Thesis International Architecture KU Leuven by Silke Maes

MASTER DISSERTATION on working and living From an innovation district to an integration district in Barcelona 3.0

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

by Silke Maes 1

A master thesis project Integration District Barcelona A research on co-habilitating production and housing by Silke Maes

Cover image: by Silke Maes

Takes part in the research project of Ph D. Kris Scheerlinck ‘Streetscape territories’. www.streetscapeterritories.org

Layout and editing: by Silke Maes Proofreading: by Eveline Vanhoutteghem Contact: Silke Maes 0477 769680 silkemaes01@hotmail.com All rights reserved under International Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or specific copyright owners. Work and publication made during the course of a personal master dissertation project. ©2017 by Silke Maes

As a study project of International Master of Architecture KU Leuven Faculty of architecture Sint-Lukas Ghent 2016-2017 www.internationalmasterofarchitecture.be

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke Maes-

T h a n k

y o u

I want to thank my promotor Kris Scheerlinck for guiding me through this project and leading the thesis to a good end. Thanks for the good advices. I learned a lot. A thank you for my parents for their unconditional trust and patience with me. And a word of gratitude for Jeroen, my boyfriend, for your patience and the mental support, you are the best. Thank you Sophie, my roommate, together we made it. My best friend Marie, because you are always there for me. Ina for being my host in Barcelona. And thank you for all of the other persons who helped me through this hard semester.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke Maes-

‘The wish of separating living and working is imprinted in our systems, so it get’s hard to face reality and see that only living districts don’t manage in cities.’ (Jane Jacobs, 1961)

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 01: Poblenou atmospere 8

-Silke Maes-

Table of content

1. Introduction

2. Understanding the economy in Barcelona General economy Economy analysis

3. Industry inside and outside the core

4. Poblenou History The 22@ district Soundboard Own site experience

5. Research question

6. Urban strategy

7. Big scale analysis

8. Area of intervention

9. Small scale analysis

10. Case studies Strijp-S Eindhoven

11. Architectural strategy

12. Original state

13. Architectural intervention 14. Conclusions and reflections

82 110

15. Bibliography 16. Image credits

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Introduction

The project

Streetscape territories

This is a graduation project of the faculty of Architecture in KU Leuven. Within the international architecture master program we had the choise between several research and design frameworks.

This project takes part in the streetscape territories project by Ph D. Kris Scheerlinck. Kris Scheerlinck describes the project as follow:

In the 1st year of my master I had the possibility to have a 5 month experience abroad in Barcelona. During this time my interest for this metropolitan city got encharped. After having the choise of doing my master thesis here, there was no possible doubt about doing it in Barcelona. The thesis focusses on the integration of housing and production spaces with each other. One of the topics that are currently active in the 22@district. The 22@ district forms a base for the research as the ajuntament of Barcelona discribes the gentrificating area as following; ‘the 22@Barcelona project transforms the old industrial areas of Poblenou in a high-quality environment for working, living and learning’.

‘Streetscape Territories is the name given to an international research project (KU Leuven, Department of Architecture) that focuses on the transformation of the urban fabric and considers its streetscapes the protagonists. The research deals with the way architectural artifacts, open space, the property structure and its inherent accessibility and permeability configure streetscapes and how their inhabitants can give meaning to them.’ The research framework of this project takes care of 5 general topics. The project will propose a clear idea and will give an answer that includes information about the following factors;

‘Territorial depth is measured by the number of boundary crossings (...) needed to move from the outer space to the innermost territory.’ (Habraken, N.J.,1998) ‘A configuration is a set of relationships among things all of which interdepend in an overall structure of some kind.(...) If we define spatial relations as existing when there is any type of link -say adjacency or permeability- between two spaces, then configuration exists when relations between two spaces are changed according to how we relate one or both to at least one other space’ (Hillier, B., 1998) ‘the city is the very place where the private domain can be, and often is, a social domain, just as much as or indeed even more than the public domain (...) Private buildings as public elements, radiating social meaning and value that extend beyond the actual buildings embody their urban character. (...) Collective spaces are not strictly public or private, but both simultaneously. These are public spaces that are used for private activities, or private spaces that allow for collective use, and they include the whole spectrum in between (...)’ (Sola Morales, M., 1992) ‘The model of proximity refers to the configurational understanding of depth as a complex system of relations, which requires a profound study on what is understood as public and private and what are the relations in between.’

-Silke Maes-

Spatial delimitation is the explicit boundary you use to limitate your property from public life. Spatial mechanisms, Folowing the study of Madanipour A. (2003) and Sennett R. (2013) on a global scale, and specifically in developing contexts, we can easily detect the increasing use of extreme fencing tactics, of spacing mechanisms with disproportional physical distances. There seems to be a growing obsession about applying preplanned territorial transitions in urban projects, avoiding spontaneous overlap scenarios and restricting gaps or margins in the planning of depth configurations, as uncertainty in the interpretation of space is avoided.’ ‘The needed discussion about the level of functional determination and openess in urban projects. Lately, it seems as if projects or neighborhoods can no more be developed based on their spatial qualities and relations with the surrounding urban context but depend increasingly on programming spaces, as they often guarantee the financial backbone for development. The overprogramming, exclusive focus on functional issues or even the description of ideal use or behaviour in urban space (Sorkin, 2007) leads to a simplification of urbanity and disable possible interpretations of a multiple nature, needed to construct a socially sustainable environment.’

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Understanding the economy in Barcelona

The metropolitan city of Barcelona Barcelona is one of the main players in the economy of spain. In 2015 Barcelona exports 20% of the gross domestic product of Spain. It has one of europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most important ports, which process records of containers and is also an important location in doing business. The municipi of Barcelona counts more or less 170.000 businesses and is still counting, the industial areas are mainly situated outside of the city around la ronda. They have a rich tradition in textiles, paints, chemicals and in car business but are declining in the international picture. For now the industry focusses on : high tech, motor vehicle industry, electrical engineering, publishing, wine production and consumer goods.

Figure 02/ Economical analysis of the Metropolitan area of Barcelona.

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

The capital of Barcelona When we zoom in on the municipi of Barcelona, we see that the industry is situated on the edge of the city, mainly around la ronda. And where the industry is occuring, also the traintracks appear. Places where cores or hotspots seem to be created are avoided. Cores and industry spots are strictly separated. The only place where core and industry collide, is in the 22@ district, where it’s still happening, but it isn’t working as it should. It’s as if there’s missing a part of the design to make it happen. Most of the economical sites are created before 1975. After the Olympic games a second rush happens in the right of the city in the so called ‘Parc Logistic de la Zona Franca’ and the ‘Marina de la Zona Franca’. The blue dots are a ‘new’ type of office, they represent the co-working spaces. These are offices that most of the time are implemented in old buildings, and where different companies can rent a space for working, mostly used for smaller start-up companies to easily make connections and help each other. This should be part of the new economic thinking of the city. We see that those offices are not yet connected with the industrial areas in the city. The only placewhere they mash up is in the 22@district. In all of the economical spots, there was a calculation made of how much of the economical space is actually used by industry. This way we can see the ratio between economics and industrial companies. The highest grades are received in the northeast of Barcelona.

Figure 03/ Economical analysis of the Metropolitan area of Barcelona.

-Silke Maes-

1: Poligon Industrial Consroci Zona Franca 2: Parc logissc de la Zona Franca 3: Zona dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;accvitats 4: Port autonom Barcelona 5: Districte 38 6: Marina de la Zona Franca 7: Port Vell 8: Districte dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;accvitats 22@ 9: La Sagrera 10: Zona de Llevan Cobega 11: Sector industrial 22@ 12: Sant Andreu-Maquinista 13: Bon Barcelona

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

7% --> 106 companies 3% --> 1 company 3% --> 5 companies 6% --> 40 companies 16% --> 1 company 12% --> 80 companies 9% --> 40 companies 18% --> 737 companies 12% --> 17 companies 42% --> 85 companies 35% --> 35 companies 14% --> 90 companies 29% --> 175 companies

Production in the core and outside the core

To understand the spatial characters and differences of production in the in- and outside of the city these collages and pictures can give an idea. The illustrations on the right show the diversity in use of plot. On the outside we see there’s place for logistics, while in the core the logistics happen compactly and more inside of the buildings. This is because here the buildings are more spread, and there’s more space in front and in between the buildings. In the inside of the core we can see that there are not many rules, they built wherever they want. It is like a completed puzzle, with no puzzle pieces missing. They should arrange some negociations between the different land and building owners for building like this. If we look at just one plot, the image we get is more unified, one plot is often taken by one developer. The bigger companies tend to locate themselves in the outside of the core. On the next page we see collages of the facades in the inand outside of the city cores. Here we can conclude that in the outside of the core there’s more variety in materials, while in the core it’s more uniform. Garages boxes seem to be a present factor for both situations. They are used for a range of a number of activities, such as startups, shops and garages. One gate can easily have different functions. Both in and outside the plot, the spatial rules are not that strict, you can build, high/low with big/small windows, with or without a garage etc.

