2017-2019
/ *A LL WR O N G S R ES ER VED */
Design
Fabrication
XINGTAI
Research
HUANG
I certi fy th a t th e wo r k i n cl u d ed i n th i s p o r t fo lio i s m y o w n o ri g i n a l wo r k . W o rk i n cl u d ed w h i c h wa s co n d u cted a s a p a r t o f a tea m o r o th er gr o u p is i n d i ca ted a n d a ttri b u t e d a s su ch - th e o the r t e a m m em b ers a re n a m e d a n d a true description of my role i n th e p ro ject i s i n c lu d e d .
Read.me
# Huang Xingtai Huang Xingtai is an architecure and UX designer with passion in academic research and digital fabrication.
## Experience He wore a variety of hats as a designer engaged in different disciplines. He has worked as a research intern creating evaluation metrics in Disney Research China to explore the synergy of infrastructure and urban design and a technical designer exploring the material potentials in Shanghai Fab-Union.
## Goal Huang Xingtai aspires to incorporate his background in design, research and fabrication into the envisioning and materialization of innovative products and experience that will shape our future.
tedhsingtai@gmail.com www.huangxingtai.com
Candidate of B.Arch., Class of 2020 College of Architecture & Urban Planning Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, PRC
Contents #01 P1
#02 P13
#03 P22
#04 P30
#05 P36
StarRiver A mobile app that makes forming a healthier sleeping habits fun and meaningful.
Hy-Bridge First fibrous and 3D-printed metal hybrid bridge in the world.
Decode Street & Emotion A environment psychology research on the relation between people's emotion and urban space.
Lumos An installation for church aiming at evoking people's memory towards the fire and enchancing their multi-sensual experience.
Other Works Community Design: Neighborhood Within Yards Furniture Design: "Chaconne" Carbon Fiber Chair
Discovered the sleeping patterns and the underlying needs of the insomniacs. Created an encouraging gamified system for the users to visualize and donate their progress in developing a good sleeping habit.
StarRiver
2019 Oct. - Nov.
UX Design Project Keywords: Sleep Aid, Habit-forming Tutors: Li Haoran My Roles: User researcher, UI/UX Designer Individual Project
Background
Inital Research| StarRiver Survey Results
Why care for sleep?
"The sleep of the 90s generation is stolen." Sleeping Time
Usage of Phone Before Sleep*
Usage of Phone Before Sleep
-- China Youth TotalDaily, Oct. 29, 2019
Social Media (Moments, Weibo, Instagram etc)
Over 45
Chat
35～45
Watch videos or movies
Sleeping Time
25～35
Usage Online shopping
Of the Chinese adults suffer from insomnia
300 million
18～25 Total Under 18 Over 45 35～45
0
20
40 >8 h
60
7-8h
6-7h
80 5-6h
60%
100
120
100
120
<5h
Of them are people Under at 18 their twenties Sleeping Quality 25～35 18～25
27.2%
0 Total Over 45 35～45 25～35 18～25 Under 18 Total 0 Over 45 35～45 25～35 18～25 Under 18
20
40
60
80
Of the people fall6-7h >8 h 7-8h asleep after 1 am
5-6h
Read novels Social Media (Moments, Weibo, Instagram etc) Forums Chat Music Watch videos or movies Games Online shopping Work Read novels Organize thoughts Forums Other Music
20
40
Very Good
Bad
80
100
120
Very Bad
40% What
3% 40
60
"Once I took a Melatonin pill 40% and Meditation Relaxing Music still was shopping online at 3am."
80 14% Very Bad
How do you tackle with insomnia?
24%
0
10
Take medicines like Melatonin Zolpidem 18 Social MediaandUnder
Relaxing Music
60
70
80
90
30
40
25～35 35～45 Chatting
50
60
70 13%
80
90
Watching Videos
Over 45
How do you tackle with insomnia?
100
Use eye masks, earplugs etc 120
Use fragrance, sprays, soft etc Take medicines like Melatonin and pillows Zolpidem Do yoga before sleep Unsolved Reduce phone and computer usage beforeOthers sleep Seek formasks, psychological Use eye earplugshelp etc meditation apps Use Use fragrance, sprays, softbefore pillowssleep etc
14% 43%
Use wearable devices Do or apps track sleep sleep yogato before Others 0
Sleep Tracking
20 18%
18～25
Seek for psychological Under 18 help18～25
Habits Regulating
5
10
25～35
35～45
15 Over 45
20
25
30
35
25
30
35
Total
Use meditation apps before sleep Use wearable devices or apps to track sleep
43%
0 Meditation
50 Over 45
Unsolved
sleeping apps do you use? 3%
40
35～45
How tackle insomnia? Reducedo phoneyou and computer usage with before sleep
"Staying up late makes me exhausted Very Good Good Bad in daytime. It's vicious circle." 20
30
Other
What sleeping apps do you use?
0
20 25～35
Organize thoughts
60 Good
10 18～25
Under Work18
Sleeping Quality
Insomniacs' Complaints
0
Games
<5h
of Phone Before Sleep
Sleep Tracking
Habits Regulating
"I keep thinking anxiously about my unfinished work late at night."
