REDEFINING FOOT OVER STRUCTURES (Enhancing the Pedestrian Experience)
Name: Simar Paul Roll No. : MD21MDES11007 Guide: Dr. Shiva Ji Word Count: 4490 Words
STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Department of Design Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
Acknowledgement
First and foremost I am grateful to the almighty for establishing me to complete this research, keeping in mind the pandemic which had a serious impact on everyone. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Shiva Ji for guiding me.I am extremely grateful and indebted to him for his expert, sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me. I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of Department of Design for their help and encouragement whenever needed. I also thank my parents for their unceasing support. I also place on record, my sense of gratitude to one and all who, directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this research.
Table of Contents 1
Introduction
2
Background and Need for Study
3
Problem Statement
4
Objectives
5
Methodology
6
Methodology Framework
7
Research Question
8
Literature Review 8.1
Understanding Pedestrians
8.1.1
Why FOBs?
8.1.2
Walkability
8.2
Study of Pedestrian Movement in Foot Over Bridges
8.2.1
Procedure
8.2.2
Data Collection Sites
8.2.3
Factors Influencing Pedestrian Flow
8.2.4
Results of Study
8.2.5
Conclusions
8.2.6
Key Inferences
8.3
Sustainable and Green Bridge Design 101
8.3.1 8.4
9
Principles of green and sustainable design
Sustainability Rating Systems
8.4.1
Sustainable Priorities for Bridges:
8.4.2
Steel Bridge Advantage
8.4.3
Innovative Design and Steel Grades:
Case Study 9.1
Case Study –I
9.1.1
Design
9.1.2
Completed
9.1.3
Team
9.1.4
Description
9.1.5
SWOT Analysis
9.2
Case Study – II
9.2.1
Design
9.2.2
Completed
9.2.3
Team
9.2.4
Description
9.2.5
SWOT Analysis
10
Pain Points
11
Site
12
Site Analysis
13
Design 13.1
Design Development
13.2
Design Iterations
14
Design Solution 14.1
Existing Site
14.2
Retrofitting
14.3
Redeveloping
14.4
VR Experience
15
Conclusion
16
Way Forward
17
References
Table of Figures Figure 6-1: Research Methodology Framework Diagram Figure 8-1: Walkability Diagram Figure 8-2: Videograpic Mapping and Analysis of Space Figure 8-3 : Table showing details of sections used for pedestrian data collection in different cities Figure 8-4: Diagram highlighting the ESE Principles Figure 9-1: ITO Skywalk Figure 9-2: Peace Bridge Figure 10-1: What makes a great Space Figure 0-1 : Site Location Figure 12-1: Site Zoning and Neighbouring Amenities Figure 13-1: Design Iteration 01 Figure 13-2: Design Iteration 02 Figure 13-1: Grasshopper Script
Simar Paul
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Strategies for Sustainable Design
MD21MDES11007
Introduction
This research study has been conducted as a part of my curriculum at IIT Hyderabad, Masters
in
Design
Program
under
4
(Psychology in Design)
departmental elective titled Strategies for
Promoting walkability hence reducing load on vehicular mobility.(Visual Design)
of the hour and should be the way of life, the learning and study conducted during the course
Enhancing pedestrian experience focusing on inclusiveness and equity focused.
the
Sustainable Design. Sustainability is the need
Objectives
Focusing on enhancing 4S’s of the built
had to be implemented via a problem solution
that is Safety,Sustainability,Structure and
in a sustainable way.
Services.(Technology)
2
Background and Need for
Habitable space for all seasons especially summer.(Material)
Study Started out the study by figuring urban voids that is dilapidated spaces existing in an urban setting. Public, the people play an integral part in any space and hence the need to redefine the urban voids to develop a cohesive yet interactive Public Space which justifies its need. Seeing the accessibility, movement and environmental impact of vehicles in nature it’s imperative to look into the pedestrian flow and movement of users in a given setting. Hence in order to enhance the walkability, redefining and exploring Foot over Bridges would be undertaken in this study.
3
Problem Statement
“Redefining / Retrofitting Foot over Structures for enhancing the Pedestrian Experience.
5
Methodology
Providing and devising a design solution based on key design drivers generated by addressing the objectives of the research via Psychology, Visual Design, Technology and Material advancement respectively for the purpose of this research.
