WEEK 4 Learning Loop Floor Systems
Studio Case Study: The Oval Pavilion
Glossary Appendix
LEARNING LOOP What is a floor system? Floor systems are the horizontal planes that must support both live loads (people, furnishings, and moveable equipment) and dead loads (the weight of the floor construction itself).
Prestressed Concrete is concrete reinforced by pretensioning or posttensioning high-strength steel tendons within their elastic limit to actively resist a service load. Concrete Formwork and Shoring Concrete must be supported by formwork until it cures and can support itself. STEEL
Floor systems must transfer their loads horizontally across space to either beams or columns or to loadbearing walls. Floor systems can be classified into • Concrete • Steel • Wood
Steel girders, beams, and columns, are used to construct a skeleton frame for structures in any sizes. Metal Decking is corrugated to increase stiffness and spanning capability. WOOD
CONCRETE Reinforced Concrete are designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement to resist forces.
Wood Joists are considered in lightframe construction. It is light, can be quickly assembled, and easily worked.
Wood joists are supported using wood or steel beams. Wood Subflooring span across floor joists. It serves as a platform during construction and a base for finished flooring. Wood Beam Support A variety of attachments are used for support purposes. • Wood-to-wood • Wood-to-metal • Wood-to-masonry connections Wood Plank-and-Beam Framing systems are used typically with a supporting grid of posts or columns to form a skeleton frame structure. This kind of framing system uses larger but fewer structural members that can span greater distances. This is a benefit as it reduces material and labor cost. In this system the supporting grid of beams are integrated to the interior.
II. DRAWING PLANS
STUDIO I. TITLE BLOCK List the types of information found in the title block on the floor plan page. • Name of the Plan • Name of the Designer • Name of the Client • Project Title • Project Consultants • Printed Date • Scale • Page No. • Orientation Why might important?
this
information
be
Those kinds of information are very important as to help identify, verify and interpret the set of drawings.
CONTENT
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What type of information is shown in the floor plan? • Dimensions • Room Names • Specific Sizes • Doors and Windows • Wall Thickness and Types • Flooring Types • Elements that are already present before-hand • Elevations • Sections • Reference No. Provide an example of the dimensions as they appear on the floor plan. What units are used for the Dimensions?
The unit used is millimeters (mm).
Is there a grid? What system is used for identifying the grid lines? Yes there is a grid. A numbering system is used to identify vertical grid lines whereas a letter system is used to identify horizontal grid lines.
What is the purpose of the legend? The legend is used to clarify and identify the meaning of the symbols in the drawings.
Why are some parts of the drawing annotated? Illustrate how the annotations are associated with the relevant part of the drawing. Annotations are used to give more specific information in the drawings that cannot be given only by using symbols.
How are doors and windows identified? Provide an example of each. Is there a rationale to their numbering? What do these numbers mean? Can you find the answer somewhere in the drawing?
Are some areas of the drawing clouded? Why?
Illustrate how references to other drawings are shown to the plan. What do these symbols mean? W for windows and D for doors The top number is the window or door number. The number below indicates which room it is located in. The symbols indicated that the parts of the drawings are shown in more detail in other drawings. Those parts of the drawings are in reference to another page of the drawing set.
Illustrate how floor levels are noted on the plan.
The legend already clearly explained the numbering method.
Yes. Clouded indicates revisions or changes that has been made to the drawing plan and to attract attention of the contractors.
III. DRAWING ELEVATIONS
CONTENT
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What types of levels are shown on the elevations? Illustrate how levels in relation to the elevation.
What type of information is shown in the elevation? How does it differ from the information shown in the plan? • Provide an estimated-finished view of the whole building, not from a bird’s top view. • All sides of the building are shown (North, East, West, and South side). Are dimensions shown? If so, how do they differ from the dimensions of the plan? Provide an example of the dimensions as they relate to the elevation. The dimensions are indicated using the grid lines.
What types of information of the elevations are expressed using words? Illustrate how this is done.
Materials of some elements of the buildings are explained with word notations.
The levels are symbolized with shortened words to indicate what level it is. Ex: G for Ground Floor,
Illustrate how doors and windows are identified on the elevations.
Is there a grid? If so, how / where is it shown? Yes, the same gridline system is used. It is shown on top of the drawings, depending on which grid system is used, numbers of letters.
The same system / code in the plan is used.
Find where this elevation is located on the plan.
IV. DRAWING SECTIONS
CONTENT
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What type of information is shown in this section? How does it differ from the information shown in the plan and elevation? • Shows cutout view of the estimated-finished building. • Sows internal elements, elevation, and also thickness.
Illustrate how the section drawing differentiates between building elements that are cut through and those that are shown in the elevation (beyond).
Provide examples of how different materials are shown on the sections.
The cut through ones are shown with thicker-bold lines. The ones shown in the elevation are shown with thinner lines.
Find where this section is located on the plans.
V. DRAWING DETAILS
CONTENT
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Provide examples of how different materials are shown on drawings at this scale.
What sorts of things are detailed? Parts of the building that needs to be completed or finished in a specific way, in which are usually drawn in a considerably bigger scale. Ex: Scale 1:20 Are the details compressed using break lines? Why? Yes details are compressed using break lines. Break lines are used to not waste space.
Find the locations of these details on the plans, elevations, and sections. Plan
Elevation
Section
GLOSSARY APPENDIX 1
Joist: A horizontal supporting members that runs between foundations, walls, or beams to support a ceiling or floor 2
Steel Decking: A type of cold-formed corrugated metal most commonly used to support the insulating membrane of a roof. Stamping and pressing traditional sheet steel into the desired shape create this kind of decking. Upon installation, it provides extra support between the roof’s joists and beams.
also have a box shape, Z shape or other forms. 5
Concrete Plank: A hollow-core or solid, flat beam used for floor or roof decking. Concrete planks are usually precast and pre-stressed. 6
Spacing: The distance between two objects in reference to their centerlines.
3
Bearer: A horizontal member of a scaffold on which the platform rests and which may be supported by ledgers 4
Girder: A beam, as of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge. It can be found in various forms; I-beam cross-section, but may
1 Joist. 7 August 2014. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joist 2 Steel Decking. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_12194092_steel-deckdefinition.html 3 Bearer. Retrieved from http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/bearer.h tml 4 Girder. 16 August 2014. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girder. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/girder 5 Concrete Plank. Retrieved from http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/concrete -plank.html 6 Spacing. Retrieved from Ibid, 405