Under 18
19% Medicines
18～25
5
10
25～35
35～45
18% Eye masks
15 Over 45
20 Total
16% Reduce Phone Use
*The questionnaires were sent out in October 20 to 25, 2019. 109 valid responses were received.
StarRiver
2
25～35 18～25 Under 18
User Research
User Research| StarRiver 0
20
40
Very Good
Survey Results
Sleeping Time
Age & Sleeping Time
60 Good
Over 45
Chat
35～45
Watch videos or movies
25～35
Meditation Relaxing Music Sleep Tracking Habit Forming
14%
Forums 0
20
40 >8 h
60
7-8h
6-7h
80 5-6h
100
Music
120
<5h
Work Organize Main Causes for Insonmia Meditation Relaxing MusicthoughtsSleep Tracking
Sleeping Quality
Sheet 1
PSQI Sleeping Disorder Index Total 18 Over 45 35～45 16 25～35 18～25 14 Under 18
20
Student Employed Freelance Unemployed
40
Very Good
10
60 Good
80
Bad
100
0
Under 18
10
20
18～25
30
25～35
48.1% 40
35～45
50
60
70
Over 45
Increased Anxiety & Screen Time Overthinking How do you tackle with insomnia?
Survey Insights
120
Take medicines like Melatonin and Zolpidem
Very Bad
3%
6
66.7%
睡眠紊乱等级 0 5 10 15 18 职业 Employed Freelance Student Unemployed
Unsolved Reduce phone and computer usage before sleep
Overusing of mobile phone before bed is the staying up late.
What sleeping apps do you use?
Average
Habits Regulating
Other
20
0
Use we
43%
Games
Sleep Quality & Phone Usage**
PSQI总分
Reduce pho
Read novels
Under 18
Use eye masks, earplugs etc of main cause Use fragrance, sprays, soft pillows etc
14%
Do yoga before sleeppeople Insomniac
4
on
2
40% Average 0
10
20
bedOthers to get
30
40
50
60 手机使用时间
70
80
90
100
110
120
43% Phone Using Time Before Bed/min
Use meditation apps before sleep Changing habits Use wearable devices or apps to track within a sleep month
Sum of 手机使用时间 vs. sum of PSQI总分. Color shows details about 职业. Size shows sum of 睡眠紊乱等级. Details are shown for 序号. *Questionnaire results show that among the 90s generation, prolonged phone using time before The view is filtered on 序号, which excludes 15 members.
Relaxing Music
Sleep Tracking
Habits Regulating
is not easy, most people failed without specific incentives.
0
bed is correlated positively with higher scores of sleeping disorders (rated according PSQI standard).
Meditation
need to relax from the stress a better sleep.
Seek for psychological help
0
StarRiver
Take m
Online shopping
40%
18～25
3
120
Very Bad
3%
Social Media (Moments, Weibo, Instagram etc)
8
Bad
100
Usage Phone Before Sleep Sleeping Appssleeping Usage apps What doofyou use?
Total
12
80
Under 18
18～25
5 25～35
10 35～45
15 Over 45
20 Total
25
Competitive Analysis Category
Wearable Devices
Market Research| StarRiver Mind Relaxing Apps
Sleep Tracking Apps
Habit Forming Apps
Beddit
Smartsleep
Pzizz
Relax Melodies
Sleep Cycle
Sleepsocre
Moment
Forest
Fitgit
Sleep Shepherd
Calm
Headspace
Snail Sleep
SleepTime
Fabulous
Offtime
Product
Efficacy Comfort Cheap Customers' Persistance
Strength
Weakness
Key Takeaways
Built-in sensors can detect the sleeping conditions of the users more accurately. The sleep-inducing factors will be more helpful when tailored for the users.
Relaxing music and audio meditation tutorial can soothe the emotions of the users. A variety of music selection can relax the users with more personalized choices.
The tracking data provides insights from the users' long term sleeping change. The users can examine whether their sleeping quality has improved overtime.
M o s t h a b i t- f o r m i n g a p p s create an incentive system to encourage the users to form better habits. Users are informed of the achievements by the visualized data.
Most wearable devices remain as data recorders without sleep inducing function. Even some devices with such functions are uncomfortable to wear.
Placing the phone beside the bed makes it easier for people to surrender to the desire to check on their phones again. Wearing earphones might cause unease during sleep.
Data collected from sound and body movement cannot provide accurate data. Statistics does not tackle the problem of anxiety or increased screen time before sleep.
Helping to sleep earlier is only a part of the system. Repetitive incentives and monotonous notifications might bore the users after a period of time.
Comfortable
Calming
Accurate
Encouraging
Reduce the physical discomfort that the device bring to the user on the bed.
Create relaxing and soothing ambience according to user's physiological status.
Apply proper sensors to collect the accurate sleepin data.
Provide incentive awards to the users to curb on excessive phone usage.
StarRiver
4
Personas
User Research| StarRiver
Tanya Tang #architecture-dog
Terry Fu
#perfectionist
#996 worker
"I want to relax and escape from the anxious thoughts before sleep to focus better on design."
"I want to stop playing games before sleep, keep a regular routine and live a healthier life."
