／字形與字體 基本用語
字體設計師訪問 ——
書籍推介 —— 小林章 《 歐 文字體 》 、《 字 形之不可思議 》
March. 2015
特別專欄
柯熾堅 ／字形與生活的關係
Garamond Bodoni
經典字形介紹
黑體、明體
HKD ＄35
／字體的濫用
01 No.
／字體復刻
Blogger 太公
種 字 ／如何選字形 ？
「 記 跟 字 活 朋 友 執 字 粒 —— 新昇喜帖印務 」
The Seeds
字體與字形的
尋
根
探
索
編者的話 這是一個印刷使用的雜誌為中國和英國的類型。擁有印刷 學術報價，新聞和圖像，以及新聞源給你帶來靈感。
Editors’ words It's a typographics magazine for both Chinese and English types. Featuring typographic academic quotations, news and imagery as well as journalistic sources to bring you inspirations.
種 字
The Seeds
也是他的詩。也是你的詩
向也斯致意
畫一句、讀一首 彈一闕、唱一曲 詩
野餐、音樂、詩。
吃一段、印一頁
三月三十日
香港大學開心公園
你也來
0
／目錄
08 ／封面故事 —— 活字印刷 Cover story printing press
目錄
「 記跟字活朋友 執字粒 —— 新昇 喜帖印務 」
Content
5 50 ／字體的濫用 Abuse of Font
康熙 字典體
06
1
2
22 ／字體學 基本用語 Basic terms of typography
32 ／經典字形介紹 Introduce of classic type
fi fl ff ffl ff
Garamond & Bodoni 黑體 明體
連字
3 40 ／字體設計師訪問 Interview of Font Designer
46 ／字形與生活的關係 Relationship of Type & Life
柯熾堅 Sammy Or
Hong Kong MTR Godiva Lindt Dean & Deluca Piepre Marcolini Louis Vuitton Dior
6 59 ／字體復刻 Type Revive
金陵 今田欣一 浙江民間書刻體 應永會
7 66 ／如何選字形 How to choose a type
4
Content
8 78 ／字母冷知識 Type cool facs
9 80 ／字形書籍推介 Books Recommendations
《 歐文字體 》 《 字形之不可思議 》
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／目錄
06
／目錄
博客
Blogger
／簡介
我平素喜歡舊物，喜歡老香港，也念舊。在地產霸權的淫威下， 自己的回憶，一點一點地消失淨盡；我不忍心，也因此希望能 一盡綿力，在回憶消失以前，把他們統統記錄下來。也希望 能一盡綿力，為他們作些微的宣傳之效。 所以，開了一個專門介紹香港老店的博客；希望多和老店的 店員或老闆聊聊， 將他們的故事記錄下來；因為他們的故事， 都是成就今日香港的一個重要部份，只是往往被遺忘了。
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I usually like old things, like the old Hong Kong, but also nostalgic. At the mercy of the real estate hegemony, their memories, little by little disappear net to make. I can not bear, and thus hoping to do to help one, before the memories disappear, put them all recorded. One also hopes to do to help, as they make a slight effect of publicity. So, open up a special presentation of Hong Kong’s old Blog; I hope more and old clerk or boss talk, their stories will be recorded; because their stories are an important part of Hong Kong’ s success today, but often been
逐粒字粒逐粒執，記 ， 跟字活朋友執字粒 —— 新昇喜帖印務
太公
Introduction
活字印刷
‘
Content
forgotten.
07
t
封面故事 曾經在台北，去日星鑄字行逛了一圈；一行又 一行整整齊齊，分上不同字體和大小的鉛字， 何其壯觀。日星鑄字行是台灣碩果僅存的鑄字 行，也在「虧錢苦撐」。在生活節奏更急速的 香港，活字印刷的空間更小。據「字活」的朋 友說，最後一家鑄字行永成鑄字所，早在九十 年代已經結業。 活字印刷的空間小，但猶幸有一班有心人，組 織了「字活」，用心地將已結業的上水大志印 刷的活字粒和活字印刷機「救」回來，細心保 養再推廣。也許這些物事，到了數碼印刷盛行 的今日，已無甚利用價值 —— 數碼印刷又快 又美觀，誰會用活字印刷？但幸好香港就是有 這些有心人，珍重我們曾經擁有的文化，希望 為這些被節奏遺忘的物事，多做些推廣。說起 來，我們的生活又何需如此的快呢？ 位於元朗的新昇喜帖印務，老闆梁師傅怕七月 業主會大幅加租，到時不能續約，又捨不得陪 伴他們接近三十年的活字粒，於是，未雨綢 繆，請「字活」的朋友先行 . 幫手搬走字粒； 「字 活」在網上徵義工，太公也就此去應徵，體驗 半日執字粒生涯。
around the circle; his entourage line neatly divided on the type of different fonts and sizes, How spectacular. Star cast of characters is Taiwan’ s only remaining line of cast word lines are “struggling to lose money.” In a more rapid pace of life, typography less space. According to the “ living word,” the friend said, the last words cast a line into the cast of characters are forever, back in the nineties has been closed down. Small movable type of space, but still fortunate to have a group of caring people, organized a “ living word, ” attentively ambition would have been closed down Sheung Shui grain type and movable type printing machine “ save ” back, careful maintenance remarketing. But fortunately, Hong Kong is to have them off, we had a cultural treasure and hope to these forgotten rhythm of some kind, do more promotion.
