Edition 3 by SIUE

ktter

from the President/2

Introduction/3 New Technology in the Physical Sciences Fuels Research,/4 Environmental Concems with Clean WaEr/4 laser Behavior/4 Railroad and Highway Intersections/S Computer Networking/S Profit Enhancing Models,/S Engineering Design and Theory,z6

School-Univenity Partnenhip in Mathematics Education./6 Engineering's Supportive Servica,/7

Research in the

Arb and Humanities

Bnoadens the understanding of Humanity/g

A hescription for Adult Liuracy/g Developing a Standard Swabian Orthography/g Documenting and Explaining the fuab Stereotype/9 Death, Dying, and Bereavement: How people Cope/9 Katherine Dunham Center for the performing Arts/I0 High-Risk Preschool Children and Remedial programs/I0 Music Comnunicating from past Eras,/l I Undentanding a Seventâ&#x201A;Źenth{entury painter,/l I

Editing Humanities' Scholarly Joumals,/I2

Life Sciences Research Exarnines Basic euestions,/I3 Genetic Research,/I3

Mioobiology/13 Bones and Blood Supply,zl4

Coal Mining and the Environment/I4 Ecolog5r and Annual Killifrshes,/I4 Eating Behavior in Diabetes patienb,/I5

Solid State Chemical Fingerprints,/Is Science Education/16 Societal Development Responds to Economic Conditions/l7

Family Organization,z I 7 Liberal Political Thought,/l7 Changing Views of Mental Retardation/I7 Sexual Harassment/I8 labor-Management Relations/ I 8 Univenity-Industry Partnenhip,/ I 8 International Trade Policy/I9 End-User Computing,/ I 9 Encouraging Economic Development Sharing SIUE Research and Expertise,/2O

Dirwtty/21

etter from the President

Through this publication, Southern lllinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE) undertakes the pleasant obligation of sharing its accomplishments with those who make them possible. By acquainting you with the wide range of the University's capabilities, we seek to extend these capabilities more broadly in order to serve fully all the citizens of our region. SIUE owes much to southwestern Illinois and metropolitan St. Louis; the University in turn devotes the talents of its faculty and staff to fostering the prosperity, health, and vitality of its region. This publication suggests the scope of research and creative activity being accomplished at SIUE by these dedicated people. Those of you who are not familiar with the University may be surprised at our strengths; those of you who are already aware of our resources can learn of our

owners can receive technical and managerial assistance through training courses, consultation, market information, procurement, and other such aids. In cooperation with the Illinois Department of Transportation, the SIUE School of Engineering provides engineering and technical support to minority and female contractors. University Park, now under development, promises additional significant contributions to area development through activities that will feature close cooperation between the University's academic, research, and service programs and a variety of community, governmental, business, and

recent achievements.

activities that occur every day at the University. You will see how Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, dedicated to sharing its resources, would like to make them more fully available to you.

SIUE shares its accomplishments in a number of ways. First, our individual scholars, through grants and contracts with external funding sources and through teaching, share expertise augmented by the results of research and creative activities. Second, SIUE offers its region several specialized service agencies. The Center for

Advanced Manufacturing and Production (CAMP) provides technical assistance to regional firms and aids them in developing and implementing projects in design and modernization of production processes. Regional Research and Development

Services (RRDS) provides essential data to area businesses, planning agencies, and governmental bodies in order to encourage

economic growth. The Southwestern Illinois Small Business Development Center is one of several regional centers in the state where small business

industrial entities. We look forward to continuing to share our resources in ways that will benefit our region. The first step is for you to glimpse through this publication a part of the research and creative

Earl Lazerson President

Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville

ntroduction

"It is an absolute perfection, and as it were divine, to know how, in all sincenty, to get the very most out of one's own individuality. " Michel de Montaigne

The dedicated faculty and staff at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE) continually strive to expand the breadth and depth of their individual talents through their research and creative work. As some of their goals come within reach, other goals are identified and sought with competence, imagination, ingenuity, and persistence. Their efforts help others to get the most from their

individual lives by solving problems and developing new knowledge that increase understanding and broaden perspectives and appreciation ofour universe. Research and creative activities also contribute to SIUE's ability to fulfill its key role in the region

by providing the foundation for achieving excellence in public service and teaching at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Students often are actively engaged in research projects, working side by side with their professors, thus enhancing the intensity and quality of their learning experiences. Because SIUE believes so strongly in its talented and active scholars, the University provides support for as much of their work as is financially possible. But SIUE must rely upon support from government and the private sector to help maintain an environment conducive to the pursuit of the threefold aspects of our mission-teaching, research, and service. Universities, industry, and federal, state, and regional governments combine their resources in order to accelerate advances in all fields, especially science and technology, in order to