A typical day of Tanya 2:20
A typical day of Terry
9:10 8:30 Sleep
Work
13:00 12:20
16:30 15:30
Meal
StarRiver
18:30 18:00 19:20
Chores/Shower
22:00 23:00 22:30
2:20
2:40
8:30
11:30
7:50 9:20
1:00
Continuous Screen Time
Sleep
Work
14:20
12:30
Meal
15:10
Chores/Shower
17:30
19:30
21:30 23:00 0:10
18:10 20:00 Commuting
Continuous Screen Time
Frustrations
Demographics
Age
22
Age
25
Location
Shanghai, China
Location
Shenzhen, China
Job
College Student
Job
Software Engineer
Insomnia Age
4
· Always anxious about her design projects and paper works before sleep · Has tried medical help but didn't work · Hard to get up early in the morning because of the side effects of the medicines
Insomnia Age
3
Bio
Motivation
Bio
Motivation
Tanya is a senior architecture student applying for graduate schools. She has sleeping disorders since she entered the college. When busy with design, she would use Weibo to watch funny posts to relax herself. She is always anxious before sleep.
Health
Terry works for the R&D department at DJI. He is tech-savvy and loves novel technologies. Playing online games until late night with friends before sleep is his daily routine and is harming his health. He needs coffee and Redbulls to stay awake.
Health
Goals
Apps used before sleep
Goals
Apps used before sleep
Efficiency Social
2:40
22:00 23:40
Demographics
· Reduce anxiety on the bed. · Get up with enough energy and good mood. · Focus on design work in daytime.
5
#game addict
Frustrations
· Reduce screen time before sleep. · Adopt a healthier sleeping habit. · Stop being addicted to mobile games.
· Can't help playing games on phone before sleep · Have tried some relaxing methods like wearable device and apps but end up playing games again · Often late for work because of getting up late
Efficiency Social
User Journey Map Pre-Sleep
Stages
Thoughts
User Research | StarRiver Seek for Relax
"I can't miss the important messages from my friends!"
"I'm so tired, need to sleep earlier tonight!"
"Watch one more video and I will sleep, never mind."
Positive effect
"Someone liked my videos, must check out what's going on..."
0:35
"Have to make up for staying up late, I need more sleep."
1:33
"Gotta sleep earlier tonight"
Snooze & sleep in
5h 20m
Browse online again
1:20
"Should've slept earlier last night, I only get 5 hours' sleep!"
Asleep time
Play games or watch videos
0:12
0:10
"I want to select the best music before sleep..."
Listen to relaxing music
Dim the light and get on bed
Actions & Effects on Sleep (Now)
"This late now? The lullabies on NetEase will help me sleep easier."
Wake up
1:50
2:30
Change music
7:50
9:20
8:30
Struggle to wake up as alarm rings
Chat online
Rush to work
Negative effect
Potential Solutions
Daily Notification
Reduce Stimuli
Progressive Abstinence
Simplified Selection
Remind Note
Easy Wake up
Visualize with good deeds
Guide the users to adopt a healthier schedule day by day.
Unplug distracting apps to reduce over excitement before sleep.
Create a gamified system to encourage the users' persistance.
Offer the users with only a small selection of soothing music to avoid overwhelming contents that might lead to increased phone use.
Show dialog alert boxes if users pick up the phone again.
Create a gamified system to encourage the users' persistance.
Cooperate with charities to transform the achievements the users have made into donation to inspire building a healthy schedule.
Positive effect Use other apps within the time limit
Actions & Effects on Sleep (Expected)
23:15 Receive screen time goal reminder and prepare for sleep
Negative effect
23:20
Listen to relaxing natural sounds
7h 35m
Play with the earned energy last night
23:43
Discover the achivements on the way to work
Asleep time
23:50
0:05
Reminded to return to sleep if picking up the phone
0:15
7:50
Wake up gradually with ease and check sleep report
8:15
9:00
Donate the achievements to charity campaign and get inspired
StarRiver
6
Ideation & Proposed User Flow
Ideation | StarRiver
Framework Design
Incentive Design
How might we encourage users to sleep earlier by building a visualized incentive system? Sets up everyday goal for screen time before sleep. Failing to fulfill the goal will reduce the award. Asks the user to set up reminder before sleep to help build up a regular schedule.
Goal
Reminder
Incorporates relaxing music into the interface to relax users when they using the app.
Relax Concept 1: Farm on the moon?
Habit
Reward the user with water and energy that can nourish the trees on the moon.
Guide the user to adopt a healthier habit by offering repeated reward and building behavioral patterns.
Donate
Corporates with charities to donate the visual currency to the ones in need, materializing the benefits of the user's healthy sleeping habit.
7
StarRiver
Induce
Concept 2: Fishing from the river? Users can fish up the creature underwater to collect energy and donate it into money.
Reward
Awards the user with virtual currency to visualize his accomplishment of keeping a healthy schedule.
Pushes up notifications if the user leave the app to reduce screen time before sleep.
Trees and moon are not compatible with each other and have little relation to sleep.
Not related to sleep. How the collected energy can be transformed into donation?
Concept 3: Lighting up the stars? Reward the user with energy to light up stars in constellations. Donation is offered at completion.
Stars are related to silent night sky when sleeping. The saved energy from the users can be "transformed" into light.