活字印刷
Once in Taipei, Star cast of characters to the line
逐粒字粒逐粒執，記 ， 跟字活朋友執字粒 —— 新昇喜帖印務
Cover Story
Content
All in all, why should we live so fast ? Yuen Long New liter invitations Printing boss beam master owners fear will be a significant increase in rent in July, when it is not renewed, they could not bear to accompany them close to three decades of grain type, so plan ahead, please, “ the word alive ”.
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／封面故事 —— 活字印刷
逐粒、逐粒 慢慢執 我的任務是將英文架上的字粒逐格執下來，分 開每格劃分包好，做好記認是那一格執出來 的；那個英文架大約只有 3 呎乘 2 呎大，但 執起上來絕不簡單；字粒一粒一粒， 很小， 因為很容易損壞，要 handle with care，跌一 跌隨時撞崩，所以最穩陣還是逐粒逐粒執出來 放上「字的」。 不執猶自可，一執方發現自己還是太習慣急速 的節奏；要逐粒逐粒執真的很花時間很花功 夫，不如一次執兩三粒？但字粒實在小，一次 執幾粒，很容易跌落。這些字粒可是丟失損壞 了，就少一個，不能重造 ( 如前所述，香港最 後一家鑄字行早已結業 )； 最後，還是乖乖地 投降，逐粒逐粒慢慢執。
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Cover Story — Printing press
Slowly Selected by grain-by-grain My task is to put the English word tablets shelf execution by frame down, wrapped separately each cell division, do remember to recognize is that the grid execution out; the English stand only about 3 feet by 2 feet large, but hold up up not simple; a one word tablets, small, because it is easy to damage, to handle with care, fall down at any time hit a collapse, the most stable grain-by-grain array or by executive put it“ the word ”.
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／封面故事 —— 活字印刷
我們的生活， 其實不用 那麼快吧 ？
不執猶自可，一執方發現自己還是太習慣急速 的節奏；要逐粒逐粒執真的很花時間很花功 夫，不如一次執兩三粒？但字粒實在小，一次 執幾粒，很容易跌落。這些字粒可是丟失損壞 了，就少一個，不能重造 ( 如前所述，香港最 後一家鑄字行早已結業 )； 最後，還是乖乖地 投降，逐粒逐粒慢慢執。 這一刻，方察覺自己耐性其實很少 - 是我們都 好像沒這樣的耐性 - 我們都被這個社會調教成 講求效率，速度，不經不覺地，然後，會嫌執 字粒、或是一些人手造的物事太慢太慢。恐 怕，是一個又一個「被調教了」的自己，造成 這些傳統手藝的沒落。 逐粒逐粒執字粒時，方深感受到，生活中的一 些美好，如這些精緻的字粒，每次都可能有不 同效果的活字印刷，得要慢，放慢腳步，才能 體會。 店內兩位梁師傅坐鎮，分別是四兄弟中的老三 和老四；早年跟從大哥二哥入行，再之後，在 元朗找到舖位開了自己的印刷店 —— 「新昇 喜帖印務」，梁師傅們都記得，那是 1985 年， 開業，近三十載了。現時大哥和二哥相繼退下 火線，老三和老四仍留守在新昇。 16
Cover Story — Printing press
Zi can not be performed , an executive party found themselves still too accustomed to the rapid pace; to be executed by grain by grain really takes a lot of effort to spend time, as one executive twenty-three? But the word is really small grains, a few grains of execution, it is easy to fall. At this moment, in fact, very few parties perceive their own patience — we are the social tone Norinari, efficiency, speed, unknowingly ground, then, will perform a character too, or some staff made of some kind too slow is too slow. When grain by grain by grain Zhi Zi Fang deep feeling, the life of some of the good, as these delicate word tablets, each may have a different effect of movable type, was to slow, slow pace, can appreciate.
Our lives, In fact, not so fast, right?
Two beam master store sits, are the youngest of four brothers and a fourth of; early followers to join brother, brother printers can work in Tsuen Wan, and then have the youngest fourth of the line, and then later, in Yuen find shops opened his own print shop — the “ new invitations printing, ”
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／封面故事 —— 活字印刷
新昇喜帖印務 地址：元朗西堤街泰豐街交界 開業年份：1985
梁師傅說，初開舖時還有行活字印刷，所以留
也許，在整個社會「被調教」成講求速度，追
有不少活字，印咭片印喜帖印收據，連那些空
求完美之時，要年青人入行以活字印刷糊口，
格，都是用活字字粒印出來的，九十年代時，
實在困難；但猶幸還有一班有心的年青人，在
還流行用圖案咭片作底，再印字上去作咭片
別人眼中或許是傻子，願意盡一分力，保存這
呢！
些陪伴師傅多年的字粒，努力將活字文化傳承 下去。
但近十年已少人用活字印刷，非常的小，加上 因為字粒耗損，或會出現不均勻的現象，客人
感激梁師傅們守住活字印刷文化多年，也感激
或許會不滿意，不過， 梁師傅笑道。
「字活」的朋友，努力將這個對人類文化發展 相當重要的文化，保存下去，也藉著不同的活
執一小格的字粒，至少用上 20 分鐘；那以前
動，推廣予更多的朋友認識活字文化。
要執成份報紙那豈不要用上一整天 . . . 梁師傅
看著梁師傅的得意之作，一些空白單據， 這
說，以前執報紙字粒，有好多人執，每人分上
些單據總是平平無奇，看似垂手可得，但其
一篇報導分頭去執。 大家都熟手，知道要的
實，都是不少印刷師傅們努力的成果。
字放那裏，合力分頭去做，好快就執好一版， 實在是神似其技！ 不過執字粒傷神，那沒有後生入行嗎？有人入 行就不止是兩位梁師傅坐鎮 - 更甚的是字粒現 已經少用了。當其中一位梁師傅正帶點唏噓嘆 一口氣時，另一梁師傅興奮地拍照， 開心地 道 ： 「嘩！好呀，有好多後生仔女幫我哋手執 字粒！」開心的語調，頓時令室內氣氛又活潑 起來。
18
是時候放慢腳步， 學會欣賞更多。 更多因著走得 太匆匆而被忘卻 的物事和人情。
Cover Story – Printing press
It is time to slow down and learn to appreciate more .