-Silke Maes-

Collage production spaces outside the core

SUBURBAN INDUSTRY

URBAN INDUSTRY

Collage production spaces inside the core

Figure 04/ collage of production spaces

SUBURBA

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke Maes-

SUBURBAN INDUSTRY

Elevations of production spaces outside the core

URBAN INDUSTRY Elevations of production spaces outside the core

URBAN INDUSTRY

Elevations of production spaces inside the core

Figure 05/ Elevation of production spaces

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 06/ Transition street

Depth and boundary configuration of plots with and without a central penetrating transition

Figure 07/ Transition street

Proximity configuration of plots with and without a central penetrating transition Public space Public private space Private space

Figure 08/ Transition street

-Silke Maes-

The permeability in the Poblenou area is endangered by the need of covering up the whole area with all sorts of developments. The unconventional transitions in the productive landscape give other possibilities then the common streets that the plan of ... proposes. The penetrating streets open up the possibility of an in between zone. The street on the outside of the plot gives an public atmosphere, while the street on the inside of the plot brings a public-private space. The street is still public, you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel a boundary for not crossing it, but these streets could be used for private activities. For example logistics of a production space, People can park here for a small time. Doors of production spaces, and even houses are standing on a crack as a suggestion to have a look. We see neighbours are walking from building to building to have a talk with their neighboors. The boundary for entering the private domains in such a big city becomes smaller and more intimate.

Figure 09/ Production space in passage

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

The Poblenou

History Poblenou had a key role in strengthening the economy of Catalonia as the most important industrial neighbourhood of Barcelona for over hundred years. From the 12th until the 18th century the Poblenou was known for their agrarian activities. It was full of grassland used for cattle. In this period country houses occupied the space to house the people working in this sector. The Poblenou belongs to the Sant Martin district. It is placed here because of it’s proximity to Barcelona, the possibility of providing water, the cheap lands and cheap food. Between 1840 and 1850 industrial activities such as whitewash, the pattern and dry-cleaning began to occur here. As a result the demography increased. These new houses were called Pueble Nuevo or Taulat.

began due to a lack of raw materials and fuel, impoverishment of the population and the impossibility of exporting products. Between 1963 and 1990, the Poblenou lost more than 1.300 factories, it suffered neglection and degradation, factories were emptied and abandoned. Zona Franca became the new economical center. With the Olympic games coming up, the ring roads of Barcelona were built, they provided Poblenou of an exellent location. Not only the ring roads, but also the realisation of the last part of the Avenida Diagonal in February 1999, linking Poblenou to downtown Barcelona, add up to the locational benefits. The debate on the future of the Poblenou’s remaining 200 hectares opened.

In 1859 the Cerda plan was proposed which included the Poblenou. The Poblenou, or like Cerda called it in his plan, the Icària, was not realized until the 20th century because of it’s big site’s, the discontinuities of the district and the presence of the railway lines. In 1870 the number of houses and factories increased strongly, and with the passing of the frist Spanish railway the Poblenou was called the Manchester of Catalunya. Their main powers became the textile sector, trade of food and wines, metallurgy and construction, without forgetting the agricultural exploitation that always coexisted with industrial use. Most of the houses were built around the factories and had to deal with poor hygienic conditions. The working days were long, poorly paid, they weren’t given sufficient food, and there was a lack of help for illnesses and disabilities. Because of these bad conditions there was a strike, called the ‘Tragic week’ in 1909, therefor religious buildings and a police station were burned. In the second Spanish Republic, in 1931 the Poblenou got a republican, anarchist character. And because of the second world war, the Poblenou becomes a part during the war factory, and the metallurgic industry rose. After the great urban renewal movement, Barcelona suffered from the same tendency as all the other European cities: first a sudden and violent growth followed by the inevitable economic crisis. From the 1950’s on, the de-industrialisation

-Silke Maes-

Figure 10/ aereal view on the Pere IV in the 20th century

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

The 22@district Project that has been going on in the Poblenou since 1998 about transforming former industrial zones a high quality urban and environmental area for working living and learning. 3 main targets to achieve: The first objective is about creating an urban refurbishment, a place where there is a balanced and diverse environment with production centers, social housing, facilities and green space that aim to improve the quality of life and work. The second one has to do with the economical revitalization, which takes care of turning the Poblenou into one of the most important and innovative districts in regarding science, technologics and culture. They focus on media, ICT, Medtech, Energy and design. Currently 74% of the firms in 22@ district are linked to one of these 5 typologies. At last they think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important to create a network between the professionals, companies institutions and residents, this will handle the social revitalization. So far, the business rate rose with 42%, there is economical activity in 42% of the floor space, the number of companies has grown 105%, and are estimated now on 7.000. Besides 30% of the new companies are technology itensive and nowaday there are 90.000 employees, while in the year 2000 there were only 45.000 employees. They took care of the existing infrastructure with subterranean service conduts, which allows to repair or improve without the need for street-level work. New telecommunications, so companies can choose different providors, a new centralised climate control system which is cheaper and has a smaller emission of carbon dioxide. And a selective pneumatic waste system which separates organic, non-organic and paper waste. They will try to get concentration of @ activities. This means at least 20% of their urban refurbishment project must include such @ activities. This are activities that intensively use information and communication technologies and physical space. They can be specialised in research, life, science, design, engeneering,... They want to provide education and innovation centres

in the neighbourhood and want them to be situated close to production companies. 10% of the land should be given to the public sector and be used for facilites related to the productive system. New housing should provide spaces allowing people to live close to their workspace and at the same time taking care of the development of shops and trade and the vitality of the area. By this it should recover 4.600 traditional homes and additionally 4.000 new government protected dwellings. Besides this they want to create temporary working residences. By the end the district should count around 9.000 dwellings. Regarding public spaces they want to convert 10% of what previously was industrial land into public spaces. Create a network of cycle lanes and more secondary roads. To conclude, they are promoting a city model where new buildings and public spaces can exist next to elements linked with the past of the industrial quarter. they propose to save 114 buildings. Some refurbishments already have been preceded to the

-Silke Maes-

22@plan. The 22@plan supports the the Sant Andreu-Sagrera plan, which is about new high speed train station that will be the new main hub for trains For instance the train of Spain to France. They are complementing the improvements in and around the Glories square. This will transform the current overpass into an underground entrance and exit to the city. They will provide housing, green space and 8 public installations.

Figure 11/ aereal view on the area of the Poblenou

All together will supplement to the renovation of the Besos coast; Diagonal Mar, the Universal Forum, the renovation of de La Mina district and the Interuniversitary campus of Besos.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 12 (left to right) -The architect who planned reconverting the Agbar tower to a hotel is the father of the former project manager of the Projectes Habitat Urba and part of the government ciU. -Map of the touristic overcrowding and the gentrification. On the picture you see where there are hotels, where they are planning to have hotels and where there are HUT’s. -Yesterday gathering between activism group ‘ensplantem’ and councilor of Sant Marti On the picture you see the protect against hotels.

Sounding board

‘Poblenou is still kind of virgin, but the only construction projects are hotels. When are we starting to work on an urban garden, a parc for children, a library or a health center? The government is building hotels, it’s not a question of demand and supply, only about money. The Poblenou counts 32 hotels, and there are still 8 going on. I would’ve become another time that Barcelona has cannibalized itself.’ This and all of the printscreens on the right illustrate the problematics in the poblenou towards the original inhabitants of the Poblenou. They are worrying about the touristification, complaining about destroying their properties and landmarks of the old poblenou. They are concerned about the rents that are increasing and about big investors who are taking over their neighbourhood. They crave for some public services linked to housing or other public amenities linked to the human part and not to the working part. Contempory organisations manifest for keeping the current character of their neighbourhood. For instance the ‘Ens plantem’.