Paper Prototypes
Interaction Design & User Testing | StarRIver
Lo-fi Prototypes
User Testing - Phase I
1 3
2
4
5 6
Feedbacks & Improvement
1. Sleep Page Feels disoriented because of the lack of time information. Add a time display and a pop menu of the sleeping aid if user want to change it.
4. Statistics page
2. Pop-up Note
3. Sleep report
A bit redundant, what if the user is really in need of using phone?
Too much information. The circle is time or score?
Show the reminder page only after the user re-open the app.
Simplify the layout of the sleeping report.
5. "Next planet"
6. Donate items
The bar chart is too dense in the monthly report.
Hard to be identified as a button, a bit troublesome.
The items are confusingdonate products or money?
Unify the style of the statistical charts of the sleep report.
Feels redundant, what if the user is really in need of using phone?
Display the donating information directly on the page.
"It's a bit lonely, I cannot share with my friends the achiements I made. What's more, what will happen after lighting up all the stars?"
"The statistics page seems too overwhelming to me...I don't think a habitforming app should cover that much information."
"I think the alarm and the music should show on the sleeping screen, or I would feel lost after selectinvg the music before sleep."
StarRiver
8
Mid-fi Prototypes
Interaction Design & User Testing | StarRiver
Wireframes
User Testing Phase II Sleep
Wake up
Set alarm
Sign up
1
Sleep aid
4
Sleeping
Alarm
6
5
Reward & Stars Introduction
Confirm?
2 Home page
Canvas
3
9
StarRiver
Next level
12 Galaxy
18
7
Game Reward
8
Sleep Reward
9
10
Statistics
Light up stars
11
Game scene
Today's report
13
14
Donate
Donate Store
Achievement
19
Weekly report
20
21
Monthly report
16
15 Confirm?
Check report?
Thank-you note
22
17 Profile
23
24
Storyboard & User Flow
User Scenario | StarRiver
Storyboard
User Flows
User flow 1: Sleep induction Start
Sign up
On bed?
Welcome page
First time use?
Welcome page
Set bedtime alarm
5 At 11:05pm, Joshua is tired as he receive the reminder from StarRiver to get ready to sleep.
He falls asleep listening to the soothing music while StarRiver is recording his sleep data. Set alarm
Need to relax?
Set reminder
Leave app
Choose music
Sleep page
Asleep
6
2 Joshua wants to sleep ealier, he open StarRiver and set the screen time goal on bed.
Music list
Ready to sleep?
Joshua gets up and plays a mini game to collect his star rewards according to his sleep.
User flow 2: Donate your energy!
4 Joshua returns to StarRiver to set the alarm and the sleeping aid music.
Star page
Canvas
Choose a star
Light up?
Complete constellation?
Confirm to donate?
Program brief
Choose donation
Donation Store
Thank you prompt
Donation progress page
View donations from other users
Complete
7
3 Joshua plays video games for 20 minutes before he receives a reminder to fall asleep.
Home
On his way to work, Joshua discovers that he can light up his galaxy with the stars he earned.
8 The reward can be donated to rural area as power with the help of different charities.
Reward prompt
Level up
StarRiver
10
User Interface Design
Interaction Design | StarRiver
Sleep tracking - One tap to set alarm and sleep aid music. - Check sleep statistics by different time. - Mind-refreshing game after waking up for extra energy.
Sleep Report Sleep now Sleep aid 11
StarRiver
User Interface Design
Interaction Design | StarRiver
Turn Sleep Into Donation - Turn the reduced screen time into saved energy in a soothing game process. - Light up the constellations with the energy to create your own galaxy. - Bonus hearts offered when a constellation is lit up for donation. - Contribute your bonus hearts to real-life donation campaigns in progress.
Donate your energy
Light up your stars
Campaign details Build your galaxy StarRiver
12
Explored the material potentials of the synthesis of fiber and printed-metal. Leveraged 6-axis robot arms to fabricate the structural components. See report by Dezeen: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/29/robotic-fabricated-hybridbridge-technology/
Watch full video
Hy-Bridge Parametric Design
2019 Apr. - 2019 Jul.
Robotic Fabrication
Keywords: Fiber Winding, Structural Optimization Tutors: Philip F. Yuan, Li Wenhan, Zhang Liming My Tasks: Material Experiment, Fiber Syntax, Handrail and Step Design Teammates: Hao Xing, Hong Xiaofei, Huang Xingtai, Yu Zhongsheng
Project Framework
Overview | Hy-Bridge
Background
Multi-Objective Optimization Framework
Why build a bridge from composite fiber and 3D-printed metal applying robotic arms?
Fabricability Optimization
Form Optimization
Optimized syntax
Concrete is the most widely used material in construction. However, its heavy weight, long fabrication time and low specific strength bring about efficiency disadvanges and require a high cost of labor and time.