More because of being forgotten in a hurry to go too some kind and human.
Liang said the master, at first there are shops that line
this question also superfluous, it was on the line more
of movable type, it left a lot of movable type, printed
than two beam master sits. What is more, a character
invitations printed Jipian printed receipt, even those
now has little use. When one of the beam master be-
spaces are printed with movable type a character. In
ing a little sigh sigh, another beam master excited to
1990s, it has become popular Jipian with a pattern
take pictures, happy authentic: Wow! Okay, there are
for the end, and then print it on the Card Holder !
a lot of help epigenetic earners holding a character , there Ganduo beauties helper Yeah, really okay! Hap-
But over the past decade has been less people using
py tone, suddenly make up the indoor atmosphere is
movable type , is very small. “Well acridine slow but
lively .
good trouble executing a character frame. Because the word tablets plus wear and tear, or there will be
Perhaps, in the community as a whole “is tuned ” to
uneven phenomenon , the guests might not satisfied,”
emphasis on speed, the pursuit of the perfect time
beam master laughed.
to join young people living with movable type, it is difficult; but fortunately there are still a group of
Perform a small cell of a character, spend at least 20
determined young people, perhaps a fool in the eyes
minutes; that used to be a newspaper executive in-
of others, willing to do a component, save for years
gredients to spend a whole day it would mean beam
to accompany the master word tablets, hard type of
master said, before executing the newspaper word
cultural heritage will continue .
tablets , there are a lot of people executed, divided on the person a report separately to perform. Confirmed
Liang grateful chefs hold movable type culture for
everyone know where you want to put words, force
many years, but also grateful “ living word ” friend,
separately to do, so fast you execute a good one ver-
this effort is very important for the development of
sion, it is quite similar to their skills !
human culture, cultural, save it, but also by the different activities to promote awareness of more friends I
But trouble executing a character that no young man
type culture .
to join it? Unhesitatingly asked it, but ask yourself 19
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捕獲野生的字體： 一起來
# 字拍
上街的時候拍字體，傳說中的「抬頭族」，現 在有一項非常有趣的任務，我們可以一起完 成：把街上字體的相片上傳到 instagram，加 上 # 字拍 這個標籤，打開地圖功能，我們就 可以一同建立字體街道圖！
21
字體學 基本用語 連 字
／字體學 基本用語 —— 連字
ff; 連字就是將兩個以上的文字，設計成一個文字 符號。一般來說，用於內文的羅馬體，都是與 相鄰文字的某個部分來做相連的處理。如果 不做連文書處理的話，就會像圖中的 fi 跟 fl 一 樣，結成黑塊不好看。倘使兩個字母的頂端疊 在一起，形成黑塊的話內文排版的韻律感就會 顯得雜亂，所以連字的目的就在於，能夠讓整 體看起來比較俐落。但是也不能太過刻意，否 則內文的排版上就會顯得不夠自然，而難以融 入其中。是 fi 和 fl 的連字。 有些排版軟體遇到 f 和 i 或是 f 和 l 等字母組 合時，會自動變換為連字。如此便利的技術 聽起來很先進，然而在 500 年前的金屬活字時 代，已經有連字了。這是於 1502 年的印刷品 裡，所出現的 fi 連字。原來在活字印刷還未盛 行以前，就會以手寫方式來做連字的處理。 我認為在手寫時如此考量的原因是，這樣才不 會破壞運筆的韻律感，而且不會讓墨水過於集 中在某個部位。在無襯線體的設計上，像 f 和 i 本來就不容易疊在一起，所以有許多的無襯 線體，即使做了連文書處理，也不會產生任何 相連的變化。
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symbol. In general, the Roman for the text, are connected to do deal with a part of the adjacent text. Even if you do not do word processing, it would be like figure with fl fi same form ugly black block. Sense of rhythm in the top two letters would help if stacked together to form a black block, then the text will look cluttered layout, so even the word purpose is able to make the overall look more tidy. Some typesetting software encountered “f ” and “i”, or a combination of letters “f ” and “l” are automatically converted into ligatures. It sounds so convenient technology is very advanced, but in the era of metal movable type 500 years ago , there have been a ligature. It was printed in 1502, the “fi” ligature emerged. The original typography has not prevailed in the past, will be to do handwriting ligature treatment. I think the handwriting is so considered when reason is so as not to destroy the rhythm brush, but do not let the ink is too concentrated in one area. In the design of the sans serif faces, like “f ” and “i” should not have easily stacked together, so there are many nonserif, even if done even word processing, it will not produce any change linked.
