Carlton Loop

CARLTON

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN TUTOR : ROBYN POLLOCK SHWITI RAVISANKAR 729123

msd Melbourne School of Design

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND PLANNING

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 01 INTRODUCTION 03

VISION 05 FRAMEWORK 07 GUIDELINES 08 -11

A. Carlton as an Urban Catalyst

B. Enticing Built Form

C. Connected Neighboourhood

D. Identity IMPLEMENTATION

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APPENDIX 15

ACKNOWLEDGMENT A heartfelt thanks to Ceci Lathrop, Randy Wihardja and Zijian Cai for excellent team effort throughout the semester and valuable contributions to the making of this framework.

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EX E C UTIVE S U M M A RY

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN CARLTON

The Carlton Loop aimed to regenerate the Social Housing site that has been isolated due to the negative perception it has inculcated over time. Its redevelopment opportunities are umpteen and can certainly bring about a positive change to the community as a whole.

With the intent of the neighbourhood’s revival The Cultural, Educational, Contemplational and Recreational Loops spread across Carlton with Pedestrians in mind seeking to create a track that is fed by the neighborhoods nearby and nourishes the community housing at its heart.

• The Recreational Loop will promote and support various activities looping the heart of Carlton to the Oval and other sports and leisure facilities.

• The Cultural Loop will promote and support cultural and heritage oriented programmes as it ties various retail strips alongside with museums and artistic facilities.

• The Education Loop through the borders of the University of Melbourne acts as an academic precinct whose proximity holds great value to the heart of Carlton as it acts a Gateway into the CBD. • The Contemplational Loop framing the Melbourne Cemetery provides countless possibilities for its inclusiveness into Carlton’s morphological anatomy.

CARLTON

The ‘Guiding Principles’ for developing a framework that can tie the community back into the fabric of the city are: • Prioritizing high density residential development that are affordable and safe.

• Conserving and enhancing the character and significance of existing built form and also providing pedestrian prioritized open spaces of cultural, educational and recreational value.

• Recognizing Carlton’s Public Housing as a hub for numerous captivating opportunities and as a catalyser for the entire suburb.

• Linking Connections to increase permeability and accessibility to pedestrians as well as cyclist by identifying surface carparks as underutilized spaces.

Recreational Loop Cultural Loop Educational Loop Contemplational Loop

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I N T R O D U C T I O N

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

The Carlton Loop offers a well integrated structure plan for the revitalization of the social housing site in North Carlton. To realise the vision, it is imperative to understand that the site must be intervened from within and also its surroundings. This initiative is critical in revealing the site’s association with the greater neighborhood and the city of Melbourne as a whole.

Opaque Transparent

The plan assimilates characteristic persona of each loop to produce an unique identity for the social housing site which is currently misplaced due to the negative perception of the towers and the community.

Study area The study area includes land 100-200m beyond the social housing site. The site includes one block above the Princess Highway in the City of Yarra limits including the Melbourne General Cemetery. On the west and east it is bound

by Lygon St and Rathwdowne St. Palmerston St lies to its south.

Despite the smaller study area, contextual analysis includes a larger scope which is reflected in the concept behind the Looping.

DESIRE LINES FENCES

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Critical issues Carlton’s extremely diverse community is a primary anchor for population growth. A population of 28,000 is forecasted by the year 2036. The locality has the advantages of proximity to the CBD, amenities and well connected transport infrastructure. However, the following key critical issues have been identified.

• Underutlised spaces • Overshadowing • Social segregation • Passive Frontages and uninviting streetscape • Lack of security • Incomplete Pedestrian network Opportunities The views, vistas and underutilised spaces are the biggest opportunities of this site.

Proposals

PROGRAMMED AND UNPROGRAMMED SPACES

SHORT TERM Neils St and Drummond St development and underground car parking, Gallery at VicRoads Office (Shared space), GreenHouse Research facility MEDIUM TERM Social Housing Renovation with podiums and facade treatments, Contemplational Loop landscaping, Primary School upgrade, Residential Housing, Cemetery revitalisation.

LONG TERM Construction of Tunnel, New Tramline on Princess St, Mixed use development facilitation along Palmerston St and Rathdowne St.

SWOT ANALYSIS

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Carlton envisions itself as a Collage City of multiple layers of truly diverse and divergent communities all looped 1 together and hauled back into the fabric of Melbourne City. The various well defined Loops aspire to feed the heart of the community with opportunities and facilities that will facilitate a seamless society with myriad of possibilities for an enticing future. “a structure, series, or process, the end of which is connected to the beginning�.

