Siouxland Life - January 2018

Pros keep most items in storage

The oldest book in the library

How to deal with dry skin in winter

A GUIDE FOR LIVING IN SIOUXLAND

COLLECTIONS SIOUXLANDERS AMASS EVERYTHING FROM PIGS TO ‘STAR WARS’ WHAT’S THE BEST WAY TO PRESERVE A COLLECTION?

JANUARY 2018

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CONTENTS January

2018

Don’t say you don’t collect anything. We see you have more than one salt-and-pepper set. And what about those clippings you’ve got? Or the photographs of your family? They say you’re a collector. This month, we visit with Siouxlanders who amass interesting things (pigs, anyone?) and tell you how you can best take care of that collection for future generations. Dig in – and don’t say we didn’t warn you. Collecting can be addictive.

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THE OLDEST BOOK How far back do you think the Sioux City Public Library goes? Do you know what its oldest volume is? Think: 15th century.

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ON THE COVER Randy Van Peursem, of Orange City, Iowa, is an avid collector of “Star Wars” figurines.

His home, in fact, has space devoted just to them. Take a look at part of his “world” on page 12.

FAN FAVORITE A big sports fan can also be one of its best collectors. Meet one who knows the score on many levels.

Photograph by Tim Hynds

FEATURES 4 HOME a great move 12 COLLECTIONS a real force 16 COLLECTIONS history lesson 19 COLLECTIONS by the books 21 COLLECTIONS historic Orpheum 24 COLLECTIONS area influences 27 COLLECTIONS city’s archives

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COLLECTIONS pigs, pigs, pigs COLLECTIONS great teams COLLECTIONS comics, of course COLLECTIONS up, up and away COLLECTIONS how to preserve HEALTH medical answers PARTING SHOT

PUBLISHER Cynthia Donovan EDITOR Bruce Miller EDITORIAL Dolly A. Butz, Tim Gallagher, Earl Horlyk, Mason Dockter PHOTOGRAPHY Tim Hynds, Jim Lee, Justin Wan DESIGN April Burford ADVERTISING SALES Kaylee Betterton ADVERTISING DESIGN Kayla Fleming

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©2018 The Sioux City Journal. Siouxland Life is published monthly by The Sioux City Journal.

For advertising information, please call (712) 224-6279. For editorial information, please call (712) 293-4218.

HOW TO PRESERVE How do you keep your collection in pristine shape – so you can pass it along to another generation? We’ve got the experts’ suggestions.

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HOME

a great move

FAMILY

GRATEFUL FOR ADDED SPACE IN SERGEANT BLUFF

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Text by Tim Gallagher | Photographs by Justin Wan

SERGEANT BLUFF, IOWA | A Christmas wreath hangs on the white front door at the Nicolas and Veronica Leon home on Kingston Circle in Sergeant Bluff.

The stockings hang just inside the front door, on a decorative wall that’s the upper portion of a staircase leading to an expansive basement. The Christmas tree serves as a focal point for the living room.

Two pillows rest upon a seat in the entry. Both bear the word, “Grateful.”

“I saw them at Marshall’s and bought them,” Veronica Wood says. “We are grateful to be here.”

Here is a new home not far from Sergeant Bluff-Luton High School. The six-bedroom home that utilizes 2,000 square feet of living space on both floors was first seen by Nicolas Leon when he reported to work at this site in 2015. Nicolas owns Leon Insulation. His task that day was to begin insulating the home.

He came home from work, retiring to the Sioux City home he and Veronica had purchased a few years ago. He talked about the spacious home he was in at Sergeant Bluff. A few weeks later, they drove by this structure.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

From left, Yaritza Leon, 5, Veronica Leon, and Ivan Leon, 14, enjoy their new home in Sergeant Bluff, Iowa.

The home of Nicolas and Veronica Leon stands on Kingston Circle in Sergeant Bluff, Iowa. Nicolas Leon said he liked the look of the six-bedroom home when he arrived to insulate the structure in 2015.

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“My husband had talked about the blue house,” she says. “I saw it and liked the color.”

The contractor wanted to sell the Leons this home. The trouble? They weren’t yet looking all that hard.

“We had just done work a year earlier in our home,” Veronica says. “Nicolas did hardwood floors and put in a bathroom.

We’d painted it.”

The family, though, was growing, what with children Ivan, Yaritza and baby Joshua soon needing space of their own.

“The contractor bought our house, kept it for a year and sold it,” Veronica says. “That’s not how this usually works.”

Instead, the Leons found themselves moving from Sioux City to Sergeant Bluff.

They relocated in June and spent their first Christmas there, attitudes of gratefulness all around.

“I really like this home,” says Ivan Leon, 14. “In our old home, I didn’t have my own space, really. Here, I have a lot of space.”

Ivan is soon to have his own bedroom and bathroom in the basement, adjacent to a family room featuring TV and pool table. Another room nearby is the exercise room. There’s also an office where Veronica plans to do the paperwork for

An open concept affords the Leons views from the dining room to the living room.

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Nicolas and Veronica Leon say their dining room is an active hub in their house.

Leon Insulation, which employs six and does projects from Norfolk, Nebraska, to Okoboji, Iowa, and parts in between.

“I’ve been doing paperwork all over the house,” she explains.

The main floor has a living room, kitchen and dining room all set in an open concept. The kitchen island has a sink and spots to easily accommodate the children as they eat on raised chairs.

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Veronica and Nicolas Leon enjoy the open kitchen concept in their new home on Kingston Circle.

The ArT of home rejuvenATion It’s the New Year, and you’d like to rejuvenate Darrel Bullock your home. You’re not President Sioux City Building Inspections going to move walls or build an addition. But you’d like to breathe some new life into what you have. Here are a few easy updates you can do to make your house seem instantly new to you.

Paint a room’s trim. Refresh your main living space by painting the trim. Crisp baseboards and moldings go a long way to revitalizing the whole room. Bright white is a classic color that will complement any décor style.

Replace or recover a piece of furniture. Even one new living room chair or a reupholstered love seat can refresh a room’s look. A new coffee table or area rug will also help change a room’s appearance and serve as a new focal point. Or, even without new furnishings or upholstery, rearranging a seating group to face a different direction can breathe new life into the room. Consider hanging a wall mirror to create

the sense of additional space around a cozy really make a small bathroom pop. Colors and grouping of furniture. patterns that would be overwhelming in a larger room work like a decorative accent in the smaller Add fresh accessories. Pillows and throws can setting. Or go the other way and make the quickly change a room’s style by adding vibrant bathroom an oasis of serenity with light bluecolors or calming neutrals, while also enhancing grey walls. warmth and comfort. Ceiling-to-floor length drapes hung just outside a window’s width seem Look at lighting with new eyes. Is there an area to expand the room up and out. that could use more light? A warmer glow? Add a lamp to a table in a dim corner to open up Make your home a little smarter. With a variety of economical smart-home hubs to choose the room and show off the objects on the table. from, it’s easier than ever to take that first step Pendant lights aren’t just for dining areas — a into the world of smart-home living. Look for stylish pendant fixture hanging next to the arm a hub with do-it-yourself setup and no monthly of the sofa or guest bed is an object of interest fees. Download a free app, buy a few compatible as well as a source of light. In the kitchen, install lightbulbs and a smart outlet strip, and you’ll LED strip lighting under cabinets where work soon be able to remotely control several surfaces below could use a little illumination. appliances within your home. From there, consider a smart deadbolt, garage door opener, To find a contractor, remodeler or a store to help you with the perfect updates, home security system and/or thermostat. visit the Home Builders Association Give a small bathroom new character. Bright- website for a complete list of members at colored walls or bold wallpaper patterns can www.siouxlandhba.com/members.

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JANUARY 2018

SIOUXLAND LIFE

Veronica Leon said she and her family enjoy the open kitchen concept.

The master bedroom.

The browns and yellows of the granite counter-top blend with the neutral olive tones of the living room, an area set off with beige carpet and a tiered ceiling that’s darker in color.

The backsplash on the island matches that found beneath the cabinets on the other side of the kitchen.

“We didn’t have a dining room in our other house,” Veronica says, explaining that the kitchen area has about doubled from house to house.

The master bedroom, located just steps off the dining room, also represents a doubling in space from the couple’s previous master bathroom. Additionally, there are his and her vanities in the master bathroom, a towering shower and more than ample walk-in closet space.

Past the kitchen is a doorway connecting to a three-vehicle garage. Another room to the west is the laundry/mud room.

Moving past the living room, one meets the second main floor bathroom, one shared by the children using the upstairs bedrooms, the rooms used by Yaritza and Joshua.

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Yaritza Leon, 5, enjoys having her own bedroom.

Yaritza shows off her bedroom, including stuffed animals that rest by-day atop her pillow. A kindergarten student at Sergeant Bluff-Luton Elementary School, she smiles and tucks her face next to her mother, admitting that “Mom makes my bed in the morning.”

“I was worried a little about moving, because she was starting school,” Veronica says of their relocation. “But Yaritza loves school here.”

Ivan, meantime, is a freshman at West High and plans to stay there throughout high school, as it was the school in which he began. Once he obtains a permit, he’ll make the short drive each day.

Until then, he’ll have room in this new home to explore and savor, just like his mother and the rest of the family.

“It’s so comfortable having more space,” he says.

“I am still getting used to the house,” Veronica adds. “I really like the space.”

The bathroom just off the master bedroom features plenty of counter-top space.

