense of mystery, solemnity, purity. This is why I like this, it always makes calm down, this is also the architecture that I met, so it means a lot to me .
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Furthermore, I like minimalism not only in architecture, but also in arts and many other aspects, i think it is an effective approach to transfer the message of simplicity, this type is very clear and simple, geometric strcuture without decoration will be the unique beauty. In architecture style, i really like modern to post modern architecture style, the transparency of glass, the solidity of concrete, the supporting structure of steel etc. After doing studio water, i was inspired by Rem Koolhooas’s design concepts, he likes to make the simple geometry become complex after spatial organization, such as Seattle Central Library, it is a typical work that form follows the function, the exterior follows interior. Each level is defined as different size so it contributes to an unqiue stretching form, the connectivity between different levels is also interesting and is worth learning. In all, all the previous design studios and other major subjects have given me a lot of inspiration, before choosing architecture as major, i knew nothing about architecture, architectures, or even design, right now I attempt to move forwards step by step, I think it will be a long journey but this journey is definitely valuable.
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A 01
http://www.flowers.ie/get-well-flowers/white-scented-lily-vase.html
DESIGN FUTURING DESIGN FUTURING PLACES DESIGN IN POLITIC FRAME WHEREIN IT IS REMADE IN ORDER TO BECOME THE FORCE FOR CHANGE THAT IT NEEDS TO BE. TONY FRY
FIG.1 DYNAMIC TOWER (ARCHITECT: DAVID FISHER)
Dynamic Tower is the first built rotating skyscraperin the world, as a revoltuionary design, the significance is huge, this changes the living patterns of people and shows that techonology will provide prossibilities for concepts to be realized. As showed in the figure 1 and 2, the form of the tower is rotating gradually, the outside appearance keeps changing, and the interior viewpoints are also different, which is very fresh experience for inhabitant, also to the site, the look is magic and shows a building a motion. the materials are all most prefabricated before construction with cauculation of computer procedures, so it saves time, labour and energy. David Fisher said that the technique of building a tower is from Egyptians then to Roman, but now it is manufacture in product facility, the instrurial era evolves a new living style benefits human and nature (Gedi Group, 2010). As a rotating tower, it still consumes a lot of energy, but specific approach is taken such as collecting the optimum power of wind and sun. wind turbines will be installed horizontally between the floors, thus aesthetic damage will be minimized, energy captured by the Dynamic Tower will be sent to Dubai’s power grip (Dubai Journal, March 17 2014),It is very ecofridendly and future-oriented. As a rotating skyscraper, it deals with potential energy problems and show a lot of future possibility. FIG.4 NO MAN’S LAND // DEAD SEA (ARCHITECT: PHU HOANG, HWA-SEOP LEE, RACHELY ROTEM)
FIG.2 DYNAMIC TOWER (AT THE SAME PLACE BUT AT DIFFERENT TIMES)
FIG.3 WIND TURBINE SYSTEM DIAGRAM
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This is an architecture that seems to exist between reality and possibility. It is designed to provide different views to individual apartment and the cost is supposed to huge. But David Fisher open up more possibilities when overcome challeges. The tower is of technological intelligence and also provides development of sustainment. Furthermore, compare to normal turbines, those it means the lifespan of this building is extended to some extent. This is a typical design of futuring architecture , as the fundamental quality is ensured and explore certain opportunities. It is situated to current circumstance and is also oriented to future. I think this design will continue to be appreciated because it turns probable and plausible ideas to possibility and finailly shifts to reality, this process itself deserves to be appreciated. It also gives inspiration to other rotating design, as we can see now, starting from Dubai, there are a lot of rotational architecture built or planned or in construction, actually it is applied in the world because it is not tradtional geometric form but very creative and magic.