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INCITING BUILTFORM

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URBAN FRAMEWORK

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URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

CARLTON AS AN URBAN CATALYST

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CARLTON

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CONNECTED NEIGHBOURHOODS

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IDENTITY

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A.3.1

A.1 A.3.3

A.5 16TH STREET MALL Denver, United States of America I.M.Pie

A.4

Private Garden for Social Housing Residents

Private Garden each resident in the ground floor

A.2 FINSBURY AVENUE SQAURE London, UK

Residential

A.6

Open Space hierarchy

Mixed Use Public Use

A.3.2 GREENHOUSE BOTANICAL GARDEN Grueningen, Switzerland idA

A.3 PLACE D’YOUVILLE Montreal, Canada

1 Active Frontages

Car Parking Facility below Neills St.

5 Hierarchy of Streets

3 Incorporating Loops

1.1. Create grain sizes that are permeable, semi-transparent (allows visual connection) and engaging to end users.

1.2. Eliminate fences and hard boundaries around the Melbourne General Cemetery and Apartment blocks which will ease walking distances and allow greater surveillance on streets.

2 24x7 Vicinity

3.1. New Gallery to be built on VicRoads site where local talents can be showcased.

3.2. Educational facilities such as: glass house, Children’s library, etc, to be provided along the Neilll St. Veggie Patch to be integrated with the research work carried out in Green Houses. The facility will be open to school and University students.

3.3. Connect Drummond St to the entrance of the cemetery by native vegetation intervention.

5.1. Neills Str to be treated as the Primary axis whose activation will have an positive affect on the surrounding housing communities.

5.2. Drummond St. to be completely pedestrianized and act as a feeder for the Contemplational Loop as well. Palmerston Street to function as a shared street whose new multi functional character will create the necessary transition from formal to informal vehicular network. Both these streets will be treated as secondary connections.

3.4. Neills St to being completely pedestrianized housing all recreational facilities 2.1. Neills St to house programs catering to various age groups to have around the leading to the Oval. clock activities such as Youth development training, Kinder play areas and Aged Care 6 Open Space Hierarchy Hubs.

4 Land Use 2.2. Develop social programs in the existing facilities for after hours of its primary use, eg, Dance Schools can have practice sessions in the Primary School.

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4.1. Develop mixed use facilities along Drummond St and Rathdowne St. To eliminate duplication of uses such as in the case of retail and commercial spaces.

CARLTON AS AN URBAN CATALYST

6.1. Create a clear and distinctive hierarchy of different open spaces that is accessible and user friendly to each neighborhood and the community as a whole.

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Recognizing the site as a facilitator for holistic development of Melbourne CARLTON

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

GUIDELINE S

Existing building heights around the site Existing building heights on the site

B.1 IZOLA SOCIAL HOUSING Slovenia OFIS Architekti

Proposed building changes

B.5

Carlton Primary School change in massing

B.2 MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN Melbourne, Australia John Wardle Architects + NADAAA

B.4.1 Residential Retail

B.4

Commercial

NEW URBAN VILLAGE Christ Church, New Zealand Zotov & Co Architects

Public Use

B.1.1 Tower 1 SITE SECTION

B.1

Tower 2

B.3

B.4

1 Inter-connected community 1.1. Providing spaces within buildings that enhance connectivity through common lounges and semi-private spaces. There by incorporating an open integrated design ideology, this allows for resident interaction through private gardens and community spaces.

1.2. Adding semiprivate open spaces to the residents’ amenities and additional balconies to the public housing.

1.3. Removal of walls which is a form of Brutalist architecture (inside is bared for all to view), along the hallway of the public housing, that keeps with the idea of City as a Machine.

2 Bridging morphological gap between the CBD and Carlton through Height limits 2.1. Consistent skyline to be developed from the CBD though appropriate building heights from 20 floors to 2 floors. A limit of 8 storeys to be incoporated within the social housing perimeter developments.

3 Podiums

6 Energy efficient buildings

3.1. Mixed use podiums to be introduced to the social housing developments to facilitate around the clock facilities and surveillance.

3.2. Each to be 4 to 5 storeys providing dwelling options for aged people along side retail and commercial opportunities.

3.3. 50% of commercial spaces to be provided for startups for lease periods from 6 months to 1 year. These affordable commercial spaces must also provide residential spaces within which can act as home offices or artist in residences ( adds to the “creative city ideology of Plan Melbourne).