KUKA prc
Collision avoidance Anchor positioning End effector design
Material Optimization
Catenary lines Kangaroo
Biostructure research
Site Constraints
Solid vault
Rhino
Grasshopper
3D simulation Fiber mockups
Rhinovault
On-site concrete fabrication Heavyweight
Long curing time
Low specific strength
2300 kg/m³
28 days
12 N·m/g
Tension Rotating control range Toolpath adjustment
Slope Constraints
Handrail & step componets
Pattern layout
Abaqus
Deformation Declension Strength
Structural thickness
Live load Reaction force
Fiber thread
Structure Checking
1800 kg/m³
50 min/unit
2457 N·m/g
Lightweight
Rapid fabrication
High specific strength
Global optimized structure
Straightened stress lines Meshpath
Geodesic projection
Ameba
Printing angle
Composite fiber is a novel material used in aerospace manufacturing for its high specific tension strength. Its material potentials in architectural structure with 3D-printed metal can be further explored applying robotic fabrication.
Multi-material robotic fabrication
Optimized frame
Support type
Main stress lines
Millipede
Support tOpos
Mass volume
Main structure
Load
Solid components
Karamba
Steps & handrails
Structure Optimization
Hy-Bridge
14
Biomimetic Prototypes Inspirations from elytron The elytra of beetles are of high specific strength for its hallow structure similar to bone trabeculae. In different scale, its biostructure embodies unique material feature, where fibers are woven in a certain pattern to support its high-strength performance.
Design Strategies | Hy-Bridge Fiber Simulation Mockups Carbon fIber is applied in architectural fabrication as a novel material with its extremely high tensile specific strength. To explore the structural form of fiber and metal, we experimented on the possible forms and strength performances of the different fiber winding patterns in the preliminary stage of research.
Handmade mockups fiber syntax
Macroscopic view: 1cm
Mesoscopic view: 1mm
Microscopic view: 50Îźm
15
Hy-Bridge
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
Main Structure Design
Design Strategies | Hy-Bridge
Form Finding & Structural Optimization
Deformation Simulation & Declension 30 times amplification
60 times amplification
90 times amplification
Abstraction
0 times amplification
Optimize with the most walkable slope
Relaxation
Volume
Relaxed planar geometry
Define the thickness of the arch considering site constraints
Abstract the frame based on the optimization outcome
Planar deformation
Arch Generation
Initial Optimization
Brep
Surface (dead) load
Linear (live) load
Support
Volume reduction
Abstract the frame based on the optimization outcome of iteration 45
Iteration*10
Iteration*20
Iteration*30
Iteration*40
Iterative Optimization
Angle Adjustment
Cut down the volume of the redundant connection part ot archieve lighter self weight
Surface (dead) load
Linear (live) load
Support
Evenly arrange the truss on the facade to cut down the ultimate moment
Connection increase
Brep
Bending moment declension
Adjust the connecting angle to make it printable
Iteration*15
Iteration*30
Iteration*45
Iteration*60
Add connecting points at the top to minimize errors while welding the components
Hy-Bridge
16
Step Design Dimension Accuracy
Material Optimization | Hy-Bridge Frame Generation
Thinnest layer=200Âą10mm
01
Generate cross section triangles
02
Define constraints with handrails
03
Generate cap triangles
11380mm
04
Loft the sections into frames
Main Stress Lines Analysis Tension lines (red) Compression lines (black)
Windable fiber pattern
17
Hy-Bridge
Handrail Design & Fiber Syntax Handrail Fiber Pattern Generation
Syntax Optimization | Hy-Bridge Segmentation for Assembling
Structural stress lines (by point cloud)
Carbon fiber Glass fiber Structural stress lines (by grid points)
Stairs
3D metal printing main structure
Main stress lines (technical optimization)
Reference points
Unicursal path
Metal Plate
Winding path
Base
Uniform Load
Frame divided by iso-curves
Segmented handrails fiber pattern
Hy-Bridge
18
Fabrication Process Fabrication Challenges
1 Rotation Constraints Each axis of the robotic arms is constrained within -360° to +360°. Toolpath should be planned to rewind to the origin after a single iteration.
Resin Bath System Dampers (x6) A1
Avoid sudden loosening of the fibers.
A2
Damping System
A5 A4
A6
A3
Entwining Ring Entwine six threads of fibers into a thick thread.
2 Collision Avoidance End effector is prone to collide with the anchors on the frame due to accumulative errors. End effectors of different sizes were tested before the actual fabrication.
Splitting Rings 154mm φ=12mm
Fiber Coil (x6) Replaceable during fabrication process.
Balance weight Movable, provide enough tension when stretched.
3 Tension Control Unhardened resin reduce the friction between the fiber and the frame as well as the end effector. Extra tension are required to tighten the fibers during the winding process.
4 Unicursal Syntax The stress lines are straightened into geodesic lines on the frame surface. Fiber syntax should be designed for the robotic arm to wind in a single-thread pattern.
19
Hy-Bridge
Tension Control Press Roller
T=50N
A metal cylinder pressing the fibers into resin.
Resin Bath A metal cylinder pressing the fibers into resin.
Cooling Bath A metal container with ice for cooling purpose, prolonging pool life of resin.
Resin Impregnation
Avoid the fibers from overlapping and breaking apart.
Stretching Rings Provide extra tension to straighten the fiber threads.