字體學
基本用語 連 字
Ligatures is more than two words, designed as a text
／字體學 基本用語 —— 連字
在《西洋字型》裡也曾提過，連字在西洋排 版上是屬於「身為專家所不能欠缺的最低條 件」。尤其在英國圈，若是沒有如此處理的話， 可是會被當做外行人的。在美國某個比賽的審 查，我就被審查委員如此叮嚀過。當下的反應 是覺得好嚴格啊！由於連字造型的設計感讓人 著迷，所以多數字型設計師會特別花心思於連 字的設計。我在閱讀書本時，比起內容總會忍 不住特別注意這些小細節，因為那是設計師最 精彩的本領所在。 除了「ff」和「fi」以外，還有「gy」等連字。 最近較少看到的 gy 連字，過去的金屬活字字 型裡，這類連字的能見度其實不低。在我設計 的 CLIFFORD LTALIC 字型裡，也有加入這樣 的連字。左邊是未經連文書處理的狀態，右邊 則是經過連文書處理的變化。 看到有人如此用心使用我所做的字型，讓人很 感欣慰。當然，不做連字的處理也能閱讀文 章，所以網路信件或者商用書信的往來，就不 需要如此講究。連字是專業設計師在正式排版 時所必須注意的東西，一般情況下就不必考量 太多了。
26
Western typesetting ligatures belong “As a minimum condition is not lacking in experts.” Due to the shape of the design sense ligature fascinating, so most font designers will be particularly bother to ligature design. I read the books when compared to the contents of the Federation can not help but pay particular attention to these small details, because that is where the designer of the most exciting skills. In addition to “ff ” and “fi”, and “gy” etc. ligatures. Recently seen less gy ligatures, past the metal type word Type, the kind of ligatures is not really low visibility. In my design CLIFFORD LTALIC font where there join such ligatures. The left is not even the word processing state, the right is the result of a change even word processing. It was so hard to see I did use the font, people are feeling pleased. Of course, not even the word processing is also able to read the article, so the correspondence between the Internet or commercial letters, so you do not need to pay attention. Ligatures are professional designers in the formal layout must pay attention to things, in general, is not compulsory amount too much.
字體學
In the “Western fonts” in also mentioned in the
基本用語 連 字
ff
／字體學 基本用語 —— 連字
在英文圈和法語圈，若是遇到像 fi 或是 fl 等，
做為 MONOTYPE CASLON 原型的 CASLON
以 f 為首的組合時，毫無例外，一定會使用連
活 字 字 型， 於 18 世 紀 是 什 麼 樣 子？ 我 的
字。但是這種情況在德語圈裡，卻不能同日而
書 櫃 裡 有 一 本 1771 年 的 出 版 品， 裡 面 附 錄
語。這是金屬活字字型 ALDUS。在連字的處
CASLON 鑄。
理上，排便工有兩種不同的做法。 字行的字型樣本，竟然找不到「短 S」和 t 的 雖然「OBERFLACHE」有做連字處理，但是
st 連字。請仔細觀察內文裡的第二行，位於疑
「AUFLAGEN」裡面的 f 和 l 卻是分開的。這
問符號前面的單字「NOSTRA」。
是因為德國的排版有有另外一套規則。由於 「AUFLAGEN」是以 AUF 跟 LAGEN 兩個不
在當時，與「f」非常相像的「長 s」和「短 s」
同單字所結合而成，所以在此情形下，即使 f
其實有著使用上的分別。請仔細注意「長 s」
和 l 相鄰，也不會使用連字。
的橫線 , 並沒有往右邊凸出來 , 而「短 s」則是 用於單字的結尾。所以這裡的連字就是「長 s」
請教德國熟練的活版排版工後，發現這類的案
和 t 的 st 連字，而這個「instructed」的單字裡，
例其實不少。這些規則和清單已經深深烙印在
竟然同時出現了兩個連字。也就是說，這個字
他們的腦海裡了。
型本身就沒有「短 s」和 t 的 st 連字。「長 s」 到了 19 世紀末期，幾乎完全絕跡。但在某些
還有一種是 ct 和 st 的連字，這一點也加入我 所 設 計 的 字 型 CLIFFORD 中。 不 過 這 類 的 連字，在意義上偏向裝飾的作用，於一般內 文的排版較不常看到。這是我定期訂閱的書 《MATRIX》， 內 文 全 部 都 是 以 MONOTYPE CASLON（金屬活字）排版而成。這本書裡面 看得到 ct 的連字，而圖片正中央「justice」中 的 st 卻沒有做連文書處理。
28
字型裡，有加入跟「長 s 」。
Basic terms of typography – Ligatures
In English and French circle circle, as if experiencing
As MONOTYPE CASLON prototype CASLON
fi or fl so when combined with f-led, without excep-
type font, what it was like in the 18th century ?
tion, will use ligatures. But this case in German cir-
My bookcase has a 1771’ s publications, which cast
cles, but not in the same language. This is the metal
CASLON appendix .
type font ALDUS. On the ligature processing, defecation, there are two different approaches work.
Font sample word line, could not find “short-s” and t st ligatures. Please carefully observe the text in
Although “OBERFLACHE” do not even have a
the second row, in front of the doubt symbol word
word, but “AUFLAGEN” inside f and l is separate.
“NOSTRA”.
This is because Germany has had another set of rules for typesetting. Because “AUFLAGEN” AUF with
At the time, the “f ” is very similar to the “long-s” and
LAGEN is the combination of two different words,
“shorts”. In fact, have each use. Please pay careful attention to the “long-s” in the horizontal line , and not
After the advice of skilled German workers letterpress
to the right of the bulge, while “short-s” is the word
typesetting, in fact, many find this type of case. These
for the end. So here’ s a ligature is the “long-s” and t
rules and the list has been deeply imprinted in their
st ligatures, and this “instructed” in the word, even
minds up.
while there were two ligatures. In other words, the font itself is no “short-s”and t st ligatures. “Long-s” to
There is also a ct and st ligatures, which is also de-
the end of the 19th century, almost completely disap-
signed to join me in font CLIFFORD. This is my
peared. But in some fonts, there is added with “long-s”.
regular subscription book “MATRIX”, within the text are all in MONOTYPE CASLON (metal type) typesetting together. This book is seen inside ct ligatures, while the center of the picture, “justice” in the st did not do even word processing.