provide the means whereby individuals are empowered to make the most of their lives. By working together, these three sectors have made it possible to bring products-from computer programs to musical compositions-from the idea stage to eventual use to enhance the quality of life. The Graduate School is the overall agency responsible for developing and administering policies concerning research and creative activities, with the Office of Research and Projects coordinating and assisting in their implementation and in the preparation and processing of faculty grant and contract proposals. To optimize the matching of University researchers with agency and industry needs, this office can provide access to the Illinois Resource Network, with its capacity to identify specific faculty research interests and expertise at SIUE and seven other Illinois universities and four federal research laboratories. This third edition of "Research and Creative Activities" provides a sampling of the varied activities that are ongoing at the University. As you will see, SIUE's scholars are working on projects that range from alleviating illiteracy to creating an orthography, from studying liberal political thought to examining the forces that influence international economic trade, and from seeking a better understanding of bone structure and growth to discovering new ways to deal with toxic wastes. We invite you to learn about some of the interesting work that goes on at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. If you are interested in a specific topic, chances are that one of SIUE's faculty or staff members is, too. Rosemarie Archangel Dean of the Graduate School Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville

ew Technology in the Physical Sciences Fuels Research

The rapid advance in technological innovation provides fertile ground for researchers in the physical sciences. SIUE researchers have responded to this opportunity with work ranging from practical problem solving to abstract, theoretical studies. Environmental standards, computerization, and instructional improvement are just some of the areas benefiting from research in the physical

effluents adequately, many smaller plants have difficulty doing so. Such control requires a separate process following conventional treatment, or an integrated process which is difficult to control and maintain at high efficiency. Professor Bengtson's goal is to develop a process variation to improve control of the integrated process as well as provide increased operational flexibility for small plants. With his plan, smaller plants could meet the demands of the public and satisfy the increasingly stringent standards imposed by regulatory agencies in a costeffective fashion.

George Henderson

sciences.

Environmental Concerns with Clean

Water Toxic wastes are of widespread concern, and much of this concern is focused on the need for a clean water supply. The finger of guilt points to a broad spectrum of agents as part of the problem, including the effluents discharged by some wastewater treatment plants. Funded by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency for numerous water and wastewater training projects, Harlan Bengtson, professor of Civil

Engineering and director of the Environmental Resources Training Center, applies his engineering and environmental research to

this practical problem. When the effluents discharged by treatment plants contain nitrogen in the ammonia form, it is, among other things, toxic to aquatic life. While large

Harlan Bengtson

wastewater treatment plants usually control ammonia nitrogen concentrates in their

Laser Behavior George Henderson, professor of Physics, is involved in research into laser behavior. For many applications, the dynamic behavior of laser diodes is of crucial concern. In communications, for example, it is critically important that diode output response to input current modulation be appropriate. The output must mimic the input exactly, or communication is distorted and high fidelity is not maintained. Professor Henderson, who has received a grant from a large private corporation, is involved in devising computer programs capable of simulating the dynamic, spectral and coupling behavior of laser diodes and laser diode array designs.

LANs will be increasingly efficient and better able to handle the complexities of today's world

Railroad and Highway Intersections

of information.

Chiang Lin is interested in providing a

solution to a problem faced by many almost every day. Rough, bumpy crossings, where highways and railroads intersect, have been a continuing concern for the public and for highway and railroad authorities alike. Professor Lin, assistant professor of Civil Engineering, is researching a computer-based design method for applying asphalt underlayment techniques to rehabilitate the deteriorating railroad trackbed system. Professor Lin, with funding from an internal SIUE grant, hopes to develop a model which can compute critical stresses and strains at different depths under either highway or train loads. Once these design criteria and procedures are determined,

a more durable crossing structure with high operating efficiency and low maintenance costs can be constructed.

Computer

Networking Networking, or sharing the functions and information of a group of computers and their peripherals, is the latest tactic in dealing with today's information explosion' Local area networks, termed LANs for convenience, face many problems including the difficulty inherent in designing efficient scheduling methods to best use the resources distributed over the network. Chong-wei Xu, assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science, is involved in searching for solutions to such problems. His research in dynamic processor pairing explores the design considerations of load balancing algorithms.

Such algorithms deal with the negotiation and synchronization between related processors necessary to control joint activities. When Professor

:'e

Cbong-uei Xu

Xu completes his work,

Profit Enhancing Models Maximizing the net profit of an operation

the goal of virtually every business operation. Funded by an internal SIUE grant, Rasaratnam Logendran, assistant professor of Industrial

Engineering, is working on a method to assist in making the kinds of decisions that help reach that goal.

Various kinds of businesses must coordinate the location and number of items for further distribution to demand sites. Important facets of such coordination decisions are how to determine the optimal number of items to allocate to specific sites and how to determine the most efficient location of such sites. Some of the factors involved are not quantifiable in dollar terms. Such intangibles cause this decision making process to be complex and time consuming. Professor Logendran's goal is to develop and validate a suitable model for location-allocation problems, as an aid in decision making to reach the objective of maximizing profits.

Rasaratnam Logendran

Engineering Design and Theory When engineers design a system to perform a task, they know that it may be impossible to build a "perfect" system because of constrain6 such as money or time. Engineers, consequently, would like a measure ofjust how close the system they can build is to the "perfect" version. The fact that in certain cases such a measurement can be made is a well-known theorem that was proved in 1961

Mark FeWman

by the Russian mathematicians Adamyan, Arov and Krein.