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Strategies for Sustainable Design
Methodology Framework
Figure 6-1: Research Methodology Framework Diagram
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Strategies for Sustainable Design
Research Question
Why Pedestrians? Travelling from A to B
8.1
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Understanding Pedestrians
In India, the pedestrians are highly exposed to vehicular traffic due to the absence or poorly maintained
pedestrian
facilities.
The
How much time is taken by men to travel?
pedestrians are forced to cross at-grade illegally
How much time is taken by women to travel?
or use the carriageway which leads to
How much time is taken by men with load to
interaction between pedestrians and motorized
travel? How much time is taken by women with load to travel? Conversion Rate
traffic. World Health Organization, (2015) reported that pedestrians account for 22% vulnerable road user accidents. Similarly, as per N.C.R.B. Report (2015), majority of the pedestrian accidents took place in Kolkata
How many see the foot over and restrain from
followed by Faridabad (SITE). Mohan et al.
using it?
(2015) also reported that more than 40%
Measuring Design Usability (SUS Analysis)
pedestrian fatalities took place in Bengaluru, Kolkata and Delhi. [1]
Analyzing how effective is the path traverse, experience through the space
8.1.1 To
8
Literature Review
Why FOBs? prevent
such
calamities
and
allow
pedestrian free and easy access, grade
Understanding Pedestrians (Psychology)
separation in the form of overpass or underpass
Study of Pedestrian Movement in Foot over
is of utmost importance. The Foot over bridges
Bridges (Psychology) Sustainable and Green Bridge Design 101 (ESE Standards) Sustainability Rating Systems for Pedestrian Bridges. (Material)
(FOBs) are such grade separated pedestrian facilities which allow easy access from one side of the road to the other, without exposing the pedestrians to any safety related issues. Some of the major benefits of providing proper elevated pedestrian facilities are safety and security to the pedestrians, along with smooth motorized traffic movement (without any interaction with pedestrians) and also low consumption of air pollution.
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8.1.2
Strategies for Sustainable Design
Walkability
8.2
Impacting Environment, Economy & health.
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Study of Pedestrian Movement in Foot Over Bridges
Improving walkability in cities is a powerful
In India due to rapid urbanization and increased
way to reduce emissions, while improving the
traffic on roads the pedestrian causalities have
quality of life for residents.
increased tremendously in last two decades
To achieve increased walkability, pedestrians
which necessitate the provision of exclusive
must feel compelled to walk downtown. This
facilities for pedestrians such as foot over
means shifting focus away from cars by
bridge (FOB), footpaths and walkways. FOB
replacing multilane streets with bike lanes and
plays an important role in improving pedestrian
walkways.
safety in busy and high traffic areas. Pedestrian’s characteristics like speed and
Keeping the pedestrian out of danger should also be a priority. That includes building welllit and tree-lined sidewalks and safe pedestrian crossings.
Implementing
traffic
calming
measures can also improve pedestrian safety.
flow are the essential parameters in designing the FOB along and across the road. Such studies help in framing the design guidelines of FOB for
different
demands
of
pedestrian
movements.[2] Walking is the most efficient and effective traditional approach among the other available transportation modes to reach a shorter destinations directly or after using other modes. The pedestrian’s characteristics like walking speed, speed, flow, etc. are important parameter in a study of function, design and provision of pedestrian facilities. Pedestrian flow data provides key evidence about the potentials and problems of a site as major planning decisions, such as the location of commercial land uses or
Figure 8-1: Walkability Diagram
transport
facilities.
Locations
with
high
pedestrian and traffic volumes generally requires dedicated pedestrian walking facilities like sidewalks, foot over bridge (FOB), etc. For safe pedestrian movement.
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Strategies for Sustainable Design
Pedestrians walking speed and movement
•
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Moreover, t-test and ANOVA test were
characteristics varies depending upon the type
performed to understand whether there
of facility and its geometric characteristics.
existed any significant difference between
This necessitates the dedicated studies for all
the different pedestrian categories.
