Edition 7 by SIUE

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ffiF/@H Fall

Seventh Edition

1997

Introduction by the Graduate Dean

Letter from the Chancellor

Articles Allison Funk

P.RI.M.ER

Similar ye Dfferent M^kirrC a

D{eynce in

East

&. louis

Research Briefs

Analvzine Sickle Cell P.atients Q""litv of Life with Different Treatments Sam Pearson C.ompletes Year as Fulbright Scholar

in China

l,eading Students into the Future of Dentistry

NonConformist Heroines

Mirrors of Society

Corn to Ethanol Research at SIUE

SIUE Scholar l.ends Expertise to U. S. Holqcaust Memorial Museum

Synthesizing Teaching and Research

University Provides Administration of Transportation Research Center SIUE Professor Documenting Nigerian language Assessing Academic Research

Contfiutions to lndustry: Industrial and Educational lmpacts

List of Funders Supporting Agencies of Research and Projects at SIUE during the Past Two

Directory

Years

,! : t I

I I

Iq&e0dl&rf,6hr1

: !

Research and creative activities play an important role in teaching and edu-

qting our

students. By linking scholarly activities

to ihstruction, our faculty

are able to proviile current and quality information to the studentr. Wh.r,

intellectually active faculw

engage. students

in the

"r,

classroom, excellence in

education is the result. The Graduate School is pleased to present this edition

of Research

Creative Activities as examples of SIUE's research.

As with the preceding six editions, this issue of Research

Creative

Activities provides a few examples of the scholarly activities being conducted

by the faculty and staff of SIUE. These examples range from examining mathematical optimization theory to maximizing the educational.opportunities

for underserved populations, and from exploring Banach algebras and optimal control theory to creating metaphors in poetry to express complex meanings.

.W" invite you to explore the interesting and educational research that occurs at Southern

Illldr Universrty

at Edwardsville. We have provided an

indepth look at five research areas and a section giving a sampling of

,o-"'of

the other scholarly endeavors of members of the University commumty. We hope you

will enjoy getting to

edition of Research

iltl-l Abdul

l5rrow some

Creative Activities.

,[1;{

Turay

Dgan, Graduate Studies and Research

Research

Creative Activities

of SIUE s scholars through this

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As chancellor of sotthern Illinois University at Edwardsville, I am proud

; I

I ; I I

i l

to be associated with the dedicated scholars and teachers working on research and creative activities at our University. The role

of scholarship

i a

, t

important to enriching our students' Iedrning. This seventh edition of Research

creative Activities highlights a sampling.of the scholarly

activity at SIUE. The activities discussed are varied and support sIUE's mission in many ways. For example, PRIMER, a project funded by the U. S.

Department of Education; responds to regional needs by preparing early chnldhood educators'to help children living

in poverry. Additionally, two of

our scholars receiving grants from the National Science Foundation show how their research enriches their teaching.

The first section of Research

creative Activities focuses on these

important prqiects and research: explorirrg the complexities of human naturq

through poetry, researching mathematical discontinuity in optimal control theory, and providing science education programs for the educationally and economically disadvantaged, as well as presenting Project pRIMER. An

overview

of more work in

nResearch

Briefs' includes our more recent

Fulbright scholar and work in ethanol research. Also included is a listing of

the agencies funding the research and creative activities occurring at SIUE. These agencies represent some of SIUE's partners in the education process.

we are pleased that you have shown a continuing interest in

Research

creative Activitieg and hope you enjoy learning about SIUE in this seventh edition.

If you or your associates

share interests with the University's schol-

ars, please contact us through the directory at the end of this publication.

The SIUE community welcomes your comments or inquiries. As Chancellor,

I look forward to hearing from you.

C^1./1,* David Wemer Chancellor

Research &. Creative

Activities

n trying to make sense of a complex or bewildering situation, we often resort to using metaphors. The figurative language of metaphors, such as t'a sea of troubles," helps us understand a concept or situation more clearly than'would a lengthy description in pr.ose. Poetry often serves the same purpose for us as a metaphor; it is a way of expressing complex meanings. In the writing of Professor Allison Funk, many of her

Midland Authors, the book has as its centerpiece the poem "Living at the Epicenter." This poem, first published

in the Mississippi Valley

Review,

depicts one woman's response

to the

New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812. The impetus for the poem was Professor Funk's move to the Midwest in 1990, at the time when a new, ntas-

sive earthquake was predicted for the region. She investigated the quakes of the 1800's, and was amazed by their

poems are metaphors, frequently using

rnagnitude. Impressed by the impact the earthquakes must have had on

the images and. vagaries of .nature

inhabitants of the area at the time, she

as metaphors for those of human nature, immersing the reader in the incredible inspiration, beauty, and power of nature-and its relationship to human nature. "The first things a reader notices about Allison Funk's first book, Forms

tised an account by Eliza Bryan, a survivor of the quakes, as the basis for the poem. The opening lines characterize the manner in which the poem takes the reader into the quake, into the feelings otBliza Bryan. . .

Conversion, ate the arresting

images,' says Jennifer Atkinson, a poet in her own right, author of "Dogwood Tree." "The graceful measured music

of the verse, lines both melodic and cadenced, so artful as to seem effortless.'

Professor Funk, assistant professor

of English

Language and Literature who joined the faculty of Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville in 1990, is a dynamic poet, teacher, and

promoter of creative activities. In 1984: she *as awarded a DeWitt Wbllace/Reader's Dgest Fellowship at the MacDowell Colony, and, in 1985,

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a fellowship to Yaddo, a writer's colony. In 1988, she received a ful$ear fellowship from the National

began

Endowment for the Arts after publishing her first book of poems, Forms of Conversion, which was later selected

remember first reading ten years ago a uThe stunning poem

by the National Endowment for the Arts for exhibit at the Frankfurt Intemational Bookfair in Germany. ln 1995, Professor Funk's second book, Liuin g dt the Epicenter,' was published by Nbrtheastern University Press. The 1995 winner of the annual Samuel French Morse Poetry Pfize at Northeastem University and the 1996 Award in Poetry from The Society of

"I have known Allison Funk's work since the late 1970's when her poems to appear in our country's finest

literary journals. I can clearly called

Marsh" in

Antaeis (perhaps the best literary magazine of the past twenty years

pub

lishing poetry, fiction, and essays) and feeling a generous envy of the poem's candor, care,'and clarity, and a longing

for more, for a whole book of

such

intelligent and well-wrought poems,' remembers Eric Pankey, a professor and poet in the creative writing progam at George Mason University.

Other acknowledgements of the quality of Professor Funk's work are . the George Kent Prize awarded her by Poetry in 1993, and the prestigious Celia B. Wagner Award from the Poetry Society of America in 1995. This award was presented to her in New York at the 85th Annual Awards Ceremony of the Poetry Society of America, the nation's oldest poetry organization, founded in 1910. Professor Funk's winning poem, "Wandering Prayer," is included in Living at the Epicenter. Professor Funk's writing and teachit g are integrally intertwined. Beginning serious writing after eaming her B.A., at a writer's conference she, had a teacher, Mark Strahd (later a national Poet- I-aureate), "who liked my poems and encouraged me to apply to graduate schools in creadive writing. I applied, went to Columbia University's program in New York, and have never looked back. Strand's encouragement was pivotal for rne. It is amazing the difference an encouraging teacher can make for a student," Professor Funk brings -this attitude to her classes, especially those in creative writing, through her experiences as a practicing poet in "getting inside the language.' She is able to draw on her own frustrations and successes, to "talk about writing as a writer,' hnd to help students understand the connection between composition or creative writing and the actual process involved in the work of an active writer. She encourages each student, finding something of value in each tentative poem; and supporting student efforts to publish their poetry. Professgr Funk .speaks of a student whom she encouraged to attend a writing workshop in Arkansas: "She went and abiolutely blossomed there. She came back with stronger writing skills, more determination, and a confidence she'd never had before. It was thrilling for me as her mentor to see this growth." Pamela Osley, graduate student and SIUE staff member, has been immensely irnpressed by the teaching style of

Research

Creative

Activities

Professor Funk, by her positivq and

encouraging reactions

to student

efforts as she "finds something positive ab.out every piece she hears." Osley

surns-up her feeling about Professor Funk's teaching: ushe inspired me so much that Ifve taken every creative

writing course from beginning poetry

to the giaduate seminar in

creative

writing."

Professor Funk continues her commitment to her students as faculty advisor to the River Bluff Review.