School-University Partnerships in Mathematics Education

Mark Feldman, an assistant professor in Mathematics and Statistics, is involved in research to extend this theorem to a setting which would include a broader class ofphysical and engineering systems. This broader class encompasses, for example, electronic equipment ranging in complexity from an aircraft automatic pilot to a simple garage door opener. Through Professor Feldman's research, engineers would have a tool to help determine design optimization.

A subject of continuing concern, both in the public media and in professional literature, is a well-documented crisis in mathematics education. Under the direction of R. N. Pendergrass, professor and chairman of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, a team of SIUE mathematicians is utilizing a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to work with area high school teachers to improve instruction in mathematics. Other faculty members on the project team are professors Chung-wu Ho, Paul Phillips, and Nadine Verderber. Envisioning the vital role of computers, training is provided in computer programming, word processing and the use of spread sheets and other software for teaching understanding of math computation and problem solving.

ft*{

*r4f

ffi (Left to rigbt) Cbung-uu Ho, Paul PbilliPs, Nadine Vqdetber and R. N. Pendetgrass

7., :,l/

Teachers are encouraged to use microcomputers as an integral part of their instructional programs in mathematics.

School/university "partnerships"

are being encouraged by NSF in order to achieve significant improvement in science and mathematics instructi r. This NSF project

cooperative activities

has provided a way

participating

teachers and faculty

SIUE to initiate

joint activities.

Engineering's Supporting Services Funded by the Illinois Department of Transportation, Steven Hanna, professor of Civil Engineering, is involved in the fourth contract year of a project to provide management and technical assistance to disadvantaged and women's business enterprises.

The project provides supportive services aimed toward the achievement of proficiency in the technical skills involved in highway construction, business management skills, and recordkeeping and accounting capabilities. Follow-up services are provided to evaluate the training and to provide services contributing to long-term development, increased opportunities, and eventual self-sufficiency

of these enterprises. In keeping with Professor Hanna's philosophy that the role ofeducation is a critical part ofthe supportive services, three types of educational formats are used. Short courses are taught over a period of four to six weeks, special workshops and

seminars are provided in a one-day format, usually on Saturday, and one-on-one sessions are held with individual firms on special topics. Subject areas are practical, covering topics such as accounting, plans and specifications, and bidding and estimating. The teaching faculty is drawn from the disciplines of business, engineering, construction, and occasionally from outside experts such as bonding agents. Ultimately, the success of the project will be measured by the degree to which the enterprises function effectively as independent small businesses.

Research in the physical sciences contributes to our ability to cope, even survive, in the fast pace of today's world. Moving from abstract theory to practical application, adding to the body of knowledge along the way, makes such research an integral part of the world. Jean Willimann, administrative assistant, SIUE Graduate

-By Office of Research and Projects, School.

esearch in the Arts and

Humanities Broadens the Understanding of Humanity "A human being is not, in any proper sense, a human being till he Mann is educated."

funded by a grant from the State of Illinois -Office ofthe Secretary ofState, is to provide direct service to literacy volunteer projects and adult basic education centers by conducting in-depth diagnostic testing for clien8 served, to prepare a series of videotapes to support volunteer tutor trainers and adult basic education instructors, and to share research findings regarding adult disabled readers with other projects and centers serving these learners. Prior to January 1986, this type ofservice was not available in Illinois. Now, the program assists 80 to 100 clients each year and works with nine southwestern Illinois agencies in providing this assistance.

-Horace

SIUE

scholars in the Schools of Education,

Fine Arts and Communications, and Humanities and in related disciplines examine people and their lives-past, present, and future-in the hope of better educating human beings about their world. Research projects from making nineteenth-century flute music accessible to today's listening public to alleviating adult reading problems all contribute to the vital education of people about their world as only these "human"ities disciplines can do.

Donald Keefe and Valoie MeYu

A Prescription for Adult Literacy Illiteracy is a major problem in America. Two researchers at SIUE are working on alleviating it in southwestern lllinois. Valerie Meyer, associate professor, and Donald Keefe, professor, both in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, have generated national interest wirh their project "The Literacy Prescription." The purp.ose of the program, which is

Developing a Standard Swabian Orthography Closely related to Swiss German and a descendant of Middle High German, Swabian is a German language spoken in the southwestern region of Germany. Swabian differs greatly from the standard New High German used in official business and literature in Germany. The problem, as tackled by Toby D. Griffen, professor of German in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, is that Swabian is spoken in a great many dialects and lacks a standard writing system, or orthography, that would allow effective written communication within the area and a unified literature. Professor Griffen has solved the Swabians' problems by developing a standard Swabian orthography, using a network of dialect compromises through general and predictable rules. With this system, a writer in one dialect will write a word in accordance with rules that justify a certain spelling for a certain pronunciation of that dialect; a reader in another Swabian dialect will interpret this standard spelling through another set of rules that

justify that same spelling with the pronunciation of

the second dialect. The orthography has recently been completed with support foi ttris ,eseurch fLrn the prestigious SIUE Research Scholar

Award.