29
TypeMeet Dave Crossland and Thomas Phinney 13 March at 18:00 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, TU201 Cheung On Tak Lecture Theatre, Hung Hom http://typemeet002.eventbrite.hk/
30
字體聚
31
06
經典字介紹 明體
07
當漢字 碰上印刷 適合長篇閱讀的內文，舉凡報紙、小說，幾乎 用的都是明體。中文字體粗略地要分兩大類， 可以分為書法字體與印刷體。舉凡楷書、隸 書、行書、草書，從王羲之到歐陽詢，從張旭 到顏真卿，凡拿著毛筆寫出來的字體，就是書 法體。而明體、黑體這些方方正正的字體，就 是印刷體了。 印刷體之中，明體又是歷史罪悠久的。自從隸 屬以來，無論楷書、行書還草書，漢字一直是 以毛筆書寫的。即使在唐朝印刷術發明後，一 開始印刷物上所刻的，當然也是毛筆所寫的。 即使在唐朝印刷術發明後，一開始印刷物上所 刻的，當然也是毛筆所寫的楷書。古人拿特別 薄的宣紙，書寫好內文後，反面貼在木板上， 再由雕刻師傅挖掉沒有墨跡的地方，這就是最 初雕版印刷的模式。 進入宋朝，印刷業空前蓬勃。印刷的盛行，對 社會帶來極大的影響。史料紀載，宋朝民間私 刻的書籍，要價只需以往的手抄書的十分之 一；使庶民更有機會接觸知識，也使得千餘年 的科舉制度得以穩固。宋朝的識字率，也是史 上特別高的。除了書籍之外，第一個印行紙鈔 的也是宋朝，至於最後印到通貨膨漲而滅國， 就不繼續多談了。 06
經典字介紹
明體
For lengthy reading of the text , covered the newspapers, novels, almost all with Ming. Chinese fonts roughly be divided into two categories, can be divided into calligraphy font and printed. Jufan regular script, official script, running script, cursive, from Wang to Ouyang Xun, Zhang Xu from the Yen Chen, who took a brush to write out of the font, calligraphy is the body. The Ming blackbody these square font is printed up. Printed among Ming is a long history of crime. Since membership, regardless of regular script, running script also cursive, writing Chinese characters has been based on a brush. Even after the invention of printing the Tang Dynasty , the beginning engraved on the printed matter, of course, written by brush. Even after the invention of printing the Tang Dynasty, the beginning engraved on the printed matter, of course, regular script written by brush. Take the ancients particularly thin rice paper, after writing the text is good, negative posted on board, and then dig up the carving master where no ink, this is the first block printing mode.
07
要支撐這麼龐大的印刷量，刻版職人們也愈來 愈專業。本來是先書寫再照著墨跡刻的，到後 來就乾脆徒手刻反字了。為了雕刻時的方便， 直線比書法彎曲的線條要好刻地多，一直到明 初時期，逐漸形成了一種橫筆細、筆粗的字體， 與傳統的書法字體截然不同。這就是明體了。 「有明中葉寫書匠改為方筆，非顏非歐，已不 成字 」—— 清 錢泳
06
經典字介紹
明體
To support such a large amount of printing , lithography post more and more professional people. Could have been the first to write another shining moment of ink, that later simply carved by hand against the word of. To facilitate the carving when, straight lines are better than the calligraphy carved to bend more, until the early Ming period, and gradually formed a fine cross pen, pen thick font, font different from traditional calligraphy. This is a clear body . 「有明中葉寫書匠改為方筆，非顏非歐，已不 成字 」—— 清 錢泳
07
明體雖然筆畫趨向方正，但它或多或少，還保 有著很多楷書的痕跡。如撇畫由粗變細、轉折 處與勾起畫的力道，都藏著書法運筆的影子。 均質化的造型提高了閱讀性，筆畫間卻能同時 保有漢字本該有的力道，這也許是明體勾起中 文閱讀者心理情感的重要因素吧。明體還有一 個特徵是，隨著字重的增加，主要變化的是直 筆的粗細，而橫畫幾乎不變。而多數的漢字， 橫畫比直畫多；明體橫細直粗的明體，不會因 為橫畫太多而讓文字顯得過擠。另外，在刻字 版毀損、反覆影印，使得文件逐漸模糊的情況 下，明體通常仍可保有極佳的識別性。 明體不是只有新細明體 但是，或許太多人對明體的印象侷限在新細明 體的窠臼，總覺得「明體不就是那樣嗎？」， 或許就是因為明體太理所當然了，反而容易忽 略了它。其實，明體可以嚴肅也可以溫柔，可 以古典也可以新潮，種類相當豐富。
06
經典字介紹
明體
印刷 的第一選
Although strokes tend Ming Founder, but it more or less, but also has a lot of regular script traces of Paul. Such as skimming from coarse to fine art, paintings evoke the turning point of the force, are hidden in the shadow of calligraphy brush. Homogenization modeling improves readability, while able to retain between strokes of Chinese characters that some of this force, this may be an important factor in Ming evoke Chinese readers psychological emotional now. Ming Another feature is that with the increase of the word weight, the major change is straight pen thickness, while the horizontal painting almost constant. Ming Type is not only the new thin But perhaps too many people the impression of Ming confined stereotype XiMing new body, always feel “ Ming is not that so? ” Perhaps it is because the body is too bright for granted, but it is easy to overlook. In fact, Ming can also be gentle seriousness, can also be classical fashion, the species is abundant.