The Home Builders Association of Greater Siouxland consists of quality builders, subcontractors, and suppliers. If you are thinking about building a new home or have a remodeling project, please contact the association for a list of reputable contractors.

Visit us online at www.siouxlandhba.com for a complete list of members or e-mail us at hbasooland@siouxlan.net 3900 Stadium Dr., Sioux City, IA

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January 2018

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A Christmas tree and a snowman decorate the living room during the holidays.

COLLECTIONS

a real force

Randy Van Peursem of Orange City, Iowa, a collector of Star Wars, Star Trek and Lord of the Rings figurines, holds an original telescoping light saber Luke Skywalker figurine and a Darth Vader figurine at his Orange City, Iowa, home.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

Randy Van Peursem of Orange City, an avid collector of Star Wars, Star Trek and Lord of the Rings figurines, talks about his collection at his Orange City, Iowa, home.

STAR WARS COLLECTION

KEEPS ‘THE FORCE’ WITH ORANGE CITY MAN

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Text by Tim Gallagher | Photographs by Tim Hynds

ORANGE CITY, IOWA | Randy Van Peursem lives in a climate-controlled setting just 117 steps from his office at Northwestern College. The 48-year-old makes all but five meals per year for himself from scratch. He eats primarily organic foods and cannot drink milk.

And yet, his battle with dysautonomia, a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that makes him practically allergic to everything, won’t stop Van Peursem from flinging open the doors to his home to allow visitors to delight in the massive “Star Wars” collection he’s amassed.

The collection, featuring some 6,000 action figures alone, helped Van Peursem keep his sanity as health woes wreaked havoc on his body more a quartercentury ago. “My faith in God kept me

grounded,” he says. “This collection kept my sanity.”

Van Peursem’s assessment comes with a giggle, a laugh that complements more than a kernel of truth. Consider what he went through as a 20-something chasing his dream while enrolled in medical school at the University of Iowa, an earnest student intent on one day becoming a family practice physician or, get this, an allergist.

“I graduated from Northwestern in 1992 and went to medical school at the University of Iowa,” Van Peursem says.

“But then I began having health problems. I’d black out and dry-heave up to 60 times per day.”

Ultimately, his health woes forced him to drop out of medical school on Sept. 17, 1994. Trying to ascertain what

was wrong, he ended up seeing 20 specialists at the University of Iowa and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. A breakthrough came when a local doctor referred Van Peursem to Allergy Associates of La Crosse, Wisconsin. A leading allergist, Dr. George Kroker, who had a months-long waiting list, agreed to see Van Peursem immediately.

“I’d been having nausea 24 hours per day and they couldn’t find the cause,” Van Peursem remembers.

Kroker sent Van Peursem through a battery of allergy tests. In an extreme rarity, he tested positive for allergies to everything.

“Dr. Kroker told me mine was the worst case he’d ever seen,” Van Peursem says.

How bad was it? Van Peursem was

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This room features Star Trek figures, with the lone exception being the life-size Star Wars storm trooper.

even allergic to the metal in three fillings in his teeth. He had to eventually go through a chelation process to expel the mercury from his mouth.

In January 1995, Kroker had Van Peursem go “cold turkey” from his diet, cutting off all meat, milk, eggs, wheat and more. He quickly went into convulsions because his body was addicted to the very items that had harmed it.

“I got an organic pork chop about this time and didn’t get nauseated within the first 20 minutes after eating it,” he remembers. “I about cried.”

Slowly, he began eating organic forms of lamb, chicken, fish and beef. He helped scrub his parents’ residence clean and did all he could to protect himself from dust and outside environmental changes. Slowly, he began to stabilize.

Along the way, he picked up a hobby: Collecting “Star Wars” figures. It began in 1993 as Van Peursem visited in a flea market in Iowa City that had vintage “Star Wars” figures. He reflected on his childhood and the six “Star Wars” figures he played with as a boy.

Soon after, Van Peursem noticed more “Star Wars” figures in an edition of Toy Shop magazine. And that’s when the collecting bug bit.

“I started to go through Toy Shop magazine and whenever I’d come home from Iowa City, I’d use an atlas and hit 14

January 2018

A diorama of Battle Droids.

various Wal-Mart stores, Walgreens and other stores to help complete a certain collection,” he remembers.

In 1999, Van Peursem stumbled on to eBay just before the market took off.

His discoveries there allowed him to buy larger lots of action figures while selling off his extras, a means by which he funded additional purchases.

Ultimately, he ended up with 6,000 figures from “Star Wars,” “Star Trek” and “Lord of the Rings,” all coming from his favorite science-fiction movie franchises.

In 1996, Van Peursem’s health improved to the point where he could work minimally at his alma mater, Northwestern College. Four years later, he moved to half-time status. In 2002, he bought a home adjacent to campus and went

SIOUXLAND LIFE

three-quarters time. And, in 2005, he began spreading out work on his 10-month contract over 12 months. It is where Van Peursem continues work today, advising all incoming biology and chemistry majors while helping to run the Science Center, an entity that offers tutoring assistance and more to students in science, math, accounting, computer science, Spanish and more.

“I absolutely love what I do,” he says with a wide smile. “And if I live within my confines, I’m good. The Lord has been faithful.”

Van Peursem shows his gratitude, in one way, by opening his home – and his collection – to those who want to see it.

The thrill for him comes in seeing eyes widen and mouths dropping open when visitors step into an upstairs bedroom filled neatly from corner to corner with “Star Trek” action figures. The same happens when visitors turn the corner to enter his basement, a virtual “Star Wars” Hall-of-Fame facility.

The “Star Wars” figures are 3.75 inches, each affixed with magnets below their feet, so as to avoid a catastrophe where one figure falls and, like dominoes, sends all the others toppling.

“I’ve gotten figures from people in China, Great Britain and Australia,” he says, mentioning the origin of just a few of his figures. “And I’ve shipped

A diorama of clone troopers is shown at Randy Van Peursem’s home in Orange City, Iowa. Van Peursem is an avid collector of Star Wars, Star Trek and Lord of the Rings figurines.

throughout the world. I’ve made friends in the Philippines, Brazil and Indonesia, and have helped people there fill out their collections as they didn’t have all the access I do.”

Interestingly, Van Peursem didn’t see the original “Star Wars” 40 years ago.

His first brush with “The Force,” came in 1980, when visiting family in Chicago, he saw “The Empire Strikes Back.”

“I was hooked,” Van Peursem says about the movie series that changed everything in the industry. “I’ve probably seen ‘The Empire’ eight to 10 times.”

With each new movie, including “The Last Jedi,” which debuted Dec. 15, Van Peursem purchases at least a couple of action figures, his way of keeping his collection moving forward. Those recent purchases also help him illustrate how packaging and technologies have changed.

“The vintage action figures (from 1977) have four points of articulation,” Van Peursem says as he moves the arms and legs of an old Luke Skywalker. “Now, there are 16 to 32 points of articulation.”

Two decades ago, an action figure cost $3.95. These days, they run $9 to $10 each, another reason why Van Peursem doesn’t go head-over-heels for the new toys.

“I’ll wait a couple of years to when prices drop because of a glut on the

A diorama featuring Jabba the Hutt.

market,” he says with a laugh. “You know, I am Dutch.”

So, while he proceeds with caution on an incredible collection he describes as “mid-size” for fans of these movies, Van Peursem always has an eye out for a key figure to add to his orderly assembly of dioramas and more. And when he’s not

tutoring students or making a piece for another diorama, Van Peursem has his ear to the ground for fans of these movie empires that remain a positive force for this Sioux County native.

“This helps me keep my sanity,” Randy Van Peursem says with a smile. “This is something I can share with others.”

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COLLECTIONS

history lesson

Collector Harold Canny shows off an antique that features a man doing a somersault while mooning from inside an outhouse.

A ‘CANNY’ COLLECTOR

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Capturing America’s past through advertising collectibles Text by Earl Horlyk | Photographs by Justin Wan

SIOUX CITY | When he was a child growing near Ottumwa, Iowa, Harold Canny began collecting baseball cards.

After he and his late wife Marge moved to Sioux City, the couple raised four children.

And yes, Canny’s collectibles expanded as quickly as his family.

Now, vintage baseball cards, obscure

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marketing memorabilia and advertising displays fill nearly every room of the retired Sioux City Community School District social studies teacher’s Northside home.

“My favorite pieces usually have a story or a local angle attached to them,” Canny, 79, said. “That’s what makes the pieces personal.”

SIOUXLAND LIFE

SIGNS OF A TIME Born into a working-class family, Canny takes pride in the work ethic of his dad, a longtime employee at a meatpacking plant.

That may explain the 1926 John Morrell calendar hanging on the dining room wall or the company’s metal sign that hangs in his kitchen.

Above: An antique cash register in perfect working order is part of Harold Canny’s collection of one-of-a-kind finds. Canny regularly attends antique shows throughout the Midwest for obscure items. Right: Longtime Sioux City educator Harold Canny has a passion for vintages signs used in grocery stores to promote items like breads, candies and sodas.

A collection of vintage food tins are shown from a shelf in Harold Canny’s kitchen. These tins once stored anything from bubble gum to leaf lard.

On closer inspection, many items in Canny’s collection pay tribute to businesses that no longer exist.

Chances are you’ve heard of the Hires Root Beer Company. But what about the Nichol Kola Company, which advertised itself as being “America’s taste sensation”?

Or can you remember Kayo Chocolate Soda, which featured Kayo from the “Moon Mullins” comic strip as its namesake?

