H OT & C OLD W ATER S ERVICES Building Services Assignment
BUNGALOW HEATING AND WATER SUPPLY Sinéad Reynolds – November 2008
BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
C ONTENTS 1)
INTRODUCTION………………………………..………..……………...….2
2)
LOW PRESSURE HOT WATER HEATING SERVICES………..………....….3
3)
SCHEDULE OF HEAT LOSS, BATHROOM …………………….....……...…4
4)
SCHEDULE OF HEAT LOSS, KITCHEN, BEDROOM 1………………..…….5
5)
SCHEDULE OF HEAT LOSS, BEDROOM 1, BEDROOM 2…….........……....6
6)
SCHEDULE OF HEAT LOSS HALL, TOTAL SCHEDULE OF HEAT LOSS …...7
7)
SCHEDULES OF REQUIREMENTS; BOILER REQUIREMENTS..….....……...8
8)
SCHEDULES OF REQUIREMENTS; RADIATORS, UNDER-FLOOR HEATING REQUIREMENTS ..….......................................................................….9
9)
SCHEDULES OF REQUIREMENTS; CYLINDER REQUIREMENTS, CISTERN REQUIREMENTS….............................................................................10
10)
DRAWING 1, HEATING SYSTEM SCHEMATIC…………….……….…......11
11)
DRAWING 2, GA SERVICES PLAN…………………………………….....12
12)
DRAWING 3, UNDER FLOOR HEATING SECTION THROUGH SLAB….......13
13)
MAINS, HOT & COLD WATER SERVICES……………………….….…....14
14)
DRAWING 4, HOT & COLD WATER SERVICES………...………………..15
15)
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………….…....16
16)
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………….………………………………..16
17)
LIST OF FIGURES.……………………………………………..…………17
18)
LIST OF TABLES …………………...………………………………...…..17
19)
APPENDIX……………………….………………………………………..18
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
INTRODUCTION Hot & Cold Water Services Services are a big part in the construction of every building in Ireland. According to the Technical Guidance Document G; Hygiene, 2008 states that a dwelling shall be provided with a bathroom and kitchen with the following…
A bathroom containing either a fixed bath or a shower bath and washbasin.
A kitchen containing a sink of adequate size and a draining board.
A suitable installation for the provision of hot and cold water to the bath/shower, washbasin and sink.
According to the Technical Guidance Document J; Heat Producing Appliances, 1997 a Gas boiler (closed appliance) shall be fitted with a flue. The boiler should also be fitted in accordance with I.S. 813, 1996; Domestic Gas Installations. The aim of this project is for the learning objective for the student of how to calculate and design for services in a dwelling and to have a good knowledge of what is involved in the design and installation of running hot and cold water and heating systems and heating systems. This project is to help with the understanding of services installed in a dwelling which is important for the students’ future careers in the Construction Industry.
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
L OW P RESSURE H OT W ATER H EATING S ERVICES BUNGALOW CHOSEN HEATING S YSTEM Low Pressure Hot Water Heating Services need to be provided for a given two bedroom bungalow. The heating layout is shown in drawing no.’s 1 & 2. The plan shows radiator positions indicated in the two bedrooms, kitchen, bathroom and hall. The Dining area and Lounge are provided with under floor heating. The under floor heating chosen is a geothermal heating system, Gabo-TAC, Heat Source, Ireland. All calculations of heat loss and radiator sizes have been worked out in accordance with BS 6700, Technical Guidance Document J; Heat Producing Appliances, 1997 and also to the specifications of the supplier. The radiator sizes have been calculated in accordance with the heat loss from each room and also to the manufactures Marriot Design Radiators) guidelines and tables. In drawing no. 1 a schematic layout of the system showing all controls that are necessary to comply with the current building regulations and good design practice. The boiler is a gas boiler located centrally next to the hot press (hot water cylinder) with a flue out through the roof of the bungalow to provide heat to the room space of the dwelling and the domestic hot water requirements. This boiler location is good for plumbing as the pipe runs are not too long from each radiator and also can mostly run along partition walls and avoid external block walls. The boiler must carry the CE mark and be installed by a registered An Bord Gás plumber. An assessment of the user needs have been carried out; based on the type of and size of the building (two bed dwelling). This house has only one bathroom so the assumption has been made that immediately after filling a bath, that more water will be required for the kitchen use but a second bath will not be required within 20-30 minutes. Refer to schedule of all Low Pressure Hot Water Heating services requirements.