07
／目錄
40
開方講堂
講者：陳曦成先生 語言：粵語
三聯書店與 Open Quote 共同推出的全新「開
主辦單位：JP x Open Quote
方講堂」，旨在通過系統的講授，輔以多媒體
名額：12
表述、實地考察及親身體驗等互動形式，以提 升學員的藝術鑒賞力、流行文化的敏感度、香 港歷史文化的認知，及對生活品質與創意的追 求。Open Quote 是集自家原創設計、世界各 地文創產品、書籍唱片及展覽活動於一身的多 元平台，坐落於中環 PMQ 元創方 S401 室。
41
／特別專欄 —— 字體設計師訪問
In font design over two decades, the industry has gone through the process from scratch in Hong Kong, also witnessed the creation of the computer several stages of development of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan Four font design and marketing experience rich, unique views .
字體設計師訪問 柯熾堅 —— 黑體 Sammy Or Gothic 從事字體設計超過二十年，經歷了這個 行業在香港從無到有的過程，也見證了 電腦造字的幾個發展階段，對中、港、 台和日本四地的字體設計和市場，經驗 豐富，看法獨到。他特別不滿這麼多年 來字體設計始終在香港沒有位置，許多 知識都不為人所知。做字在別人看來很 沉悶，他卻不覺得，反而很喜歡。
42
Type Designer Interview — Sammy Or
「 當時因為沒有人做過，所以走這條路特別辛 苦。錯了以後才知道是什麼。慢慢學。當時是 錯了再修正、錯了再修正。」 “At the time because no one has done , so go down this road especially hard. Wrong then know what it is. Slowly learning. Was wrong again amended , corrected wrong again .”
43
／特別專欄 —— 字體設計師訪問
傳說古時候人們對倉頡造出來的文字十分崇 敬，一個個文字完成了它的使命後，會拿到 「惜字亭」焚化，文字變作一隻隻蝴蝶飛往天 宇，回到倉頡神的身邊，向他訴說芸芸眾生對 文字感恩的動人故事。香港理工大學設計學院 廖潔連教授訪談了十二名字體設計人，讓我們 看到當代中國為數不多的「倉頡」們為創造美 的字體，一生堅持，默默耕耘，為的是給人們 留下閱讀文字之美的感受。是否想過，當你我 在閱讀之時，這一顆顆承載著語言與思想的印 刷「字」，在來到紙張上前、每一種字體被設計 出來之前，背後訴說了什麼不為人知的故事？ 你當初怎樣開始做字？ 只是一個巧合，那時候香港根本沒有字體設計 這行業。我本身學設計，當時香港很缺乏設計
那麼你是到地鐵公司才開始設計字體？
學院，理工都還沒開辦，我就在大一學院讀了 三年，一邊讀一邊工作。那時已經覺得自己並
商業的設計公司不太重視字體，不重視行距、
不是很喜歡商業，做 paste-up artist 時反而有興
字距、揀字款。後來加入地鐵公司 MTR，是
趣字體設計和排版。我記得有一個外國人很重
我做字很大的轉捩點。在地鐵公司主要是設計
視排版，比如有逗點，他要避逗點，我從他身
標誌，例如站名和方向指示，這就比較專業
上學了不少。
了，會留意字距、中英文比例、視覺距離等。 當時的設計現在還用的，是「Emergency」按 鈕，和司機通話的那一個。
44
Type Designer Interview — Sammy Or
How did you start doing word? Just a coincidence, then Hong Kong, there is no font design of this industry. I study design itself, when it is the lack of the School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic have not run, I'll read a three-year college freshman, while reading while working. But there is interest in typography and layout had already felt not very fond of business, when doing paste-up artist. I remember a foreigner attaches great importance to the layout, such as a comma, he wants to avoid a comma, I learned a lot from him. So you are to the subway company began designing fonts ? Legend in ancient times people made out of text
Commercial font design companies pay little at-
Changjei reverence, one word has completed its
tention, do not pay attention to spacing, kerning ,
mission. School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic
pick the word money. Later joined The Corporation
University Professor Liao Jielian interviewed twelve
MTR, a word I made a big turning point. The com-
font designer, let us see one of the few contemporary
pany is designing the subway signs, such as station
China “CJ” who create beauty for fonts, and his
name and directions, which is more professional, and
insistence, quietly, in order to give people the impres-
will pay attention to kerning , in English and propor-
sion of reading text beauty feelings.
tion, visual distance. The design was also used now is “Emergency ” button , and the driver call that one.
45
／特別專欄 —— 字體設計師訪問
可否具體說一說你在地鐵的工作？ 是擺字，怎麼放，怎樣打燈，和建築師一起工 作。當時用的老宋體是獨一無二的，再怎麼拉 長啊、變形啊，是全世界唯一的中文地鐵標 誌，英文就用 Universe。這些都建立了我認識 字體的基礎。 在地鐵是用字體，那字體設計呢？ 真 真 正 正 開 始 中 文 字 體 的 設 計， 是 接 了 Monotype 的工作，字體對他們來說是非常重 要的。那時簡體字已有中國四種字體，可以買 字稿，但就需要製作繁體字款給大陸以外的地 區使用。我恰巧接到 Monotype 外判的繁體字 設計工作，這就開始我大半生的做字生涯。 化（數位化）了，分析，再拆件，就像王羲 你經歷了香港字體設計行業從無到有 ?