different types of pedestrian facilities. The objective of this study is to analyze different pedestrian characteristics like flow, speed, density and area module, etc. and establish relationships
among
these
fundamental
characteristics. Further the impact of different
8.2.2 •
Ultadanga (Kolkata)
•
Marathahalli (Bengaluru)
•
Maligaon (Guwahati)
•
ITO (New Delhi) 8.2.3
pedestrian characteristics (like age, gender, luggage, etc.) on their walking speed. The videograpic survey method was used to capture the pedestrian movement data over two foot over bridges located in busy commercial locations at Ultadanga (Kolkata), Marathahalli (Bengaluru), Maligaon (Guwahati) and ITO (New Delhi). The data were collected during peak hours on weekdays for approximately
Data Collection Sites
Factors Influencing Pedestrian Flow
•
Type of Facility
•
Flow
•
Speed
•
Density
•
Area Module
•
Age
•
Gender
•
Luggage
three hours. The video camera was fixed on a tripod stand at the height of approximately 5m from the ground. The rectangular trap length was fixed between 10-12m and the effective width for all locations ranged between 1.573.4m. The effective width was calculated after deducting the buffer/ shy away distance from the total width. 8.2.1 •
Procedure
Radar charts and box plots were used to predict the mean and median speed of pedestrians based on gender, age and luggage.
•
Probability density functions were also used to understand the speed variation among the different categories of pedestrians. Figure 8-2: Videograpic Mapping and Analysis of Space
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8.2.4
Results of Study
8.2.5
Conclusions
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Figure 8-3 : Table showing details of sections used for pedestrian data collection in different cities
a) Overall mean speed walking speed of the
c) The difference in speed between
pedestrians of different groups at Ultadanga
pedestrians carrying luggage or not
(site 1) and ITO (site 4) was more than the
carrying luggage, had had a low impact
pedestrians at Marathahalli (site 2) and
on the walking speed of the pedestrians
Maligaon (site 3). This shows that the general
in all the cities, as pedestrians at
tendency of the pedestrians in Kolkata and New
commercial regions generally tend to
Delhi was to walk at higher speed under
walk with the crowds at similar
different age, gender and luggage categories in
walking speeds in presence/absence of
comparison to the pedestrians at Bengaluru and
luggage to reach their destinations
Guwahati cities.
(refer Figure 4 and 7). Also, the
b) The male pedestrians were observed to have higher median speed than their female counterparts for all the four locations (Figure 3a). Also, the male and female pedestrians at Kolkata (site 1) and New Delhi (site 4), have higher median speed than their counterparts at sites 2 and 3.
pedestrians with luggage at all the sites (other than site 4) had 5-6 m/min higher speeds, both under low and high walking speed ranges.
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d) The pedestrians in the age category of 23-45
h) The highest observed flow rate was at
years had the highest median speeds in
Maligaon (~42 ped/min/m), while
comparison to the other age categories for
lowest was observed at sites 2 and 4
all the sites. Such an observation is quite
(~14 ped/min/m)
obvious as the foot over bridges are located in commercial locations, where majority of the pedestrians are expected to be in the age category 23-45 years working professionals and they generally to move at higher walking speeds to commute between their places of work. e) The adult pedestrians (age category 23-59
8.2.6
Key Inferences
a) Gender: Overall walking speed of men greater
than
women.
(Female
Pedestrians avoided using FOBs due to poor security and accessibility, along with the presence of vendors found that the presence of beggars and shops at commercial
locations
made
them
years) for both Ultadanga (site 1) and ITO
insecure and prevented them from using
(site 4) had considerably higher speeds than
the facilities, carefully accessing the
the pedestrians in the same age category at
space resulted in lower speeds than
sites 2 and 3. The reason for lower speed at
usual.)
Maligaon could be due to the effect of the lower available walkable width. f) The result of t-test and ANOVA single factor statistical tests also showed that other than pedestrians with/ without luggage at site 4, there existed significant difference between the different pedestrian categories based on gender, age and presence/ absence of luggage (refer Tables 2 and 3).
b) Age: Age, gender impacting walking speed hence the need to use such structure. (It was seen the use of the bridges decreased with the increase in age) c) Luggage: Pedestrians having luggage had higher speeds. d) Lighting: Foot over facilities were highly competent to ensure safety to the pedestrians,
g) The observed density for locations 2 and 4 were quite low (~0.21 ped/m2), while at
yet
convincing
the
pedestrians to use such facilities was extremely difficult.
sites 1 and 3 the observed density values
e) Psychology: Getting Lost; Factors such
were 0.30 ped/m2 and 0.80 ped/m2
as familiarity with the area and time
respectively. The highest observed density
saving
at Maligaon was due to high pedestrian flow
influencing pedestrians to use the
and low available walkable width (refer
bridges.
