Thesis portfolio

MARITIME MUSEUM ANTWERP Climate Adaptive Façades – Analysis of curved line folding systems with regard to visual comfort, thermal comfort and energy performance Siemen Goetschalckx Master Thesis Architectural Engineering Bruface Under supervison of Aránzazu Galán González – Jonas Lindekens – Stéphane Meyrant – Jan de Moffarts – Laurent Ney

curved line folding components

INTRODUCTION Even though climate conditions change constantly, most present façade systems are static solutions. Climate adaptive façades on the contrary have the ability to respond to these changing conditions. By doing this, the energy demand is reduced while the visual and thermal comfort is improved.

The research part of the thesis studies the influence of a curved line folding shading system on the energy performance and daylight conditions in a building. The most optimal component – a square component of 1m by 1m and four creases – is used for the design project. For more information about the simulation methodology, results and conclusions the research thesis should be consulted.

The design part of the thesis investigates the architectural possibilities and qualities of the curved line folding components by applying them on a maritime museum. This portfolio presents the design of the museum. It consists of four parts: design program, design site, design plans and structure.

component used in maritime museum

DESIGN PROGRAM

Maritime Museum of Denmark (picture form archdaily.com) Bjarke Ingels Group

areas per function and number of visitors

REFERENCE PROJECTS

Helsingor

Amsterdam

Greenwich

Antwerp

A (m²)

%

A (m²)

%

A (m²)

%

A (m²)

%

A (m²)

%

160 35 160 180 35 2370 780 545 0 500 245 900 85

3% 1% 3% 3% 1% 40% 13% 9% 0% 8% 4% 15% 1%

550 20 90 190 60 1850

15% 1% 2% 5% 2% 51% 0% 0% 0% 23% 1% 0% 0%

875

text. Many of the museums are also located in or close to a har-

Foyer Wardrobe Shop Café Kitchen Permanent exhibition Temporary exhibition Auditorium Library Offices Service spaces Storage Toilets

200 200 240 3800 500 175 320 1880 600 800 300

9% 0% 2% 2% 2% 38% 5% 2% 3% 19% 6% 8% 3%

850 25 620 490 130 5000 820 580 365 1455 910 1860 195

6% 0% 5% 4% 1% 38% 6% 4% 3% 11% 7% 14% 1%

320 0 240 320 80 3200 800 400 0 960 400 1200 80

4% 0% 3% 4% 1% 40% 10% 5% 0% 12% 5% 15% 1%

bour. This automatically establishes a link between the museum, its

Total

5995

100%

3660

100%

9890

100%

13300

100%

8000

100%

Some built examples of maritime museums are used as reference projects. The number of visitors and the area per function are looked into for every project. These values give an indication for the program of the Maritime Museum in Antwerp.

When the various reference projects are compared to each other it is noted that all of them are very strongly connected to their con-

exhibition and its surroundings.

Function

Rotterdam

Visitors Visitors

155489 25.94 /m2/yr

0 860 40

123246 /yr 33.67 /m2/yr

430000 /yr 43.48 /m2/yr

1100000 /yr 82.71 /m2/yr

371590 /yr 46.45 /m2/yr

National Maritime Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Dok Architecten

Belgica during Belgian Antarctic Expedition

EXHIBITION THEMES

Harbour Shipbuilding Dry docks Dockers Ships (models and full-scale)

Antwerp has a large harbour with a rich history. This makes it the perfect location for a maritime museum and also implies the presence of an interesting collection. Various important historic events took place in Antwerp and can be represented in the museum.

One of the most famous events in the history of the harbour of Antwerp is the departure and arrival of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899) under supervision of Adrien de Gerlache. This was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. The used ship, called Belgica, sank unfortunately in 1940. A replica of the Belgica is however being build in order to be used as museum ship.

Other possible themes are medieval trade, the Congo boats, shipbuilding in the dry docks and the harbour itself.