This annual literary magazine staffed by students at SIUE offers a forum for student publication.

listening to, work from which we learn and take pleasure. What could be more valuable than that?'

A recent event in which Professor Funk participated was a reading and book signing at l-eft Bank Books in St. [.ouis. There, in a small coffee shop atached to the store, a large group bf colleagues, students, friends, and others gathered to hear the vibrant poetry of Living at the Epicenter in the author's own voice. She seemed surprised, almost embarrassed, by the size of the audience, and introduced her reading in her usual gracious, selfcffacing manner. More than fifty

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Professor Funk's enthusiasm for poetry has led her to participate in numerous extramural activities during her career. She currently serves as Associate Editor of Sou'qr.rester, also published by SIUE. In the past, she has directed the Endicott College Poetry Reading Series, and participated in the Festival of Poetry at The Frost Place in Franconia, New Hampshire as well as

the Eastern State Writers' Conference at Salem State College in Salem, Massachusetts.

Her love of poetry in its spoken form also has led her to arrange or participate in numerous poetry readings. As related by Jennifer Atkinson after listening to one of Professor Funk's readings: u[ was struck by the quiet confidence of the poems, the way they held us still in our seats, not missing a word as we waited for the lyrical to unfold into narrative, for the personal to open into the formal. Hers is work worth

Research

loeor'l

Creative Activities

^".rooaoiLy

people, stuffed into and overflowing a

hot, uncomfortable room, nevertheless were spellbound by the sound of her poetry. The words were of a nature both one with, and ever in control of, the human condition-a kind of symbiosis, or perhaps a mutual reflection. A few days after this event, Professor Funk said, almost shyly, "They sold all my books that night-

and'they usually sell only about a quarter of them at these readings." The book's popularity is an appropriate reflection of the manner in which its words touch the deepest self of the

full time and the mother of

very

young children. Forms of Conversion was the product of this period of time, during which she completed most of her writing between 5:00 and 6:30 a.m. The National Endowment for the Arts fellowship was "my first real gift of time." Even given Professor Funk's disciplined approach, ". . the writing process is still mysterious, and time at my desk doesn't necessarily result in poems I want to keep. . . . I do believe that I write best when I am able to achieve a rather intense level of concentration.

silence . . . .

need, of course, absolute is the only way, as the

poet and my old teacher Stanley Kunitz has said, to go down into the 'well.' Virginia Woolf recorded in her diary that she wrote with such intensi-

ty and

speed

that she felt herself

stumbling after her own voice, running ahead of her, as it were. Sometimes it

happens like that, though rarely. For

the most part,

get fragments, the

promising image, the music of a lucky sentence or line. How to shape it, how to expand. it, how to hear better, see

more clearly what is necessary, these are the challenges that occupy most of my time."

For many of her poemi; lyric or long, Professor Funk's planning is extensive. To immerse herself in thematic study and development of poetry, she has received three Summer

Research Fellowships and a Funded

University Research award from the University. The latter she used to travel to England, where she conducted research for her next book. In East Sussex, she visited Charleston, the

home of painter Vanessa Bell, sister of

novelist Virginia Woolf. Both sisters'

hearer or reader.

homes have been converted into

Other recent readings by Professor Funk have been at Lewis and Clark College in Godfrey, Illinois and Prairie Ughts Book Store in Iowa City. She is planning readings in Boston, in Delaware, and in Ohio.

museums depiaing the life and work

Professor Funk's poetry is the result of a disciplined writing style learned, by necessity, when she was employed

of their respective owners.

There Professor Funk gathered information for "Letters to Virginia Woolf,' a Z0-page poem which deals . with the life of Vanessa Bell. The poem imagines letters from Vanessa Bell to Virginia Woolf after Woolf's 1941 suicide. The title of each section

is the date of a letter in which Bell talks to Woolf "about things that were pretty much unspoken beteween them

during Virginia's life.' A sabbatical leave in Fall 1996 allowed her to finish the poem.

A Summer Research Fellowship helped Professor Funk complete another long poem begun following her trip

to England. While there, she also visited English cathedrals; in writing the poem she used

a different architectural feature of

Gothic cathedrals title for each

as the

of its

The subject'holds particular interest for Professor Funk,

whose father is an architect and teacher

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of Gothic

architecture.

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finalizing her third book for publication by 1998. It will include the long poems on Vanessa Bell and Gothic cathedrals, as well as approximately ten shorter lyric poems. We also look forward to its publication, for the

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Research

Creative

Activities

PRE-SCHOOL

READINESS

PR.I.M.E.R.

every child who is born, under no mdtter what circum. stqnces, and, of no mdtter what parents, the potentiality of

the human race is born again; and in him, too, , . . our tenific responsibility towards human life . . . . -James Agee Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton recognized our responsibility to children. Understanding that the direction in which education starts a child determines that child's future life, they set as a goal for the nation that by the year 2000 all children in America would start school ready to learn.

SIUE's Robert Rockwell, a nationally known scholar in early childhood education, is leading a team of faculty from eight colleges and universities in a major effort to help families in the St. Louis metropolitan area prepare their

prepare for the future, and the earlier this preparation begins, the better a child's chances are to survive and to succeed.' Professor Rockwell's project, called PRIMER (Pre-school

Readiness and Intervention: Managing Educational Resources), is designed to increase the number of qualified early childhood professionals ready to nurture and prepare children, particularly children from disadvantaged backgrounds. In its first year of operation, PRIMER recruited and

began training 215 individuals, many disadvantaged backgrounds themselves,

childhood educators. The training involved associate degree

work at the six community colleges, baccalaureate work at SIUE and Harris-Stowe, and graduate work at SIUE and UMSL. PRIMER also established

retention programs, including faculty rnentoring, academic support services, social services, and field-based learning, to help the participants succeed.

children for school. Rockwell, a professor in the Department of

An important component of the

Curriculum and Instruction at SIUE, received one of only twelve grants

overall project is the Violence Center. The Center's programs for early childhood professionals, children, and their parents focus on managing violence, and on how to cope with the stress of

given by the U.S. Department of Education to help children be ready for school. "Our children are our future,"

Professor Rockwell said, uand America's future is in danger.

Children, are the poorest Americans. Statistics show that one in five children lives in poverty. For them, the world is often a dangerous place where they must learn basic survival skills before they leam to read," It is on preparing children to learn that Professor Rockwell focuses the efforts of his grant. Supported by a

team

violence. Courses and workshops cover topics such as types of violence, the psychologiqal effects of violence cin children, and techniques for avoiding violence. T\errCenter also provides

referrC,t servicls',for parents and children who \ave experienced the trauma of ,vi6li:dle.

P"atrigia',$irrt-ko, who coordinates the Virildncb Center, says its major 1!\ i particieims 4lruD to Lv help lrsrP the Llrs PRIMER I l\lrvlLl\ oe r' P4r Lllr,i., *s of understand the impact nq,ts ',., ''yiolence .., , __l' give grve 'ylolence upon cnlldren and to children ano them the skiflq$dbdeil to lessen that impact. "As a resuk of

of faculty from Harris-Stowe

College, the University of Missouri at St. Louis (UMSL), and Belleville Area,

of whom are from for careers as early

kwis and Clark, Sate

Community, Florissant Valley, Forest Park, and Meramec Community Colleges, he is training personnel for educating pre-school children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Providing qualified early childhood educators is a first step in breaking the cycle of poverty and violence that prevents children from being ready to learn.

The need for early childhood educators is critical. According to the U.S. Department of Education, 35 percent of the nation's children are unprepared for school. In the St. l,ouis metropolitan area alone, fewer than one-third of the 90,000 children living in poverty are enrolled in Head Start programs. To prepare all children for school, St. louis needs more early childhood educators. According to Professor Rockwell, "We must educate 215 new teachers annually in order to meet the demand in St. l,ouis for qualified personnel. We must have trained professionals ready to help children

such training;" Ms. Bortko said, "early childhood teachers are better dble to'handle kids who have been either victims or witnesses of violence.'