This project is a conceptual design from Architectural Association’s Environmental Tectonics 2007 competition, which uses innovative approach to show how architecture can be part of multi-disciplinary solutions (Ali Kriscenski, June 16 2008). It stands in the middle of the Dead Sea. It is proposed to solve environmental issues with surrounding political influences. There is struggle about how to control resources, especially water. From environmental and political aspect, it is crucial to deal with this crisis to prevent Dead Sea from disapperaring and reduce different kinds of damage from the angle of architecture thinking. Artificial network has been applied to this island and creates unique and effective water recycle system. This system incorporates technological intelligence and is used to solve environment crisis. This project is not just about architecture, it is about a floating island complex, the biggest propose is to use scientific thinking to improve water and weather condition. It is significant for site and inhabitants as it provides beneficial solution in creative and feasible way.
The ecological system is relatively complicated inclduing multiple steps, seawater evaporation will increase the humidty in the zone and water molecules inside will be extracted and transformed into large volumes of distilled water. The captured water will then be reused again. In the fact, there are a lot of project focusing on natural resources, especially on water recycling, compare to those systems proposed, this is a bit different as incorprating the local climate condition, it is not just about water it self but treat them in a whole system, furthermore it combines more function such as tourism. Although this is not built I think it is still give inspiration to many other furture-oriented projects. This project contributes to sustainable development of natural resources and explores a lot of potential possibilities. As well known, the resources are not renewable but it can be recycled and reused again to avoid waste. We cannot predict the future but we can attempt to overcome challenges and make changes to current circumstances and explore new possible scenarios with the advance of technology and achitecture intelligence (MODU, 2009).
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HTTP://ARCHINEW.ALTERVISTA.ORG/2013/08/30/FINAL-ACT-OF-COMPUTATIONAL-DESIGN-BIOTHINGS-
A 02 DESIGN COMPUTATION THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECUTRE HAS BEGUN TO ENABLE A SET OF SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPST BETWEEN THE FORMULATION OF DESIGN PROCESSES AND DEVELOPING TECHONOLOGIES. RIVKA OXMAN AND ROBERT OXMAN
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FIG.6 GALAXY SOHO (ARCHITECT: ZAHA HADID)
Galaxy SOHO is a project to create an internal world reflecting the theme of the Chinese courtyard. It consists of five soft and malleable volumes with inter-connectivity, the general outlook is fluid, just like in montion. It is also inspired by Chinese terraced rice field. Computing used is to syntheise the natural landscape. It creates systematic, adaptive variation, continuous differentiation, and dynamic figuration (SOHO China, 2014).
VERTICAL FASCIA PRODUCTION MODEL
FIG.5 INHABITABLE BRIDGE IN TOKYO (ARCHITECT: DAVID EATON AND MICHAEL WETMORE)
This living bridge is conceptual design that connects Ginza and Tsukishima these two residential neighbourhoods and discrete flows. The design process includes identifying moving patterns, modelling interactions, organizing paths and testing connectivity (eVolo, July 13 2011), this calculation process is developed by computation to be accurate and also allow further changes. Because the currrent moving pattern including all the interactions is modelled by computer, it is easy to change the process part and export the different forms, computing can have positive effects on the design and modelling process. shows a new fluidity of connectivity and ‘formlessness’. The entire appearance is idealogical, conceptual and of complexity. The diagram above indicates the transformation process from linear to nonlinear. This changes the simple geometric form.
Then complexity is developed gradually within allowance. I think this form focuses more on structre than form, because advance in representational techology provides possibilities for creating different design methods and outputs. Through computation, changes in the process can be proceeded. Furthermore, for the tectonic system, current materials and technology such as digital fabrication contribute to the realization of complexity, also boosts the evolution of digital architecture. Therefore, computing brings a lot of ongoing and incoming changes. Different from traditional approach, this is more efficient and accurate, allowing techonological creativity. Computation in this design project is important for allowance of digital modelling of interactions and transformation from geometries to complexity. It provides opportunities and encourage innovation.