‘The memory of Poblenou is still alive, and it belongs to us. ‘

-Silke Maes-

-‘ensplantem’ demands: -close all of the illegal Holiday Rental Properties - limit the increse in rents - stop buying properties and investors. -Last hours: The neighbourhood Poblenou gets the flower garden de Maig which have been walled up this morning. - Tuesday 27th of September 19:30 open meeting of ‘ensplantem’ at the casino On the picture: why become a part of ‘ensplantem’ -It is happening again ! Demolition of an industrial part of BCIN Can Ricart. On the picture: Heavy machine demolishing an industrial building. -The poblenou is not for sale On the picture: manifestating people

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke Maes-

Figure 13/ Manifestation â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Poblenou is not for saleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Own site experience

While walking trough the post industrial neighbourhood, the site gives a relicted impression. Because of both the buildings, and the people. The buildings which have a relicted impression are old, but not always relicted. It just seems unused because they’re not maintained. The neighbourhood neither has what you would call a vibrant atmosphere. During the daytime several conversations happen on the streets, before work people smoke something in front of their workplace, during lunch they come outside to sit on the stairs or on the windowsill and after work they have a last work together, after which they leave. During the day it can occur that different companies clash on the street. The streets are considered a part of the working area, this as a place where meetings between different people happen. During the evening the neighbourhoods completely convert, take place into left spaces. Everybody stays inside the house after coming home from work. The neighbourhood gives an unfinished impression due to empty plots, relicted buildings, not maintained buildings, high buildings with waiting facades, next to an old lower building. What gives the neighbourhood life are the logistics. They happen on the street, and sidewalks, both are wide what makes that there’s no problem concerning loading and unloading the trucks and vans. The neighbourhood seems to be open, at least their doors or garages indicate this, although it is not possible to enter their personal workspaces. They are reservated and mysterious, like something illegal is happening in here, Taking pictures is obligated. And even when you ask to make pictures of the interiors of the garages, they don’t want you to. The explicit boundaries are taken away, but actually they are still counting. Also the cuadra of 100 on 100 meterss non accesible because of the building line that continues the whole perimeter. Seeing the cuadra from the inside is often impossible when you are not involved into the right building. Even users of the cuarda often don’t know and don’t have a view on what’s happening at the inside of the plot. There are hardly no chances for interaction.

Figure 14: Public space used as a private workspace

-Silke Maes-

Figure 15/ Meeting on the street

Figure 16/ Not maintained building used as a workspace

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 17/ Logistics happen on the street

Figure 18/ Logistics happen on the street

-Silke Maes-

Figure 19/ Relicted plot in the Poblenou

Figure 20/ Waiting facade

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke Maes-

Figure 21/ Relicted plot taken in by inhabitants

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Research question ‘How can an architectural intervention create the possibility of co-habilitating production spaces with domestic spaces and re-enforce each other without losing their own identities, values and habits via spatial characteristics in order to change the contemporary gentrification strategy of the post industrial neighbourhood in Barcelona?’

- Can we create an architectural intervention’ The aim of this research is to design in it’s final stage an architectural project. -‘How can production spaces co-habitate with domestic spaces’: The main research is based on the question of two or more things to exist together, on both urban and architectural scale. In this case we talk about 2 elements, the first one is production space. There are two types of production spaces. We have spaces where mental production happens; spaces where they work on a desk and have ideas or do administrations, and we have spaces where physical production happens; where they make goods and they deliver physical work. Thinking and making. Together they invent new products, make products and re-new products this excludes the secundary sector of the industry where they create raw materials. The second element of the co-existence are residences space that feels like home, where you feel safe and where the residential use can freely be performed. -’Re-enforce each other’: When combining differently the parties, both gain profit and strenghten each other by their co-working. -‘Without losing their own identities, values and habits via spatial characteristics’: Each building type has its own ingredients due to the function. The intervention needs to secure those identities, values and habits and cannot endanger them by disrespecting their essential spatial elements. -‘Change the contemporary gentrification strategy of the post industrial neighbourhood in Barcelona’ : This project adds another dimension to the contemporary innovation of the 22@district where they are not always responding to the needs of the contemporary users of the district.

-Silke Maes-

PRODUCTION SPACES

DOMESTIC SPACES

Illustration of research question

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

The urban strategy

After exploring the historic, contemporary and future situation of the Poblenou and listing up problems with the help of sounding boards and own experiences the urban strategy can be developed. On top of the list of importancies the character of the Poblenou maintains. This will be taken into account while creating the strategies for gentrificating the area. The first problem is the continuing hunger for building more and more hotels. By changing the plans for more future hotels into spaces for inhabitants and employees we protect the poblenou for making it into another touristic hotspot. Besides at this moment the area is relicted and fragmented. The employees are using specific spaces for their puposes, just like the inhabitants have their spaces to use. We will link residential spaces to production spaces by letting them share some spaces. This will also strengthen the liveliness during different times of the day. Both employees and inhabitants use the same area, one group during the working hours, and the other group out of the working hours. The next issue in the area is the demolishment of old buildings to implement new big projects. It is important not to start designing from a tabula rasa, but to maintain part of the original character. The re-use of these buildigns in turn is a sustainable way of reducing the energy of new construction, conserving natural ressources and reinforcing the cultural value for people to live and work in the district. It is about creating an environment of the greatest cultural value in which tradition and innovation converge. This strategy promotes a model of urban diversity in which the new buildings and public spaces stand alongside the historical vestiges and other elements representing the industrial past of the district, The target is to create a district where the original and the new buildings, functions and users are combined. to make sure that all of the new implementations are integrated to the old character. The title of the project â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;An integration district instead of an innovation districtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a translation of this concept.

-Silke Maes-

Urgencies in the area

22@plan

strategy

stop building hotels

respect he polblenou character

link different kind of users

poblenou

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Big scale analysis

Variety of functions These elements illustrate the different relations between: - Public amenities: schools, hospitals, sport center,... - Industry: everything what has to do with physical production - Public spaces: streets, squares, parcs,... - Housing: social housing, apartments, ... - Economical activities: shops, offices,... This map shows how different use of spaces are related to each other. We can see how the area is planned to become quite mixed. But we still see some of the blocks that are not planned to become mixed at all. There are some blocks with a lack of housing. And we notice that some streets will turn out to be less exiting to walk through because of this lack of variety,. Additionally the blocks completely filled with industry donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to make you live on the other side. The variety in use of spaces should strengthen the fact of people using this zone at different times and with different purposes, but at the same time use the same facilities. Employees posess more variety when inhabitants are present and the other way around as well. They support and reinforce each other. There is a network of action and reaction, they support, inspire, and reinforce each other. For example: When housing occurs somewhere, shops, restaurants,â&#x20AC;Ś , will react and settle in the neighbourhood. After, when there are more shops and other facilities, companies will come as well. Same story when production spaces will settle somewhere, other facilities will follow, and eventually housing will increase in this cityscape. Without people actually living in a district, there are less possibilities and chances for diversity. This needs to be supplemented with other primary uses, and be brought/set into a balance. It is important that those activities intensively take part and on many users. If not, they wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take part in the story of diversity.

-Silke Maes-

VARIETY IN FUNCTIONS

Figure 22/ Map of different functions

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 4 and 5 show the relation between public spaces and public amenities and economical activities. This reveals that the public spaces are not there for the inhabitants. Public places are there for the economical activities and the public amenities, all of the public spaces are linked with the public amenities or the economical areas. Beside housing gets a public space when they occur together with the public amenities or economical functions.

-When we were discussing about “placa de glories”, we came to the point people love to live around parcs.The correlation between housing and industry is shown in figure 5. It shows that industry is on a larger scale, and houses mainly are more devided and taking the ‘remaining’ places. Housing can be combined with industry but they are not attracted each other. And the correlation between industry and economical activies is shown in image 7. We see there is more presence of economical activities regarding industry. And it‘s not neccesary when industry occurs, economical activity will happen. This means that when there is industry it doens’t automaticcally implicates offices. Thinkers and makers are not linked.

-Silke Maes-

Relation between housing and public spaces

Relation between green, public amenities and economical activities

Relation between industry and eonomical activities

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Built and non-built space It is important that the district contains enough outdoor public spaces such as streets, squares and parcs. Streets will provide the opportunity to stimulate the complex use of walking back and forth. Big long homogenious streets arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t used by pedestrians. Small varied streets are a nice opportunity to walk beside and become just like parcs and squares a place for meeting and sharing. In this map the blanc spaces are not only showing the streets, squares or parcs, but also the spaces that arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t build yet, or that have been destroyed since the renewing of the district. We see squares which are totally build without any white space (on the right), and we see squares which are totally empty (more on the left), in the middle we seem to find spaces where there is a medium of built and non-built space. The plots are filled but also consist small streets.

Figure 22: Map of built and non-built spaces

-Silke Maes-

BUILT / NON BUILT

Built area Non-built area

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Low and high built Since this district is a heritage of the industrial period,. Today this is visible in the amount of low buildings. Industrial buildings in this area often have only one floor. When we walk trough the the area we get an unfinished impression. The old buildings are built low, and the new buildings are often higher and filling up the voids or replacing the old buildings that have been demolished. This creates the extreme mix up of high and low buildings.