Documenting and Explaining the Arab

Death, Dying, and Bereavement: How People Cope

Stereotype When an ethnic or minority group is unfairly denigrated, we all suffer.

According to the research of Jack G. Shaheen, professor in the Department of Mass Communications, popular culture tends to perpetuate four myths about Arabs: They are all fabulously wealthy. They are barbaric and uncultured. They are sex maniacs with a penchant for abducting western women. And they revel in acts ofterrorism. Professor Shaheen says that these notions are as false as previously-held myths about groups such as blacks, Hispanics, Jews, and Italians.

Similar to his study of the Arab as portrayed on television, Professor Shaheen is examining the images of Arabs in American feature films, intending to document the evolving screen image of Arabs from 1893 to the present. Discussing posltive and negative portrayals, his work should reveal much about racial and ethnic images in the cinema. Professor Shaheen's research, partially funded by

Mobil Oil Corporation and the Arabian American

Oil Company, will help people understand how and why they perceive other peoples the way they do.

lach Sltabeen

Clnrles C;or Charles A. Con, professor in the Department _ __ of Philosophical Studies, helps people gain a better understanding of death, dying, and bereavement to

foster more effective coping with these basic facts of human life. He is studying the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), considered as a uniquely difficult and yet characteristically human mode bf death. Professor Corr's research on SIDS emphasizes factors_that distinguish this particular experience of death from other encounters with deathihroughout the life span. Supported by an SIUE research irant, this research should assist those persons who a-re drawn into the 7,000 SIDS deaths that occur each year in the United States. Professor Corr is also currently exploring the significance of death-related experiencei Ourin'g adolescence. This research is one ofthe few instances in which patterns ofdeath-related experiences have been examined during the adolescent years. One objective ofthisiesearch is to identify the underlying themes that are common to adolqscents and other human beings in their interactions with death.

High-risk Preschool Children and Remedial Programs The identification of "high risk" preschool children and the provision of appropriate remedial programs have become educational priorities at all levels ofgovernment. In response to these needs, numerous instruments have recently been developed that may prove valuable in the evaluation of preschool children. Using SIUE research grants, Emily J. Krohn, associate professor of Psychology, is investigating the validity of two of these

Katbqine Dunbam Dancets

Katherine Dunham Center for the Performing Arts

instruments for use with black and white low income preschool children. The major outcome of Professor Krohn's research will be the evaluation of potentially useful assessment techniques for the preschool population, which could lead to more adequate means of

Partially supported by grants from the lllinois Arts Council, the Katherine Dunham Center for the Performing Arts provides the East St. Louis community with music and dance programs. Named after renowned dancer Katherine Dunham, the Center stimulates interest and appreciation in a variety of musical forms through concerts by professional performers. In addition, the Center provides community arts classes; dance classes; and mini-performances and workshops in schools, parks, malls, senior citizens centers, day care centers, and Head Start centers. Professional guest artists provide workshops, seminars, and panel discussions on Dunham Techniques for the Center's professional staff and local dancers. The Katherine Dunham Center for the Performing Arts is providing the people of East St. Louis and the surrounding arca with a rich cultural resource that offers a special educational

opportunity.

Music Communicating from Past Eras tanet kott (rigbt) tuitb student

housed a collection of flute and piccolo music that was inaccessible to performers and, thus, audiences. Now, using the research support of the prestigious SIUE Research

Until recently, SIUE

Scholar Award, part of this irreplaceable collection has been catalogued and the music made

performable due to the efforts of Janet Scott, associate professor and flutist in the Department of Music, who worked with the music that includes band or orchestra accompaniment. The approximately 5,000 piece collection was assembled by two generations of flutists/piccoloists, John F. Kiburtz Sr. and John F. Kiburz Jr., both members of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. According to Professor Scott, this collection may be the most complete one of music for flute and piccolo from mid-nineteenth century to the 1930s, most of it no longer available for purchase. Since the flute and piccolo are enjoying great popularity (the National Flute Association has more than 4,500 members), Professor Scott felt that this music would be important to the flute repertoire. In addition to her s.,ffi work with the collection, she has Wtr ..=...=performed many of the r#= compositions, including two that were warmly received at the 1987 convention of the National Flute Association.

Understanding a Seventeenth-Century Painter One SIUE scholar has traveled to the seventeenth century to help Flemish artist Clara Peeters' paintings be discovered by today's art lovers. With partial funding by SIUE, Pamela Hibbs Decoteau, professor of Art and Design, is locating and examining from 27 to 40 signed and reasonably attributed still life paintings by Clara Peeters in order to fit them into the chronology established by her I I signed and dated paintings, which date from 1608 to 1645. This chronology is extremely important in evaluating Peeters' role in and contributions to the origins and development of still life painting in Northern Europe. Professor Decoteau may be able to show that instead of Peeters $fiF imitating the Dutch monochrome JI] still-life style, made famous by FN Pieter Claesz and Willem Claesz Heda, she was a forerunner of the style; thus, Peeters could gain the acknowledgement she deserves in the development of still life paintings that we still enjoy today.