Signs for all of these brands are displayed prominently in Canny’s kitchen.

“I remember seeing some of these

brands as a kid,” he said. “But most are simply too obscure, even for me.”

For instance, Canny can readily identify TV’s “Howdy Doody” from an old promotional sign hyping the nutritional value of Wonder Bread. However, the redheaded marionette’s human co-star Princess Summerfall Winterspring is less well-known.

“It’s hard to miss Howdy,” he said. “But his Indian princess friend is a mystery to me.”

An advertisement for Ankle Deep Soda Pop led Canny to do some investigative work.

“I was intrigued in Ankle Deep Soda because it was a David City, Nebraskabased company that tried to play off the Nehi Sodas that were very popular at the time,” he said. “Also, I wanted to get more information on the model used in their ads.”

The swimsuit model turned out to be Marie Prevost, a former silent movie actress who died young after becoming addicted to alcohol and drugs.

“The actress’ best friend was Joan Crawford, who ended up paying for her funeral,” Canny said. “Like I said, some of the best collectibles come with a story.”

This is true for the Rube Goldbergtype cigar cutter that was used to promote Conway’s Fine Cigars, which had stores in Sioux City, Cedar Rapids and Lincoln.

“The cutter still works like a charm,” Canny said, showing off the metal contraption.

It’s also true for the miniature pickle barrel from the Monarch Pickle Company.

“Back in the day, you’d probably find this pickle barrel at some bar,” Canny said. “If you wanted to buy a pickle to go with your beer, you’d get it from it from this display.”

A TREASURE IN TIN Placed on an upper shelf in Canny’s kitchen are tins that once contained oddball products. Did you know you could purchase Oscar Mayer lard or Peter Pan peanut butter by the can?

Canny knew that. This is why he scours antique shows throughout the Midwest. Up until recently, he also

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Have you ever had a cold tongue sandwich? Collector Harold Canny said the menu board, which also boasted a promotion for the Smile Orange Soda Company, probably came from a small town coffee shop or luncheonette more than 70 years ago.

worked for a handful of local antique stores.

“Actually, it’s pretty common to see collectors working at an antique store,” he admitted. “That way, we get first dibs on the most interesting merchandise.”

QUIRKY ANTIQUES FROM A MORE INNOCENT TIME Well, it’s clear that Canny has an eye for collectibles. Although he insisted he doesn’t have a favorite, a few items touch his funny bone.

“I love the old menu board that advertised Smile Orange Soda,” he said. “It featured the type of sandwiches you could get an any lunch counter from the 1940s.

Anything from ham and cheese to roast beef to a cold tongue sandwich.”

“I made sure to hang that sign next to my thermometer promoting Tums,” Canny added with a laugh.

Despite having a countless number of collectibles, he said he remembers the ones that got away.

“For the longest time, I wanted one of those old-fashioned strength machines,” Canny said. “You know, the ones where’s you grip a lever to see if you’re either a he-man or a wussie. I could have gotten it for a bargain one day. But I waited.

When I saw it again, it was out of my 18

January 2018

From retro pickle barrels to Elsie the cow, Harold Canny can’t say no to an offbeat collectible.

price range.”

Still, he admits to more collecting victories than defeats.

Looking over Canny’s collections, you can see a remarkable slice of Americana from the age of the Greatest Generation to that of a Baby Boomer. You can spot obscure signs that would otherwise be cast aside.

That is, if it weren’t for collectors like Canny.

“You collect whatever captures your interests,” he said. “I love advertising because it’s art as well as history.”

“We can tell a lot about society through the products that we use.”

SIOUXLAND LIFE

A metal cigar cutter from Conway’s Fine Cigars is still in perfect working condition, according to Sioux Citybased antique collector Harry Canny.

COLLECTIONS

by the books Sioux City Public Library historian Jessi Wakefield opens a 15th century Catholic breviary during an interview at the Wilbur Aalfs Library. The book, which contains prayers, hymns, psalms and readings in Latin, was donated by A. Van Wagenen, a Sioux City judge, and his family in memory of Gertrude Van Wagenen Failey in 1931.

BY THE BOOKS

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Library has a volume that dates back to 15th century

SIOUX CITY | Kept in a closet under lock and key at the Sioux City Public Library is a religious book known as a “breviary.” The book, which was printed during the 15th century, is the oldest and likely most valuable book in the library’s possession.

Library historian Jessi Wakefield said the breviary contains prayers, hymns, psalms and readings in Latin that were used by Roman Catholic priests. It weighs about 50 pounds and is made of

Text by Dolly A. Butz | Photographs by Justin Wan

velum, prepared animal skin.

“Whenever we do want to show it to the public, which hasn’t happened in a while, we do put it under a locked case,” said Wakefield, who was handling the book for the very first time. “Although velum is sturdy, it’s not easy to work with when you’re used to paper.”

According an article published in the Sioux City Journal in June 1931, the breviary was obtained from the library of the royal Medici family in Florence, Italy,

by Dr. Gertrude Van Wagenen Failey, a Columbia University faculty member, in 1928. Failey’s family lived in Sioux City in the 1900 block of Rebecca Street from 1892 to 1919.

According to the article, Failey purchased the breviary while on an extended tour of Europe in 1928. Wakefield said she doesn’t know how much the breviary, which measures 42 inches across when opened and features embellishments with rich colors and gold

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Above: A detail of the map of Sioux City is shown in an Illustrated Atlas of the State of Iowa. The atlas, which dates back to 1875, is among the Sioux City Public Library’s oldest books. Right: The Illustrated Atlas of the State of Iowa, which dates back to 1875, is among the Sioux City Public Library’s oldest books.

leafing, is appraised at or insured for.

A. Van Wagenen, a former judge, and his family presented the breviary to the library in 1931, about three years after Failey’s death.

Wakefield said she feels the area in the Wilbur Aalfs Library where the breviary is housed is the most secure and pristine place in the building.

“Anytime that you have anything of any value, you have to make sure that it has climate control,” Wakefield said.

“Any place where you can control the temperature and amount of humidity of the room is going to be the best for that particular artifact.”

Although the breviary is a non-circulating book, Wakefield said any member of the public could theoretically look at the book after going through the proper channels.

“It looks like there has been some sort of water damage at some point that’s taking away from the integrity of the velum, but because it’s velum instead of paper it can handle stuff like that a lot better,” she said.

Although the library receives tons of book donations, Wakefield said maybe 20

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once a year staff come across something of real value, which they set aside.

An Illustrated Atlas of the State of Iowa, which dates back to 1875 and is also among the library’s oldest books, was likely obtained by donation as well, according to Wakefield.

DON’T JUDGE THE BOOK BY ITS WORN BLACK COVER. The atlas contains 590 pages of detailed illustrations of places of interest in Iowa’s 99 counties, biographical sketches of prominent government figures, an extensive appendix and maps of Iowa and the world. You can view a list of post offices, census data and life expectancy.

The illustrations were done by A.T.

SIOUXLAND LIFE

An ornamental initial letter in a 15th century Catholic breviary is shown. The book is the oldest and most valuable book in the Sioux City Public Library’s possession.

Andreas. More than a thousand other people contributed to the atlas and their names take up many of its pages.

Wakefield said a library volunteer takes donated books that are believed to be of significant value to a dealer in Omaha to have their worth assessed.

“I know if we were to be gifted anything like this again, it wouldn’t be in the donations,” Wakefield said of the breviary. “We would make a time to bring it in and make it an actual production, because this is clearly more valuable than most anything we have here.”

COLLECTIONS historic

Orpheum

AN IMPRESSIVE COLLECTION:

FIXTURES AND FURNISHINGS OF THE ORPHEUM

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Text by Mason Dockter Photographs by Justin Wan

SIOUX CITY | In its day, the 90-yearold Orpheum Theatre was no doubt a glamorous venue – replete with crystal chandeliers, dizzyingly high ceilings, ornate plaster work, elegant curtains and carpets with bold patterns.

After going through a sort of mid-life crisis in the 1970s and ’80s, when much of the theater’s grandeur was covered by false ceilings and stucco (followed by its closure in 1992), the Orpheum rebounded to its 1920s vaudeville elegance in 2001.

That happened as a result of incalculable hours (and millions of dollars) coming from the Orpheum Theatre Preservation Project.

If there is a living embodiment of that project (and of the Orpheum itself), it may well be Irving Jensen Jr., president of the project’s board of directors.

DETAILS, DETAILS Jensen (an engineer by trade) is, without a doubt, a details man.

As an example of his attention to detail: when the theater was being renovated, the renovators could (in theory) have settled for some reasonably 1920s-style carpeting for the building.

But Jensen took it a step further. He wanted a facsimile of the actual carpets that patrons in the late 1920s would have walked on.

“We found this original (carpet), we had it reproduced,” Jensen said as he sat in one of the Orpheum’s original, thronelike lobby chairs – first brought into the building in December 1927.

The carpet is an exact replica of the original carpet in the building, except

Irving Jensen Jr., president of the Orpheum Theatre Preservation Project board, at the Orpheum Theatre. Jensen worked to get back several of the Orpheum’s missing crystal light fixtures and sconces.

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21

When restoration work was undertaken at the Orpheum, several of its original chandeliers were dirty and missing crystals.

They were sent to a Chicago firm for restoration.

Left: This terra cotta fountain is a replica of the Orpheum’s original water fountains, based on surviving drawings.