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
S CHEDULES OF H EAT L OSS HEAT LOSS SCHEDULES When evaluating the quality and effectiveness of insulation in a building or the adequacy of a buildings heating, we need to use measurements that permit us to describe the rate at which a building loses heat under various conditions such as outdoor temperature, wind velocity, how leaky the building is, the area of its windows and perhaps doors, and the amount of insulation in the building walls, floors, and ceilings. The Bungalow Heat Loss is calculated room by room in the below Tables.
BATHROOM HEAT L OSS SCHEDULE
BATHROOM Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Window Floor Ceiling
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
U 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.8 0.3 0.2
A 5.52 7.2 6.72 7.2 1.2 8.4 8.4
∆t 25 4 4 4 25 25 25 Total
N 2
V 20.16
∆t 25
F 430.056
V 332.64
F+V 762.696 Total
Watts 55.2 63.36 59.136 63.36 84 63 42 430.06 0.33 0.33 Total
Watts 332.64 332.64
20% 152.5392 915.24
Watts Watts
T ABLE 1: B ATHROOM H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
LIVING & LOUNGE HEAT LOSS SCHEDULE LIVING & LOUNGE Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Wall 5 Wall 6 Window 1 Window 2 Floor Ceiling
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
U 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.8 0.3 0.2
A 3.6 18 8.11 9.84 3.12 7.2 3.6 2.21 26.93 26.93
∆t 25 25 25 4 4 4 25 25 0 0 Total
N 2
V 64.632
∆t 25
F 894.67
V 1066.43
F+V 1961.10 Total
Watts 36 180 81.1 86.592 27.456 63.36 252 154.7 8.079 5.386 894.67 0.33 0.33 Total
Watts 1066.428 1066.43
20% 392.22 2353.32
Watts Watts
T ABLE 2: L IVING & L OUNGE H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
KITCHEN HEAT LOSS SCHEDULE KITCHEN Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 A Wall 3 B Wall 4 Window Door Floor Ceiling
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
U 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.4 0.3 0.2
A 5.352 7.2 0.96 6.96 7.2 1.2 1.368 9.9 9.9
∆t 21 -4 -4 0 -4 21 21 21 21 Total
N 2
V 23.76
∆t 21
F 168.558
V 329.3136
F+V 497.8716 Total
Watts 44.9568 -63.36 -8.448 15.312 -63.36 70.56 68.9472 62.37 41.58 168.56 0.33 0.33 Total
Watts 329.31 329.31
20% 99.57432 597.45
Watts
T ABLE 3: K ITCHEN H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
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Watts
BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
BEDROOM 1 HEAT LOSS SCHEDULE BEDROOM 1 Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 A Wall 4 B Window 1 Window 2 Floor Ceiling
A 5.16 12 5.16 7.2 4.8 2.04 2.04 15 15
N 2
V 36
∆t 21
F 491.29
V 498.96
F+V 990.25 Total
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
∆t 21 -4 21 0 0 21 21 21 21 Total
U 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.8 0.3 0.2
Watts 43.344 -19.2 43.344 15.84 10.56 119.952 119.952 94.5 63 491.29 0.33 0.33 Total
Watts 498.96 498.96
20% 198.05 1188.30
Watts Watts
T ABLE 4: B EDROOM 1 H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
BEDROOM 2 HEAT LOSS SCHEDULE BEDROOM 2 Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Internal Wall 4 External Window Floor Ceiling
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
U 0.4 2.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.8 0.3 0.2
A 5.88 7.44 7.2 1.92 5.04 1.2 9.9 9.9
∆t 21 0 0 0 21 21 21 21 Total
N 2
V 23.76
∆t 21
F 430.06
V 332.64
F+V 762.70 Total
Watts 49.392 16.368 2.88 0.768 42.336 70.56 62.37 41.58 286.25 0.33 0.33 Total 20% 152.54 915.24
T ABLE 5: B EDROOM 2 H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
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Watts 329.31 329.31 Watts Watts
BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
HALL HEAT LOSS SCHEDULE HALL Fabric Heat Loss Wall 1 Wall 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Wall 5 A Wall 5 B Wall 6 Door Floor Ceiling
Ventilation Heat Loss
Total
U 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 0.3 0.2
A 2.232 7.44 8.16 24 6.72 6.96 9.84 1.368 9.55 9.55
∆t 21 0 0 0 -4 0 -4 21 21 21 Total
N 2
V 22.92
∆t 21
F 116.595
V 317.6712
F+V 434.2662 Total
Watts 18.7488 2.976 3.264 52.8 -59.136 15.312 -86.592 68.9472 60.165 40.11 116.595 0.33 0.33 Total
Watts 317.6712 317.6712
20% 86.85324 521.1194
Watts Watts
T ABLE 6: H ALL H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
T OTAL S CHEDULES OF H EAT L OSS BATHROOM HEAT L OSS SCHEDULE Grand Total
Bath 915.24
Living 2353.32
Kitchcn 597.45
Bed 1 1188.30
Bed 2 123.11 Total
T ABLE 7: O VERALL H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS
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Hall 1188.30 6365.72
BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
S CHEDULES OF REQUIREMENTS BOILER REQUIREMENTS Boilers should be sized to provide sufficient heat to provide hot water, and warm the dwelling to the required comfort temperatures when the temperature outside is below freezing. (-3°C is being recommended). The Bungalow Boiler Requirements is calculated in the below Tables
BOILER
Power
SHC
X KG Time
X ∆t X Eff
X 100
Power
4.2
200 3600
50 90.2
100 Answer
Grand Total
Watts 6365.72
Power 12.9342
10% 1939.41
Total
8318.07
T ABLE 8: B OILER P OWER D ESIGN C ALCULATIONS BOILER DESIGN FLOW RATE Rate of Flow l/s
Outlet Fitting W.C. Wash Hand Basin Bath Shower Head Kitchen Sink
Design Rate 0.13 0.15 0.6 0.2 0.6
Minium Rate 0.05 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4
washing Machine
0.2
0.15
Dishwasher
0.15
0.1
Total
2.03
1.3
T ABLE 9: B OILER F LOW R ATE D ESIGN C ALCULATIONS
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4200000 324720 12.93
BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
RADIATORS REQUIREMENTS
Radiators radiate heat and are radiant emitters. They heat space through convection which accounts for a radiator’s operating temperature (circa 80 oC). The Bungalow Radiator Requirements is calculated in the below Table RADIATORS Marriot Design Radiators Radiator 1 (Bed 1) Radiator 2 (Bath) Radiator 3 (Kitchen) Radiator 4 (Bed 2) Radiator 5 (Hall)
Type H20 H11 H11 H10 H10
∆t 50 50 50 50 50
Output 1180 918 842 744 419
Length 1700 1200 1100 1600 900
T ABLE 10: R ADIATOR S IZE C ALCULATIONS
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING REQUIREMENTS
Under-floor heating operates at a temperature that is usually only a few degrees warmer than the room air temperature (typically 21 – 25oC). The heat is directly radiated, through effectively a large radiator in the form of the floor, directly to the occupants of the room. Under-floor’s main two advantages are that it provides better quality heating without draughts or dry air, but also that, because of its low operating temperatures; it can be easily linked in with alternative heating sources that output at the same low temperatures. The Bungalow Under-Floor Heating Requirements is calculated in the below Table. UNDER-FLOOR HEATING HeatSource Gabotherm Radiator 1 (Bed 1)
Type GaboTAC
Output
Temp
Centres
66
40
300
T ABLE 11: U NDER - FLOOR H EATING C ALCULATIONS
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
CYLINDER REQUIREMENTS
The most important component when installing a modern central heating system, hot water boilers are by far the simplest and most convenient way to heat water in your home. The type of fuel chosen for the Bungalow boiler was gas being the most convenient as the boiler can be fed directly from the mains gas supply. The Hot water storage cylinder is situated in the 'hot-press' (airing cupboard) and is made from copper. This will also be lagged to conserve energy. The Bungalow Cylinder Requirements is calculated in the below Table CYLINDER
Power Radiator 1 (Bed 1)
Type GaboTAC
Output
Temp
Centres
66
40
300
T ABLE 12: C YLINDER C ALCULATIONS
CISTERN HEATING R EQUIREMENTS
Cold water storage cisterns are usually made of plastic, although galvanised mild steel cisterns were common in the past. The standard size for cold water cisterns is 228 litres. This is deemed adequate to serve both the cold and hot water supplies and provide a reserve in the event of mains failure. The standard size for the hot water storage cylinder is 114 litres. Ball valves are fitted on all cold water storage cisterns to prevent overflow. A ball valve floats in the cistern and automatically closes when the water reaches a certain level. The Bungalow Cistern Requirements is calculated in the below Table CISTERN
Power Radiator 1 (Bed 1)
Litres 212
T ABLE 13: C ISTERN R EQUIREMENTS C ALCULATIONS
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
H EATING S YSTEM HEATING S YSTEM SCHEMATIC DRAWING
F IGURE 1: S CHEMATIC A UTO CAD D RAWING OF THE H EATING S YSTEM
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
S ERVICES F LOOR P LAN ARRANGEMENT GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF SERVICES PLAN
F IGURE 2: GA P LAN A UTO CAD D RAWING OF THE H EATING S YSTEM L AYOUT
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
UNDER -F LOOR H EATING S YSTEM SECTION THROUGH S LAB DETAIL DRAWING
F IGURE 3: A UTO CAD S ECTION D RAWING OF THE U NDER - FLOOR H EATING S YSTEM
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