Figure 23: Map of low and high built spaces

-Silke Maes-

DENSITY DENSITY

Building higher then 3 floors Building lower then 3 floors

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Old and new buildings In the area we see a mix of old and new buildings. Old and new buildings provide different users, different companies, different residents and different shops, due to the difference in price. In production terms it mainly means old ideas using new buildings, new ideas old buildings in general. For example for start-ups old buildings are a great alternative. And when both, old and new companies and residents of new and old buildings mix up, they will gain knowledge by meeting. We see that old buildings in general take place in smaller amounts. When new buildings are placed, they are most of the time implemented in bigger surfaces.

Figure 24: Map of old and new buildings

-Silke Maes-

ELDERLY

<1900 1900 ><1950 >1950

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Hotels In a general research of Barcelona by Barcelonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s city hall, 5.3% of respondents found tourism the biggest problem facing the city. It ranked behind unemployment and working conditions (3.19%) and traffic (5.5%). The city has more than 7 million visitors each year, since the Olympic games it has been increasing each year. Locals are worried about queues and crowded beaches or streets, and are afraid the city will lose its identity as more tourist-focused shops or attractions will open. Where hotels are, there are tourists. Barcelona has to deal with a serious touristification, recently the Poblenou also has become a victim of this matter. In between 2010 and 2015 the developed surface area growth for hotels is 114% and 10% of the commercial market in the Poblenou is about hotels, this is still increasing. This means the poblenou is also treathen by this fenominal. On the map we see the existing hotels, hotels that are built and potential places for hotels. What is quite alarming is that at the moment the existing hotels is only half of what might be coming in...

Figure 24: Map of occupation of hotels in the area

-Silke Maes-

Hotel Hotel in negociation Hotel in construction

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Area of intervention

Selecting the site happened following the urban strategy. The area of intervention will deal with an upcoming hotel, in order to create a better alternative on this spot. In the site we will have to take care of old buildings and apply another way of dealing with them, not just demolishing. On the site we deal with the fragmentation that has been going on between the residents, and the workers among themselves. We laid our eyes on the block of the Waldes industrias, where we see on the hotel map (see page 7990) that there is the plan to create a new tourist accomodation. By further investigation we found more details about this idea. Besides making 300 hotel rooms they want to preserve an underground parking space of 3 levels for 1500 cars, 30 apartments and an office building. For localising it in here they have the plan to destroy the total backside of the Waldes Industrias. This plot is on the imaginary boundary of the 22@district but literally separates the residences from the working area, in this case. This plot fulfills to all of the urgencies that have been listed up.

Figure 26/The transformation of Waldes industrias

- Hotel 300 habitaciones, 30 apartamentos y un edificio de oficinas o aparthotel para la venta o alquiler. - Parking subterraneo de 3 plantas con capacidad para 1500 coches. - Ofrecemos un proyecto en el corazรณn de Barcelona, situado a 400 metros del mar, en la zona del 22@. - wwActualmente estamos buscando inversiรณn a partir de 15.000 metros cuadrados.

-Silke Maes-

Figure 27/ Areal view od the area ss -From an innovation district to an integration district-

Small scale analysis

Figure 28/ Areal view od the area ss

-Silke Maes-

In order to understand the character of the Poblenou and the principles 22@district takes care of to gentrificate the area. This research goes more into detail about a few plots. The plot starts from the Waldes Industrias plot and reaches until the historical Pere IX axes to see how the cuadras act around more busy areas. As we are situated next to an area where the 22@pla isn’t active we extrude to the right. By this we get an area of 6 blocks where there is a mix of old and new buildings, This area is a mix of high and low buildings, an area where there are a number of relationships between the different functions. The 22@district is in charge of the re-conversion of the cityscape of the Poblenou. With its strategy it tries to gentrificate the area. In order to understand their principles, these detailled study of six blocks will give an impression. On the next pages the following organisation is applicated: The first situation plan is showing the location of the block towards the sea and the “Plaça de Glories.” The 3D images show the relations in one block between the different functions. On the second page you can find on the first illustration the original heterogeneous character of the poblenou area and shows the contemporary function of a certain building. We can see if a building is relicted or is still used. This is compared with the future plans of the 22@district. How the 22@ district tries to implement a complex combination of living and working in the unbalanced area. The relation between having a function and demolishing or giving a new function. What the conditions are to keep a building, the future plans of heritage, how they implement public spaces in an area without public spaces and how far the plan has been approved by now.

Model of the research area

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Cuadra 1 This block is situated next to the Pere IV axes which had a important role during the history. For a long time it was one of the main routes in and out of the city. Just like Diagonal, it breaks the homogenious grid designed by Cerda. A walk on the Pere IV street is considered a walk trough the history of the Poblenou. Following authors of the urban history guide Poblenou/BCN. L’eix Pere IV i la Diagonal “C/ Pere IV has very different aspects which are a living reflection of events over time. It bears the print of the working class neighbourhood which lived through confrontation and revolt, of tough factory life, of the virulence of Tragic Week and the strong kindred spirit of its cooperative, recreational and republican instruction entities. Its landscape, as anarchic as the trade unionists it housed, now bears the marks of all its eras” The block itself contains a quiete merged production and residential content. Production exists next to residences, they share the same street and we can follow this example as regards to negociation between inhabitants and workers. The fact that there is a smaller street deviding the plot into 2 sides and improves the connection between the different users of the cuadra, it provides an extra permeability and makes the psychological boundary fade. (see cover image) Doors are open, you dare to enter and knock on the doors, they open friendly and try to help you. The 22@pla marks the buildings which have a good effectivity, and wants to make sure they stay. For the industrial heritage on the site there is not a plan yet. They want to implement a public zone, for this some old small buildings have to be destroyed. In the neighbourhood there is a lack of public spaces, so implementing one in here seems like a good initiative.

-Silke Maes-

STORY: WE PRODUCE PRODUCING COMMERCIALS AND CULTURAL EVENTS

TABERNA GALEGA BAR

JUAN CEBALLOS OGANDO LOUNGE BAR

CLINICA DENTAL JOLIU GARDEN SHOP

DONER KEBAB FOODSHOP CALZATOS ROIG CLOTH SHOP BSP AGENCIA INSURANCES BAR

SABADELL BANK

LA PLATAFORMA ART GALLERY

CADA DIA WAREHOUSE

DEBEE ART GALLERY ROASTERS HOME BAR EL OTTO FITNESS CENTER

EL NOU TR35 BAR SEVIP ALARMS AND SECURITY SERVICE

TECNO ORTESIS ORTHODONTIC STORY: WE PRODUCE PRODUCING COMMERCIALS AND CULTURAL EVENTS

TABERNA GALEGA BAR

JUAN CEBALLOS OGANDO LOUNGE BAR

CLINICA DENTAL JOLIU GARDEN SHOP

DONER KEBAB FOODSHOP CALZATOS ROIG CLOTH SHOP BSP AGENCIA INSURANCES BAR

SABADELL BANK

LA PLATAFORMA ART GALLERY

CADA DIA WAREHOUSE

DEBEE ART GALLERY ROASTERS HOME BAR EL OTTO FITNESS CENTER

EL NOU TR35 BAR SEVIP ALARMS AND SECURITY SERVICE

TECNO ORTESIS ORTHODONTIC STORY: WE PRODUCE PRODUCING COMMERCIALS AND CULTURAL EVENTS

TABERNA GALEGA BAR

JUAN CEBALLOS OGANDO LOUNGE BAR

Figure 29/ Analysis plot 1 CLINICA DENTAL

-From an innovation district to an integration districtJOLIU GARDEN SHOP

Cuadra 2 In this block we mainly see housing blocks who are combined with small shops or other economical facilities. The industrial building was originally situated on the inside of the plot. Very low permeability towards the inside of the plot,there is no way of seeing whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s happening inside. The inside building is connected to a few buildings on the outside of the plot. They provide access to the inside. People wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let you in, they are not open for a talk, everybody is living his life, and there is not that much happening in the streets. At the moment the factory in the inner plot, which is not acesseable by public, is not used. The district is raddically planning to demolish this old factory and replace it by a parc that will pierce the plot into two. They are protecting the existing housing which is higher than 3 floors and planning some economical activity next to the public space. The heritage building has no clear plan at the moment. So far nothing has been approved yet.