The violence counseling became a much larger part of the overall project than Professor Rockwell had first anticipated. Citr"g national statistics, he noted that every two hours one American child dies from gunshot wounds. 'The leading cause

of death among Black teen males is homicide," Professor

Rockwell sated. uThe numbers are grim, but itls more than just numbers. Children exposed to violence in whatever form are nearly twice as likely as their classmates to show signifi cant signs of depression and low selfesteem. These children may themselves become aggressive and develop defense mechanisms that inhibit their ability to learn.' Underscoring Professor Rockwell's concern, Ms. Bortko said that one of PRIMER's most significant contributions has

Research

Creative

Activities 9

been preparing teachers to handle children touched by One of the results of which Professor Rockwell was most violence during the most critical stage in their lives-early proud was that PRIMER gave people who work in early childchildhood, the time when a child creates lasting attitudes. hood centers an opportunity to advance their education. For As an example, Ms. Bortko told of a PRIMER participant example, one of the students was in her 40's and had been who reported her concerns about a young child at the day trying to complete her college degree for oler,ten years. ,,She care center where she worked. usally" had become uclingy" had a large family and needed to work full time to support a14 "afraid.of everphing' after witnesding the brutal beating them," Professor Rockwell related. PRIMER opened doors for of her older brother. When Sally complained of being sleepy her. It offered the course work and the academic support serat school because 'bad dreamso kept her awake at night, the vices she needed to earn her degree. PRIMER participant's training helped her recognize the "I was afraid I was too old to complete college," the student nature of Sally's trauma. Consequently, Sally and her family said, %ut PRIMER gave me a new start. What would my obtained counseling from the Violence Center. The partici- future be as a $6-"r-ho.r, day care worker?, she asked. ,,Now pant now reports that Sally is more responsive in school and I have a- chance to be a teacher." Professor Rockwell noted seldom'complains of bad

dreams.

Another of the teachers in the I PRIMER project told Ms" Bortko atout an angry and aggressive young male in her class. She discovered that

\IIOLENCE I'ACTS

children

T/tle-have

lost morc ene.rican to firearms than we lost American

with irony that ,,we trust these folks with our children, and yet most are paid only minimum *age. As a soci.ay, *. have invested little training in some of our nation's most important

soldiers in viet Nam. and teachers." PRIMER, he believes, has From lg68-19gl, more than l:5 milwas receiving counseling' The child, helped to change that investment for lion An ricans died nevertheless, was growing progres- ,n frTi-OOO arrri.*, "]il;ffi;"h;r, the better. died in mi1sively more violent and the teacher ta,ry conflicts in other countries, which Besides the dedicated individuals at worried for the other children. ldg-*ye.?re4f timesmorâ&#x201A;Źlikelyto Harris-Stowe College, the University kil each other t'han to be killed by an Through her PRIMER classes, the of Missouri at St. lnuis, and the six e:$emar teacher learned about specialized treat- , community colleges, professor ^:^r L-__-r-_! boundaries - Violence transcends. racial , ment and counseling and was able to Rockwell credits SIUE's Patricia *' gdis.farmore.rutryiiltti6'#'"' provide a referral for Billy and his Borrko, Eileen Borgia, l,"la DeTove, than on the ,,,;;:"'*" family. weeks later, the 'RIMER teacher reported that B'rv was doing lLtffii.9ff3Hi,fff,Y,'*iltr SfJlT#''',iffiT" {i,li:H: l# much better and beginning to respond a,nd one-haJf were black. Where the PRIMER's success. in school. race of the murderers is known, 8g% The prqiect,s faculty and staff have of the murderyry of whites "These are only two examples of yhit b..r, g"rr..o.r, in their praise ' and 94% of thb murdererg of{9T "quuily blacks lf prof"rro, the_ many l<inds of problems faced by Rockwell,s planning and early childhood educators,' ProfeSsor were black' management of PRIMER' caroly - Aa American child dies from gunshot Rockwe' said. They confirm for him

. ,,Billy. had been sexually abused

orteachers

the dire need ror tiaining for pre'school children. Had been for the PRIMER program,

it not

Sally's and Billy's teachers. would not have r Lbeen equiped to help.

ffiffi:H.l$:i'H*J; g6i1g child ly to be killed by &ot"ing up in

According to Professor Rockwell, the dedication of the people who have participated in PRIMER'was amazing. The participants work all day in early childhood centers and then attend classes on weekday evenings from 6 until 9:30 p.m. and on Saturdays from 8 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Barbara Havis, one of the members of the SIUE faculty who tehches in the PRIMER program, was' also impressed by the Students' motivation. Havis said that her classes were fun to teach, not only because the students were so eager to learn but also because the students'experiences in pre-school settings made the classes more interesting. "Even though mariy of these students lacked formal education,n Havis said, uthey were quite advanced in their teaching skills and techniques because of their extensive experience,"

Research

Creative Activities.

as a

lioinern

lreland.

, -_l

l:ffiffir*,,*ll;"irJ;iffli:1 "he has the ability -to taiior educational programs to fit th" needs of the

learners, which rrrjkes the educational

process a meaningful and lasting

experience.' A colleague at Santa Clara University echoeJ Rybicki's sentiments by .orrr-er,ting that "if we cannot make an irnpact on those who actually'touch our childien'then our work is often of little lasting valuej Bob Rockwell has that ability to make an impact." Helping day care workers become teachers and helping children be ready to leam are what make PRIMER a uniquely important project for SIUE. PRIMER applies the expertise of faculty like Bob Rockwell to,help solrre^.eal problems for the community.

By Stephen Hansen, Ass;ociate Dean, Office and Prqects, SIUE Graduate School

Research

silrtilaraft dif e]-etrttr \-t

two

f-J

stuE mathematicians share

their joy of math

Mathematics is the alphabet with which God has written the universe. ' Galileo

tr"

of SIUE's mathematicians are working to uncover the

secrets

of the

mathematical alphabet through their research.

Urszula kdzewicz, professor, and Krzysztof Jarosz, professor, both in SII-IE's Department of Mathematics and Statistics, have several things in common. Both professors are dedicated researchers and teachers, were each awarded a sabbatical during

the 1995-96 academic

year, and come

from Poland. And, because of their dedication, both were promoted to the academic rank of

full professor quickly.

Another similarity between these two busy people is that they both have a difficuh time explaining their research to non-mathematicians, ahhough

just by looking over their impressive list of publications, the educated layperson can tell these two are highly+espected in their fields. Professor I*dzewicz's research lay

in the area of optimal control and optimization

theory; Professor Jarosz's area is functional analysis, mostly commutative Banach algebras and Banach space theory.

Research

Creative

Activities ll

According to Professor l*dznwicz, optimal control theory originated as a mathematical discipline in the fifties and sixties answering the need of aerospace exploration. It addressed

World Congress of Nonlinear Analysis held in Athens,

the issue of how to control the motion of an object, like a rocket that sends a satellite into orbit, in an optimal way relative to some objective, like in the shortest possible time or with maximum fuel efficiency. This theory has found applications in almost any branch of science and engineering, ranging from optimal allocations of a budget between consump tion and investment in economics, and optimal control of processes in technology, to optimal control of missiles and spacecraft and of autopilots in airplanes. "Optimal control problems are optimization problems and thus deal with minimizing or maximizing some objective,' Professor Ledzewrcz explained. "What sets them apart from ordinary optimization problems is that the optimization is done over functions.

researcher. uln most cases ofteaching new students, on top of teaching them the subject, one has to try to break some kind of psychological barrier in their way of thinking about math-

research and many

of my

publications deal with necessary conditions for optimality for a class of problems called abnormal. The basic idea behind necessary conditions is to single out possible candidates for optimality.

Greece, during July 1996.

And teaching is

al.so

important to t"his respected

making the subject interesting and at the same time attainable

to them. College Algebra, which I teach quite often, is an example of such a course. It is very difficult to find the way to reach these students, but once it is found, it is very rewarding."

Professor l*dzewicz finds that teaching, but that

it is not research versus

is research and taching. "I always felt that these are two activities which are perfectly complementary. Research gives a long range satisfaction, whereas

l--

But sometimes degenerate scenarios arise when seemingly there is no influence of l the o$eaive. In these cases, the classical conditions fail or become satisfied trivially. I have developed numerous criteria for optimality in such cases.' Professor 'Ledzewicz worked on numerous research activities during her recent sabbatical. This time allowed her to participate in the research activities of the Department of Systems Science and Mathematics at Washington LUniversity, where her husband, Heinz Schaeffler, is an 'I associate professor. "I'm really ,,rY.-l '/ fortunate that such a special- v " ized department, which deals with various applied aspects of control theory, is in such close vicinity to SIUE." She added that "since my background from lodz University in. Poland is more theoretical, these interactions allow me to improve on more applied, engineering-type aspects of my research." The work she accomplished during her sabbatical "will be beneficial not only for my own'research, but also for the master theses I will supervise in the frrture," Professor Ledzewicz said. "Knowledge of more applied subjects gives our graduates better chances to find jobs on today's

__l

^uJ* ,r?'1 dOrt,

competitive job market.o

Finally, even

in her busy

sabbatical schedule, Professor

l-edzewicz found time for her duties as an organizer. She was

invited to join a Global Organizing Committee of the Second

Research

Creative Activities

teaching, as a research mathematician, gives you a feeling of accomplishment every day. Also my research activities provide me with ideas for topics to pursue with my graduate students."