Figure 12 a to d). The free flow speeds were observed to be between 88-93 ped/min.
were
important
parameters
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8.3
8.3.1
decades, the world has been moving toward
Principles of green and sustainable design If possible, it should make a positive impact
solutions that are environmentally friendly and
on
sustainable. It has also significantly impacted
surrounding
how bridges and related infrastructure elements
experience it.
designed,
built,
maintained,
the
environment, it,
and
the the
community people
who
It supports multiple forms of transportation
decommissioned, and replaced. Green and
(if needed by the local community) in an
sustainable bridge design means different
efficient way. (It should avoid the need to
things to different people, companies, and
develop multiple structures to support
agencies. They are two different things,
different types of vehicles, such as bicycles,
however, and both must be leveraged on
cars, and trains. It should also incorporate
projects to be effective.[3]
other uses, including utility transport, when possible.)
Green design, often referred to as green architecture, is an approach to building bridges
It must keep the ecological balance within the
and other structures that minimizes harmful
planet’s ability to absorb its consumption of
effects on the environment and human health
non-renewable resources and emission of
and well-being. The architect or designer takes
waste.
extra steps to protect the air, water, earth,
It should limit use of land and effect on the
humans, and wildlife by choosing eco-friendly
natural environment, including its potential
building materials and using construction
impact on climate change.
practices that minimize environmental and
MD21MDES11007
Sustainable and Green Bridge Design 101
Going green has become a fact of life. For
are
Strategies for Sustainable Design
Environmental issues should be considered
human health impact.
throughout
Sustainable design, also referred to as
construction process, while it is in use and
environmental design,
being maintained, and finally, when it is
environmentally sustainable
design,
during
the
It must be affordable to build, operate, maintain, repair, and replace.
philosophy that focuses on social, economic, and ecological.
lifespan:
replaced or demolished.
or
environmentally conscious design, is a design
its
The bridge should sustain itself economically and potentially generate revenue for its owner and the community surrounding it.
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8.4
Strategies for Sustainable Design
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Sustainability Rating Systems
Similar to LEED certification for buildings,
Being economical in terms of their entire
emerging sustainability initiatives for roads
lifetime, including decommissioning, and
and bridges are slowly picking up speed across
also considering the effects of user
the nation. Yet, there is no current widely
disruption
accepted standard or practice for rating green
maintenance.
roads. Still, bridge owners and designers are
during
construction
and
Meeting social priorities, considering
beginning to consider sustainable design details
both the construction workers, and the
and construction options when updating our
people living near to and using the bridge.
nation’s infrastructure. The
Federal
Highway
Minimizing environmental impact in terms of carbon dioxide emissions and
Administration
embodied energy during fabrication and
(FHWA) is committed to developing a more
construction and ensuring as many bridge
sustainable infrastructure. In 2012, FHWA
components as possible are recyclable and
launched INVEST (Infrastructure Voluntary
preferably reusable at the end of the
Evaluation Sustainability Tool). INVEST is a
bridge’s life.
web-based self-evaluation tool which covers the full life cycle of transportation services,
8.4.2
including system planning, project planning,
Steel is widely used around the world for the
design and construction, and continuing
construction of bridges from the very large to
through operations and maintenance.
the very small. It is a versatile and effective
FHWA has also spearheaded numerous efforts
material that provides efficient and sustainable
to address and advance sustainability ranging
solutions. Steel scores well on all the
from projects to mitigate climate change
sustainability priorities, including:
impacts, to initiatives that promote sustainable
Steel Bridge Advantage
Economics: Due to the light weight of
pavements and improve safety, to developing
steel, cost savings can be significant:
tools to better assess the benefits and costs of
smaller abutments, use of local crews, fast
transportation investments.[4]
installation, lighter equipment – when you
8.4.1
add them all up, steel provides significant
Sustainable Priorities for Bridges:
Similar to buildings, sustainable development requires a balancing of environmental, social and economic demands for bridges. Bridges can satisfy these three sustainability priorities by:
cost savings. Furthermore, steel causes little disruption during construction with prefabricated options.
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Strategies for Sustainable Design
Environmental: Steel is the most recycled
Galvanized steel bridges - Can protect
material in the world. More steel is recycled
against corrosion for up to 100 years.
every year than paper, glass, aluminum and
According
plastic
a
maintenance of bridges can be reduced by
disassembled bridge can be used again for
50 percent with galvanizing. The American
another project. Steel’s high strength-to-
Galvanizers Association developed a Time
weight ratio coupled with a low carbon
to First Maintenance Chart to provide a
footprint results in an overall reduction of
visual representation of the approximate
the embodied carbon of a typical structure
time to first maintenance in years for batch
compared to other framing materials. Simply
hot-dip galvanized steel.
combined.