Entwining
Fabricability Optimization | Hy-Bridge Neutral Position A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
39.75 -117.27 92.62 -56.78 -89.72 -6.66
Tilted Position A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
14.31 -102.07 71.56 -52.73 -59.43 103.93
Entering Position A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
47.95 -128.61 120.23 27.11 -24.67 93.90
Winding Position A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
70.88 -128.61 -78.34 78.09 45.43 -45.07
Unicursal toolpath Universal bench vice Handle bar
Hy-Bridge
20
Assembling Process
Final Product | Hy-Bridge
Rust removing
Photographer: Tian Fangfang Off-site assembling
On-site assembling
21
Hy-Bridge
Our team and tutors
Special acknowledgement Structure Consultants: Zhou Qiang, Zhang Xiao Welders: Qian Shifu, Qi Shifu, Liu Gong
See full paper (unpublished)
Decode Street and Emotion Research Project
2017 Oct. - 2018 Jan.
Keywords: Environmental Psychology Research, Data Analysis Tutors: Ercument Gorgul, Bea Camacho My Roles: Methodology research, Experiment design, Data analysis Teammates: Chen Chaoran, Duarte Torre do Valle, Huang Xingtai, Olga Bialczak
Initial Research
Initial Research | Decode Street & Emotions
Background
Methodology Review Traditional Validation Methods
"Over the past 30 years, we eventually build a notorious urban environment with despicable inconvenience and dissatifaction..." -Prof. Dihua Li, Landscape Apartment of Peking University
What do designers care the most?
29.3% Aestetics
36.6% Context
46.3% Creativity
82.9%
63.4%
Scale
Interview
Sujects are unable to give pertinent answers without being in a specific context.
Hard to represent the dynamic experience when walking in the environment.
An effective way to collect insights but biased answers are also expected.
Problem Space There is a variety of evaluation methods for urban environment, yet the traditional methods focus on the static images, not the dynamic experience, or not engaging the pedestrians in process.
State-of-art Validation Methods
Single Metric Evaluation
Integrated Evaluation
Physiologial Evaluation
Depending on a birdview observation, only providing hypothetical analysis for preliminary design.
Lengthy research process, difficult for designers to learn and evaluate an existing built environment.
A new method to figure out how the pedestrians are responding to the environment.
58.5%
Observe pedestrian' emotions
56.1%
Online questionnaire
48.8%
On-site questionnaire
46.3%
Key Take-aways
One on one interview
43.9%
Professional evaluation
1. Research on the objective metric related to the subjects' feelings. 2. Identify the key factor causing positive/negative effects on the subjects. 3. Rule out the "improvised" feedbacks and other noise. 4. Attain feedbacks and statistics in a efficient and reliable manner.
Collected from 67 questionnaires in Sept. 2017, Shanghai.
Decode Street and Emotions
Photograph
Users' Feelings
How would you prefer to collect pulic feedbacks?
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Survey
Experiment Design
Experiment Design | Decode Street & Emotions
Experiment Setup
Field Research Process
How might we assess the urban environments according to people's feelings objectively? Stimulates
Visual Input
Emotion Output Reflects
1 Target Site
North Xiangyang Road was selected as research site. We divided it into 19 segments with 20 observation points evenly, which will be the benchmarks of retrieving data.
Shanghai China
N 31°13'14'' E 121°27'2''
2 Recruit Subjects
Brainwave Sensor
23 pedestrians were randomly selected at the intersection and been informed of the experiment purpose on the date of Dec. 12, 2017.
3 Preparations Visual Stimuli GPS Record Video Record Time Record
The voluntary subjects were asked to walk on the street wearing a head-mounted EEG signal device before relaxing for 30 seconds with eyes closed to naturalize brainwave data.
4 Walk & Record According to the survey, emotions of the pedestrian can be an objective metric to evaluate the street quality. Meanwhile, more the 80% of the environmental information is related to visual perception. To quantify the visual inputs and the emotions, EEG sensors and video recorder were applied as input devices.
They are also required to take video of whatever might interest them while walking on the street silently. The video footage and the EEG data were then retrieved and aligned.
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Data Flow & Input Process
Data Processing | Decode Street & Emotions
INPUT DATA Video Footage
RECORDING TOOLS Bayesian SegNet14
EEG TGAM Module
Building
Vehicle
Road
Pedestrian
Pavement
Bike
Tree
Pole
EEG ID App
RAW DATA Segmented Picture
Bayesian SegNet
Brainwave Signal
RAW EEG Data
The photos were retrieved from the video according to the observation points, and were processed into a color-categorized picture using a machine learning tool Bayesian Segnet, developed by Cambridge University to identify different elements, whose ratios were then calculated by Color Summarizer.
Brainwave Signals Alpha band and Meditation signal
FILTERING TOOLS Color Summarizer15
OpenVibe
Ratios of Visual Elements
Filtered EEG signals
Tableau
Regression Models
OUTPUT DATA
Beta band and Attention signal
DATA ANALYSIS
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Decode Street and Emotions
Meditation measures how calm and clear-minded you are at the moment. It indicates the level of mental "calmness" or "relaxation" with algorithm value from 0-100 outputting every second. The more your mind relax, the higher the algorithm output value.
Attention measures how focused or single-minded you are at the moment. It indicates the intensity of mental "focus" with algorithm value from 0-100 outputting every second. The more you focus, the higher the algorithm output value.