W ffi

tiF

#ry ffi

ffi*

ffi

#E ilr

Patnela Decoteau

Editing Humanitieso Scholarly Journals Scholarly journals allow persons within the same field to exchange information with one another. The editors of thesejournals have to be special people to handle

(Left to rigbt) Aluin Sulliuan, Batbata Quinn kbmidt and Matgaret Simons

the myriad editing activities plus their own research. In the SIUE School of Humanities, three scholarly journals are edited by skilled communicators who are also active researchers. Papers on Language and Literature (PLL) has been edited for 16 years by Alvin Sullivan, professor of English Language and Literature. A quarterlyjournal for literary critics, PLL has an international circulation and is indexed by all major bibliographies. Recent special issues include one on William Styron, which contains a new short story by Styron. Partiblly supported by internal funding from SIUE, Professor Sullivan also recently completed a four-volume reference work entitled British Literary Magazines, covering The Age of Johnson, The Romantic Age, The Victorian and Edwardian Age, and The Modern Age. These volumes give scholars access to information about literary magazines that are difficult to find in most libraries. He is currently working on a findings list and description of contemporary literary magazines, and beginning a study of the influence of nonAnglican religious doctrine on Victorian and modern British writers. Barbara Quinn Schmidt, associate professor of English Language and Literature, is the editor of

serial novels from the perspective of reader-research criticism. The emphasis is on how the reader reads and how the author wishes the reader to read. Her research also will help the twentieth century reader better understand the nineteenth century and its writers. Professor Schmidt's past research has been supported by SIUE research grants. Margaret Simons, associate professor of

Philosophical Studies, is the editor of Hypatia, a scholarly journal of feminist philosophy. Forthcoming special issues will focus on feminist issues in science, medical ethics, French philosophy, and aesthetics. Professor Simons is currently analyzing the mistranslations and deletions she has found in the Parshley translation of The Second Sex, the classic French essay on women's roles and a cornerstone of contemporary feminist theory, written by Simone de Beauvoir. Professor Simons will identify the impact these mistranslations and deletions of the original text have on the interpretation of Beauvoir's ideas, especially Beauvoir's analysis of changing gender roles that provides the theoretical foundation for our understanding of the rapidly changing status of women.

Victorian Periodicals Review (VPR). Chosen editor because ofher own research in the area,

Through the work of SIUE scholan in the arts, humanities, and education, people and life are explored to help educate human beings about themselves so they can live their lives to the fullest.

Professor Schmidt has begun a series of special issues, such as "Macmillan's Magazine," "Dickens as Editor," "American Victorian Periodicals," and

"Periodicals and Literary Theory," which help

Lillian O'Neal Manning, development officer,

guarantee variety, emphasize neglected areas of research, bring together ideas not explored in this context, and break new ground. In her own research, Professor Schmidt is cunently studying Victorian periodicals and their readers, examining

-By Office of Research and Projects, SIUE Graduate School.

ife Sciences Research Examines Basic Questions

one particular gene codes the enzyme that is responsible for resistance to a wide variety of insecticides. Professor McCommas' research, which is supported by a grant from a large private corporation, has important implications for

agricultural entomology and for understanding genetic mechanisms.

Dennis Kitz "Research may be the single most reliable gurarantee available that we will have the intellectual and technical wherewithal to deal wilh the practical problems facing us." Don Fuqua, retired U.S.

Congressman

Research in the sciences during the past four decades has produced an explosion of knowledge and products. Today we live in an age of high technology, a kind of Second Industrial Revolution. Behind the spectacular gains in knowledge about genetics, diseases, technology, and ecology lie painstaking research. Carefully detailed research performed in university laboratories provide the critical building blocks of knowledge needed for the advancement of science. At SIUE, researchers explore a variety of critical questions that help provide these building blocks.

Genetic Research One of the largest problems facing agriculture today is the rapid evolution of insects that are resistant to pesticides. Within a few short years, insects become resistant to pesticides, forcing us to use stronger and stronger toxins. Virtually nothing is known about the genetic changes at the molecular level that are responsible for the insects' ability to resist pesticides. To better understand the genetic mechanism of resistance,'Steven McCommas, assistant professor in the

Department of Biological Sciences, is researching how

Microbiology

9:l

Certain yeasts normally grow in all humans, but in certain circumstances they gain access to the bloodstream and lodge in the heart. For some people, these yeasts are killed by the immune system, but for other individuals, the yeast

continues to grow, which can eventually lead to heart disease. Supported by grants from the American Lung Association, the American Heart Association, and the National Institutes of Health, Dennis Kitz, associate professor of Biological Sciences, is researching why some peoples' immune systems kill these fungal pathogens while others do not. By understanding how and why certain human cells

will contribute to understanding how to boost immune responses in order to resist infections caused by it.

resist the yeast, Professor Kitz

r_sitts-

'rla

+td rlb

Steuen McCommas

DauidJenkins

Supply David Jenkins, associate

Sciences at the SIU School of Dental Medicine, is involved in research on human bone tissue and its blood supply. Boz.cs are complex tissues with a rich supply of bloo..r vessels. The presence of the blood vessels is essential for bone repair and growth. Dr. Jenkins, supported by SIUE research grants, is utilizing the scanning electron microscope

to document the three dimensional anangement of the vessels in normal bone. These patterns will be compared with those in bone that is undergoing various growth promoters. This research will provide information that will help practitioners in dental and medical fields to develop ways of improving bone replacement and healing rates in bone repair and ofcombating bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.