Her rapport with her students is good. When Professor first SIUE graduate student moved back to the St. Louis area from Texas, she looked up Professor Ledzewicz's

Led;zewicz. Jennifer Stohs, a high school mathematics teacher

and soccer coach, praised Professor lndz.ewicz as a teacher. uShe was very patient with me," Ms. Stohs remembered. "And she's very brilliant." Professor Ledzewicz received her Ph.D. in Applied Mathernatics at the University of lndz in Poland in 1984. She

aught at l,ouisiana State University in Baton Rouge and

to SIUE in 1987, wlere she said she has been very *nn . "I had other job offers from bigget universities, but the only institution who agreed to 6elp me with $i.il

came

-",

to me' my visa status, which at that time was very important issues' scholarly by Aithough my decision was not motivated atmosphere the I have L admit that I really got lucky' Frorn to all the of the Department [of maihematics and statisticsl to promote research initiatives of the Graduate School a better imagine not ,n."t.*a research activities, I could environment for scholarly development'' with her Professor l*dzewicz maintains research contacts a facuky Ph.D. institution in Poland, where she was also oTheir matheStates' member before coming to the United 100 active research facuky' -"ti., department h"r-,,,o" than it.lrrding about 20 in my area of expertise" Professor Collaboration ledzewicz said. In corrnection with their NSF research at their present her husband often ;; ,h" "rrd urhese and important contacts +re very L*ir"r, in poland. beneficial for our research'n The main difference between Polish and U'S' universities' uln styles. for Professor Ledz,ewicz, has been in the teaching p;-t.rra, n"a to participate in the lectures and

my students perform infront of the

class' Also, the grades they were earn-

to everyone else,' she explained' "During my a few times fir-o y.", teaching in the U'S', I got in trouble 't"v students by following these 'Polish methods''' *iat has been During her years at SIUE, Professor lsdznwicz

irrg

*.r. known

grants' the reciplnt oi thr." National Science Foundation Research Collaborative among ih"* th" NSF U'S' - Poland C""* i"f",V with her husband, and a three'year NSF grant and f- n", ,."r""r.h on "Abnormal Minimizers control," Dscontinuities of the value Function in optimal both awarded in 1996. Summer Professor l*dzewicz also has received several SIUE Research Research Fellowships and two prcstigious :

Scholar Awards.

nany

not follow Professor lndzewicz said that she does depends on seneral Datterns in my research work. Everphing it. niott"* I am working bn' But recellly' since I got my

*-p*"r,

am more and more working.on line,'typing

""* research thoughts

and ideas directly in the computer as of a paper for research notes, which eventually take a form publication.'

uCertainly

with Galileo' share o{ mathematics is the language in which a significant time of the written' At science, most promineritly-phy'ic', is a;lil.", with its focus on astronomy and other physical that 'mathematics phenomena, it must have seemed to him the universe" is the alphabet with which God has written N"*"a"vt, with the increasing role which is played in seem our lirres by technology and computers' this may And Professor kdzewicz

even more

so.n

agrees

his degrees in Professor Krzysztof Jarosz also received poland but from w"rr"* University. During his sabbatical professor t""t "f f9q5'96, he received a visiting research 1995' fall during *ririon at Bowling Green Sate l-lniversity pre research iVtit at Bowling Green, he participated in the spring gr"- the univlsity's math department'' During the of

Professorl"to" received a six-monthExchange research grant from the International Research Polish The B;tr; Ofrxl to The Warsaw Universitv and

irrd ,,rrrr-., of

1996,

Academy of Sciences in Poland'

Green University J"ror" wanted to visit Bowling in my be."us. 'there are several mathematicians working

;t.

There also is area of research here and at a nearby university.

.d lbrary

there.n He added that being able

to work on

his research full time was important, too' t^--.f" p"i"a, I worked in the area of functional analysis-

space mostly cqmmutative Banach algebras and Banach ,h"ori, w.ll as in the theory of analytic functions'" P;;i.; "sJarosz has been working in these fields for several small ;;;tt. ;Ni.te specifically, in Poland, ofI- investigated functions analytic ieformation, of ,p".", and algebras

and underlying deformations of analytic structures''

honors, while at SIUE Professor the Universitv's prestigious Reselch

fn addiiioi to these

J"""*;;;;

*t.f

Fellowships' Scholar Awards, many SIUE Summer Research grants' and two National Science Foundation a non'mathematician? to work How does he explain his nThis is the most difficuk question," Professor Jarosz said' He summed it uP as follows: a A mathematical model is a simplified approximation o{ philt*l ;il"rt"". Thus, it is not (and probably never can be) usually, several similar models are

100 percent accurate; percent pt""tiUt". Since the collected data also fails 100

".*.".y, .rnpirioi

impossible to decide jon the basis of the Sometirnes data alone) *tti.lt model is the best one' the same to lead since all models

it is often

does not matter difference solution/conclusion. But sometimes a very small of mathin the initial condition can lead, in a very long chain

resuk' It is very ematical discussions, to a completely different two possithese to be able to distinguish between produce models bilities. And, in the case wherrnot all similar to decide results, we would also like to be able ,h" feasible solutions whether there is any common part in all the may get' we and what kind of variations in the resuks philosProfessor Jarosz explained that this fundamental ofl"'deformations of Banach spaces and

f-**",

,"-"

ophy is the iheory However,

I do not want to give an impression

that

"t!#"r'. tti, t idea can describe

very accurate$ the exact nature of "V explain sounds my work. ln particular, the concept I tried to iiL only ar, "ppli"d science-and it is' But' rny work has nona1u1e oj direct engineering application! I investigate the

deformations on a

t'"'y thto'etical' foundational level'

Research

Creative

Activities

Moreover, I onfy deal with cerain aspects of deformation." Other researchers then use his theories as a basis for more applied applications. Professor Jarosz agrees with Professor Ledzewicz that SIUE is a good place to be. "I have a lot of freedom and support in

my research,' Professor Jarosz explained. "I really appreciate being able to investigate what intrigues and fascinates me. Thanks to the research grants I received from SItIE, I was

able, I hope, to spread my enthusiasm for the problems that atlract me to the colleagues and graduate.students in other academic centers by organizing several international conferences. Due to these meetings, the Departmeni of Mathematics

and Statistics at SIUE gained some publicity." As Professor Jarosz mentions, students are important to him. "It is my very strongly held opinion that research and teaching are complementary and reinforce each other. They

textbook for one of our courses, he spent considerable time and efforts putting together a set of notes for that class."

Professor Jarosz feels strongly about working with students. He explained that medical students would not want to be taught by someone who had not practiced medicine. "In my opinion, in teaching mathematics at the university ievel, a

professional service is provided by a Ph.D. mathematician with an active research program or, for older scholars, with a long-recognized research history." Professor Jarosz's wife is a statistician and Ph.D. candidate at Washington University. ushe understands very well the demands of research work in mathematics. Without her help and support, it would be impossibleo to accomplish his research and teaching agendas.

With the receipt of many research invitations, such as at Bowling Green, and research grants, the publication of many

---.'' I

articles, and the organization of three international conferences, Professor Jarosz's work is respected by other mathematicians. 'I think my work has some impact-people coine to the conferences, they want to work together, they invite me. But it is difficult to judge the imporance of your own work." Working and exchanging ideas with colleagues in the same field is important to Professor Jarosz. oAt a certain polnt a longer visit at a major research center is

I selected Warsaw for a part of my sabbatical." He explained that Warsaw is one of the biggest and best places for a mathematicrucial for me. This is why

cian in the world, particulady for his area of research. "The math library at Warsaw is one of the biggest in the world. It may _t

are not contradictory. With very few exceptions, good researchers are the ones who are

-,/u7o

truly interested,

enthusiastic, and knowledgeable about the subject. Therefore, they are better teachers." Prof. Jarosz continues that "to be a good teacher you must first really understand and like the subject. To teach well, say Calculus I, it is not enough to know just Calculus I-III, it is not enough to know Calculus I-III + Linear Algebra I + Dfferential Equations I, and so on.'