之的永字八法一樣，只是複雜一些。就是這 樣開始的。當時我在 Monotype Far East 工作，
香港字體設計行業應該一九八二、八三年開始
由零開始成立一個叫 China Type 的部門做補
的。Monotype 最先發展中文字體市場，面對
字。過了半年，Monotype 覺得中文字體大有
的問題是大陸的寫法和香港的不一樣，就算是
市場， 就決定買下 China Type，我也正式成為
繁體字也不一樣，字數也不同。當時香港是跟
Monotype 的員工。
台灣用 BIG 5 ，有一萬三千字，大陸舊的編碼 只有六千七百多字， 於是需要補字。比如說 宋二，我們先把大陸的字稿放進電腦，數碼
46
Type Designer Interview — Sammy Or
The subway is the font used in that font design? Really began to Chinese font design, is connected to the work of Monotype fonts for them is very important. Then there are Chinese Simplified four fonts, you can buy word manuscript, but you need money to make Traditional use areas outside the continent. I happened to receive Monotype Traditional outsourcing design work, which do most of their lives to start my career in the word. You went through Hong Kong font design industry from scratch? Hong font design industry should one thousand nine hundred eighty-two, 2083 began. Monotype fonts Can you talk about specific work in the subway ?
first developed Chinese market, the question facing the mainland and Hong Kong is the wording is not
Is placed word, how to put, how to play lights,
the same, even if it is not the same complex charac-
and architects working together. At that time, the
ters, words are different. At that time, Hong Kong
old Times New Roman is unique, no matter how
and Taiwan are using BIG 5, there are thirteen thou-
stretched ah, ah deformation, is the world’ s only Chi-
sand words, encoding only the old continent more
nese subway signs in English to use Universe. I know
than six thousand seven hundred words, so the need
these have been established on the basis of the font.
to make up words. For example, the second song, we first draft of the continent into a computer word, digitization (digitization), the analysis.
47
字形 與 LOU
06
生活的關係
IS VUIT TON & DIOR
／字形與生活的關係
高級品牌的商標，為何看起來如此高級？
得沉穩高級呢？
位於法蘭克福的店、洛杉磯、東京的銀座店、
不過，總覺得哪裡怪怪的，就是和商標看到的
再來是位於好萊塢的店。
不一樣。一一檢查字母，明明形狀一樣，卻一
LV 的商標，是一種叫 Futura 的字型所組成的。
點也感受不到原本商標有的沉穩感和感級感。
特徵在於 O 字母的形狀，幾乎就像個完整的
仔細觀察，你會發現 LV 的商標是經過一番功
圓形一般。在看看其他的細節，V 和 N 字母的
夫調整的。字母與字母之間拉開了一定的距
尖端部份，鋒利的很酷。Futura 不只是 MAC
離。剛剛試排的結果重疊在商標上後，居然有
電腦裡已經內建好的字型，還被廣泛運用在其
如此的差異。上面不做任何調整，試排出來的
他地方，而非常有名的字型。也就是說，不管
商標顯得擁擠，你下面的 LV 商標，字母和字
哪裡都能看得到，只要你想用的話，試過隨時
母之間距離的安拉開了，好像大人般從容不迫
可以使用的字型。以這個字型所構成的商標，
的緩緩低語，更具威嚴。字母之間距離的安
明明沒有做過任何加工，為什麼還可以讓人覺
排，似乎隱藏着什麼秘訣。
LOUIS VUITTON 我們來實際重新排版看看吧！這是使用 Futura Medium 不做調整所試用排的樣子。
50
Relationship of Type & Life
Trademarks premium brands , why look so advanced?
To make people feel calm senior it? However, where
The shop is located in Frankfurt , Los Angeles’ s Gin-
always feel strange, is not the same as seeing and
za store is located in Hollywood shop again.
trademarks. Check the letters one by one, and obvi-
LV’ s trademark, is called Futura font composed.
ously the same shape, but also feel that some of the
Characterized by the shape of the letter O, almost
original trademark sense of calm and a sense of feeling
like a full circle in general. Sophisticated part of V
level. Look closely, you will find the trademark LV is
and N letters, sharp cool. Futura is not just a good
the result of a lot of effort to adjust. Opened a certain
MAC computer has built-in fonts, is also widely used
distance between the letters and the alphabet. Imme-
in other places, but very well-known font. In other
diately after the results of the test row overlap in the
words, no matter where can see, if you want to use
trademark, actually have such differences. Do not do
it, tried fonts that can be used at any time. This font
any of the above adjustments, try out the trademark
trademark posed, obviously not done any processing.
seem crowded row .