6.2. Recycling, efficient grey water system and solar powered appliances are to be encouraged for reducing carbon footprint.

6.3. Rainwater harvesting system to be incorporated as a part of landscape design.

7 Incentive system

7.1. Ensure that developers provide community benefits for every 3m height increase.

The benefits may include more number of affordable dwelling options, public realm amenities or sustainable methodologies in construction alongside larger floor areas than standard requirements.

4 Solar access and natural ventilation 4.1. Podiums to be built on the overshadow regions of towers (south).

4.2. Residential dwelling to have 70% sunlight for 3hrs minimum in living and private 8 Affordable housing open spaces.

4.3. Single bank apartment layout to maximize the solar and wind access.

2.2. Development above the heritage overlay to be considerate of retaining the heritage value of built form and character of street (only paint control rules are applied on 5 School facility the heritage area in Carlton) 5.1. Carlton Primary School to be reoriented to increase amenities by integrating it with the public facilities and allowing the use of building after school hours for commercial or artistic purposes.

B

6.1. Sustainable materials as per NCC Energy Efficiency Requirements to be used for new developments such as low emission paints, energy efficient doors, windows, skylights ( windows energy rating scheme) and timber from sustain-ably managed forests.

INCITING BUILT FORM

Prioritizing high density and mixed use development that facilitates homogeneous progress

8.1. 65% of the housing to be under affordable housing conditions which are to be distributed equally across the podium gross areas.

8.2. Diversity in the typology of housing ranging from single bedrooms to duplex houses to be provided appropriately by the developers.

8.3. A minimum floor area of 85sqm to be provided for two or more bedroom dwellings with openings in every room.

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URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

GUIDELINE S

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C.3 BANK STREET INSTALLATION Pedestrian Crossing Idea Adelaide, Australia Songailo & Lethlean

C.4.1

SECTION THROUGH PRINCESS ST

C.4.2

SECTION THROUGH DRUMMOND ST

C.4.3 SHARED STREET Ottawa, Canada

C.4.1 TRANSPORT GREEN CORRIDOR Lyon, France

Existing Signals Primary roads Pedestrianized Street Shared Street Proposed permeability Proposed Tramway Proposed Tunnel

C.1.1

Proposed Crossings

LEVINSON PLAZA Boston, USA Mikyoung Kim Design

Bike Lanes Green Corridor

C.2

C.3

C.4

1 Spatial Hierarchy

C.4.3

C.5

SECTION THROUGH PALMERSTON ST.

5 Connectivity

3 Pedestrian Crossway

1.1. Providea smooth transition between public and private spaces with addition of informal open spaces (public, semi private).

Provide additional crossway on Princess st and Rathdowne St which will aid in traffic calming. It also is to connect the site to the Cemetery.

1.2. Removal of fencing around north western apartment blocks and Melbourne 4 Sustainable Transport General Cemetery

2 Walkability 2.1. Pedestrian Friendly pathways in terms of materiality, open spaces and facilities (water point, bathrooms, etc).

5.2. New Tram line along Princess street will connect the Eastern and western Suburbs.

4.1. Reduction in car lanes in Princess street to accommodate the New Tram Line.

Tunnel connecting Tulamarine and Eastern Suburbs to be introduced beneath the Tram Line.

4.2. Removal of car lanes in Drummond st to create pedestrianized street.

4.3. Reduction in car lanes along Palmerston St which will be a shared street.

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CONNECTED NEIGHBORHOOD

Strengthen and complete movement networks around and through the site for an integrated regeneration of the urban fabric

5.1. Support an integrated public transport system in Carlton with a high degree of connectivity between tram, rail and bus services.

5.3. Green corridor to be incorporated along the tram route.

5.4. Green corridor to be created towards the entrance of the Cemetery and along Neils Street.

5.5. Safe cyclist lanes through the site providing diversity in use.

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URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

GUIDELINE S

D.5.2 MANASSAS PARK Manassas Park, United States of America VMDO Architects Podium as semi public space

D.3 ELASTIC PERSPECTIVE Rotterdam NEXT Architects

Community Open Space

Pedestrian Friendly Sidewalks

D.5.2

CROSS SECTION THROUGH NEILLS STREET

B.3 D.1.3 18 KOWLOON EAST Hong Kong, China

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Melaleuca Melaleuca Melaleuca Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Prostanthera Prostanthera Prostanthera TriodiaTriodia Triodia Loxophleba Loxophleba Gumtree Gumtree Gumtree Paperbark Paperbark Paperbark Regnans Regnans Regnans Loxophleba Lasianthos Lasianthos Lasianthos Hummock Hummock Hummock