Image Processing
Data Processing | Decode Street & Emotions
Decode Street and Emotions
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Data Analysis
Data Analysis | Decode Street & Emotions
Statistics
Preliminary Findings Ratio of Main Elements on 20 Observation Points
Ratio / %
Observation Point Band Power /dB
Average Attention and Meditation EEG Signal of 23 Pedestrians Attention Meditation
Time
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Decode Street and Emotions
The EEG signals and the ratios of elements were aligned in Tableau, a data visualization softerware to compute the a heatmap of coefficients above, which describes the degree to which these two groups of data are correlated. In the bottom two rows, the coefficient between tree element and meditation signal is rather high which in accordance with the common belief that natural scenes make people more relaxed. On the attention signal, road has a high positive effect and pavement has a more negative effect compared with other elements. The heatmap above demonstrates some preliminary insights based on the data. However, most correlations between the brainwave signals and the elements are subtle, indicating that a further study on the correlation between these data is required.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis | Decode Street & Emotions
Regression Models EEG Data
Visual Elements Data
Linear Model
Ridge Model
Lasso Model
Dataset
Testing Data
Training Data
Linear Regression
Ridge Regression
Lasso Regression RMSE Evaluation Matrix
RMSE Evaluation
RMSE Evaluation
RMSE Evaluation
Optimal Model To present the relationship between the two sets of data and for further prediction, several linear regression models were tested to select an optimal one through a machine learning process. The workflow is shown as above.
Attention Signal
Training set Testing set Mediation Signal Training set Testing set
Linear 6.64 2.98 5.69 2.38
Ridge 6.61 3.26 5.66 2.59
Lasso 6.65 2.29 5.53 1.94
RMSE (root-mean-square error) is a frequently used measure of accuracy, to compare forecasting errors of different models for a particular dataset. In general, a lower RMSE is better than a higher one.17 In the matrix above, among all the testing sets of Attention signal and Meditation Signal, RMSEs of Lasso Regression are the lowest. Therefore, Lasso Regression model was selected as the optimal one in current research, and computed graphs of coeffiecients between visual elements and emotion signals in the following page.
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Conclusion & Future work
Data Analysis | Decode Street & Emotions
Coefficients from Lasso Regression Model Attention
Meditation
Relative Attention
Coefficient Value
Bike
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Building
Decode Street and Emotions
Pavement
Pedestrian
Road
According to the results of the regression models, Relative Meditation 1. Although the correlation between street views and pedestrians’ emotion might vary due to the individual differences, specific street elements exert different subtle influence on people’s emotions. 2. Bike, road and pedestrian have positive effect while pavement has negative effect on subjects’ attention signal intensity. Building, vehicle and tree have no apparent correlation with the attention signal intensity. 3. Tree has rather strong positive effect while pedestrian, pavement and road have negative effect on on subjects’ meditation signal intensity. Building, vehicle and bike have no apparent correlation with the meditation signal intensity. Based on the regression model, a plausible explanation for the result is that bikes and passers-by provoke the attention or alertness of the subjects. Pavement reduces the attention intensity as it arouses the sense of safety of the pedestrians. For the future work, since we also take the dynamic visual factors on the street into consideration, we would like to add more elements into our variables such as sound Tree Vehicle and smell, which could make the result more comprehensive and adaptive.
References
Reference | Decode Street & Emotions
1. Hillier B, Hanson J, 1986: The Social Logic of Space 2. Marc Barthelemy et al., 2011: Spatial network, Theory and applications 3. Robert Cervero, Reid Ewing, 2010: Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis 4. Oliveira Victor, 2013: Morpho: a methodology for assessing urban form 5. Xin Li et al., 2016: Assessing essential qualities of urban space with emotional and visual data based on GIS technique 6. Erim Yurci, 2014: Emotion detection from EEG signals: Correlating cerebral cortex activity with music evoked emotion 7. Joong Woo Ahn et al., 2019: A Novel Wearable EEG and ECG Recording System for Stress Assessment 8. Martin Čertický et al., 2019: Psychophysiological Indicators for Modeling User Experience in Interactive Digital Entertainment 9. Masahiro Matsunaga et al., 2017: Association between salivary serotonin and the social sharing of happiness 10. Martin Čertický et al., 2019: Psychophysiological Indicators for Modeling User Experience in Interactive Digital Entertainment 11. Marian Stewart Bartlett et al.: Real Time Face Detection and Facial Expression Recognition: Development and Applications to Human Computer Interaction 12. According to https://www.britannica.com/science/human-sensory-reception 13. According to Vera Shuman et al., 2015: The GRID meets the Wheel: Assessing emotional feeling via self-report 14. Alex Kendall, Vijay Badrinarayanan and Roberto Cipolla: "Bayesian SegNet": Model Uncertainty in Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architectures for Scene Understanding 15. Martin Krzywinski: http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/color-summarizer/?home 16. The machine learning process was adopted according to the Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python, Pedregosa et al., JMLR 12, pp. 2825-2830, 2011. 17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root-mean-square_deviation
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Inspired by the great fire of Notre Dame de Paris. An installation for church aiming at evoking people's memory towards the fire and enchancing their multi-sensual experience.