Right: This chair was first brought to the Orpheum in late 1927.

that it isn’t made of wool.

“Original was wool,” he said. “But wool wouldn’t last like this does.”

But Jensen can’t talk about the replica carpet without lamenting a mistake he made, difficult though it is to notice. The main staircase in the lobby once had solid-colored carpet instead of the patterned carpet it had elsewhere, which a photo later revealed.

Not that anyone would notice – inside the Orpheum, visitors’ eyes tend to go upward, toward its massive crystal chandeliers.

Though the very largest and most breathtaking chandeliers didn’t leave the building (they were hidden above a false ceiling for years), several of the theater’s smaller crystal light fixtures and wall sconces strayed before renovation.

Many of these fixtures were taken when IPS (Iowa Public Service Co.) occupied the building decades ago. IPS employees were told they could take things from the then-run down theater, Jensen said.

Jensen spent a lot of time tracking down the Orpheum’s lost light fixtures.

All things considered, he was pretty successful.

“They weren’t all here. We got a lot of them back from people who had them,” Jensen said.

While some of the light fixtures were brought to the theater by previous owners, others had to be sought out.

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“I’m 86 years old.

I’ve been in this theater from the time I was a little boy.”

IRVING JENSEN JR.

“I’ve been to museums; at Cherokee I got three, four, five light fixtures up there,” he said. “Found a couple down in an antique place on Dace Street.”

When they were found, many of the chandeliers were dirty, and some of their crystals were missing. So, they were sent to a Chicago firm for restoration.

And today there’s not a crystal out of place.

TABLES AND TERRA COTTA FOUNTAINS These light fixtures aren’t the only surprising thing that came back to the theater.

“You see that table over there, that marble-top table?” Jensen said, gesturing to a table in the lobby. “There were two of those in the theater. That one was returned by one of the people from IPS. The other is in Lincoln, Nebraska.

“I know where it is, I tried to get them to donate it back – and they refused. So

SIOUXLAND LIFE

we only have one.”

How is it that Jensen is able to identify a certain table, missing for decades from the theater, as one of it’s original furnishings?

“Well there’s photos, memory,” he said. “I’m 86 years old. I’ve been in this theater from the time I was a little boy.”

Like the carpet, the theater’s terra cotta drinking fountains (which look like ornate pillars) are not the originals. They are, however, replicas of the original ones – not an easy thing to achieve.

The renovators went through a California company to have replicas made, using the fountains’ original drawings.

Unfortunately for that company, the first fountains they produced had basins that didn’t drain properly. So the fountains had to be sent back, and the basins re-shaped so the water would flow out.

Jensen described the re-acquisition of Orpheum furnishings and fixtures as “an ongoing project.”

The large chandeliers of the Orpheum never actually left the building – they were hidden by a false ceiling for years.

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COLLECTIONS

area influences

Todd Behrens, curator at the Sioux City Art Center, sits in the third-floor space where the Corn Room Mural is on display.

MOST PIECES IN

ART CENTER COLLECTION ARE IN STORAGE

s

Text by Mason Dockter Photographs by Tim Hynds

SIOUX CITY | Of the almost 1,200 artworks in the permanent collection of the Sioux City Art Center, only about 60 to 110 are actually on display at a given time.

The rest are housed in a storage room that few visitors ever see.

Todd Behrens, the curator of the Sioux City Art Center, said that the

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number of paintings, prints, sculptures and photos on display is, by necessity, the small minority.

“Far and away, most are in storage,” he said.

Having the bulk of treasures tucked away isn’t unique to the Sioux City Art Center, Behrens said. No matter what museum you go to, there’s only so much floor (and wall) space.

A larger museum, he added, will typically only have 5 to 10 percent of its total

SIOUXLAND LIFE

collection on display at a given time.

“It’s one of those unfortunate problems that virtually every – not just art museums – but most museums, experience,” Behrens said.

Another reason a lot of museums keep so much of their collection in storage is to preserve the pieces – an aging watercolor or lithograph might only tolerate a certain amount of display. So they’re kept in dark, temperature-controlled storage as much as possible.

“The collection is a two-fold thing.

One is preservation, you know – this is a cultural object that we want to keep here for as long as we can. While the other part is exhibiting and education,” he said. “So it’s a balance.”

A chunk of the museum’s space is dedicated to its permanent collection, in which pieces are exhibited for about five years before going back into storage.

“With that space, people who are our regular visitors will have artworks that they can rely on seeing,” he said.

For artworks that aren’t part of the permanent collection, periods of display can be a bit more sporadic. If a certain piece does get chosen as part of an exhibit, it would likely be up for three months or so.

That means there are some artworks that just don’t get out very often.

“The exhibition that we did this past

summer, I pulled some things out, and people who’ve been here for 20 years say, ‘Geez, I don’t think I’ve ever seen that piece!’” he said.

UPPER-MIDWEST ART Roughly 40 percent of the collection consists of prints, Behrens said – lithographs, screen prints, etchings. Another 32 percent are oil, acrylic and watercolor paintings. About 12 percent of the collection is photographs, and the rest of the collection is sculptures, drawings and mixed-media works.

Almost all of the pieces in the center’s collection are from the 20th and 21st centuries. Only 23 are from the 19th century, and only six date to before 1800.

And all the works are united (more or less) by a common theme.

“The overall collecting mission that we say is, that we collect art by artists

with connections to the Upper Midwest,” Behrens said. “Sometimes that’s a little loose, but for the most part, it means Iowa artists, the surrounding states, sometimes we throw in Kansas and North Dakota.”

But there are a few deviations from this rule, some of which have been owned by the center (or its predecessor, the Sioux City Society of Fine Arts) for a century.

In the early 20th century, members and supporters of the Society of Fine Arts began to amass artworks, but the society’s goal was a bit more vague – if a piece was sufficiently attractive, it may well have made it into the early collection.

“Even though they didn’t really have a facility, they began operating as if they were going to become a museum,” Behrens said. “Definitely by 1916, they had

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started to collect.”

The center still has a handful of these artworks, which are older and originate mostly from Europe or New England rather than the Midwest.

One of these is actually the museum’s oldest piece, an architectural sculpture believed to be from 13th century France.

“This is the outlier of outliers in the collection,” Behrens said. “Both that it’s French, an architectural fragment more or less.”

Donated in an earlier era when research was less precise, Behrens said the center knows neither the building the sculpture came from nor what part of France.

“We know virtually nothing about it,” he said.

Todd Behrens, Sioux City Art Center curator, talks about a circa 1250 stone griffin, the oldest item in the museum’s collection.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

CORN ROOM Perhaps the most significant piece in the center’s possession is a set of murals done by the Iowa-born artist Grant Wood, famous for his 1930 “American Gothic painting.

Now faded and very yellow, Wood’s “Corn Room” murals were painted in 1926 and hung for years in the downtown Martin Hotel. Woods was commissioned by Eugene Eppley, an Omaha hotelier, to paint a series of murals in Eppley’s hotels in Sioux City, Cedar Rapids, Council Bluffs and Waterloo.

The murals depict a vast, somewhat empty rural landscape. The most prominent feature is – what else – corn stalks.

For decades, the murals were covered in wallpaper and paint, until they were rediscovered in 1979. Restoration work was undertaken to bring the mural back to its former glory (or as close as possible).

Behrens suspects that, in the murals’ glory days in the 1920s, they probably looked a bit more bright and colorful than they do now. When Sheraton bought the old Martin Hotel some decades after Wood painted the scenes, they decided the murals were too oldfashioned and wallpapered over them.

“Its neglect in that way is why it’s so discolored now,” he said.

The Corn Room murals had a bumpy ride on their way to the Art Center. In 1986 they were donated to the center by the company that owned the Martin building, until the company declared bankruptcy and a judge ordered the donation invalid, and the murals to be sold.

At the auction block in 1995, Sioux City attorney Alan Fredregill paid $80,000 for the murals. He later donated them to the Art Center, where they are on longterm display.

COLLECTIONS

city’s archive

s ARCHIVE

Haley Aguirre, archival clerk for the Sioux City Public Museum, said donations of items that are moldy, rotting, extremely large and not related to Sioux City history are usually rejected.

THE OFFICIAL

Sioux City Public Museum tells city’s story Text by Dolly A. Butz | Photographs by Jim Lee

SIOUX CITY | It’s not uncommon for a person to walk through the Sioux City Public Museum’s glass doors carrying a cardboard box filled with old family photographs and other historical trinkets.

The museum received 255 separate donations from 201 donors in Fiscal Year 2016. The estimated 10,589 individual objects, photographs and manuscript collections represent a 10 percent increase over the previous fiscal year.

“We tend to tell donors we can never guarantee that anything will ever go on display. That’s a deal-breaker for some

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27

Every quarter, Haley Aguirre, archival clerk for the Sioux City Public Museum, said the museum’s Collections Committee reviews donations from the public.

Slides of donated items are shown at Sioux City Public Museum. The detailed cataloging process helps staff keep track of the museum’s ever-growing collection.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

people,” said Haley Aguirre, the museum’s archival clerk. “A lot of people want their items to be on display immediately and with our institution that’s just not something we can do.”

Aguirre said Siouxland residents also often loan or donate items for specific exhibits. For example, she said the museum received military uniforms and ammunition in advance of the opening of “Honoring Our Armed Services: 18612017.” The exhibit of Siouxlanders’ past and present military contributions ran through the end of December.