SETTING OUT OF THE PANELS BY FLOOR LEVELS
AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED SHEET INCLUDING PANELS AND SET OUT 10
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The whole design process is not determined by computation, it is computerized in modelling part which is very significant to the whole design process. In the first diagram, it can be seen that this model is overlaying different layers of parametric models on top of each other, all the layers respond to the geometric updates. Galaxy SOHO model is developed by Maya Subdivision Surface Model, which ensures constructibility for fabrication. It fits developable geometry to a predefined defined shape. It means that general shape definition is already given, detailed surface needs to be further applied. This model also allows modifications during the design process. Then the construction wil be based on the rule gived by digital model (Achim Menges, Jan 23 2012). In this project, computation is significant for modelling and constructions, although the beginning is not started by computing. Computerization is now commonly applied in the upstream design process, because parametric design will allow modications easily, especially when design comes to the modelling and construction part. It brings a lot of changes to design and construction industry as technology is developed at a high speed, it gives accurate calculation and save time and labour. Generally it is very efficient.It also affects the geometries, it is no longer constrained by simple geometries as computation can bring more possibilities to design curvilinear, irregular and many other forms. Zaha’s fluid movement is realized by computation. It encourages innovation and supports high quaility performance. CONCEPTUALISATION 11
http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948
A 03 COMPOSITION/ GENERATION GENERATION IS DESIGN THAT POCEEDS BY COMPUTATION WITH A SET OF RULES IN PROGRAMS, COMPOSITION IS DESIGN BY HUMAN EFFORTS, IT OFFEN CONSIDER THE PROPORTION FOR BEAUTY. NOT JUST APPLIED IN ARCHITECTURE, BUT ALSO IN ARTS...
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STRUCTURE OF WEAIRE PHELAN FOAM
FIG.7: BEIJING NATIONAL AQUATICS CENTER, WATER CUBE (ARCHITECT: PTW ARCHITECTS, CSCEC, CCDI, AND ARUP)
CONCEPT DESIGN USING WEAIRE PHELAN FOAM
CAD MODEL OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
THE ENTRY SHOWING DETAIL OF THE FACADE DESIGN 14
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This project attends competition for the 2008 Olympic Swimming Centre, It is an innovative and future-oriented design. A continuous skin of soap bubbles is selected to cover the walls and the roof, about connectivity between bubbles, it uses minmal material by applying Weaire Phelan Foam to avoid secondary structure. In computer program,they did infinite array of foam which is oriented in a particular way for constructing the geometry of the structure of our building, and a block equal to the size of our building was carved out. Steel structure is designed also by CAD to support those soap bubbles, the steel structure basically follows the shape of soap bubbles, but it is laterly modified in CAD about how to lay out the whole structure (Archive, 2006). In the test period, they build an accurate physical model of a number of structural members and panels. Those materials are all fabricated the manufacturing and automobile industries, which increases the work efficiency to a high extent. They use CAD modelling and the data translation for a structural model. When the model is out, it is proved impossible to manually select the size of all the structural elements and obtain a rigid structure. Thus they developed new software to automatically select the member sizes through an iterative optimization process. Then the problem is successfully solved. Within a whole automated process, one programme generated the entire geometry, the structural optimization process, model convertion (Archive, 2006). Obviously, the design process that apply computation is very efficient, it will allow changes including light modifications and also transition to different softwares. It saves time to start over. But compare to other parametric design, the form tends to be a bit regular because usually it is very creative and appearance is magic, generative design needs a set of rules to start, maybe rules in this practice indicate the clear direction, and the remaining thing is to calculate and analyze using the software.