-Silke Maes-

INDOOR NOVATEC PRODUCTION OF PLANTS INSIDE COMPANIA CLAQUE CAMUT DANCE CLASSES SERVICES

SUPERMERCAT WAREHOUSE

FARMACIA

BAR MONACO

BAR CASA ATANDA BAR

FRANCES CREIXELL HAIRDRESSER SERVICES

PROXIM WAREHOUSE

MBT ASSISTENT OFFICE SERVICES FOR COMPANIES AND TOURISTS OPENPAN BAKERY

RAVEN BAR

BCN SHOWROOM SHOP ARTISANAL THINGS BCN

JULIE COSMONAUTE NIGHTCLUB WITH LED SHOP

ULTRA LOCAL MUSIC PRODUCTION

RAFATO THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THEATERS

CO WORKING 021

CARSHOOTING MAKING COMMERCIALS ABOUT CARS

INDOOR NOVATEC PRODUCTION OF PLANTS INSIDE COMPANIA CLAQUE CAMUT DANCE CLASSES SERVICES

SUPERMERCAT WAREHOUSE

FARMACIA

BAR MONACO

BAR CASA ATANDA BAR

FRANCES CREIXELL HAIRDRESSER SERVICES

PROXIM WAREHOUSE

HOUSE MBT ASSISTENT OFFICE SERVICES FOR COMPANIES AND TOURISTS OPENPAN BAKERY

RAVEN BAR

BCN SHOWROOM SHOP ARTISANAL THINGS BCN

JULIE COSMONAUTE NIGHTCLUB WITH LED SHOP

RAFATO THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THEATERS

CO WORKING 021

ULTRA LOCAL MUSIC PRODUCTION

CARSHOOTING MAKING COMMERCIALS ABOUT CARS

Figure 30/ Analysis plot 2 -From an innovation district to an integration district-

SELITXET FO EGA ROTS :LANIGIRO WON LOOHCS SI

ONISAC DLO :LANIGIRO STFOL :ERUTUF

Cuadra 3

GNISUOH ROF ELBASU-ER SGNIDLIUB LAIRTSUDNI 3 NAHT EROM FO YTIVITCEFFE 3 NAHT EROM FO YTIVITCEFFE HTIW GNIDLIUB

PUOS ROF ATSAP FO YROTCAF :LANIGIRO ? :ERUTUF

This block is situated under the plot where the street is implemented.This road leads to this cuadra, but doesn’t extrude the smaller street. The road leads to the entrance of the university building which is not acceseable for outstanders. The university is located in an old factory which has been renovated. When you are able to enter the university building, you’ll see very small outside spaces. These spaces are used by the students to lunch and are very much appreciated. The inner garden is situated next to the balconies of the residences on that cuadra. SECNEDISER 621 On the cuadra there is hardly no Spresence ECIVRES 2anymore M 069 63 -of production spaces. This because of the transformation of the school, and because of the demolishing of an old industrial building. The 22@pla again marks the buildings with more then 3 floors, they can stay and be transformed to housing or offices. The renewing of the old textile storage building into the university has already taken place. The second valuable building, the old casino will be transformed into lofts since those plans also have been approved, and the factory of pasta will probably be transformed into offices. The future of the rest of the cuadra has not been defined yet.

-Silke Maes-

LA BODEGUETA RESTAURANT

EMERGIA OFFICES online communication process management

REPUBLICA BARCELONA APARTMENTS

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA TECHNICAL CENTER

EL SETANTA HUIT TATTOO SHOP LEKA RESTAURANT

MUNTANA MINI BMW SELLING AND REPARATION OF CARS IGLESIA ASSEMBLEA DE GERMANS

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

COMGRAPHIC GRAPHICAL OFFICE PUBLISHER PRINTING GREGAL PRODUCTION - DISTRIBUTION - SERVICES INDUSTRIAL ACCESORRIES LA BODEGUETA RESTAURANT

EMERGIA OFFICES online communication process management

REPUBLICA BARCELONA APARTMENTS

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA TECHNICAL CENTER

EL SETANTA HUIT TATTOO SHOP LEKA RESTAURANT

MUNTANA MINI BMW SELLING AND REPARATION OF CARS IGLESIA ASSEMBLEA DE GERMANS

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

COMGRAPHIC GRAPHICAL OFFICE PUBLISHER PRINTING GREGAL PRODUCTION - DISTRIBUTION - SERVICES INDUSTRIAL ACCESORRIES LA BODEGUETA RESTAURANT

EMERGIA OFFICES online communication process management

REPUBLICA BARCELONA APARTMENTS

-From an innovation district to an integration districtBAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

Figure 31/ Analysis plot 3 61

Cuadra 4 This plot is totally built, there is a minimum of outside space. Besides this, the plot exists out of buildings who all have the same height, 2 floors high, and are build with prefabricated facades. This plot consists pretty new buildings, in cheap prefabricated materials, and is built with a maximum of 2 floors. Generally the plot is filled with makerspaces, exept for one office and one small university building. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not possible to see the plot from the inside, but architecturally thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nothing different to remark than from the outside. The streets next to these buildings are quite boring, since there is also nothing happening at the plot. The plan for the future is not known yet, but there are ideas of turning it into a container park, a station or a parking spot. This may be combined with another street crossing the plot.

-Silke Maes-

INDISSOLUBLE CREATING EXHIBITION SPACES GRAPHIC OFFICE, BUILDING SPACES, CREATING TECHNOLOGY

SOPREMA S.L. DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTION, SERVICES

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

Dedicates all its effort and experience in the development of products related to the world of welding and the instruments of temperature and pressure control.

VALKIRIA HUB SPACE CO-WORKING OFFICES

MANUFACTURING Own production of products for welding, temperature and pressure. DI DISTRIBUTION Distribution of instruments of different qualities for measurement and control. THE MEASURE Manufacturing and Customization according to the needs of the client. SERVICES

REYMATEX SA TEXTILE COMPANY DISTRIBUTING CENTER AGPOGRAF S.A PUBLISHER - PRINTER - OFFICES STORAGE

PRIVALIA WEBSHOP STORAGE

LOEWE STORAGE

INDISSOLUBLE CREATING EXHIBITION SPACES GRAPHIC OFFICE, BUILDING SPACES, CREATING TECHNOLOGY

SOPREMA S.L. DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTION, SERVICES

BAU CENTRE UNIVERSITARIA DESSINY

Dedicates all its effort and experience in the development of products related to the world of welding and the instruments of temperature and pressure control.

VALKIRIA HUB SPACE CO-WORKING OFFICES

REYMATEX SA TEXTILE COMPANY DISTRIBUTING CENTER AGPOGRAF S.A PUBLISHER - PRINTER - OFFICES STORAGE

PRIVALIA WEBSHOP STORAGE

LOEWE STORAGE

Figure 32/ Analysis plot 4 -From an innovation district to an integration district-

Cuadra 5 (plot of intervention) This cuadra is situated at the edge of the 22@pla which is taking care of the gentrification of the post industrial area. The 3 blocks continuing a small street on the left of the plot is arriving onto this cuadra. The plot is completely build, and consists for 50 percent out of a parking lot. This parking lot is not used actively, half of it is empty and can only be used by an office company in the block itself, during the working hours. The parking space is freely acceseable for pedestrians and can be seen as a extension of the small street of the cuadras on the left. The industry happening on the plot is quite heavy, they are producing buttons for clothes, and have permission to continue for ten more years. The heavy industry is ofcourse not a request from the 22@ district. They would love to turn this old factory to a housing project. In the future the parcel is planned to be ruined partly and to be transformed in a supermodern hotel, apartments and offices. A street will cross the economical facilities. This has been approved already.

-Silke Maes-

CARN DE GIRONA SHOP FRIGORICOS DEL TER S.A. FRIDGES FOR THE MEAT

PARKING 22@ MIETE

ACADEMIA BARCELONA JIU JIUTSI SPORT CENTER

INDUSTRIAS WALDES PRODUCTION OF METAL PIECES FOR CLOTHING AND MACHINES

MIETE 22@ OFFICES

CARN DE GIRONA SHOP FRIGORICOS DEL TER S.A. FRIDGES FOR THE MEAT

PARKING 22@ MIETE

ACADEMIA BARCELONA JIU JIUTSI SPORT CENTER MIETE 22@ OFFICES

INDUSTRIAS WALDES PRODUCTION OF METAL PIECES FOR CLOTHING AND MACHINES

Figure 33/ Analysis plot 5 -From an innovation district to an integration district-

Cuadra 6 In this plot there is a lack of people actually living here. In the weekends and after the working hours, this plot becomes a quiet space. The working spaces itselves seem to be not intensively used either. The parcel is so enclosed that you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find a sign of activity. The buildings are so shielded from the streetside and when you ask for entering the workspace, people act mysterious about their work. It seems like they are doing in some kind of illegal businesses. The 22@district has the plan to demolish most of the existing buildings and implement an elderly home in here. This is already approved. The existing higher corners can stay, and have an economical function.