When former Department of Mathematics and Statistics chairperson, Chung-wu Ho nominated Professor Jarosz for an SIUE honor, Professor Ho said that "I noticed several times that he [Professor Jarosz ] gave special problem sessions or tutorial workshops in evenings or weekends to students who

needed extra help. When we could not

Research

Creative Activities

find a suitable

be surprising since, in other fields, research and libraries in Poland are in a

much worse position [than in the United Statesl. Part of the reason is the mathematical tradition in Poland." In fact, the work of Stefan Banach, a Polish mathematician, started the develol> ment of functional analysis. Banach was a cofounder of the Polish School of Mathematics. uAnd, of course, Banach

U f/u,o-

those

spaces are named after him," Professor Jarosz added

Another part of the reason for the strength of math in Poland is that omathematics is fairly inexpensive when compared to other, equipment based, areas. For theoretical mathematicians, a good library is the most important tool in research.o Professor Jarosz added that because of its theoretical nature, in Poland umath, for a very long time, was not considered to be a threat to the communist systeml thus,

there was more funding and freedom for travel. However, this assumption turned out to be false since a relatively large number of top Solidarity activists and members of the postcommunist governrnent came from the math department of Warsaw university." And exactly how does a theoretical mathematician work? "I use paper and pencil for scratch work, but most of the work, even the draft versions, I type on the computer. Several years ago there were dozens of scientific word processors for mathematics, rnost of them incompatible.

"Matherrlatics is penhaps the mtost i

ntennationa I subject."

Today there is practically only one that won the world-wide acceptance: TEX, pronounced 'tech,' as in technology." In fact, when editing the Proceedings of the Second Conference of Function Spaces, Professor Jarosz found that all 35 papers uwere written by' submitted were typeset in TEX. The papers mathematicians from about 20 countries.'. While Galileo saw mathematics'as the universal alphabet, Professor Jarosz's work proves that mathematics is an intemational language as wbll. "Indeed Polish is rny native language and we speak Polish at home with my family. Of coufse, my English is not as good as my Polish, but it was never a serious problem." Professor explained, 'lAll the research papers 'I wrote in Poland Jarosz before coming to the U.S.A. were published in English, including not only paper published in the West, but also papers published in math journals in Poland. Mathematics is perhaps the most international subject." Even though mathematics is an international language to other mathematicians, it is not usually understood by the 'layperson. Professors l-edzewicz and Jarosz both are willing to take the time to try to explain their work to non-mathematicians. Akhough we rnay not totally understand what these two researchers,/teachers are doing, we can appreciate their dedication, their love of their work, and their patlence to help other people comprehend a little of the job they enjoy. And at least we laypersons can appreciate the fact that Professors l-edznwrcz and Jarosz aie continuing to unlock the secrets of the mathematical alphabet'of the universe through

their research and teaching

By LillionO'Neal Manning Ptr-D. in British litcrature, Saint Louis University, and former Prolect Coorilinatm fm the Graduatc School's Office of Research andPrclec*.

Research

Creativ.e

Activities

Crystal Conner, 15, wants

be a surgeon after she graduates from

Spellman College. Trina Little, 16, plans to study computer science at IIT.

to go to mddical school at Washington university, And Ronald Story, 17, who scored a respectable 2l on the ACT, wants to study architectural engineering at University of Kansas. Ishwanzya Rivers, 16, hopes

"Kansas is one of the most selective architecture schools

in the country,'

notes Ronald. "They require every student to have a 3.0 GPA, graduate in

the upper 10 percent of your class, and score a 28 on your ACT.' Ronald

the first two requirements are easy, and now he's planning to take the ACT again. ul'llget it," he says with confidence. says

Confidence-that's a word these four high school students from East St. l,ouis often use to describe the benefits they've received through the Upward Bound Science Awareness program at SIIJE s East St. I-ouis Center. They've all been involved with the

program since their sophomore year

in high school, and along with

new-found

confidence, each one has found the academic support here invaluable. "The teachers are gre:t,' Ishwanzya says. "They help more and we all get individual attention.', Adds Ronald, "The math instructors are the best I've ever had." uFor

me, the handson work has been the best,' Crystal says. For Trina, the tutoring has been helpful. "They know we can do the work,' she says. While all four excel in science and rnath, they have found the English classes just as challenging. "My English has really improved," says Ishwanzya. "I have definitely built my vocabulary.' uWe write essays on the computers,' adds Ronald.

nEveryday,'Ishwanzya

September

says

with a sigh.

of last year, SIUE's East St. Louis Center was hon0red with

$400,000 federal grant to continue operation of the Upward Bound Science Awareness

program. The program is coordinated by Patricia Harrison. "This Upward Bound program is specifically designed to introduce, encourage, motivate and prepare students to explore the sciences and mathematics,' Harrison says. uOur goal is to help increase

minority representation in mathematical and scientific professions."

The program serves 150 high school students (between tenth and twelfth grade) from the East St. louis School District #189. East St. Louis; one of the moSt impoverished cities in the country, is also home to one of the poorest school systems. For the past three years, 71 percent of the total student body has shown basic skills deficiencies and do not meet state performance goals, as compared with a statewide average of 25 percent.

Upward Bound Science Awareness supplements the education of select high school students with a curriculum that includes science, mathematics and English. Other aaivi. ties and services of the program include cotinseling, advising, cultural events, academic programs, educational field trips and a six-week summer workshop at SIUE. The staff is comprised of eight teachers, two counsblors, and two teacher aids. Students are chosen for the program based on their grades and career goals, a personal interview, and their

Research

Creative Activities

families' financial status. They must also

Through Science Awareness, all four

have the potential to be the first in their family to pursue a college

students have visited the Science Center, the Botanical Gardens, a

education.

College Fair at Forest Park, and a water treatment center in Peoria. But by far the activity these students look forward to the most is the annual East St. I-ouis Science Fair. The city-wide Science Fair has been held for eleven years. It is funded through a $14,000 grant from the East St. Louis Community Fund and the Monsanto Corporation. Open to grade schoolers and high schoolers, and every age in between, the fair gets

In line with the

of increasing in the sciences,

goal

minority representation

and in conjunction with Upward Bound Science Awareness, Harrison also received a second federal grant for over $200,000 to start-up the Upward Bound Math & Science Center. The Math & Science Center, begun.in October 1995, currently serves 40 ninth graders from East St. Louis, Lovejoy and Cahokia school districts. These students will continue with the

Trina had never entered a Science Fair before, and received second place in the East St. Louis fair last year. Crystal, the future-surgeon, was awarded

first place for her project investigating the theory that roaches carry germs.

"They do," Crystal

said.

"Staphylococcus and cocobaccillius are just two of the bacteria I discovered."

"It was nasty," Ronald added with a grimace. He's going to stick with studying physics and calculus, and take another stab at the ACT.

program through graduation.

Similar to Science Awareness, the Math & Science Center strives to supplement science and math education

while preparing students for higher education. The students participating in

the Math & Science Center receive many of the same services provided to Science Awareness students, but these 40 students also have opportunities to attend events and field trips, assist and observe SIUE faculty research projects,

and attend a residential'summer program on campus. "Of course the students in the Science Awareness program want to know why they can't stay at the Residence Hall," Harrison

with a smile. As a Science Awareness student, the

says

activity Ronald enjoyed most was attending the Science Awareness

-,, -/6-*uu/^'j

/ ,l {Y

A-n.l-t"--

Leadership Conference last summer,

bigger every year. "Last year, the fair included more than 400 projects,"

and the one he enjoyed least was career

Harrison says proudly.

shadowing a lawyer.

"At the time I

after observing court cases all day, I didn't like it." Crystal and Ishwanzya were impressed with their opportunity to shadow a physician at Centreville Hospital. "We were allowed to observe minor surgery and inoffice procedures,n

Due to the Science Fair's affiliation with Science Awareness, the project has a membership in the Illinois Junior Academy of Science, so prize winning students have the opportunity to participate in science fair competitions at the regional and state levels. According to HarriSon, a Science Awareness student competed at the lllinois State Science

Crystal remembers.