FIG.7: THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO (ARCHITECT: FRANK GEHRY)
This architecture designed by Frank Gehry is the most spectacular design, Gehry first envisioned the form through a simple freestyle hand sketch, but problem comes (Academy of Achievement, Feb 26 2010). This kind of gesture shapes is relatively difficult to built by handmade materials, at that time Gehry did the model with normal sheet materials, but it cannot be stable. The cost for building models is also expensive, especially for those needing double curvatures. Flattening and standardizing a design saves money, but for aesthetic purpose, it cannot be applied as architecture should be expression of complexity. In the 1990s, there is a second generation of “smart” digital design in architecture, Gehry used software to optimize designs and translate them directly into a process of fabrication and construction. This leads to significant changes to architecture. After Gehry won the contract to design a new Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, he started to test his design by computation. his team import the model data into CATIA, this data was resolved into parametric surfaces so that design and constructability could be digitally manipulated. Gehry believed that ‘digitally designed geometries could be executed much more efficiently with less redundancy’. Now it shifts from 2D to 3D construction, the computer has accurate and high quality performance, there is less mistake and it is easy to organize, thus it plays a more and more important role at the present time. In this project, Gehry uses hand and brain to develop the form, the appearance, the concepts, when coming to model part, there are complext issues to face, which starts the transformation GEHRY WRANGLES A PIECE OF CARDBOARD IN THE 2012 DOCUMENTARY from composition to generation. Different from compoistion, generation is operated by computer softwares, it is more efficient than hand work.
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A 04
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A 05 Conclusion
Learning outcomes
Part A includes three topic which are design futuring, design computation, composition/generation, those share common points like connection to technological advance, orientation to future, computation etc. To develop future, techonology is boost at a high speed. My intended design approach is to try absolutely parametric design, feel free to create any shapes. I think computation itself provides a lot of chances for us to explore possibilities, develop creativity. Parametric design is significant to architecture as it is representation of techonological advance, it shows a new type of innovation. This is efficient and allow modifications, which is very convenient. I think both architects, clients and users will benefit from that. Architecture can use this approach to develop ability of innovation, clients and users would like to see attractive, fluid, curvilinear and many other type of creative architectures rather than regular ones.
After learning the theory and practice of architecture computing, i was inspired by especially by those magic and attractive architecture, although some are just conceptual design, but it looks very fantastic and are of innovation. At the very beginning, i am confused about why do we need to learn theory of computing, like practice is more important, but now i do not think so. The theory part is easy to understand, and it is base for development of computation. Without learning, i will not know the difference between computation and computerization, also the difference between generation and composition. It is interesting that there is interlinkage. After learning of part A, i appreciated a lot of excellent work, it do gives me a lot of inspiration. Until now, I am still lack of creativity, I am always restricted with the rigid frame, regular shape, like cannot develop further, sometimes I want to do something crazy, but have no chance. This time I will attmpt to apply paramatric design, this is really magic!
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REFERENCE
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Achim Menges, ‘Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design’, Architecture design, 216 (2016), 100-101 Archive, ‘Engineering the water cube’ in Architecture AU ,<http://architectureau.com/articles/practice-23/> [accessed 17 March 2016] Academy of Achievement. ‘Rosa Parks Biography -- Academy of Achievement’ <http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/par0bio-1> [accessed 17 March 2016] Ali Kriscenski, ‘NO MAN’S LAND: Innovative Watertecture in the Dead Sea’, <http://inhabitat.com/no-mans-land-innovative-architecturein-the-dead-sea/> [assessed 05 march 2016] Dubai Journal, ‘A World First: The Dynamic Tower – a Rotating Skyscraper’ <https://dubaijournal.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/a-worldfirst-the-dynamic-tower-a-rotating-skyscraper/> [accessed 05 March 2016] Evolo, ‘Algorithmic Architecture: Inhabitable Bridge in Tokyo’, < http://www.evolo.us/architecture/algorithmic-architecture-inhabitablebridge-in-tokyo/ > [accessed 12 March 2016] Gedi Group, ‘Rotating Tower - Dynamic Architecture: the “fourth industrial revolution” - Prefabrication’<http://designplaygrounds.com/ projects/designing-an-installation-using-computational-design-tools/> Lian Chang, ‘The Software Behind Frank Gehry’s Geometrically Complex Architecture’ in Priceconomics, <http://priceonomics.com/thesoftware-behind-frank-gehrys-geometrically/> [accessed 17 March 2016] ModuArchitecture, ‘No Man’s Land // Dead Sea’ <http://www.moduarchitecture.com/No-Man-s-Land-Dead-Sea> [accessed 17 March 2016] SOHO China, ‘Design & Architecture’ <http://galaxysoho.sohochina.com/en/design> [accessed 12 March 2016]
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