Matt Anderson, the museum’s curator of history, said the clock from the Simmons Hardware Company Warehouse, which is now the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, went on display fairly quickly.

“Either it’s large or impressive or it’s particularly important to local history,” Anderson explained of the items accepted into the museum’s collection.

“Another example would be the Rev. Haddock memorial that used to be in the street at Fourth and Water streets.”

After a donor fills out a form giving the museum temporary legal custody of the donation, the item or items are cataloged using Pastperfect, a digital software that connects every donation with its source. Next, the item or items are placed in the museum’s temporary custody room.

Every quarter, Aguirre said the museum’s Collections Committee, which is made of the archival records clerk, archives manager, curator of history, curator of education and museum director, review the donations.

“We’ll go through every item and decide, ‘Do we want to keep this or do we want to reject it?’” said Aguirre, who said a stack of Life magazines from the 1960s and a Wilson trailer are examples of donations that have been rejected.

“We’re not going to accept something from Chicago if it has nothing to do with Sioux City, because we’re the Sioux City Public Museum.”

Hazardous materials and extremely large items that won’t fit in the museum’s storage space have been returned to their owners or disposed of at the donor’s request.

“If something is really moldy and rotting away, that’s going to hurt us and that’s going to hurt anything that we put right next to it,” Aguirre said.

Anderson added, “We have a fair amount of furniture that’s been acquired over the years, but you have to have a specific purpose for it because it takes up a lot of the storage space. If it’s not used in an exhibit fairly regularly, it’s hard to justify the space that it

takes up.”

Accepted items are accessioned into the museum’s collections. Three pieces of paper are key in turning a donated item into museum property. The first, Aguirre said is a letter sent to the donor thanking them for their donation. The second is a deed of gift, which when signed, gives the museum permanent legal custody of the item. The third, is a copy of the deed of gift – the museum keeps one and the donor keeps the other.

“Once this deed of gift is signed, it is mailed back to us and it goes back into Pastperfect and into our file system,” she said. “Once (the donation) is ours, each donation will be given an accession number, which is the year of that donation and the number of the thing donated that year.”

Next, the donation is processed.

Photographs, for example, are placed in folders, defined by subject and cataloged.

“Everything in this museum, ideally, we know where it came from,” Aguirre said. “Each piece is given an object identification number, in our case, that is the accession number followed by the number of thing in that donation. These are physically adhered to the item in some way. The big thing we follow is, do

A box of donated items, mainly photographs, is shown in the Sioux City Public Museum’s Research Center.

no harm.”

Once the object I.D. is affixed by pencil, label or string tag, depending on the item, staff perform any preservation work that the item might require. Preservation includes flattening a photo and placing it in a sleeve or making an item

that is hazardous non-hazardous.

“Then, the item is stored away based on our own collections,” Aguirre said.

“Sometimes people just bring in a bullet pencil from the Stockyards. We can just slap a number of that, put it away and it’s done.”

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COLLECTIONS pigs,

pigs, pigs

IDA GROVE COUPLE

HOG-WILD FOR PIGS

i

Text and Photographs by Tim Gallagher

IDA GROVE, IOWA | Duane and Ellen Ernst went hog-wild for pigs years ago.

Like they haven’t heard THAT one.

The Ernsts have a shrine to all things pigs in a Pigseum on their acreage near Ida Grove, where Duane was raised and helped farrow 18 sows twice per year.

“I’d rather clean hogs than go out in the field to work,” Duane Ernst says.

“Back then, we had 2-row equipment and we had to cultivate corn three times per year.”

Maybe it was then that the bug bit, though his passion for piggies didn’t reach fever status for many years. He and wife Ellen were teaching near Augsburg, Germany, when they began collecting items featuring pigs. The couple spent much of their professional lives in Germany, where they both taught on U.S. military bases. Duane taught history, American government, German and physical education for the U.S. Department of Defense in Germany from 1968 to 1998. He retired at that point and the couple relocated to his home-place near the Ida Grove County seat.

“Pigs are a good luck symbol in Germany,” he says. “We went to a lot of flea markets because they don’t have garage sales in Germany.”

The couple collected pig figurines, cutting boards, kitchen utensils, stuffed animals, books and more for a decade or so in Germany, accumulating 500 to 600 items they packed and shipped home to Iowa when they moved back two decades ago. Those items sat in boxes on the farm for nearly a decade before Duane became inspired to renovate the old 60-foot by 20-foot hog house.

“I think I spent two to three weeks

Duane and Ellen Ernst display a plate that was made for their family and is now displayed at their Pigseum, a museum devoted to pigs, which is located at their residence near Ida Grove, Iowa.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

A wedding photo for Ellen and Duane Ernst is set in a frame of pigs near the guest book at the couple’s Pigseum, a former hog house on their farmstead.

with a power washer in here taking off the old pig manure,” he says.

He and Ellen bought new windows and painted them for the structure. An electrician rewired the hog house, too, meaning that, for $2,000 (the windows and electricity) the couple could safely show their collection of snouts, tails and oinks.

“The collection kind of starts in this corner,” Duane says, pointing to a Noah’s Ark display that has animals lined up two-by-two. The catch? They’re all pigs.

The Pigseum, a title for the place which is printed on sweatshirts and more, opened in time for the 50th class reunion of Duane’s high school class.

Since that time, the Ernsts have kept adding to their collection, scouring garage sales, Goodwill outlets and more. On occasion, they’ll find a stuffed pig or a little piggy figurine in the mailbox at the end of their driveway.

The collection has “fattened,” you might say, going from 500 to 600 original pig-related items to thousands upon thousands of all things pigs.

A small sampling of items upon which you can find pigs in this Pigseum: stuffed animals, books, chess pieces, pajamas, neckties, T-shirts, aprons, windsocks, cookie jars, toothpick holders, salt and pepper shakers, mugs, cookie cutters, wine bottles, beer steins, toilet paper, napkin holders, dishes, plates, place mats, pitchers, pictures and more.

The top boards of the old hog house are lined with dozens of pig-shaped cutting boards.

There are probably 100 or so piggy banks, including a couple that move when money finds their bellies. One bank can tell its user what kind of currency was dropped in for safe keeping.

The Pigseum collection includes dozens of porkers devoted to sports, be it soccer, baseball, golf, softball or football, the original pigskin sport.

Coffee mugs showing pigs are part of the massive pig collection.

“You read ‘Animal Farm’?” Duane Ernst asks. “You know pigs are highly intelligent.”

The piggy bank responds by telling Ernst he has deposited a nickel.

“This would be the only way we’d make money at the Pigseum,” he says with a laugh.

The Ernsts don’t charge for a tour of their Pigseum. Rather, they open it for local groups, such as Red Hat societies, the Schleswig Wine & Bier Club (of which Duane is a member), the Ida Grove Kiwanis Club (again, Duane is a member) and more. Guests are asked to call the Ernsts at 712-364-2888 to set up a visit if they wish, as regular hours aren’t kept.

Actually, there’s little that’s “regular” about this collection, one that doesn’t “bring home the bacon.” The highestpriced item, in fact, probably only cost the Ernsts $15. Instead, there are all sorts of collectibles here that set the owners back a whole 50 cents or $1.

“Our sons say, ‘Mom, Dad, you gotta stop buying this stuff,’” Duane says with a nod.

Will they take up sons Erich and Gregor on it? Maybe, maybe not.

“Her Money” has a size advantage in the piggy-bank department over a little porker called “His Money.”

“You used to be able to walk through here,” Ellen says while scanning the shelves, “but we had to keep putting up shelves.”

“Originally, I wanted to use part of the hog house for the collection,” Duane adds, “but it kept going and going and going.”

Passing a Christmas tree decorated with all things pig, the Pigseum founder shakes his head, indicating the search for alternative forms of pork is far from over.

“We have all sort of Christmas pigs, but we’ve not found any Easter pigs,” he concludes.

The traditional Easter ham, in a sense, has eluded the Pigseum. And so, the search continues. Chances are, the Ernsts will find that treasure before pigs fly.

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COLLECTIONS great

teams

Kenny Bern, 90, relaxes inside his home at Cherokee, Iowa. An addition to Bern’s home is lined with photos of local collegiate and high school athletes, plus a number of signed baseballs, state tournament programs and more.

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

A COLLECTION OF

HALL OF FAME

c

PROPORTIONS

CHEROKEE, IOWA | The addition to Kenny Bern’s home on West Willow Street in Cherokee is a virtual shrine to high school and collegiate athletics.

Row upon row of pictures, baseballs, athletic programs, softballs and tickets are displayed where Bern, 90, spends much of his time. It’s also where friends who stop by to visit can catch him, a fan for all seasons always willing to catch up on the previous night’s game.

An Iowa Hall of Fame bowler, Bern has been to the Iowa High School Athletic Association Boys’ State Basketball Tournament each March for threequarters of a century, the only exceptions being those years he served in the military during World War II. Bern keeps ticket stubs for state tournaments and has them affixed to a display at the east edge of his addition. They’re hanging near dozens of pins he’s received from local high school athletes.

“I always sit in the same seat at the state tournament,” Bern says. “The ushers all know me by name.”

As do all of the Braves athletes who wear the black and gold for Cherokee, Bern’s hometown team. The retiree starts early, often attending their afternoon games as middle schoolers before they work their way on to the varsity rosters. Student-athletes sometimes ask Bern to pose for a photo with him after they’ve hit a home run, for example.

“And lots of nights, those kids offer to walk me to my car,” he says.