M AINS , H OT AND C OLD WATER S ERVICES BUNGALOW HOT AND COLD WATER SERVICES PROVIDED An indirect cold water system for the water supply has been chosen for this bungalow. The Hot and Cold Water Services layout is shown in drawing no. 4. The plan shows the mains indicated outside the dwelling supplying the cold water to the bungalow. A schematic layout of the system showing all controls that are necessary to comply with the current building regulations and good design practice are shown in drawing no. … This drawing shows all necessary valves and safety features. Refer to schedule of all hot and cold water storage requirements. The storage vessel/cylinder shall be corrosion resistant. The immersion shall be provided with a non-self-resetting thermal energy cut-out device in addition to the automatic thermostat. The hot press is located centrally in the bungalow with a door for easy access in the hall. The indirect system shall be designed to achieve gravity circulation between the boiler and cylinder. The storage cistern is located in the attic of the dwelling for this system to work efficiently. The cistern is 212 litres capacity which is properly covered but not airtight so as to be accessible for cleaning and replacement. I must be fitted with a warning overflow pipe to warn of discharge. Refer to schedule of all hot and cold water storage requirements.
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
M AINS , H OT AND C OLD WATER S ERVICES MAINS, HOT AND COLD WATER SERVICES S CHEMATIC DRAWING
F IGURE 4: S CHEMATIC A UTO CAD D RAWING OF THE M AINS , H OT AND C OLD W ATER S ERVICES
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
CONCLUSION
This services project has helped with the understanding of heating and hot water installations in a dwelling. It aided the understanding of the calculations involved in the design process of a building. The project has helped in the learning and understanding of how to calculate and design for services in a dwelling and to have a good knowledge of what is involved in the design and installation of running hot and cold water and heating systems and heating systems. The research and calculations involved has helped with the understanding of services installed in a dwelling which is important for the students’ future careers in the Construction Industry. It also helps with the understanding and usefulness of schematic details. Using the current building regulations along with what was covered in class has improved understanding of the importance of services installation into all buildings constructed and also what is involved in the design process of services installations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Notes from Lecturer.
Notes taken in class
Technical Guidance Document J. Heat Producing Appliances, 1997; The stationary Office.
Technical Guidance Document G; Hygiene, 2008; The stationary Office.
http://www.heatsource.ie/Gabo-tac.html (accessed 14-11-08)
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
L IST OF F IGURES FIGURE 1 – SCHEMATIC AUTO CAD DRAWING OF THE HEATING SYSTEM……………….11 FIGURE 2 – SCHEMATIC AUTO CAD DRAWING OF THE HEATING SYSTEM……………….12 FIGURE 3 – SCHEMATIC AUTO CAD DRAWING OF THE HEATING SYSTEM……………….13 FIGURE 4 – SCHEMATIC AUTO CAD DRAWING OF THE HEATING SYSTEM……………….15
L IST OF T ABLES T ABLE 1: B ATHROOM H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS …………………………4 T ABLE 2: L IVING & L OUNGE H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS ……….…………5 T ABLE 3: K ITCHEN H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS …………..………………..5 T ABLE 4: B EDROOM 1 H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS ……….….…………….6 T ABLE 5: B EDROOM 2 H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS …………….…………..6 T ABLE 6: H ALL H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS …………………….….……….7 T ABLE 7: O VERALL H EAT L OSS S CHEDULE C ALCULATIONS ……………………………7 T ABLE 8: B OILER P OWER D ESIGN C ALCULATIONS ………………………………….….8 T ABLE 9: B OILER F LOW R ATE D ESIGN C ALCULATIONS …………………………………8 T ABLE 10: R ADIATOR S IZE C ALCULATIONS ……………………………………………...9 T ABLE 11: U NDER - FLOOR H EATING C ALCULATIONS …………………………………….9 T ABLE 12: C YLINDER C ALCULATIONS ………………………………………..…….……10 T ABLE 13: C ISTERN R EQUIREMENTS C ALCULATIONS …………………………….……10
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BUILDING SERVICES – NOVEMBER 2008
APPENDIX
Marriott Design Radiators, Typical Manufacturers Technical Output Sheet
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