D.1

Eremophila Eremophila Eremophila AcaciaAcaciaAcacia Proteaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Valentine Valentine Valentine Pycnantha Pycnantha Pycnantha Grevillea Grevillea Grevillea

D.4

VEGGIE PATCH Federation Square Melbourne, Australia

D.5

High Vegetation Species

Medium Vegetation Species

Low Vegetation Species

SPECIES SELECTION FOR NATIVE VEGETATION RESTORATION

1 Inclusive Community

GREEN STREETS DESIGN MANUAL Storm-water planters Philadelphia, United States

4 Restoration of native environment

2 Heritage conservation and development

1.1. Community gardens, vegetable patches, semi private gardens and amphi theatre spaces to be provided to enhance community engagement.

2.1. Promote the conservation of the existing heritage buildings (Heritage Register) on the streets surrounding the site

4.1. Enhance and restore the autochthonous flora and fauna, integrating native species to the open spaces.

1.2. Programming primary school, church and childcare facilities for after hours utilisation. Classrooms to work as dance studios, Gyms to work as function halls, etc.

2.2. Enhance the development on heritage buildings (Paint Controls) that can contribute to a compact and active neighborhood – retaining facades and building over 5 Healthy Environment heritage buildings to achieve necessary density for accommodating future population.

5.1. Promote environmental sustainability through creating highly walkable neighbor1.3 Refurbishing public housing buildings by incorporating balconies for every aparthoods, incorporating recreational facilities and reducing carbon emissions through ment thereby promoting interaction and passive surveillance. New materials and 3 Enhance Views and Vistas landscaping features (plant selection, water sensitive design). warm colours to be used to help enhance the imagery of the space.

3.1.Provide view points that enhance the natural vistas to the surroundings. The view point located between the community housing buildings highlights the Dandenong 5.2. Landscaped troughs to be created which act as a recreational feature and rain Mountains, while the view point on the central open space highlights the CBD skyline. water catchment area for harvesting. Topography to be reflected in locating positions of troughs.

3.2. Provide creative spaces within these vantage points as an attractive amenity.

D

IDENTITY

Conserving and enhancing the existing diverse characteristics through place making strategies

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URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

GUIDELINE S

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City of Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria

GREENHOUSE RESEARCH FACILITY

PHASE 1

UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING (NEILLS ST. & DRUMMOND ST. VicRoads, City of Melbourne, DEWLP, MPA $ $ $ $ $ $$

University of Melbourne, City of Melbourne, utility supplier

City of Melbourne, private developers

PRIMARY SCHOOL AND DAY CARE MERGER AND DEVELOPMENT $ $ $ City of Melbourne, private developers

HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT City of Melbourne, DEWLP, developers $ $ $

TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION $ $ $ $ $ VicRoads, Places Victoria, City of Melbourne, City of Yarra

CONTEMPLATIONAL LOOP LANDSCAPING $ $

VicRoads, Places Victoria, City of Melbourne, private landscape developers

CEMETERY REVITALIZATION $ $ $

VicRoads, Places Victoria, private landscape developers, City of Yarra

PHASE 2

Primary School design competition, Botanical walks, open air theatre Community markets (local produce), Dance Nights

10-15 years

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GALLERY $ $

NEW TRAMLINE $ $ $ $

VicRoads, Places Victoria, Yarra Trams, PTV

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AND BIKE LANES $ VicRoads, City of Melbourne

PHASE 3

Annual Art Fest, Drama Fest, Night markets, sports day, Palmerston St design competition

0-5 years

VicRoads, Places Victoria, City of Melbourne, Victorian Government, Melbourne Water (assessing sustainable infrastructure)

SOCIAL HOUSING RENOVATION $ $ $ $ $

5-10 years

MIXED USE DEVELOPMENTS $ $ $

PHASE 4

15-20 years

DEWLP, City of Melbourne, Governments of Victoria Community markets (local produce), Dance Nights, Sustainable Features Walk

I M P L E M E N T AT I O N

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN CARLTON

NEILLS ST. AND DRUMMOND ST $ $ $ $

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C O N T E X T A N A LY S I S

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APPENDIX

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

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URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

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APPENDIX

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK REPORT ABPL90132 | LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN

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