An old Briar Cliff Chargers photograph on the wall launches Bern into a story about stopping to see legendary coach Ray Nacke, the father of Briar Cliff basketball. Bern says Nacke was recovering from a heart attack while his team played a game in Sioux City. Bern attended the game and stopped to see Nacke in the hospital after it was over.

“Coach Nacke had listened to the game and was so upset with how it

Text and photography by Tim Gallagher

“Home Sweet Home” is Willow Street in Cherokee, Iowa, where Kenny Bern has lived since 1961. An addition to his house is full of baseballs, state tournament programs and pictures of high school and collegiate athletes.

A baseball containing a 90th birthday message was signed by longtime athletics official Pete Hansen, of Storm Lake, Iowa, and sent to Kenny Bern, of Cherokee, Iowa, on his 90th birthday in May. The baseball rests in front of a picture of Bern and Cherokee High School wrestlers Dane Jurgensen, left, and Cade Jurgensen. Bern is a fan for every sports season in and around Northwest Iowa.

went, I thought he was going to have another heart attack,” Bern says. “I told my wife (Olga) that we had to get out of

there, to let him cool down.”

The Berns left the hospital and drove across the city to catch Morningside College in hoops action that night.

There are photos of University of South Dakota Coyotes, Buena Vista Beavers and even the professional athlete here and there. Bert Blyleven, a 2011 inductee into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, New York, has a signed Hall of Fame photo for his pal, Kenny Bern. Blyleven, an announcer for the Minnesota Twins, remembers Bern a couple of times each year and sends a card on his birthday and at Christmas.

“You don’t get any better than Bert Blyleven,” Bern says.

And when it comes to showing passion for the local sports scene, nobody does it better than super-fan Kenny Bern.

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COLLECTIONS

comics, of course

Comic book collector Justin Knecht shows a vintage X-Men comic inside his Morningside home.

HOLDING OUT FOR A

s

Sioux City has a ‘spider-sense’ for comic book web weaver

Text by Earl Horlyk Photographs by Justin Wan

SIOUX CITY | Justin Knecht may not have superhuman strength or the ability to cling to walls or the agility needed to dodge bullets at point blank speed but the Sioux Cityan always identified with Peter Parker and his alter ego Spider-Man. “Superman acted as if he was sort of a Boy Scout while Batman was some rich, brooding guy with a fancy car,” Knecht explained. “On the other hand, Spider-Man seemed like this normal guy with abnormal abilities. He got to be the good guy but he was also

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allowed to crack jokes while he was saving the day.”

In other words, “Spidey” was an “everyman,” who just happened to be able to shoot spider webs out of his wrist.

That was what Knecht thought when he started reading Marvel comic books at age 12. He continues to feel the same way at age 40.

“Some people outgrow their love for superhero comics,” he said with a shrug.

“Me? I’ve never outgrew my love for Spider-Man.” The former video game store manager even dedicated a room inside his Morningside home to the fictional webweaver.

SIOUXLAND LIFE

From vintage comics to large-scale figurines to, believe it or not, a bust of creator Stan Lee, Knecht has developed a sixth sense (“spider-sense?”) for both Spider-Man as well as other members of the Marvel cast of costumed characters.

THE SECRET LIFE OF A COMIC BOOK GEEK Knecht said he’s well aware of the stereotype associated with comic book fans.

“We’re supposed to be a little nerdy and not very athletic,” he reasoned.

“Guess I fit the bill.”

However, Knecht also managed to get the girl. While wife Regina doesn’t

necessarily share his obsession, she puts up with it.

“Regina allowed me to get this,” Knecht said, pointing to the slightly faded, 20-year-old tattoo on his bicep. “Oh, wait. She may have been out of Comic book aficionado Justin town that weekend.”

Knecht said Marvel Luckily for him that Comics’ Spider-Man is Regina doesn’t mind more accessible than her husband’s regular his D.C. Comics rivals pilgrimages to Comiclike Batman and Con, an international Superman. comic book convention that attracts millions to San Diego every year.

SUPER MARKET FOR SUPERHERO MERCHANDISE “San Diego’s Comic-Con and ComicCons held across the country are no longer simply for comic book fans,” Knecht said. “Comic-Cons are also for video gamers, cos players and anyone interested in what’s happening in pop culture.”

Comic-Cons are also where he has picked up plenty of superhero swag.

From Spider-Man figures of various sizes and vintages to a replica A Comic-Con of Marty McFly’s skateboard from regular attendee, the “Back to the Future” movies, Justin Knecht enjoys Knecht has a knack for one-of-apurchasing original art kind finds. drawn by his favorite Marvel comic illusAmong Knecht’s favorite trators.

Comic-Con purchases are illustrations of his favorites, as well as a posed portrait with, of course, the ubiquitous Lee. “I always wanted to have my photo taken with Stan Lee and it finally happened,” Knecht said, glancing at a framed photograph. “Stan was even willing to do the Spider-Man web shooter pose with me and that was very cool.”

THREE QUESTIONS FOR A SUPERFAN Besides Spider-Man, who is your favorite superhero?

“Marvel’s Darkwing is pretty cool. I’d choose Darkwing as my next favorite superhero.”

DEFINITELY NOT KID’S STUFF Showing off some of his most recent acquisitions, Knecht pointed to villianess Harley Quinn’s first appearance in a Batman comic, as well as the origin story of Marvel’s The Silver Surfer.

“There’s a huge market for collectible comics,” he said.

But one gets the impression that Knecht isn’t in the market to sell any of his memorabilia.

After all, each item takes him back to when he was a kid debating the merits of Superman versus Spider-Man. “Will I ever be too old to apJustin Knecht preciate a good superhero comic shows off his 20-year-old Spiderbook?” Knecht asked himself.

Man tattoo.

“I hope not.”

If you had to create your own superhero, who would he be?

“Actually, I did create my own superhero when I was younger. I named him Dark Man. He looked like Spawn but wore a fedora like Dick Tracy.”

If you got to choose a superpower, what would it be?

“I’d definitely choose the ability to fly. Who wouldn’t want the power to fly?”

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JANUARY 2018

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A Com origina

COLLECTIONS

up, up and away

Executive Director Larry Finley enjoys giving tours of the Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation.

The 30,000-square-foot facility literally has something on most forms of transportation.

READY FOR

TAKE OFF Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation preserves ‘moving’ history

s

Vintage airplanes from all eras are on display at the Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation.

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Text by Earl Horlyk | Photographs by Tim Hynds

SIOUX CITY | It’s been more than 28 years since a United Airlines DC-10, flying from Denver to Chicago, crash-landed at Sioux Gateway Airport.

Out of the 296 passengers and crew members on Flight 232, 112 were killed in the disaster that occurred July 19, 1989.

Located just 15 acres north of the airfield, the Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation has a permanent exhibition dedicated to Flight 232, the heroes, the victims and the community’s reaction to the tragedy.

The museum features a model of Flight 232, a map showing the path the plane took backtracking across Northwest Iowa after an engine malfunction

SIOUXLAND LIFE

and, even, the mangled seat used by Capt. Al Haynes, the DC-10’s pilot.

“When Al saw the captain’s seat at the museum, he said it helped answer a lot of questions,” Larry Finley recalled. “Chief among them is why his head, back and legs still hurt after all this time.”

Executive director of the museum, Finley oversees the 30,000-square-foot building that is filled with historic planes, vehicles and other transportation relics.

Although Flight 232 remains its most high profile exhibit, he said visitors have much more to experience at the museum.

Indeed, the museum, located at 2600

A display of military uniforms is among the interesting artifacts found at Sioux City’s Mid America Museum of Aviation and Transportation. Executive Director Larry Finley said the museum attracts visitors from around the world.

IF YOU GO

The engine and prop on a 1929 Pitcairn are shown at the Mid America Museum of Aviation and Transportation.

Expedition Court, provides a one-of-akind history of the role transportation has played for more than 100 years.

What’s the quirkiest exhibit? Possibly a horse-drawn hearse, manufactured in 1880, and an automotive hearse, manufactured 100 years later.

“Even though there’s a century between the two hearses, both were made by the same manufacturer,” Finley noted.

Another unusual entry would be the 1929 Pitcairn two-seater prop plane that was used to deliver air mail.

“The pilot would sit in one seat while the mail bag sat in the other,” Finley said.

Veterans will get a kick out of the display of uniforms worn by different branches of the military throughout the years while fans of mod fashion will be amazed at some of the outrageous outfits that airline stewardesses wore in the swinging 1960s.

Finley is especially proud of the Boeing 707 flight deck that was also seen on

WHAT: Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation WHERE: 2600 Expedition Court, Sioux City WHEN: 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday; noon to 4 p.m. Sunday. Closed Wednesday.

PHONE: 712-252-5300 ADMISSION: $6, adults; $5, seniors and active military; $3, children ages 5 -14; Children, 4 and under, free.

ABC’s short-lived “Pan Am” television series that ran from 2011 to 2012.

The Mid America Museum of Aviation & Transportation has attracted visitors from all over since it opened in 2010.

“I think it’s because there is such a variety of things to see here,” Finley said.

“Not only are you seeing all forms of aircraft ranging from commercial to general to military to sport, you’re seeing vintage cars and motorcycles of all types.”

All of the artifacts help to tell the exciting story that aviation and transportation have played in our lives.

In fact, Finley would like to see the museum become a destination for both local residents, as well as travelers.