Fair last year.

thought

wanted to be an attorney, but

By Panrela Osley, Coordinator, Office of Academic Marketing Sen ices, SIUE

Research

Creative

Activities

Analyzing Sickle Cell Patients' Quality of Life with Different Treatments Previously it was estimated that at least 50% <if si.kle cell disease patients died before "ll reaching 20 years of age. Today such patients are living longer. Analyzing the quality'of life of thti sickle cell patients with three different therapies is the aim of the research.carried out' by Dr. Felissa Lashley, Dean and Professor, School of Nursing arid her colleagues. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that, in the United States, primarily affects blacks (especially of African and Caribbean ancestry), although white persons, particularly those of Mediterranean backgrounds (i.e. Greek, Italian, Arabic), may also be affected. One in 400 American blacks has sickle cell disease and

about 1500 infants are born with sickle cell disease in eacfr year. Dr. Lashley explains, "These affected persons suffer from complications duch as painful acute vaso-occlusive crises. As a result of

Hydroxyurea is an experimental agent which

of fetal hemoglobin. It is hoped that hydroxyurea will increase the percentage of tIbF within red cells, prolong red cell survival. and increase the number of red cells increases the production

with a significanl percentage of HbF. Dr. lashley believes, "Therapy such as hy.droxyurea may result in major laboratory improvement, but could have side effects that compromise other aspects of the patient's life." The purpose of Dr. Lashley's study is to assess

and compare the health status and

_.d

the usual adult GfbA). Dr'. Felissa Laslcev

"Despite advances

in the understanding of sickle cell

Research

disease, and past trials of anti-sickling agents, at the present time no effective treatment has

said Dean lashley. Information on the health

been identified," said Dr. Lishley.

very useful

Dr. Lashley, who has a Ph.D. in human genetics, analyzes the effects of various treatments in her research on quality of life and

nurses and other health care professionals. This

Creative Activities

prevention and treatment." According to Dr. Lashley, "Hydroxyurea appears promising in decreasing the number of sickling crises."

^-l

specific amino acid substitution forming sickle cell hemoglobin (FIbS) instead of

functioning. Dr. tashley said, "While we understand the basic molecular defect in sickle cell anemia, less is known about the physiological mechanisms causing clinical effects and their

cell anemia who are receiving hydroxyurea therapy, placebo therapy or usual therapy. "Data from this study will help providers and patients to make future treatment decisions,'

disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions and irreversible renal disease. The crises and sequelae interfere with educational and, occupational pursuits as well as daily function and social activities." The basic molecular effect is due to

(

infections patients suffer bone disease,

hemoglobin

quality of life of black adult patients with sickle

leg ulcers, eye diseases, neurological

a point mutation ihat results in

status

of patients with sickle cell anemia will be in long term planning of care by

study also will provide needed information on the quality of life and health status of black adults who have sickle cell anemia.

By Sachin Kothqri, Graduate Research Assistant, Office of Research and Projects,

SIUE Graduate School

Sam Pearson 9o-pletes Scholar in China Professor Samuel pearson, formerly Dean of the School of Social Sciences, spent the 95/gO academic year as a Fulbright Scholar teaching at the Institute of American Studies at Norhlast

Normal University in Changchun, Jilin In addition to teaching ai the university, Dr. Pearson was able to travel and Province, China.

lecture at other universities during his stay. After his tenure at the University, Dr. pearson

yeir

American history and culture to students at

Nankai University, Nanjing _University, Zhejiang

University,

able to lecture and lead a discussion for a group of Chinese local government official, *ho"-.r.

being sent to the U. S. by the Asia Foundation to study local operations.

In May, Dr. pearson wa,l invited by the .U.S. Embassy in China

to teach at the Foreign

to reach at the Foreign Affairs College whire China trains its diplo_ matic service. He was

Affairs College.

Dr. Pearson's teaching during his stay in Jilin included a twohour course in U. S. History to 1872 each semester and two onesemeste.r, four-hour

eager

/,ra-

to do so, and

says,

'SIUE graciously allowed me to extend my leave through the fall semester., At the Foreign Affairs College,

courses. The first

Jilin Universiry, yangzhou

.University, Suzhou Railway Teachers C"oll.g., and Hangzhou Teachers College., He was also

was invited by the U.S. Embassy in China

American Intellectuai History, provided Dr. Pearson with the unique experience of teaching intellectual history to Chinese students. According to Dr. Pearson, "students had little exposure to intellectual history because of the rigid compart_ menralization of disciplines in. China and the tendency of almost all historians to focus on ecG nomic, social, political, or diplomatic history., lhe second course, History of Religion in America, also provided an unusual teaching experiment and challenge. Because religion is only now officially tolerated in China, much of its citizenry has a limited understanding of religion as it is practiced in the West. In addition to his teaching at Nortireast Normal University, Dr. pearson lectured throughout China during his stay. During the 1995-96 academic year, Dr. pearson f"o"."? "rr

as Fulbright

Dl'. San Pea;,sorr Dr. Pearson taught both

undergraduate and graduate students American Intellectual

History since the Civil War and Critical Evenrs in American History.

Dr. Pearson resumed his position as a Professor of History at SIUE during the

Spring 1997 term. Dr. pearson says his ,tly in China was professionally as well as personally rewarding. His experiences as a Fulbright Scholar in China are certain to strengthen br.

Pearson's abilities as an SIUE faculty

-.-b"r.

-Melanie

J ohnson, Grqduate Research Assistant, Office of Research and prqects, SIUE Grad"uote School

-<Ze>)4aQ

*a-/ Research

Creative

Activities lg

Irading Students into the Future of Dentistry In the age of information, teaching can be a formidable task. Dr. Allen Otsuka, Associate Professor and Section Head of Biochemistry of the Department of Applied Dental Medicine at the SIUE School of Dental Medicine, believes that the best way to prepare students of dentistry is to ugive them a basis to evaluate

Investigator Award from the School of Dental

Medicine

for his work

"Glutathione

Corrcentrations in Dabetic Rats and Cultured Bovine Cells.' In addition, Dr. Otsuka received

support through the Funded University Research (FUR) program for his study oEffects of Dabetes on the Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Bone Proteins.'

new information and processes.'With a continually evolving knowledge base in the biomedical and dental siiences, it becomes necessary nof only to learn from past research, but also to

Through his research, Dr. Otsuka brings ueatiity and ideas to the classrmm. In a field in which information taught ten years ago nerv

look to the future. In his own studies of bone

ninet{tzat(str,,Dr.Qs'lktis(sisg5sstthrL The mineralization, or formation, of bone is a complex process requiring large amounts of calcium and phosphate to come together around a collagen and noncollagenous protein matrix, Dn. Allen Ot'suka according to Dr. Otsuka. In the past twenty years, his thrust of research in this area has been in the role that proteins play in the mineralization process. During Dr. Otsuka's graduate work, his mentorls laboratory was among the first to identifu a unique bone protein called Bone Gla Protein or Osteqcalcin, which appears to be a regulator of bone miner-

alization, although its exact function is still under investigation. This remains a primary area

of interest for Dr. Otsuka, who

classifies

himself as a protein chemist. Dr. Otsuka also studies the role of collagen in the process of bone mineralization. In particular, he examines the effects of diabetes on collagen. This creates a clearer understanding of uonly in normal collagen because, he says, studying the abnormal can you discern normal.o

rng of the heart, particularly aortic flexibility. Because of this, Dr. Otsuka won a grant from the Max Baer Heart Fund (Fratemal Order of

may no longer be correct, it is vital to be aware of new ideas and findings in the field. By keeping abreast of and conducting research, Dr. Allen Otsuka is impartrng to students an idea of what is going to happen in the future.

Eagles) to conduct research on aortic collagen. Dr. Otsuka's research has also been supported by SIUE. He recently received the Advanced

-Melanie lohnson.

His research of collagen is not only applicable to bone mineralization, but also to the function-

Research

Creative Activities

Non-Conformist Heroines as Mirrors of Society Dr. Betty Richardson, Piofessor in the Department of English language and Literature

emergence as the dominant voice of a culture increasingly characterized by mass literacy and

is nearing completion of her book Moll

popular icons."

Cutpurse to Madonna: Popular Heroines as Mirrors of Tlwir Cuhure. Dr. Richardson completed the first half of the book during a sabbat-

ical and SIUE Summer Research Fellowship,' then deferred the prqiect when she was appointed Director of Expository Writing. 'Now," she says, "I am determined to finish the first draft within the next year, whatever

Dr".

Dr. Richardson teaches

Freshman

Composition, Introduction to Literature,

Betty Rlcharison

the obstacles."

Dr. Richardson's primary area of interest has long been the social and intellecual history of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. She is particularly interested

cities, literacy

rates, popular media and

nonconformist heroines

part of this history. It is from this history of inquiry that her current work

emerges.