Coal Mining and the Environment Advances in science have increased our understanding of our environment and brought an awareness of the importance of ecology. Funded by a grant from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, Richard Brugam, associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, is researching the neutralization of acid in lakes formed by coal mining. Lakes formed as a result of coal mining contain high amounts of acid due to rarn water leaching through sulfur rich waste coal and shale. An outcome of Professor Brugam's research is to test the use of organic matter as a natural means to neutralize lake acid. This theory, if proven, could lead to speedy and cost effective means for lake reclamation.

Richard Brugam

Plnto from DaaM Jenhfux' elect on niooscope of blaod uessels in a bone magniJied 220 thnes

Ecology and Annual Killifishes Annual Killifishes are fish that live in temporary pools of water. Resistant to drought, they lay their eggs in the mud. The eggs survive the evaporation of the pools and, when the rains fill up the pool again, hatch and rapidly reach maturity. These fish are evolutionary wonders that are of value for controlling mosquitos and for serving as food for local peoples. Jamie Thomerson, professor of Biological Sciences, is researching the ecology ofAnnual Killifishes in Venezuela. By examining the biology and behavior of these fish, Professor Thomerson will not only help us understand the ecology of these fish but also will provide important insighs into the Killifishes'remarkable evolution and survival.

Eating Behavior in Diabetes Patients Diabetes is a critical health problem in the United States. Supported by a SIUE grant, Mary Ann Boyd, associate professor in the School of Nursing, is conducting a study of the eating behavior of newly diagnosed diabetics. Changing eating behavior is very difficult, yet essential to the control of diabetes since the major means of controlling diabetes is through the diet. The results of Professor Boyd's study will help identify variables affecting eating behavior. Once these variables are known, medical practitioners can develop treatment approaches that include strategies to deal with specific eating problems of diabetic patients.

*_=+fg

Mary Ann Boyd

Science Education Research conducted by the faculty and staff at SIUE provides some of the building blocks in science needed to advance knowledge. That knowledge helps create the "intellectual and technical wherewithal" to improve the quality of life and to help solve some of the problems facing our society. Steve Hansen, associate dean, Office of -By Research and Projects, SIUE Graduate School.

The explosion of knowledge in science has outstripped society's ability to educate students about new discoveries and processes. This gap in the educational system is a matter of much concern. Supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Education and from the State of Illinois, SIUE has launched a number of programs designed to bridge that gap. One of SIUE s most successful efforts to extend science education is the Upward Bound, Science Awareness program funded by the U.S. Department of Education. Directed by Betty Lee at SIUE's East St. Louis Center, the program is designed to identify talented low-income students and prepare them to enter post-secondary education. The long term goal is to assist in alleviating the underrepresentation of minorities in the science professions. Directed by Janet McReynolds, assistant to the provost and vice president for academic affairs, a second program at

SIUE is designed to help y::"".Td minorities enter science. Unlike the Upward Bound program, this project provides academic assistance to women and minorities regardless of the level of income. In cooperation with lrwis and Clark Community College and State Community

Berxy Lee

College, this project identifies academically promising women and minorities and prepares them to enter careers in science and engineering by providing them with the skills necessary to succeed in institutions of higher education. Emil Jason, professor in the Department of Chemistry, directs a third project aimed at enhancing science education for minorities in secondary schools. This project confronts the problem in a local school district of low enrollment of black students in advanced math and science classes. Funded by the Illinois Board of Higher Education, Professor Jason's project offers a number of activities designed to increase l) black enrollment in advanced science courses, 2) the number ofblacks succeeding in these courses, and 3) the awareness of the school district's teachers and counselon of the needs and abilities of minority students.

SuzanneJacobitti

ocietal Development Responds to Economic Conditions History demonstrates that a changing economy is a primary force in societal development. The issues that characterize the l980s-changing family structure, global competitiveness, con@rn for the less fortunate, and economic responses

development-are all

to evolving economic conditions.

Researchers in the social sciences and business explore the impact of a changing economy on past and current social institutions and address ways to function productively and successfully in a changing

world.

Liberal Political Thought GovernmerGiGf,otrses-to economic change vary depending on the political theory embraced by those in power. Suzanne

Jacobitti, professor of Political Science, explores the contributions to the study of liberal political thought made by Hannah Arendt. Specifically, Professor Jacobitti's work suggests that Arendt's political philosophy addresses philosophical problems of liberalism acknowledged by contemporary political theorists with regard to individual political action, the nature of democracy, and collective political beliefs.