Lumos Installation Art Design
2019 Aug. - 2019 Oct.
Keywords: Memorial design, church installation Tutors: Li Yingchao, Li Haoran My Roles: Background research, prototyping, 3D modeling Teammates: Huang Xingtai, Liu Yijun
1
Lumos
Initial Research
Initial Research | Lumos
Background: Notre Dame de Paris on fire
How did people react to the fire?
"Paris is beheaded."
#Don't touch Notre Dame "Let us recognize first that we are inheritors!"
-- New York Times, Apr. 15, 2019
A relentless fire devoured Notre-Dame de Paris in 2019 April. Parisians prayed and sang hymns, hoping a miracle will spare the cathedral from disaster. Yet the fire turned a part of the glorious cathedral into debris and smoked an exquisite rose window into pieces.
Controversy on Restoration Competition French people's opinion on restoration 21% 54%
"We will rebuild Notre Dame even more beautifully in five years." Dancing flames?
Over 2,000 tweets were crawled from twitter applying python and Scrapy to generate a word cloud describing how pepople feel about such great fire as above ("Notre Dame" is excluded).
25% Rebuild as it was
Research Insights
Rebuild with modern elements
Swimming pool?
No opinion
Macron, president of France has launched an international design competition for the restoration of Notre Dame de Paris, which inspired contemporary visions and drawn calls to rebuild exactly what was lost.
Mirror spike?
People cherish their experience in Notre Dame de Paris in the past and want to preserve their memory. A call for the incorporation of modern and classic elements should be taken into consideration.
Rocket base?
Lumos
31
Ideation
Ideation | Lumos
What would we like to create?
Design Concepts
How might we evoke people's memory towards the fire and enhance their church experience?
Concept 1: Prism in water Create dynamic iridescent light effects by controling the position and angle of the prism underwater using Arduino according to the sound input.
First we need to clarify what do people do and how they feel in church.
Wires and the equipment are prone to malfunction if contact with water.
Concept 2: Sound-controlled plastic balls Control the movements of suspended plastic balls by the frequency of the sound input applying a stepper motor and Arduino.
Lavabo
Baptism
Asperges
Tactile Memory
Rose window
Stained glass
Sunlight
Visual Memory
Organs
Hymns
Chime
Hard to control a series of motors using one Arduino panel.
Auditory Memory Concept 3: Sound-controlled lavabo
Create a multi-sensory installation that re-interpretes the auditory, visual and tactile experience with water, light and sound in cathedral.
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Lumos
Processing is applied to create a preliminary sound visualization prototype. The loudness of different frequencies were processed to control the patterns. Best interpretes the multi-sensual experience in a cathedral.
Prototypes
Prototyping | Lumos
The installation is envisioned to be instated in a cathedral as holy water fonts, serving as thought-provoking interactive ritual equipments. Vertical
Wall-mounted
Hanging
Audio Output Video Input
Projector
Of all the traditional holy water fonts, the hanging one would best perform the projected pattern on the ground.
Microphone
The frame is inspired by different forms of vault, which varies according to the style of the church where the the installations are exhibited.
Scenario sketch
Lumos
33
Pattern Design
The rose window is taken as the insipration of the geometry pattern and the color palette.
Particle Size
1 Color palette
Pattern Design | Lumos
2 Pattern skeleton Create 12 isosceles triangles around the center as the basic canvas.
3 Graph generation Randomize the postion, size and moving vector of the particles in given domains within one triangle.
4 Rotate & Duplicate Randomize the color of the particles, mirror and rotate the original graph. Particle Speed
34
Lumos
Scenarios & Experiment
Scenarios & Experiment | Lumos
Storyboard
Prototype Experiment A glass of water placed on a glass table, pierced through by a beam of light projected from above. As one rub the edge of the glass, water vibrates as the sound input. A series of transient and iridescent patterns resembling the rose windows in the cathedral are then generated in processing.
4
Valerie goes to visit Notre Dame de Paris after the restoration since the great fire.
A beam of light projects dynamic rose window-like patterns according to the sound through the bowl to the ground.
5 2 She enters the cathedral where an array of installations hanging above capture her eyes.
The dynamic pattern disappears and shrink as the rubbing sound fades.
6 3
More people enter and play along, creating a syphomy of light and sound in the cathedral.
Valerie rub her moistened finger along the rim of the bowl to create a soothing sound.
Lumos
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Other Works Neighborhood Within Yards Community Design Teammates: Deng Xinhe, Fu Zheyuan, Huang Xingtai, Jacquelin Chen See details: https://www.huangxingtai.com/youth-apartment •Researched on the spatial structure and potential strength of the site. •Aimed to activated the residential neighborhood with yards. •Created smooth transition between urban space and private properties.
Sports
Foodcourt
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Other Works
Reading
Pocket Park
Central Greening
Playground
Frame Generation
Fiber Optimization
"Chaconne": Carbon Fiber Chair Furniture Design Tutors: Philip F. Yuan, Li Wenhan See video: https://vimeo.com/382277720
d
Design and fabrication process of a carbon fiber winding chair, applying FEA analysis to generate the fiber pattern to reduce material use (27m carbon fiber).
a
Fiber Pattern Generation
b
c
Four feasible fiber prototypes
a
b
c
d
Hand-made mockups
Other Works
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"D esig n is a d a ta - d r iv en p rocess."