Plus,
steel
from
stated, waste and environmental impacts are
MD21MDES11007
to one
study,
the
future
Weathering steel is a high-strength, low-
minimized when steel is used.
maintenance, and cost-effective solution to
Social: Every bridge project needs to be
extend the life of a steel bridge – up to 120
designed for the society is it serving. A bridge
years. It is a widely used corrosion
must not only serve the current population, but
protection system and performs well when
should be built with a material that can serve
detailed properly and used in the proper
future generations. Steel bridges can be
location and environment.
strengthened and adapted if the need arises in
ASTM A709 Grade 50CR is highly
the future to address increased live loadings,
corrosion-resistant steel which performs
new live loadings, roadway widening, or other
extremely well in corrosive environments.
changes in configuration. Other materials do
A research report sponsored by the U.S.
not have the same adaptability and often
Department of Transportation indicates
require replacement for new loadings or
that
changes in configuration.
considerable economic and sustainability
8.4.3
using
A709-50CR
can
achieve
benefits. A709-50CR has the ability to
Innovative Design and Steel Grades:
positively impact the current practice of Steel press-brake tub girders - Were introduced several years ago to simplify
bridge
maintenance
and
significantly
extend the service lives of steel bridges.
and speed the construction of a short span bridge.
Experts
have
placed
a
life
expectancy of 100 years or more for this innovative bridge system.
Figure 8-4: Diagram highlighting the ESE Principles
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9
Strategies for Sustainable Design
Case Study
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The project defies the solidity of the
ITO Skywalk, New Delhi – Similarity in terms
surroundings and is conceived as a serpentine
of context
tube, coiling around major intersections. The
Peace Bridge, Canada – Iconic Design
program called for a unified response to the area’s
9.1 9.1.1
Case Study –I
burgeoning
commuter
concerns,
especially at the ITO Crossing and the ‘W’ Point
Design
Junction,
which
sees
maximum
pedestrian traffic throughout the day. A
2017
network of public transport systems including 9.1.2
Completed
the two metro stations, Tilak Bridge railway
2018 9.1.3
station, and various DTC bus stops are major hubs that mobilize traffic flow in the area,
Team
Principal Architect: Ar. Goonmeet Singh
especially during rush hour. The design
Chauhan
paradigm traced this flow and came up with a
Design Team: Ar. Anuj Prabhakar Team
safety mechanism in the form of a skywalk at
Photography Credits: Andre J Fanthome
‘W’ point and a foot over-bridge at Hans Bhawan. The skywalk was designed to not just
9.1.4
Description
fulfil its utilitarian purpose of serving as a
The newly minted ITO Skywalk, a foot over-
medium of mobility, but also to establish itself
bridge in New Delhi, connecting four
as a landmark within the city.[5]
principal streets offers a ground-breaking solution to decongest and facilitate safe and
9.1.5
seamless pedestrian flow amidst the heart of the
9.1.5.1
city. Roughly 535m long, it spans across Sikandar Road, Mathura Road, Tilak Marg, and Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, while catering to the ITO as well as Pragati Maidan Metro stations. Being Delhi’s longest skywalk, this integrates numerous nodes in one of the busiest stretches of the metropolis, that sees office goers commute to various corporate and government buildings in the vicinity such as the ITO, Police Headquarters, PWD Office, Supreme Court,
Headquarters, GST DDA Vikas Minar
,Lady Irwin College amongst others.
SWOT Analysis Strengths
Connecting 4 Major streets for seamless pedestrian connectivity. Delhi's longest Skywalk, integrating numerous nodes. Aesthetic appeal; Eye catching. 9.1.5.2
Weakness
Low Footfall Hefty Expenditure spent on the project. Deserted usage during peak hours thinking would take more time.
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People would wait as cross links and heavy
Calatrava, opening to the public in 2012. Often
traffic zones, susceptible to being hit as well,
known as "Finger Trap Bridge" due to its
still won’t prefer skywalks.
visual similarity to the finger trap puzzle, the
9.1.5.3
bridge accommodates roughly 6,000 people a
Threats
Forceful blocking their access to redirect to the skywalk for use, not resulting a seamless movement for the pedestrians. 9.1.5.4
Opportunities
don’t prefer level changes and if so a smooth transition is required. Playing with psychology regarding the amount of time required to traverse from A to B.