Changing Views of Mental Retardation The role and position of certain segments of society also change as a result of shifting social, political, and economic conditions. James Trent, assistant professor of Sociology and Social Work, explores the effects these shifu have had on the

Joyce Ascbenbnenner

Family Organuation Perhaps the most pervasive effect of changing economic conditions is reflected in family organization. Joyce Aschenbrenner, professor of Anthropology, examines the dynamics of family change from 1900 to the present. Professo' Aschenbrenner, who received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities for a portion of this project, examines how family structure has changed over time. Her ethnographic expertise led the U.S. Bureau of the Census to seek her assistance in a project designed to investigate why low-income black families are traditionally underrepresented in census results.

perception and treatment of mentally retarded citizens. With a research grant from SIUE, Professor Trent traces the changing views of mental retardation as a disorder of the senses, a moral flaw, a medical disease, a mental disorder, a menace to the social fabric, and finally as mental retardation. His work not only provides an important

comprehensive historical discussion

I the subject, but inspires I retrospection on I part ofeducators,

the

political

economists,

physicians, psychologists,

sociologists, and social workers on how society defines and treats people.

i I

Daniel Thomann

(Left to rigbt) Jobn Mekel, Gilbert Rutma.n and Donald Elliott,Jr.

Industry UniversityPartnerships

Sexual Harassment Ensuring fair treatment for every member of society is the goal of legalljudicial systems. In recent years, concern has grown about protecting women from sexual harassment in the workplace. Consequently, managers have a critical responsibility to make accurate and fair decisions regarding culpability and disciplinary actions when such a grievence is filed. Daniel Thomann, assistant professor of Management, is conducting research on factors that affect a manager's decision-making capacity, such as predisposed biases, and situational or contextual cues that may enter into the decision-making process. Professor Thomann's research offers valuable information for managers and contributes

The growing interest nationally in regional economic development has led many state governments to devote a larger share of public resources to the establishment of university-industry partnerships, reasoning that the combination of scholarly research and industrial entrepreneurship will fuel the creation of new products, new profitmaking entities, and ultimately new jobs. How effective have these partnerships been? Donald Elliott, John Meisel, and Gilbert Rutman, professors in the Department of Economics, are developing an analytical approach to gauge the effectiveness of these partnerships. This framework will enable public officials to identify objectives, criteria, and indicators by which publicprivate ventures can be evaluated. The existence of such an evaluation mechanism will be important for assuring accountability of the use of public funds and for the allocation offunds for future projects. It will also provide essential information to use in analyzing the effectiveness of governmental policies aimed at reducing unemployment and stimulating income growth.

to the development of sexual harrassment policy statements and training programs.

Labor-Management Relations The workplace has also witnessed changes between labor and management groups. Edward Harrick, professor and chair of the Department of Management, and Paul Sultan, professor of Management and Economics, explore i the history of labor-management relations in the southwestern Illinois region through

ilr

oral histories.

Supported with grants from the Southwestern Illinois Leadership Council, Professors Harrick and Sultan and a field survey team collected more than 2,000 pages of testimony from area residents concerning the nature of work, attitudes toward work in the region, attitudes of labor toward management and vice versa. The results of their analysis of the interview material illuminates ways in which labor and management groups can work more cooperatively in the future.

Paul Sultan (left) and Mu.tard Hanick (right)

International Trade Policy Trade policy plays an important role in international economic development. Two SIUE researchers in the Department of Economics address importanf issues related to international trade.

Radcliffe Edmonds, Jr., associate professor, explores the fundamental nature of trade policies and the reasons why they are developed. Building on existing research that focuses primarily on trade policy as it relates to the United States, Professor

Edmonds expands this body of knowledge by exploring the causes and composition of trade between Korea and Japan. Steven A.Y. Lin, professor, focuses specifically on less developed countries (LDC), exploring the theoretical controversy concerning the contribution of exports and trade on economic growth and development of LDCs. Using quantitative indicators related to capital inflows, technological transfers, and industrialization, Professor Lin compares the economic growth of semi-industrialized LDCs and industrialized nations. The research conducted by Professors Edmonds and Lin offers timely insights into the continuing economic and political debate surrounding "economic competitiveness" and international trade issues.

Mary Sumner

Stanm Lin (I.efi) and.Radcliffe

Edmonds,Jr. (rigbt)

End-User Computing The popularity of information systems technology responds to business' desire to survive in an increasingly competitive environment through quicker, better informed business decisions. Research conducted by Mary Sumner, associate professor of Management Information Systems, explores the growing trend of end-user computing, whereby information center staff can assist user managers in tailoring software applications to meet new and emerging information needs. The flexibility and responsiveness provided by end-user computing allows management to avoid the timeconsuming and costly process of relying on formal programming languages. The results of Professor Sumner's research have important implications for managerial productivity and will form the basis Ir:\ for determining policies to maximize the investment in end-user computing.

