Física Medica

Experiments for Medicine

Physics: 11 experiments

Biology: 23 experiments

Experiments for Medicine Physics Scientific methodology (measurement of basic constants) Viscosity Ultrasonics in liquids Optics Functioning of the human eye Short-sightedness and its correction Long-sightedness and its correction Defective accommodation in old age and its correction The structure of a microscope X-ray physics Absorption of x-rays Contrast medium experiment with the blood vessel model Determination of the length and position of an invisible object

Experiments for Medicine Scientific methodology: measurement of basic constants (P2110100) Caliper gauges, micrometers and spherometers are used for the accurate measurement of lengths, thicknesses, diameters and curvatures. A mechanical balance is used for weight determinations, a decade counter is used for accurate time measurements. Measuring procedures, accuracy of measurement and reading accuracy are demonstrated.

Experiments for Medicine Viscosity (P2140400) Due to internal friction among their particles, liquids and gases have different viscosities.

The viscosity, a function of the substance’s structure and its temperature, can be experimentally determined, for example, by measuring the rate of fall of a ball in a tube filled with the liquid to be investigated.

Experiments for Medicine Ultrasonics in liquids (P2151000) A stationary ultrasonic wave in a glass cell full of liquid is traversed by a divergent beam of light. The sound wavelength can be determined from the central projection of the sound field on the basis of the refractive index which canges with the sound pressure.

Experiments for Medicine Functioning of the human eye (P1066700) Objective: investigate the path of light in the human eye with the help of a model when - focusing the eye (accommodation) on a far away object, - focusing the eye on a near object.

Experiments for Medicine Short-sightedness and its correction (P1066800) Objective: investigate how short-sightedness affects the seeing ob objects located near or far away using the model eye, and which possibilities there are for its correction.

Experiments for Medicine Long-sightedness and its correction (P1066900) Objective: investigate with the model eye what effect long-sightedness can have on seeing far away or near objects and by what means it can be corrected.

Experiments for Medicine Defective accommodation in old age and its correction (P1067000) Objective: investigate how the problems of accommodation associated with old age can be corrected with the model eye.

Experiments for Medicine The structure of a microscope (P1068900) Objective: construct a microscope model and investigate how its components interact.

Experiments for Medicine Absorption of x-rays (P2541100) Objective: examine the absorption behavior of various metals as a function of the absorber thickness and the wavelength of the primary radiation.

Experiments for Medicine Contrast medium experiment with the blood vessel model (P2541900) A liquid contrast medium is to be injected into a model of a blood vessel, which is hidden from sight and exposed to x-ray radiation, to enable the inner structure of the model to be examined on a fluorescent screen.

Experiments for Medicine Determination of the length and position of an invisible object (P1066700) The length and the spatial position of a metal pin which cannot be seen are to be determined from radiograms of two different planes which are at right angles to each other.

Experiments for Medicine Biology These biology experiments make heavy use of the Cobra3 computer interface, therefore providing a common technological basis for these experiments.

Because of the simplicity of Cobra3 and its underlying MEASURE software, it is possible to combine several experiments in one session, if need for a consensed curriculum arises.

Experiments for Medicine Biology I Nervous system Derivation of nerve and muscle potentials by mechanical stimulation Derivation of nerve potentials after electrical stimulation Development of resting potential Neurosimulator: Membrane time constant and low-pass filtering Neurosimulator: How an exciting synapse functions Heart and circulatory system Human electrocardiography (ECG) Phonocardiography: cardiac and vascular sonic measurement (PCG) Blood pressure measurement Changes in the blood flow during smoking Musculature Electromyography (EMG) on the upper arm Muscle stretch reflex and determination of conducting velocity

Experiments for Medicine Biology II Auditory sense Human merging frequency and upper hearing threshold Hearing threshold and frequency differentiating threshold in humans Acoustic orientation in space Temperature sense Preferential temperature in insects Regulation of human body temperature Visual sense Determination of the human visual field Time resolving capability of the human eye Test of human reaction capacity Human electrooculography (EOG) Respiration Measurement of the human respiratory rate

Experiments for Medicine Nervous system

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Nerve and muscle potentials Positive feedback Synaptic depression and facilitation Mechanical and electrical stimulation Biphasic action potential Frequency modulation Median and lateral giant nerve fibres Conduction velocity Aenesthetization of muscles Electrical resistance of nerve fibres Double pule stimulation Refractory period

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Time constant of nerve membranes Intracellular potential Low-pass characteristic Action potentials Intracellular potentials Excitatory postsynaptic potential Nodes of Ranvier Minimum stimulus intensity Frequency modulation

Experiments for Medicine Heart and circulatory system

Experiments for Medicine Musculature

Experiments for Medicine Auditory sense

Experiments for Medicine Temperature sense

Experiments for Medicine Visual sense

Experiments for Medicine Respiration

The respiratory rate is measured in different stages of physical exertion.