“There’s so much to see here, it’s hard to take everything in during a single visit,” he said. “My advice is to step back into history and help us celebrate the rich aviation and transportation we have right here in Siouxland.”

A Boeing 707 flight deck from the Irving Jensen family is shown at the Mid America Museum of Aviation and Transportation. The flight deck was used as a prop in the ABC television series “Pan Am.”

Captain Al Haynes’ damaged seat from United Flight 232 which crashed in Sioux City in 1989.

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37

COLLECTIONS how

to preserve

Tom Munson talks about care and storage of items during an interview at the Sioux City Public Museum in Sioux City, Iowa, Tuesday, December 3, 2017.

s HARM DO NO That’s the golden rule with preservation

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Text by Dolly A. Butz Photographs by Jim Lee

SIOUX CITY | While cataloging and storing Sioux City’s historical artifacts, Tom Munson, archives manager, follows the Hippocratic Oath – “First, do no harm,” an oath historically taken by physicians.

Laminating photographs or marking the names of the people pictured on the glossy side in pen should be avoided at all costs, according to Munson. If you’ve done the latter, Munson has a solution, literally – a cleaner called PEC-12 that removes ink. Next time, write the information on the back of the photograph using a pencil or Stabilo pen.

“Don’t do anything that can’t be

Tom Munson talks about care and storage of textiles.

Above: Tom Munson displays negatives being archived during an interview at the Sioux City Public Museum.

Right: Munson talks about care and storage of silver items .

images. I’ve seen it dozens of times,” said Munson, who likes to wear a pair of white cotton gloves while working with photographs and rare documents to prevent any oil or dirt from transferring from his hands. undone. The most important part where that comes into play is with a lot of paper artifacts. People think that lamination is a good thing. Don’t laminate something if you want to keep it for a long time,” he cautioned. “If you’ve ever had a family photograph where somebody wrote the people’s names above their heads or below them, that’s done almost irreparable damage.”

Squirt a few drops of PEC-12 on a photograph marked with pen and then gently wipe it off with a cotton cloth. The solvent, which can be purchased online, according to Munson, will pull the ink right up.

“We’ll number photos with pencil.

We’re not going to number those with pen, because pen can bleed through

PROTECTING DOCUMENTS AND PHOTOS To protect photographs, photographic negatives and important papers from contact, water and other forms of damage, Munson recommends storing them in sleeves made of an archival-safe plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and then placing those in a file folder that is kept in an environment in which you would like to live. A temperature and humidity controlled area, such as a closet, is ideal.

“Between every photo we have sheets of paper. This helps if these did happen to get wet or did happen to encounter moisture somewhere along the line,” he said.

Storing photos in frames can be problematic. Over time, the photos could

become stuck to the glass. If that happens, Munson said your best bet is scanning the framed photos before trying to remove them.

“Even a good conservator will tell you it’s very difficult to remove a photo stuck to the glass in a frame,” he said while handling a yellowed black and white photograph. “The idea of scanning this is that in some way you’re preserving the image even if somehow something happened to this.”

Photos, ideally, should also be keep in dark spaces, since sunlight is an agent of deterioration. Munson advises scanning the original and framing the copy for display.

“You can make a photocopy, put it in a frame and 99 percent of people aren’t going to be able to tell the difference,” he said. “If you want to display the original, keep it in a dark area out of direct sunlight.”

Placing a matte between a photo and the glass, Munson said, will also help protect it from sticking to the glass’ surface.

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“You’re creating that air space for circulation of air. You don’t have your photo in direct contact with the glass,” he said.

SCRAPBOOKS The Sioux City Public Museum has between 800 and 900 scrapbooks in its collection.

Three years ago, the museum started a scrapbook and photo album digitization project using a 12 by 17-inch scanner.

“Most scrapbooks are fairly easy to take apart, so we actually disassembled the scrapbooks,” Munson said.

After scanning the scrapbooks and photo albums, Munson said staff placed them in document boxes and expanding folders. Before, the scrapbooks, which Munson said were fairly stable, were sitting open on shelves.

“This is all acid and lignin free,” he said, pointing to one of the folders. “Acid is what causes paper to yellow and it comes from the lignin, which is the wood pulp fiber that’s left in paper. This also probably has a calcium buffer – this will help absorb acid and stop the migration of acid.”

WOOD FURNITURE Occasional dusting with a clean microfiber cloth is all you need to do to preserve wood furniture or other wood

Tom Munson wears gloves to protect the items while he’s handling them.

family heirlooms, according to Munson.

“If you’re trying to dust a historic family piece of furniture and you start snagging, I would stop what you’re doing and get out a vacuum with a brush attachment,” he said. “It’s a good way to get dust off of things.”

If you start to see the finish coming off a painted surface while dusting,

Munson advises to stop and seek guidance from a professional conservator or try cleaning the item with a vacuum brush attachment.

“There are also soft, natural fiber brushes like hake brushes. That’s not likely to remove (the finish),” he said.

“I would refrain from using things like waxes or other dusting compounds like

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January 2018

SIOUXLAND LIFE

historical value.

“I’m not a huge fan of restoration projects because you’re removing original surfaces. You’re essentially turning that old object into a new one,” he said.

If you’re unsure how to clean a family heirloom or historic treasure, Munson recommends visiting nps.gov. The National Park Service’s website offers Conserve O Grams, short leaflets about caring for museum objects.

Tom Munson shows how he cleans wood items.

Pledge or Endust. Some of them contain silicates, which are abrasive.”

PORCELAIN OR CERAMIC PIECES When cleaning porcelain or ceramic heirlooms, such as a vase that survived the 1904 Pelletier fire, Munson said it’s best to handle the object with bare hands or nitrile gloved hands on

a padded surface to prevent the object from slipping and breaking.

He said he wouldn’t do anything to the vase, other than dusting it with a microfiber cloth. Altering the vase’s bluish and brownish iridescent tint in order to restore it to its original pink and white hues, Munson said, would decrease the object’s monetary value, as well as its

LEATHER One of his first projects as a volunteer, Munson said was cleaning oxidation spots off a leather belt that had silver grommets.

“I worked for like three hours on a single belt like that,” he recalled.

Oxidation stains on leather, Munson said, can easily be removed by wiping the stain with a cotton cloth.

To dress, apply soap or oil to leather, or not to dress?

Munson said studies show that relubricating leather with saddle soap isn’t beneficial in the long run, although he said museum staff do often dress leather pieces before the items go on exhibit.

“Even though it does almost no good and can be slightly bad, it does help to clean up surfaces,” he said. “It can also cause staining and actually attract more dust and dirt.”

712-253-2014

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January 2018

41

ADVICE Medical

Answers

DOC, I’VE GOT A QUESTION: SLEEP, SKIN, HUMIDITY answers to your medical questions Ever since we fell back, I’ve had difficulty sleeping. Can something like a time change be that significant? How do I deal with the effects?

First of all, yes! Something like a time change CAN be that significant! Most people generally notice a bigger affect to their sleep in the spring when we “spring forward,” causing us to lose an hour of sleep; however, plenty of people also experience this in the fall, even though “falling back” generally gives us an extra hour of sleep. The reasons can be various, but most sleep experts agree that the amount of daytime light is a major contribution. Humans operate on something called a “circadian rhythm”, a cycle in the brain that tells us to be awake when the sun is shining and to sleep when it’s dark (this is also why people have a hard time on the night-shift). Daylight savings was invented to try to get us some extra light during the day, but

the fact remains that the daylight hours are still shorter than in the spring and summer, so we’re naturally fighting our instinct to go to bed earlier. Additionally, this time is also colder, which makes people want to snuggle in and, consequently, fall asleep. To help combat your daylight-savings sleepiness try some of the following: • Reset your sleep hygiene clock: go to bed and get up at the same times each day. This helps train your “inner clock” about when you really should be sleeping • Use bright lights, or better yet, SUNSHINE earlier in the morning to help wake you up. More important, avoid bright lights (including TV, iPad, computer and phone screens) within two hours of bedtime. This will help your brain start to “turn off.”

• Exercise! Aside from the million reasons we healthcare providers go blue in the face encouraging you to exercise, it also helps regulate your sleep. Exercising in the morning helps energize and jumpstart your day, but it also gives you that worn-out feeling at the end of the day when it’s time for bed.

• Use your bedroom only for sleep.

You can trick your brain into feeling tired when you go into your room if it only ever associates that space with sleep.

So turn off that highlight reel and catch some zzz’s!

My son, who’s in middle school, complains frequently about headaches. Is this something we should be concerned with? How should we treat them?

In general, headaches are a frequent complaint in the doctor’s office, and most of the time there’s nothing dangerous about them. The reason your provider might freak out when you get a headache is because there are a (very)

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MEET THE DOC Alana Ryan is a native of Kansas City, where she was raised with her three sisters. She attended college at the University of Kansas (rock chalk!) and osteopathic medical school at Lincoln Memorial University in northeast Tennessee. She is an avid college basketball and Chiefs football fan, enjoys cooking and baking, and spends most of her free time chasing after her two dogs, Boris and Myrtle.