The initial third of the book, according to Dr. Richardson, focuses on uthe difficulty of perceiving female woiking class voices in a culture dominated by a literate aristocracy" during the late nineteenth century. The second shows the emergences of these female voices and the final third of the book, which Dr. uwill show their Richardson is currently writing,

-TZo\W Victorian and Early Twentieth Century Literature and Teaching Composition. She says that she is nearing the end of her career but it is her enjoyment of students, the classroorh and writing that keeps her from an early retirement. Dr. Richardson hopes to have a first draft of the book by the summer of 1997.

-Melanie Johnson

Research

Creative

Activities 2l

Corn to Ethanol Research at SIUE of increasing ethanol production are being reviewed for commercial economic efficiency. An engineering firm has drafted a

The existence of a corn to ethanol research facility in SIUE s Univbrsity Park is one step closer to reality. The House Subcommittee on

promise

Agricultural Appropriations has recently

preliminary design of the facility and confirmed its feasibility and a business plan for the facility

approved 1.5 million dollars for final design of

the facility. The facility, if the subcommittee's recommendation is approved by Congress, will serve as an intermediary between the laboratory

bench and ethanol

production

plants, according to Dr. Brian Donnelly, Executive Director of University Park. Here, new technology would be gath' ered and commercial production replicated

is nearly complete.

will form according SIUE, with a symbiotic relationship to Dr. Donnelly. The facility will benefit from its

constructed, the research facility

close proximity to a

major university and SIUE faculty and students will benefit from the research and work opportunities pro-

and tested with

vided by the facility.

neither the cost nor the risk, of large scale

There will be substantial opportunities

production.

for

The reasons for

continuing

and

chemistry

expanding ethanol research are many, according to Dr. Donnelly. Ethanol

world. Because it is

Engineering, and the

Environmental Resoutces Training

ate and

graduate

of SIUE in tlre form of internships, work' In addition,

students

country, therefore moving the United States

the facility would be visited by people from around the world, thereby promotirig the image of SIUE as a center for research and

inventory of ethanol production research which has been reviewed by the Renewable Fuels Association. Those projects holding the greatest

for both. undergradu-

derived from corn, ethanol, unlike petroleum, is a renewable resource. It can be produced in this

principle investigator of the initial grant' funded by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, preliminary studies of the need for and feasibility of the facility are near completion. These studies have yielded an

Research

Center. The facility would provide a number of opportunities

Dr. Bria;:r Dorutelly

toward energy independence and increasing the agricuhural industry of the country and, in particular, states such as Illinois' According to Dr. Donnelly, who was the

and

biology, the School of

technology is vital to .solving energy problems currently faced by the U. S. and

the

involvement

by units such as

Creative Activities

assistantships..ahd student

scientific inquiry.

The final report on the need for and feasibility of the facility was completed in

It is expected that Congre-ss will vote on the funding recommendations for September, 1996.

the next stage in the development of the facility sometime in the near future.

-Melanie Johnson

SIUE Scholar lends Expertise to U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum As a long time scholar of Nazi Germany, Professor James Weingartner of the Department of Historical Studies was recently able to use his expertise to assist the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Dr. Weingartner served as a consultant for an exhibit commemG rating the fiftieth anniversary of the liberation of Nazi concentration camps, and continues a working relationship with the museum. In addition to his work with the museum, Dr. Weingartner, among other proiects, is completing a biography of a

defendents were freed because

in early

1957

in pat

of Everett's efforts.

Results of a former project of Dr. Weingartner's will soon be published in The Historian, an academic journal. The article is based on a previous paper, "War Against 'Subhumans:' Germany vs. the Soviet Union and the United States vs. Japan," which Dr. Weingartner- presented at the Duquesne History Forum with funding from an SIUE research fellowhip.

Nazi war crimes lawyer.

In the planning of the "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Liberation of Concentration Camps," the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum contacted several historians and specialists

to serve as consultants for the exhibit. Dr. Weingartner lent his expertise to the portion of the exhibit dealing with war crimes trials which immediately followed the war. He was later invited to lecture on war crimes to the research institute of the

museufn and i; currently reviewing part of a museum

D:'. Ja:nr:s

lTe:rLga:'t-ne:'

publication.

In addition to teaching and the Museum, Dr. Weingartner is currently writing a biography of Wllis M. Everett III. Everett served as defense council for 73 Nazis accused of war crimes related to the murder of a large number of U. S. prisoners of war in the 1944 Battle of the Bulge, commonly referred to as the Malmedy Massacre. The defendents were found guilty and Everett, formerly a prominent attorney in Atlanta; abandoned his practice to champion the unpopular cause of revising the trial verdict. Everett argued that the defendents were not given due process and were subjeaed fo duress including physical torture, None of the 42 defendents senfenced to death were executed and all assisting

Dr. Weingartner, in addition to introductory World War II and a graduate seminar on Nazi Germany at SIUE. He says of his teaching, "Interest in World War courses, teaches History of

and Nazi Germany is extremely high and the level of knowledge which rhany students bring into my courses is often remarkable. Sharing

my research with these students has been very satisfying to me and, I hope, valuable to them." With Dr. Weingartner's enthusiasm and vast knowledge, it assuredly was.

-Melanie Johnson

*-l

L,,YP Research

Creative

Activities

Synthesizing Teachittg and Research With three large research projects underway, Dr. Mark Bolyard, Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, has much to keep himself and the students in his laboratory busy. The central theme of his research is plant biology, with ongoing projects including fibrinogen, taxol and dutch elm disease research. Dr. Bolyard has won extensive support for his research projects and is currently experimenting with integrating research into class laboratories. Discovering an effective way of producing human fibrinogen, a natural product used, among other things, in closing sutures, is the aim of one of Dr. Bolyard's projects. Dr. Bolyard and the three graduate students on this study are working to Dr'. Mark Roll-a;'d produce fibrinogen in potato tubers, as the current sources of fibrinogen are either not appropriate (for instance, one was found to carry pathogens) or not cost effective. For the past two years the project has been supported by the National Institutes of Health and was previously funded by the Illinois affiliate of the American Heart Association. Another project on which Dr. Bolyard is working involves Dutch elm disease, a vascular wilt disease which has decimated large

Involved

Taxol

Biosynthesis." Taxol, derived from the bark of the Pacific

and one undergraduate student are investigating the mode of action of the toxin believed

yew, is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of breast, ovarian and lung cancers for which a sustainable and affordable supply is currently unavailable. Dr. Bolyard's research seeks to establish

Department of Agriculture.

Research

Fellowship program for his study "Identification of Genes

elm populations in North America and Europe. Dr. Bolyard, two graduate students

to be one of, if not the primary causitive agent of the disease. This study has been funded for the past two years by the U.S.

Most recently, Dr. Bolyard received funding through the SIUE Summer Research

Creative Activities

a system to produce large amounts of the drug to meet long term demands. Through identification of the gepes that code for key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for taxol, it is hoped that plants can be altered to

of Dr. Bolyard.'s lab recently developed and optimized a new chemical method of introducing DNA into cells.

produce large quantities of the drug, In these research projects, Dr. Bolyard says he views his role as one of guide rather than leader. He works to initiate projects that he is

confident will work, ensuring that the students have what they need to perform the

research and tries to solve any problems that arise, or convince students that they know how to solve the problem themselves. This method has provided students in his lab with invaluable experience, and many innovative ideas have developed as

a result. For instance, graduate students

u'C.

with

Gradriate Asslstu:'t, Parii ''/orCtriede

Another exciting aspect of Dr. Bolyard,s work is the fact that he has integrated funded research into his teaching. In laborato ries such as Advanced Cell Biology and Recombinant DNA, Dr. Bolyard has-engaged undergraduate and graduate students in research for which published answers do not yet exist. Although managing research involving as many as twenty-four students is a challenge, the classes have been extremely successful. 'Making students aware that they are.working on a project which the federal government (or any other agency) has funded instills in them a sense of responsi bility and excitement," said Dr. Bolyard. "They immediately perceive that this is not a set of'cookbook' labs, but actual scientific research.t'

The students who have been involved in such classes-speak highly of Dr. Bolyard's research and teaching. One, commenting on the Advanced Cell lab, said of the class, "It challenged me more than many of my other lab classes because most of the time a protocol wasn't provided. We had to figure it out on our own. I really liked that.'Another stated, "Because of my experiences in this class and my expriences in the laboratory I em a prime candidate for three positions,

[and I will be] doing research at [a large biotechnology cornpany] over the summdrthat's great!'