-Silke Maes-

ARCADIA MOTION PICTURES PRODUCING MOVIES GYROTONIC PERSONAL TRAINER CARROSERIA LLULL SERVICE PAINTING CARS

DIMAC PET FOOD SHOP WHOLESALE

INSTMAN FIELDS S.A. MAKING AND INSTALLATION OF THERMIC INSTALLATIONS

COMPANY FOR ELEVATORS SERVICE OF PLACING

RACO DE LA VILA RESTAURANT

ARDITEX SHOP FOR PRESENTS

FOLCH STUDIO I EDITORIAL DESIGN AND ART DIRECTION OFFICE ARQUITECTURA G OFFICE

ALUMNIS BARCELONA METAL WORKING

JAUME PUIS COLLDEFONS TAXI COMPANY STORAGE PARKING SPACE

METALCON PRODUCTION OF KEYS

FOR RENT STORAGE OF VEHICLES AVE BAR/RESTAURANT

AUTO FUBER POBLE NOU SELLING AND MAINTAINING CARS

ARCADIA MOTION PICTURES PRODUCING MOVIES GYROTONIC PERSONAL TRAINER CARROSERIA LLULL SERVICE PAINTING CARS

DIMAC PET FOOD SHOP WHOLESALE

INSTMAN FIELDS S.A. MAKING AND INSTALLATION OF THERMIC INSTALLATIONS

COMPANY FOR ELEVATORS SERVICE OF PLACING

RACO DE LA VILA RESTAURANT

ARDITEX SHOP FOR PRESENTS

FOLCH STUDIO I EDITORIAL DESIGN AND ART DIRECTION OFFICE ARQUITECTURA G OFFICE

ALUMNIS BARCELONA METAL WORKING

JAUME PUIS COLLDEFONS TAXI COMPANY STORAGE PARKING SPACE

METALCON PRODUCTION OF KEYS

FOR RENT STORAGE OF VEHICLES AVE BAR/RESTAURANT

AUTO FUBER POBLE NOU SELLING AND MAINTAINING CARS

Figure 33/ Analysis plot 6 -From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 34/ Ways of meeting in the research area Conclusion

pletely filled with buildings, a demolishing could be justified because of the lack of public spaces.

Out of this study of six blocks a general impression of the happening in the 22@district transformation is made. In the original state of the different plots mixing work and living is not happening as flexible as it should. In most of the cases the plots have a working, or a residential atmosphere. When both of the factors occur on the same plot, mostly the residences are situated in the corners and extrude their influence area from here on. The 22@district is not planning to directly intervene at projects that influence this balance positive. The transforming of the buildings into residences is mainly based on the criteria for buildings higher then 4 floors. They decide whether the building can be transformed into lofts. Makerspaces are situated in the relicted old industrial buildings in most of the cases, but are endangered by the crave of destruction of the 22@district. This because they are bad maintained and often are lower buildings. The buildings that are planned to be removed, mostly are related to a public space. So far on these cuadras there was the absence of public spaces. And since the blocks are com-

The transformation of the plots happens completely on their functional determination. And so it guarantees the financial security for the project. Intervening in the plot happens as soon as they have decided on the function. We often see that the buildings are only defined for 1 type of function. Exept for housing and the commercial activity, functions hardly collide together. The buildings of housing and production spaces can all be placed next to each other, their walls form the fysical borders and exclude each other between the different landowners. The organisation of the production spaces and the residences never contain or merge together so far. Housing and production spaces are strictly separated, they exclude each other by their own walls which form the strict separation between the different types of users. This is unlike the different working spaces which can collide within their facade,

-Silke Maes-

DEMOLISHING: 5% - OLD FACTORIES HERITAGE: ? KEEP: +3 FLOORS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM X

DEMOLISHING: 10% - OLD FACTORY HERITAGE: HOUSING KEEP: +3 FLOORS NOT IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM OLD FACTORIES: HOUSING OR PUBLIC AMENITY

DEMOLISHING: 80% - OLD FACTORIES HERITAGE: HOUSING X KEEP: X IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM OLD FACTORIES: HOUSING

DEMOLISHING: OLD FACTORIES HERITAGE: HOUSING KEEP: +3 FLOORS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM X

DEMOLISHING: 60% - LOW QUALITY FACTORY HERITAGE: HOUSING X KEEP: X IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM X

DEMOLISHING: 70% - OLD FACTORIES HERITAGE: HOUSING X KEEP: +3 FLOORS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC SPACE TRANSFORM X

Figure 35/ Transformation of the 22@ study territory adress or even building. We can see there is a positive influence when we intervene with a street. The possibility for the production spaces and housing to interact by sharing a collective street which is used by both of the users, is interesting for all . The 22@district often intervenes at public spaces by implementing a street that crosses the plot. This will make the difficult fysical boundary fade away for entering the plot. The cuadras without a small street in the middle are configured in a way that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow to penetrate the plot to the inside. There is a difference in how the working plots and the residential plots are organisated. The working function allows to fully build the plot, and receive the permeability by the different buildings which are connected to each other by the interiors of the buildings. On the other hand the residential buildings and plots are characterised by a totally different configuration. The residential buildings have the urgency of being accesible through the street. This makes that they intervene with an extra street, or on the inside of the plot the production function is active.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Cuadra 1 In this plot we see the relation between the workers and residents is near. They are not only sharing the same street, but even the buildings contain both of the functions. We see that housing is closely linked with shops, restaurants and other small economical activities. There is some outside space this is used for loading and unloading and becomes a meeting space between the different neighbours. In the evening the residents meet in the garden, during the working hours the garden is used for labouring. The different heights of the building are depending on the function. Makerspaces and economical activities are situated on the lowest level. Housing completes the building on the upper floors because of privacy reasons.

During dayyme used for produccon, outside working hours, used by residents

-Silke Maes-

Cuadra 3

Cuadra 5 (plot of intervention)

In this section there is a combination of offices with makerspaces and a mixed garage. Again the makerspace is situated on the ground level for practical reasons, the offices are placed both on the ground level and on the upper floors. One building contains both maker and thinker spaces. There is a void visible of the recent demolishing of an old factory building. Inside the void there is nothing happening, it is fenced and you cannot enter. The shared parking building is not acceseable for non tenants.

Inside this plot there is absolutely no relation between workers and residents. The plot is for more then 50% owned by Miete, which is an technological innovation agency of the 22@district. The old factory buildings are used as a parking space during the working hours since they are only available for people who work at Miete. The lowest level of the office miete is used as an entrance floor. The upper levels are used as offices. In the ultimate right building, the Waldes Industrias, the lowest level also functions as a reception, which leads you to the upper storages and offices, or the maker space on the inner side. In this case one building contains makers and thinkers.

Plot of intervennon

Demolished old factory

Owned by miete Parking space

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Case study

Figure 34/ floor plans Strijp-S.

-Silke Maes-

Figure 38/office unit in old industrial building

Figure 39/living unit in old industrial building

Figure 40/circulation in old industrial building

Strijp-s - Anton and Gerard Eindhoven Situated in Eindhoven on old Philips site of 27 ha. Place where working, living and entertainment come together. This initiative is started by Trudo, who invited interested people to think with them to make this creation a better one and help them determine the decisions.

For the lofts/offices can a kitchen island and a cube with sanitary be implemented. They have 2 points where they can connect to tecnics. Inhabitants can create their own interior and the spaces have the licence of both, being a loft or an office. In only one day the cube and kitchen island can be removed.

On the site you can find polyvalentive spaces, factoryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, offices, lofts, residences, restaurants, cafes, a hotel etc.

Anton

I am focussing on 2 old industrial buildings which are transformed into (co-)housing, lofts, small and bigger ateliers and offices. They are both splitted up on the ground floor to connect the Torenallee with the inner square. On the ground floor both of the buildings have the function to attract people by providing offices, museums and galleries. You have the possibility in here to rent small spaces from 10m2 or up until 300 m2. The spaces in here are adapteable, they can be extended or be made smaller in the future depending on their requirement. This thanks to their flexible structure with columns on 4.2 and a free height of 4.5 meters.