She and her husband, Travis, moved to Sioux City from central Michigan to be closer to his family in Remsen, Iowa, where Travis teaches art and coaches basketball. Alana is currently a first-year family medicine resident at the Siouxland Medical Education Foundation, where she has a specific interest in prenatal and geriatric care. few times when they can be a BIG deallike a tumor, brain bleed or fracture- and we have to rule those big deals out. Some adolescents suffer from headaches frequently, and the causes can range from dehydration to hormone shifts (proving that puberty really can be a pain in the neck) to tension from doing lots of reading or studying. Additionally, the teenage years are often the time in life when nasty migraines start, which have a whole range of scary symptoms from blurry vision, nausea and vomiting, and splitting pain to slurred speech and sensitivity to light. To be safe it’s best to see your healthcare provider at least once if you or your child is experiencing frequent or repetitive headaches so we can rule out the big, bad and ugly and help get you feeling better. Some simple tricks to fighting your average, run-of-the-mill headache: • Drink plenty of water. Sounds simple, but you’ll be amazed how much better you feel.

• Try some Tylenol (acetaminophen) or

Ibuprofen (Aleve is similar) if your doctor is OK with it (and while you’re at it, finish the glass of water you used to take the pills).

• Use gentle stretching of your neck from side to side and to the front. You can also gently rub your temples to relieve some tension in your scalp muscles.

• Treat yourself! Massage therapy can be greatly beneficial for chronic headaches. Osteopathic manipulation, acupuncture and chiropractic therapy are also worth talking to your doctor about.

• If the above remedies aren’t helpful it’s probably time to call your doc (if you haven’t done so already). Keep in mind sinus congestion, allergies and all kinds of viral infections can wreak havoc on headaches.

My skin is so dry I can never seem to use enough lotion. Is there something better? Why is it like that?

Tis the season . . . for dry skin, Bah, humbug! During the winter months the air is much drier than during warmer months, and, unfortunately, your skin takes a beating. Usually dry skin is more annoying than serious, but in severe cases can cause super chapped and even cracked skin (called a fissure). Any time there’s a hole in your skin the potential for a problem arises, as microscopic germs can creep in and turn into an infection. But fear not, my friends, I can help.

• Make sure you’re using a good lotion. In this case expensive does NOT mean better, but thick and greasy does!

A thicker product (think more of a cream than a lotion) penetrates the top layer of skin better and protects it from the elements.

• Also, avoid those good-smelling lotions. You may want to smell like an apple-cherry blossom-gingerbread-cotton-whatever but trust me. Your skin will thank you for a scent-free variety. The reason for this is that most scents are supplied by alcohol-based solutions, and these can really dry out the skin (remember how thirsty you were after your last hangover? So does your skin).

• The same applies for your soap. Try to stick to the creamy, non-scented bars for the best effect.

• And speaking of showers, hot and steamy is out. Warm is in this season!

As relaxing as a super-hot shower can be it also dries out your skin, so stick to a quick 5-10 minute shower no more than once daily at a boring temperature to avoid dehydrating your skin. Then pat or blot dry. Wiping and rubbing also can cause skin damage.

• Use a humidifier in your home.

No, silly, you don’t need to go buy a

million-dollar variety for the whole place, there are machines for individual rooms that work perfectly well. Just add water, plug in and voila! (and for our friendly safety enthusiasts: remember to turn these off or unplug when you leave the house and set them on a hard surface, to avoid risk of fires).

If all of these other options have failed a virtually fail-proof option exists in good old petroleum jelly. Yup, that cheap Vaseline can work wonders for dry skin. Slather on a good dollop and rub it in for best results. Keep in mind it doesn’t really absorb into the skin. It works by blocking the skin’s access to the air, thereby keeping moisture in. A few pointers: don’t use this on your face around prom or family pictures. It has been known to cause a pimple or two.

Also, make sure you don’t wear said prom-dress while using this product, as it can rub off on your clothes. Petroleum jelly is non-scented and works brilliantly for chapped skin and that space under your nose that kiddos love to lick when their lips are dry.

I’ve gotten up several mornings this week with a bloody nose. Is that because my house is dry or could it be something else? I don’t have a humidifier on my furnace. Would a small humidifier be enough?

Speaking of glad tidings, I give you . . . the bloody nose! This time of year people are cursed with bloody noses, especially the elderly and young kiddos.

Most of the time they’re simply a frustrating mess, but if you can’t get it to stop within 30 minutes call your healthcare provider (note: if it’s causing symptoms

of dizziness or lightheadedness to the point you’re worried you may pass out, skip the 30 minutes and call your doc).

This, too, is a side effect of cold, dry air that hits the “skin” lining of your nasal passages every time you breathe. It’s typically worse in the morning (or whenever you first wake up) because most of us breathe deeper through our nose while we sleep. This is especially true for people who use a CPAP machine for sleep apnea, as that dry air is literally forced into your lungs. Luckily, I have some tricks for this ailment as well.

• Use a humidifier in your home (see above). This will help prevent the nosebleed from the beginning.

• Use some lotion or petroleum jelly (again, see above, I’m sensing a theme today . . .) on the inside of your nose to moisturize the tissues. Keep in mind that if you use a scented lotion you may end up tasting it for a few minutes.

• If you do get a nose bleed use a towel/washcloth/tissue and pinch the sides of your nose together. Tilt your head slightly forward (note: do NOT tip your head backwards, this will drip blood down your throat and you can either swallow it or choke, and ain’t nobody got time for that). Hold this pressure and position for 10-15 minutes.

If you’re getting nose bleeds regularly or if you have one that you can’t get under control, it’s time to call your provider.

WHAT KINDS OF HEALTH QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE? Submit your questions and they may be used in this monthly feature. Write to Siouxland Life at 515 Pavonia St., Sioux City, Iowa 51102.

SIOUXLAND LIFE

January 2018

43

Here Comes

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

January 2018

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SIOUXLAND LIFE

PARTING SHOT By

Bruce Miller

THINGS I’VE LEARNED WITH AGE

a

AS I GET READY to blow out another set of candles on the ol’ birthday cake, I figured it was time to share the things I’ve learned with age: 1. Your parents were really smart.

Need proof? Count how many times you find yourself quoting them.

2. Sometimes you should burn bridges.

3. Don’t overdo your child’s first birthday. Wrapping paper gives them more pleasure than an overly decorated cake they smoosh.

4. The best friends don’t care if you have a dirty house. They’ve got one, too.

5. Nothing is ever free.

6. The best teachers don’t make you memorize unnecessary lists. They give you the tools to deal with people who insist on them.

7. Events are great to go to, but nothing beats a quiet night at home.

8. Hard work is better than luck any day.

9. Exercise is the best deterrent to snacking. Once you realize how much work it takes to remove the effects of that extra cookie, you won’t take it.

10. Spend enough time outside during the winter and you’ll believe cryogenics actually exists.

11. Just when you splurge on something you don’t need, a household appliance breaks.

12. Cellphones shouldn’t become as vital as a lung or a kidney.

13. Midwesterners are obsessed with weather. Unnecessarily.

14. You spend the first half your life acquiring stuff and the second half getting rid of it.

15. No one wants your junk.

16. The best memories involve laughter.

17. Someone needs to figure out how children and senior citizens can spend more time together. Both could benefit from the association.

18. It doesn’t cost anything to smile. Or be nice.

19. You might be right, but you don’t always need to win.

20. Live long enough and you’ll see clothes you wore as a teenager make a comeback.

21. It’s better to talk to people face-toface than it is to text.

22. Politics isn’t a higher calling. It’s now a career option that doesn’t necessarily attract the best and brightest.

23. You need be present to win. At anything.

24. It pays to ask questions.

25. You will never use all the key chains you get in life.

26. Mom was right: “When in doubt, throw it.”

27. If you try to figure how much money you’ll need in retirement, you’ll never enjoy the days you have.

28. The best gifts are unexpected and don’t come on designated days.

29. You’ve heard of “tit for tat”? There is no tat.

30. Anyone who calls at dinnertime is probably a telemarketer who can be ignored.

31. The value of sleeping in cannot be measured.

32. Don’t consider every piece of old clothing a “rag.” Some shirts are not meant for cleaning.

33. You can never have too many Tshirts.

34. But you can have too many mugs.

35. There is nothing better than a convertible in the summer. Get one before you’re too old to enjoy it.

36. Give up your license when it’s time. No child wants to make the decision for you.

37. When you’re an adult, no one cares what grades you got in high school.

38. Celebrities are never as special as they may seem.

39. It’s perfectly OK to sing along when you’re listening to music. Just don’t do it at a concert.

40. Hollywood recycles a handful of plots. Any film in a “series” is a sure culprit.

41. It pays to have regular checkups.

Any fear you may have doesn’t come close to the comfort you feel after you’ve been to see the doctor.

42. When things start to look familiar, it’s time to leave.

43. Children make Christmas better.

They get toys and, often, they’ll even let you play with them.

44. Sometimes it’s good to cry. Just don’t let the tears weigh you down.

45. You’re not getting older, you’re gaining value.

46. It’s unlikely you’ll watch all the DVDs you have in your collection. Be careful when you make the investment.

47. Board games and puzzles need to make a comeback.

48. The power of a thank you note cannot be overestimated.

49. Sometimes time is the best gift of all.

50. Age is just a number. Go ahead, act like you feel. If people talk, that’s their problem. They haven’t discovered the joy of being older.

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Frosty Bucks Cold January days and nights will be heating up when we give away more than $10,000 in our Frosty Bucks Giveaway on Saturday, January 27 from 6:00 to 10:00pm. Every 15 minutes, another guest will win a chance to draw up to three playing cards for an instant cash prize of up to $3,300. Claim one free entry daily for the drawings on any kiosk.

And, earn additional entries playing slots and live blackjack.

Start collecting free daily and earned entries on the kiosks on January 12 at 11:00pm.

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