Encouraging Economic Development: Sharing SIUE Research and Expertise Faculty research is instrumental to SIUE's mission of assisting in the economic development of the region. Local governments, businesses, and individuals can receive specialized technical support and assistance from University faculty through the Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Production, the Small Business Development Center, Regional Research and Development Services, and the Labor and Management Program. Created in 1985 with funding from the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs, the Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Production (CAMP) helps industries in the region apply advanced manufacturing techniques to present production processes and those processes that result when bringing new products to market. The Technology Commercialization Center, housed in CAMP, offers business development and marketing assistance to entrepreneurs and inventors wishing to commercialize a product or service. Small businesses can seek specialized assistance from the Small Business Development Center (SBDC). Also supported by a grant from the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs, the SBDC provides assistance with rnarketing, production, fi nance and procurement activities specific to small business operations. In addition, local governments and community development organizations can utilize faculty and staff research skills through the Regional Research and Development Services (RRDS). Administered by the School of Social Sciences, RRDS endeavors to make University resources and expertise available to public and private constituency organizations within Illinois and parts of Missouri through applied research, support services, and professional guidance. The activities conducted by RRDS fulfill demographic and service delivery needs of interest to local governments, health care agencies, chambers of commerce, not-for-profit organizations, and planning agencies.

Labor and management groups in southwestern Illinois can receive research and educational assistance from the University's Labor and Management Program (LAMP). Through the School of Business, LAMP conducts research studies and educational seminars to serve the special needs of labor and management in the region. LAMP works in close cooperation with the LaborManagement Committee of the Southwestern Illinois Leadership Council.

Whether the unit of analysis is a business enterprise, the government, a family, or an individual, SIUE faculty and staff research in the social sciences and business contributes significantly to a better understanding of how society organizes itself in response to a dynamic economy. Scholarly investigation and the sharing of new knowledge assure continued societal adaptation and development. Sheila Lischwe, resources analyst, Office of SIUE Graduate School.

-By Research and Projects,

D'x SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER

D ir."tory

Area Code: 618

The Graduate School (Graduate Studies and Research):

dean... Projects:

Rosemarie Archangel, Office of Research and

..692-3010 692-3162

Stephen L. Hansen, associate dean Sheila Lischwe, resources analyst

Lillian O'Neal Manning, development officer Jean Willimann, administrative assistant School of Business: David E. Ault, Center for Management Studies: James F. Miller Jr., Small Business Development Program and Procurement Assistance center: Arnold Franke,

dean

....692-3922

director.

...

director

School of Dental Medicine: Patrick J. Ferrillo Jr., School of Education: Gary L. Hull, School of Engineering: Norval D. Wallace, dean Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Production: Gerald L. Bratsch,

dean

director

Technology Commercialization Center: James W. Mager, Supportive Services for Disadvantaged,/Women Business Enterprises,/ Contractors Project: Steven J. Hanna, program

. 692-266g .692-2929

....463-3920

.....692-3350 .....692-2541 ......692-2169

director

.......692-2166

director

......692-2500

School of Fine Arts and Communications: Peter J. Bukalski, dean School of Humanities: David L. Butler, School of Nursing: Patricia R. Forni, dean School of Sciences: Donal G. Myer, School of Social Sciences:

.......692-2771

dean

..692-30L4

.......692-3956

dean.

Samuel C. Pearson, dean Regional Research and Development Services: Lewis G. Bender,

.....692-2372

director

East St. Louis Center: Johnetta A. Haley,

.......692-3500

director

.....271-3000

Office of Continuing Education: Lynn E. Dieterich, acting The University Museum: David C. Huntley, Environmental Resources Training Center: Harlan H. Bengtson, Development and Public Affairs: James R. Buck, vice University News Services:

director......

.692-3210

director

.....692-2996

director.

...692-2030

president

Sam S. Smith, director

. 692-3170

.692-2794

.....

....692-3600

COPY EDITOR Lillian O'Neal Manning, Graduate School

DESIGNER Ed Stan, University Graphics and Publications

PHOTOGRAPHER Bill Brinson, Photographic Service Any written portion of this publication and any non-copyrighted artwork may be reprinted without permission. Credit for Southern Illinois Univerity at Edwardsville'sRasearch and Crcative Aclivities is requested. Correspondence should be addressed to

Lillian O'Neal

Manning, Editor, ( 618\ 692-3162, Gnduate School, Campus Box 1046, SIUE, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1M6. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily rellect those of the Southem Illinois Univenity at Edwardsville faculty, stafi or administration.

The Graduate School Office of Research and Proiects Box 1046 Southern Illinois University at Edwardwille Edwardwille, Illinois 62026-1046 "An affnnative action/equal opportunity erryloyer and pflider of senices."

Couqplnto is a magniftcd buttefly uting. Ittsifu front couuis aftaitfly eye rnagnifted4,M times. Instde back couq is an antlrer couering on fl.ouer magnifud 6,80O times. All plntogrqbs

uere takqtby &uannc Mer, rcsearcberin tbe SIW Btologt Defurtment, using an el.ectrcn tnicroscope.

l\ ff

*I. + l"-l