Designed by Diederen en Dierrex who worked with oval stair houses which connect all of the different floors with each other and horizontal, vertical and diagonal sights are created. These spaces are created so different users can meet. Gerard This is created by Coenen architects, they worked mainly with vides to transport light trough the roof windows downstairs.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Architectural strategy

-Silke Maes-

We will try to re-use as much as possible the old buildings as a sustainable way of reducing the energy of new construction, less waste, less materials and less energy to rebuild it. It is about creating an environment of the greatest cultural value in which tradition and innovation converge. This strategy promotes a model of urban diversity in which the new buildings stand along the historical vestiges and other elements representing the industrial past of the district. - As an architectural strategy in the first place this project will be about different levels of collectiveness. The aim is to create a project in which the different users create a life in their own private space. But besides this have several other spaces ca be used for other causes. And they create a social network on different levels, gradually the architecture will lead them to further connections. The project is about different meetings. - Private space meets cluster (a space that is shared between different users of the same group (or residents, or workers (makers or thinkers) The private space has a low boundary to the clustering area, the different spaces are only one door away. Entering the apartment or office happens via the common hall, and you choose to go to the private space, or you have the temptation of first having a look in the shared space. The private space, in case of an apartment will consist out of a sleeping area, a bathroom, a small living room, and a little kitchen. In case of offices you find only the practical office in this space. The height of the private space will be characterised with a ceiling of 3 meters high, which is more intimate, while the clusterspace will be the double. In the clusterspace you can find a large kitchen, and big table for dinners. In the new buildings the clusterspaces have the same architecture and you find a box inside the space, inside the box there is a toilet, and 2 storage units, one for the kitchen and one for the common cleaning stuff and washing machines. On the box you find a common chilling space. This space will be the space where you can have visits as well. In the old buildings the clusterspaces are not always visually linked with the shared room. This due to the existing architecture, and the bigger spaces that are needed for the workspaces. This may not cause a problem because in the workspaces there is no toilet or kitchen foreseen which forces them to go to the shared space anyways.

- Clusterspace meets clusterspace The different clusterspaces are easely recogniseable from the outside. This by adding pop-out elements to the facade. These pop-out elements will be facing the other pop-out elements, and in this way the different clusters will visually connect with each other. The connecting street is a result of demolishing buildings. (since the plot was completely built) This in order to connect all of the different buildings on the site, and give them all the same opportunities to create a network. The street will be generated by as less as possible boundaries, so people wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel shy to explore the outside space between the different buildings. They will allow transport of vans and will provide a safe way for pedestrians to move to the different buildings. The rooftop will contain a place for playing basketball. The undesigned space is a space where people can meet accidentially because they know this place is here, there will be created a bound between them - Plot meets the neighboorhood The building will be put on a platform, this to generate contact easely by giving the people the opportunity to have a seat, and have their lunch on the street. This way is used already in the district and seems to work. The new building will contain a commercial facade by foreseeing the commonly used garages in the district. The garages will be put systematictly on the ground floor level and can be used for different purposes like restaurants, offices or shops. - The people we want to attract in the existing part of the project are startups. The startup can take place in the provided makerspace or offices. In the new buildings we provide more expensive office spaces (because theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re new) and apartments for couples. - The project will have a generic facade. This is based on the same principle of keeping or demolishing a building, (as we will see in the next step, the architectural intervention) Since we want to maintain the character of the Poblenou, and demolish only the minimum, one of the points this investigation is focussing on is the facade. In the history they build the facade in a long lasting way. Just like we are maintaining those we

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

A GENERIC FACADE

BOX IN A BOX PRINCIPLE

A GENERIC FACADE

BOX IN A BOX PRINCIPLE

-Silke Maes-

try to provide another one in the new project. We are trying to organise new ways of use inside of an old shelter. In order for the future we provide a facade which can manage with different kind of uses, so in the future this shelter can be reused as well. - Besides the generic facade today the structure often is more longlasting. We are combining both.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Original state

7 6

2 3

The original plot Before the architectural intervention process can start, there is this short examination of the plot as it is existing. Every building on the cuadra has a number thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s illustrated with a picture to get a visual idea of how the spaces relate to each other.

-Silke Maes-

Original state of the plot with its elevation

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 41/ Building 1: This is the entrance of the Waldes industrias built in 1919. Inside there is happening heavy industry by producing buttons for clothes People meet in front of the building when having a break They recently got a licence for continuing for another 10 years.

Figure 42/ Building 2: The picture shows the entrance of the Miete22@ office building built in 1970. In here there are offices for rent for different technological companies. You an rent your own space in here, and there is one common kitchen on the top level of the building.

Figure 43/ Building 3: You can see one of the entrances of the parking spot. The building is built in 1970 and the structure is made out of wood, the facade is a brick cemented wall.

-Silke Maes-

Figure 44/ Building 4: This is the oldest building on the site where they give jiujitsu classes. The facade is in brick.

Figure 45/ Building 5: This building is part of the garage and is built in 1975, it has an exellent brick cemented facade and a wooden structure in good condition.

Figure 46/ Building 6: This building is also part of the garage and has the same facade and wall types as building 5, the structure is made of steel. It was built in 1975

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 47/ Building 7: This building is also part of the garage, and just like the ones before, built in 1975, it has no exterior facade, is in the middle of all the different buidings, has a steady steel structure.

Figure 48/ Building 8: Building thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s part of the garage, is the biggest and the highest. the facade is made out of brick and is cemented, and the building has a steel structure It was built in 1975;

Figure 49/ Building 9: It was not possible to enter this building on the higher levels. But on the ground level it makes a link from garage to garage. Building is made out of brick and is cemented at some places. The facade shows there is a high level on the ground floor and upper 2 levels. Just like the other buildings on this sde of the plot it was built in 1975.

-Silke Maes-

Figure 50/ Building 10: Building was built in 1975 and it forms the front facade of building 6,7 and 8, just like them it is part of the garage. It is made out of different steel panels with gates for opening up the building like a garage. The structure is of steel.

Figure 51/ Building 11: This building is also part of the garage, it was built in 1975 in a more modern style. but with a bad quality facade, which is from steel panels, and contains a steel structure.

Figure 52/ Building 12: Building from 1936, which was not possible to enter. It is made out of a cemented brick and possibly has 3 floors when you look at the facade. The lowest floor provides a makerspace, the 2 upper floors could be a house or offices.

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Figure 53/ Building 13: Building from 1910 that’s part of the garage, massive facades out of plastered bricks, and one wall exists out of columns. The structure is made out of wood.

Figure 54/ Building 14: Building that’s part of the garage, built in 1910. It contains massive plastered walls and just likt the previous one a wall made out of columns, the wooden structure carries the roof.

Figure 55/ Building 15: Inside this building the company ‘Frigorificos del Ter S.A. is located, which is a good working meat company. The building is made out of bricks with plaster cladding. It was built in 1936.

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Architectural Intervention

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

-Silke Maes-

After exploring the existing situation and the conditions of the buildings, we need to decide which buildings we can re-use. The first issue of 22@ pla is the demolishing of old buildings to implement new big projects. It is important not start designing from a tabula rasa, but maintain part of the original character. The re-use of these buildigns is a sustainable way of reducing the energy of new construction, less waste, less materials and less energy to rebuild it. It is important to conserve natural ressources and reinforce the cultural value for people to live and work in the district. This strategy promotes a model of urban diversity in which the new buildings and public spaces stand alongside the historical vestiges and other elements representing the industrial past of the district.

STEP 1 Functions and buildings that need to stay because they are functioning well. STEP 2 A smaller street is implemented as an extrusion of the existing smaller street on the left. By doing this we break trough the imaginary boundary of the 22@pla, and we are connecting the area on the left thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not included in the 22@project. These blocks are mainly residences combined with economical functions. We let those blocks involve in our cuadra. En above this, we gain the 3 parks that are laying in between the blocks on the left. We did not decide to implement the street in the buildings that totally crosses the plot from the right to the left (no 3,14) , but we chose to destroy 4 different (parts of) buildings (no 4,8,10 and 13) This because of the good maintainance of these buildings. For this the jiu-jitsu space is demolished, this will have to be compensated somewhere in the design.

partners. For this also part of an existing company (laying in the green zone) had to be destroyed. For this there needs to be provided a good alternative. STEP 4 The last step is demolishing the structures and facades which canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be re-used. For this we demolish 2 buildings (no 9 and 11) In this place the new buildings will be placed.

STEP 3 It will have a positive influence to connect all of the different buildings, and create a certain permeability. This will shape a space where actual communication is possible, there is space to talk, and no longer a space where only different buildings will meet. For providing a good connection between the different buildings inside the plot, we demolish parts of buildings (no 8, 12 and 15). By doing this the shared spaces that will be provided are acceseable not only for the new buildings, but for all of the buildings in the cuadra in this way they get involved as well in the networking as experienced -From an innovation district to an integration district-

Plot as it is existing with the building heights and the different buildings

Plot without the demolished buildings and a first tryout of implementing the new buildings

Shared space towards the streetside

Plot with leftover existing buildings. Schematicly shown how ground floor plan could be organised.