9.2.1
impact, Peace Bridge operates with no piers in the water and a restricted height, due to the vicinity of the City/Bow River Heliport.
Pedestrians prefer to be on the same surface and
9.2
day. Designed to have a minimal ecological
Case Study – II
Designed to allow barrier-free access for people of all mobility types with comfortable and secure lighting throughout, Peace Bridge is a departure
from
the
architect’s
typical
asymmetric designs which also incorporates the colors of the Canadian flag. The bright red bridge will span 130 meters and its helix design lacks the soaring masts, steel
Design
cables and asymmetrical design typical of a
2010
Calatrava project. Since the bridge is for 9.2.2
Completed
pedestrians and cyclists, separate paths will be
2012 9.2.3
incorporated so each can enjoy his journey over the bridge comfortably. The bridge will also
Team
Principal Architect: Ar. Santiago Calatrava
be covered in glass allowing Canadians to use the bridge throughout the year. The
9.2.4
Description
bridge’s tubular form is a successful design
Peace Bridge in Calgary, Alberta, Canada was designed
by
Spanish
architect
Figure 9-1: ITO Skywalk
Santiago
solution as it could not have piers in the riverbed or vertical elements.
Figure 9-2: Peace Bridge
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9.2.5 9.2.5.1
Strategies for Sustainable Design
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SWOT Analysis 9.2.5.4
Strengths
No piers in waters seeing the ecological impact.
Opportunities
Can cover the bridge with glass or any suitable material with effective embodied energy.
Incorporating colors of Canadian National Flag; more for locals to relate and help in
Separate paths within the bridge needs to be
national building being a symbolic structure.
relooked and designed for pedestrians and
9.2.5.2
cyclists separately
Weakness
Needs to be covered to become usable for all
10 Pain Points
seasons/climate.
Road Safety | Enhancing Crossings
Mixed movement of pedestrians and cyclists
Uplifting Dingy - Dilapidated Space
resulting in halts and not a seamless movement
Crime Zone
experience
Poor Lighting - Shady
Claustrophobic - Closed
Less Interactive
No Pause Points | Stop Zones
9.2.5.3
Threats
Extremely low restricted height due to vicinity of a nearby zone for helipad landing.
Figure 10-1: What makes a great Space
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11 Site
Figure 0-1 : Site Location
12 Site Analysis
Neighbourhood Amenities –
Presence of Mall in near vicinity.
Metro Station at a distant from the location.
Edge - Green zone at the edge of the space.
Connectivity – Located on Main Mathura Road / Chennai Delhi Highway for people going from Faridabad to Delhi to switch to nearest metro station nearby or wanting an auto.
Figure 12-1: Site Zoning and Neighbouring Amenities
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13 Design 13.1 Design Development Creating a surface generated out of various geometries, each geometry having a peculiar role, emotion, impact associated with it which in turn altering and deciding the experience felt when experience that space.
13.2 Design Iterations
Figure 13-1: Design Iteration 01
Figure 13-2: Design Iteration 02
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Figure 0-1: Grasshopper Script
Figure 0-2: Form Generation via Script
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14 Design Solution Developing the cues from design development and iterations done, preparing 2 solutions i.e.
Retrofitting and enhancing the existing structure the ways and the means.
Redeveloping the structure and incorporating more human interacting and enhancing quality of space.
Also a VR Experience of the space would be created in order to see and feel the difference in the space before actually implementing for construction.
14.1 Existing Site
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14.2 Retrofitting
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14.3 Redeveloping
14.4 VR Experience VR Experience of the space as developed in the software Enscape3D.
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15 Conclusion An attempt to break the monotony of the FOBs and creating an experience to promote walkability and reduce road accidents caused due to heavy vehicular usage. Retrofitting the earlier structure with possibilities of improvement in domains like lighting, habitability and thus in turn activating the space. Installing flexible active seating options in form of used tyres and using old globes as lighting shells to enhance and notch up the interactivity. Redeveloping the transition segment of the FOB, making it more interactive (Varying Shapes attach and lofting them attaches different emotions while translating to the shapes devised in different geometries), Improving the lighting systems in turn enhancing the safety and visibility thus promoting the usage, instilling green systems in the structure making the place habitable and can tackle all climatic conditions, adding pause points and active seating arrangements
16 Way Forward More form based geometry explorations can be done and stimulated via certain parameters of critical importance and then best possible design solutions can be further explored.
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