LOUIS VUITTON 這是做了調整的樣子； 屬於原來的 logo。
51
／字體的濫用 —— 康熙字典體
康熙
字
06
Abuse of Font — The Kangxi Type
典體的濫用
07
／字體的濫用 —— 康熙字典體
2010 年十月，厲向晨在部落格與官方網站上
有本書談職場甘苦，告訴讀者要用盡心機、斤
發表康熙字典體。除此，還掛上了儀鳳寫經
斤計較，總是展現最完美的一面。但是書封用
體、隸辨隸書體試用版。但是，這些產品，只
了筆畫破損嚴重的康熙字典體，好像就不完美
有康熙字典體過了黑水溝到台灣造成轟動，也
了；心靈勵志書藉強調要改變思路才有更好出
在中國大陸引起不小迴響。
路，但標題還是學別人用康熙字典體，這樣真 的有出路嗎？就升真的切合主題，一律用相同
2008 年「幸福慢活文化」越來越火熱。「文
字體，久之也顯得落俗套、了無新意。
創」成為流行詞，「古早味」、「復古」變成 廠商趨之若騖的產品趨勢，但設計師就開始煩
這種過於特殊的字體是俗稱的「新手磁鐵」。
惱了：要用什麼字型包裝比較好？
就是因為它們奇特出眾，容易引人注目，包含 新手。但新手用字的理由常常只是它很特別，
正好，康熙字典體出現了，在發表後的一、兩
未考量更重要的情境問題。而且，為了節省成
年間便紅極一時。本來，康熙字典體只是少數
本，許多公司的「美術人員」。可能只是其它
設計師的新寵。它古拙的質感滿富人情味，正
專長的工讀生兼任。有時更是業主或老闆說了
好填補了中文字型市場上的一大空缺。雖不是
算，即便業主、老闆一點也不了解未體的個
什麼源自台灣本土的東西，但看上去挺傳統
識，這可能也是康熙字典體氾濫的原因。
的，有種忙舊感，沒有任何字體像它一樣。當 代中文字型產品大多非常工整，甚至非常制
這波氾濫還照出了許多敷衍了事的壞習慣。試
式。尤其是明體，一般人根本說不出明體次間
用版康熙字典體只收錄一上常用字，缺字怎麼
有什麼區別。康熙字典體雖然也是明體，卻很
辦？竟然是拿標楷體或其他明體混充，以為這
有自己的特色。
樣可以矇混過關；若碰到雙語設計，也時常能 看到頗具現代感的歐文無襯字體 (sans serif) 搭
歪歪斜斜，扭扭曲曲，筆畫還有破損。有些字
配，讓主視覺像人格分裂一樣。
瘦高，有些字寬扁，部首造型沒有統一，有些 字寫法甚理跟我們習慣的不一樣。不過，這些
而且，許多使用康熙字典體為商業用途的廠
字型業視為異端的缺陷反而成為一種特色。
商、設計師，恐怕都未與原作者厲向晨先生取
康熙字典體雖然是還帶糙米，但就是「很有感
得授權。雖說康熙字典體有無著作權尚有爭
覺」，讓人感受許久不見的手工感與自然風情。
議，但這對於剛剛起步的獨立字體設計風氣是 相當大的傷害。
每本書傳達的內容有差異，而字體是精確的 「視覺語言」，用字型也是設計的一環，要考 量情境脈絡的適用性。它能精準「時尚感」嗎？ 能給人「精確可靠」的印象嗎？有欠考量的應 用實在不難發現。
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Abuse of Font — The Kangxi Type
October 2010, Kangxi type published on the blog
There is talk in the workplace joys book tells readers
and website. In addition, also written by the body
to use dedicated machines, preoccupied, always show
hung Yifeng, a trial version of the official script scribe
the best side. But the book sealed with a stroke of
resolution body. However, these products, only
Kangxi badly damaged body, as if not perfect; soul
Kangxi body over a black ditch caused a sensation
inspirational books emphasized the need to have a
in Taiwan, mainland China also caused no small re-
better idea of changing the way out, but the title still
sponse.
learn from others with Kangxi body, so there really is way out? It really fit on the theme, all with the same
2008 “Happiness slow living culture” getting hot.
font, a long time also appears to fall cliche, nothing
“Wen Chong” has become a buzzword, “typified”,
new.
“retro” aspire to become a manufacturer of product trends, but the designers began to worry: What font
This is too special fonts are commonly known as the
package is better to use?
“novice magnet”. Because they are strange outstanding, easily noticeable, including novices. However,
Precisely, Kangxi body appeared, among published
the word is often novice reason except that it is very
after one or two years will be a smash hit. Originally,
special, did not consider the more important situ-
Kangxi body just a few new favorite designer. It is full
ational problems. Moreover, in order to save costs,
of rich texture unadorned human face, just to fill a big
many companies art staff. May only work part-time
gap in the market Chinese fonts. Although it is not
students of other expertise.
what comes from Taiwanese stuff, but it looks very traditional, kind of busy old sense, there is no font
This wave of flooding also lights up the bad habits of
like it.
many perfunctory. Kangxi trial version includes only one body on common words, missing words how to
However, these fonts industry heresy defects instead
do? Turned out to be marked in italics or take other
become a feature. Kangxi body though also with
Ming Hunchong, thinking that you can get away
brown rice, but is the “great feeling”, people feel a
with; if encountered bilingual design, but also often
sense of long gone hand and natural style .
see quite modern sans serif font Owen (sans serif ) with, so that the primary visual image, like a split per-
The content of each book is to convey the differences,
sonality .
but the font is accurate “visual language” , a ring with a font is designed to consider the applicability of sit-
Moreover, many use for commercial purposes Kangxi
uational context. It precisely “fashion sense”it? Give
body manufacturers , designers, and I’m afraid none
people “accurate and reliable” impression of it? It
of authorization of the author Mr. Lixiang Chen .
lacks consideration of the application is not difficult
Although the existence of the copyright Kangxi body
to find .
remains controversial, but for the fledgling independent font design ethos is very much harm.
55
／字體的濫用 —— 康熙字典體
道光七年康熙字典重刊本
56
Abuse of Font — The Kangxi Type
這個活動跟康熙字典體好像沒有關係
根據觀察，只要關鍵字有「時光」、「幸福」，或 美食、旅行、慢活相關，大多會有康熙字典體。
57
58
識字 字體基礎工作坊
www.facebook.com/jftypeclass
59
我們正在準備出發到香港大學！這四張詩卡，就等你來親手印！
三月三十日 香港大學開心公園
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字活 Zi Wut