Congo Belgian colony Congo boats Charlesville (ship)

Europe Middle ages Trade Doelse kogge (ship) Rhine, Germany Fishing ships

DESIGN SITE

Antwerp | 1:10000

traffic situation | 1:10000

DESIGN SITE The site of the design project is Droogdokkeneiland in the north of Antwerp. In the past, the site was an important part of the harbour. During the modernisation and the expansion of the harbour in northern direction, the industrial activities started to leave the island. Nowadays, only one company remains at the site of the dry docks. This last company will however leave in the nearby future.

The regions south and east of the site – ‘t Eilandje and Cadix – share the same history. They are converted into new residential neighbourhood, while Droogdokkeneiland is converted into a

section A

park. The island will therefore be mostly carfree. Only in the north, a connection to the harbour is preserved. The visitors of the museum can come by tram and stop either at the south or either at the north-east of the island. A parking lot is planned on ‘t Eilandje,

P

close to the new park.

section A | 1:10000

park on Droogdokkeneiland | 1:2500

museum site | 1:2500

DESIGN SITE The city of Antwerp realized the potential of the large unused harbour site next to the river and decided to develop a park on the

section B

island. After an architectural competition the design of Van Belle & Medina Architects in cooperation with Vogt Landscape Architects was chosen.

The maritime museum is designed on the site of the dry docks.

This is a more suitable location than the park, because it strengthens the connection between maritime museum and harbour. The building can easily be reached from the entrance of the park.

section B | 1:2500

DESIGN PLANS

section C

plan 0 | 1:500

concept sketch: three kinds of spaces

MUSEUM CONCEPT (1)

The museum consists of three kinds of spaces: (1) the volume above ground, (2) the underground spaces between the dry docks, and (3) the dry docks themselves. By lifting the volume, a free view in the dry docks is ensured. Moreover the docks are kept as much

(2)

(3)

as possible in their original state.

The floating volume contains a cafĂŠ, an auditorium with foyer, a temporary exhibition space, office rooms and archives. The supports of the structure include the vertical circulation cores. The underground spaces, between the dry docks are used for the permanent exhibition. The exhibition spaces have a connection with the dry docks.

section C | 1:500

section D

plan -1 | 1:500

concept sketch: circulation

PERMANENT EXHIBITION The permanent exhibition is put underground and has connections to the dry docks. In this way the ships in the docks are part of the museum. The openings in the dock walls are kept rather narrow, because the walls should be changed as limited as possible.

Visitors of the exhibition enter on the ground floor and take the open stair to the permanent exhibition. Underground they can walk around as they want. The northern staircase is used to go upstairs.

In that way the temporary exhibition and shop on the first floor are passed. The cafĂŠ can then be reached by going one floor up.

section D | 1:500

east faรงade

plan +1 | 1:500

temporary exhibition space

FAร ADE CONCEPT The constant changes in the faรงade give the building an attractive character. The movement of the elements can be correlated to the movement of the sea, wind and sails of ships. The opening and closing of the faรงade has a natural and organic feeling.

During daytime the components will change according to the solar position and the intensity of sunlight. During nighttime, the shading elements influence the way the light of the building is radiated to the exterior. This gives the museum the feeling of a lighthouse.

east faรงade | 1:500

west faรงade

plan +2 | 1:500

east façade | 1:250

FAÇADE CONCEPT The different functions in the museum have different daylight requirements. The offices for example will need a controlled shading system in order to control glare and overheating. In the café on the other hand the view to the outside is more important. The components on this façade can therefore be more opened than for the offices. The use of the dynamic façade adds to the flexibility of the museum. The daylight conditions in the temporary exhibition can for instance be changed according to its concept or according to the light requirements of the shown pieces.

The façade is opaque in these parts where daylighting is not needed, such as the archives and parts of the temporary exhibition.

west façade | 1:500

STRUCTURE

temporary exhibition space

faรงade detailing | 1:50

STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS The floating volume is carried by a large steel truss structure. The length of the cantilever is quite long which results in large sections.

The loads are brought to the foundations by the two supports between the dry docks.

The faรงade consists out of cast concrete. The shading components are placed in the plane of the faรงade surface. In this way, when the components are closed, the faรงade appears to be a flat surface.

truss | 1:500