Shared space towards the streetside

Plot with the combination of old and new buildings Schematicly shown how ground floor plan could be organised.

-Silke Maes-

The plots in the Poblenou are based on the principle of pars pro toto, the sum of the parts is bigger then the whole. We can recognize this by looking at the plots and the way the different buildings are collided into each other. It’s like a puzzle and besides this the buildings are not used one by one, but they work together, you enter one building and it leads you towards and into another. This is illustrated in the first model. In this case the area was a parking space before and the whole lot was connected with each other by holes in the wall, and the cars could drive from the one buiding to the other.

structures and walls that are staying, how they relate to the outside and to the other buildings. In figure 8903 there is a scheme which explains each function has its own expectations, habits and needs. This is used as a guidance through the project how to organise the different functions. This scheme is schematicly applied on the ground floor plan to have an impression of what could happen on the plot.

By having this in mind, the design existed. We don’t have to intervene with one superblock, but with different buildings. On figure 67839 there is shown how the new buildings will be implemented. The first building on the left has take into account that there needs to be a way of loading the goods of the building behind. The height of the building is determined by the building behind as well, for getting enough light inside the building. The building in the middle has a back and front facade which is not meeting any other building. This building will be able to catch the maximum of light on each floor. The building totally on the right we are not gonna make it too high because we don’t want to create a dark spot in the corner, we want to maintain this in order to give a function to this corner. The next step is to get an impression of what could be happening inside the buildings. On figure 8920 we see which

RESIDENCES Building with exellent techniques Entrance from the streetside for the safety Quiet area

SHARED SPACES Washing machines Kitchen Outside space Circulaaon

ECONOMICAL FUNCTIONS Building with exellent tecniques Entrance from the streetside for the safety Quiet area

Bathroom Kitchen Garden Circulaaon

OFFICES Building with exellent tecniques Entrance from the streetside for the safety Quiet area

Bathroom Kitchen Garden Circulaaon

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

MAKERSPACES Old cheap building Big space/big ﬂexibility Think about logisscs

Bathroom Kitchen Garden Circulaaon

First exploration on the permeable street

First exploration on the relation between the existing structure and the new intervention

-Silke Maes-

First exploration on box in a box

First exploration, overview

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Materials The project is a combination of implementing new buildings and at the same time intervening on the existing buildings. As those expect a totally different type of intervention, we will try to unify both with the same kind of material. We have 2 categories; the permanent and massive intervention and the carefull and more temporary element. The old building is taken as a starting point, to later oN implement kind of the same principle for the new building. The old building On the right you see moodboards of the different clusters of the old buildings. There is an enormous variety in materials and in order to not create a cacophony we implement only with one material, wood for the structure and for the facades. This is a cheap

material, which makes sure we can foresee the makers and thinkers from a cheap space. The new building For the new building it is important to preserve a everlasting shelter and structure. This needs to be designed in a massive and permanent material. So we have to make sure that this new building is put in a way that the old buildings are not disturbed. There is chosen for concrete because of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s simplicity, and because we can perform both, the structure and facade, in concrete. This is important because there are already so many materials used on the plot and this will unify a little bit. Concrete has a big inertion which is a huge advantage as regards thermal conditions. Besides the massive part, we have the more temporal elements, we think about the interior, elements that can be deleted more easely, this wil be designed in the same material as the carefull element in the old building, in wood.

Determination of the different materials

-Silke Maes-

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

-Silke MaesOï¬&#x192;ces miete 22@

Addiional makerspace for meat of Girona

-From an innovation district to an integration districtShop meat of Girona Makerspace meat of Girona

PLAN GROUND LEVEL

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Section AA

-Silke Maes-

SECT

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

Section 99 BB

100

-Silke Maes-

Image of implemented transition -From an innovation district to an integration district-

101

Image of meeting in one of the shared outside spaces

102

-Silke Maes-

Image of meeting street with the plot

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

103

Aereal view on the model

104

-Silke Maes-

Old and new meeting

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

105

Old and new meeting

106

-Silke Maes-

Transition

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

107

Detail of box inside of existing building

108

-Silke Maes-

Detail of box popping out of existing concrete facade

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

109

Detail of a window in the generic new facade

110

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

111

Conclusions and reflections

Last year was a rollercoaster of challenges. Living a half year a life that hinges on the thesis and constantly being busy with a design, caused clear and confusing moments with a whole assortment of discussions. The site of the “Sants estacion” was the start of the research in which I wanted to have a main focus on the old building “Sants estacion” because of my interest of working with the existing. Pretty quick the production interest took the upper hand and I stumbled into the site of the Poblenau, in which I saw a more feasibility and in which a higher success rate is possible. The interest in old buildings is answered by the old relicted industrial buildings which were yearning for maintainance and new functions. I enjoyed the research on how the architecture answered through the years on the industrial needs of the area. In this new chapter of renewing the Poblenou I wanted to propose a new solution in which we are working with the old, a new proposal in which the new and as well the old reach both their full benefit and collide together. The depth research which was leaded by the streetscape framework gave inputs which i never had thought about before, but was an excellent guidance to the human part about spatial qualities in space. By this the design could create spaces defined by precise descriptions of the space because of the acts and feelings that we wanted to play in the space.

112

-Silke Maes-

Working atmosphere

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

113

Bibliography

Books N. J. Habraken, The structure of the ordinary, Mitpress, 2000 T. Bergevoet, M. Van Tuijl, De flexibele stad : oplossingen voor leegstaand en krimp, 2013, nai010uitgevers S. Morales, Ten lessons on Barcelona, COAC, 2008 K. Scheerlinck, Collective Spaces Streetscape Territories 2, 2013, LUCA School of Arts. K. Scheerlinck, Barcelona Streetscape Territories Notebook 4 : Raval, 2014, LUCA School of Arts

Re:work Making place for industry, logistics and wholesale in Brussels, 2013, ULB J. Jacobs, Dood en leven van grote Amerikaanse steden, SUN, Amsterdam Articles A+ architectuur in Belgie, oktober-november 2016, edito Dogma : working and living Bozar : a good city has industry, folder Internet Z.N, (2003) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;History of the Poblenouâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, discovering bcn 22@, https://discoveringbcn22.wordpress.com/history-of-poblenou-2/, visited on 11-04-2017

114

-Silke Maes-

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

115

Figure 01 Figure 02 Figure03 Figure 04 Figure 05 Figure 06 Figure 07 Figure08 Figure 09 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 FIgure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure 39 Figure 40 Figure 41 Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 44 Figure 45 Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure 48 Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure 52 Figure 53 Figure 54 Figure 55 116

Image credits

Picture about Poblenau atmosphere (made by Silke Maes ) Mapping about economy in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (ABM Barcelona) Mapping about economy in the capital of Barcelona (ABM Barcalona) Collage of production spaces (google maps) Elevation of production spaces (google maps) Transition (made by Silke Maes) Transition (made by Silke Maes) Transition ( made by Silke Maes) Production space in transition (made by Silke Maes) Areal view of the Carrer Père IV, 20th century (http://fotos.arxiuhistoricpoblenou.cat) Areal view of the Poblenou (ajuntament barcelona) Quote and images of inhabitants(Twitter) Picture “Poblenau is not for sale” (Twitter) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Atmosphere Poblenou (made by Silke Maes) Map of different functions ( 22@pla) Map of built & non built areas (google maps) Map of low and high buildings (google maps) Map of old and new buildings (website) Map of hotels in the area (google maps) Picture of the transformation of Waldes Industrias (website) Areal view of the area (Apple maps) Areal view of the area (Apple maps) Analysis plot 1 (22@pla) Analysis plot 2 ((22@pla) Analysis plot 3 (22@pla) Analysis plot 4 (22@pla) Analysis plot 5 (22@pla) Analysis plot 6 (22@pla) Ways of meeting (google maps) Conclusions on the transformation (22@pla) Floor plans Strijp S. (internet) office unit in old industrial building Living unit in old industrial building Circulation in old industrial building Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Exploration of the Waldes plot (made by Silke Maes) Working atmosphere (made by Sophie Nieuwbourg) -Silke Maes-

/ 3 5 8 10 11 11 12 12 14 16 18 20 21 22 23 23 24 24 26 32 35 37 39 41 43 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 59 60 61 69 69 69 76 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 78 79 79 79 80 80 111

-From an innovation district to an integration district-

117