Dr. Bolyard, in discussing his achievements, stresses the research supportive environment at SIUE "The university is set up so [faculty] are rewarded for submitting research proposals, gettlng students involved,

and creativity."

l'brbM

-Melanie Johnson

Research

Creative

Activities

University Provides Administration of Transportation Research Center The administration of the Illinois Transportation Research Center (ITRC) has been conducted under contract by Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville since 1992. Dr. Steven J. Hanna, Associate Dean and Professor of Civil Engineering, serves as the Center Administrator and oversees ITRC's yearly research budget of one-half of a million dollars.

The Research Center is made up of twelve universities, both public and private, and is underwritten by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT). The purpose of ITRC is to conduct research on all forms of trans-

portation in order to "meet the present and future mobility needs of individuals, industry and commerce of the State of lllinois." The center funds a broad range of research, from the marketing of Amtrak to pavement design.

Each year, the Illinois Department of Transportation's Research Council determines the general transportation research needs of the state. This year, the theme of interest is intermodal freight, or the transfer of freight from one mode of transportation to another. The Administrative Center coordinates a research seminar based on the year's theme where a set of problem statements is composed. The statements are then narrowed down to six to eight topics that are synthesized by the Administrative Center at SIUE into research requests for proposals. Faculty of the twelve ITRC member universities then submit proposals to conduct the research.

Once the proiects are underway, the Administrative Center oversees quarterly and final reports for each. This involves assisting with corrections, coordination, budgets and general paperwork. There currently are six projects in progress. Being selected by the Illinois Department of Transpo4ation to perform the administrative function of ITRC benefits SIUE in a variety of

sreverr

J rrar'. Xf''J;*J'Til"1il37 can be an asset to students,

in attaining with such agencies. The Center is also .an asset in marketing the school itself. Having the Administrative Center located at SIUE, says Dr. Hanna, "enhances the image of the university and exposes our engineering especially civil engineering students, careers

programs to a great number of people."

-Melanie Johnson

h-/tu 26

Research

Creative Activities

SIUE Professor Documenting Nigerian language Dr. Ronald Schaefer, Associate Professor in the Department of English Language and Literature, is in the final stages of creating an Ernai dictionary. This two year long prqiect is part of his decade long study of the Emai language and is funded by the National Science

vital. In the southern region of Nigeria, where the Edoid languages are spoken, 70 percent of adults speak Pidgin English 4s a second language and there is evidence that many children are learning Pidgin English as their mother tongue. According to Dr. Schaefer, the world's

Foundation.

Emai, a distinct linguistic

entity among the Edoid

Dr'. RornlC Sciraeler

languages, is spoken by about

30,000 members of the Emai clan living in the plateau region of southern Nigeria between the Edion and Owan rivers. Because Emai speaking

clans are completely surrounded by ethnic groups speaking other Edoid speech varieties, none of which have been documented comprehensive\, the study of Emai is an

important first step in recording the region's linguistic and

(",il //rl 4,<

cultural history.

Dr. Schaefer's initial research on the Emai language began in the early 1980s when

he taught in the Department of Linguistics and African I-anguages at the University of Benin,

current linguistic situation is sometimes referred to as a "cultural holocaust,' with "vast archives

Benin City, Nigeria. During that time he conducted interviews with Emai speaking consultants which resulted in an Emai orthography.

of indigenous tribal knowledge, comprising

Since that time, Dr. Schaefer has conducted numerous otherstudies on the Emai language which have been supported by SIUE and the National Science Foundation. His most recent support from the university, a Research Scholar

Award for uFraming an Emai Dictionary" helped him to obtain his current support from

of expertise potentially valuable to future artistic and scientific endeavor...being crushed under the weight of modern civilization." Dr. Schaefer is concluding the project with the continued assistance. of two undergraduate students. It is expected that the Emai:En glish/ English:Emai bilingual dictionary will be published by Mouton de Gruyter Publishers when it is compleled. areas

the National Science Foundation.

In the context of the current demise of the world's languages and the cultures they represent, studies such as Dr. Schaefer's are

-Melanie Johnson

Research

Creative

Aaivities

Assessitrg Academic Research Contributions to

Industry: Industrial and Educational Impacts In recent years, university

research has

University. Dr. Strickland's co-principal

received increased attention from federal and state legislators and citizens at large. Questions are being asked about the relevance of university research to problems faced by society and the nation. In particular,

investigator is Professor Robert P. Morgan of Washington University's Department of Engineering and Policy.

there is an increasing call for university research to be more strategic in nature and to contribute to improving the U.S. economy and its competitive position in the world. Addressing some of these

Dr'. Do::r Strir;k]errrC

The primary purpose of Dr. Strickland's research is to examine the nature of U.S. acade-

of the research carried out by Dr. Donald Strickland, Professor and Chair, issues is the aim

Department of Management. The research is funded by the National Science Foundation and is being conducted by SIUE in collaboralion with Washington

Research

Creative Activities

mic research in engineering and science that contributes to industrial developments, the nature of university-industry collaboration in the research and technology transfer processes, as well as the industrial impacts of such research activity. A parallel goal is to examine the extent to which academic research contributions to industry enhance or detract from the education of students involved in such

{fe $i,i:f,!e* sf8

role of industry in higher education. Our

and sources of funding, industry-university relationships and the outcomes and impacts of the research as seen from the perspectives of both the university researcher and industry vanage points. Also of interest are motivations for the research, whether the researcher consciously aimed for industry relevance,

prqiect is designed to help

infrastructure facilitating industrial linkages and

us understand more about the industrial relevance of academic engineering and scientific research, how successful

whether there are barriers in the academic setting to industriallyJinked academic research. The results of the project should be of interest to a wide variety of audiences: federal

research. Dr. Strickland says, oMuch discus-

sion is taking place about the

university-indu^stry collaboration 6kes place and the role such research plays in the education of students."

From a previous NSF-suppotted national probability survey of academic engineering faculty and directors of engineering research units (conducted

D*,

Sh*LbQ.-A

decision makers, academic decision makers and researchers, university and industry research

administrators, industry R&D personnel, scholars interested in the organization of acade-

by these same

fnic research and technology transfer, scholars and decision makers interested in.the role of research in higher education, and students of

investigators),

science and education policy.

Professors

Strickland and Morgan selected a sample of 105 faculty in electrical, mechanical, industrial, and chemical engineering whose work led to majol develop menis in industry. In the current project, indepth structured interviews are being conducted with these faculty and a similar number of matched industry sources. familiar with these academic research contributions. In a parallel phase of the study focusing on the scientific

fields of biology,-chemistry, and physics, a natioqal probability iurvey, followed by indepth'interviews, replicates the rnethodology used in the engineering part of the study. Interviews are being mnducted which cover a broad range of topics, including the nature of the research, the organizations involved, time frame

The results of the proposed study are particularly important because of corrcerns over cutbacks in federal- funding for research and the scaling back of industry R&D budgets at a time when universities are stressed financially, being scrutinized for their research performance and being criticized for ignoring their teaching function and their students. The results of the study will provide both information and policy guidance concerning how to enhance both the

educational and industrial benefits of these university-industry research relationships while minimizing their disadvantages.

-Sachin Kothari

and Projects

at SlS$,}lrips

'wo*Ye11q

.4.

FEDERAL

Research and Edircation Foundation

Corporation for National and Community Service Corporation for Public Broadcasting

of the American Association

Forensic Technologies International

of Endodontists

Grdnd Prix Association of long

Union Pacific Foundation

Beach, Inc,

Dean Haselhorst

Fuhright Hays

BUSINESS/INDUSTRY

Immunex Colporatiorr

Iouis Aboussie Realty Co.

Integrated Systems Solutions, Inc.

National Institutes of Health

William H. Albert

Charles landreth

National Science Foundation

Altrhan4harter Co.

Lowrance Development Company

Small Business Administration

Andrews Environmental

I-owrance, Tarrant, and Patton'

National Endowment for the Humanities

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Fleishman-Hillard, Inc.

Engineering, Inc.

Development Company

U.S. Department of Education

.AAllCampbell, Inc.

Maritz Marketing Research, lnc.

U.S. Department of Energy

Anheuser-Busch, Inc.

Maritz Motivation Company

U.S. Department of Health

Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.

Oates Associates, lpc.

AT&T Lucent

Philips and Associates

and.Huinan Services

Technologii:s

U.S. Department of Justice

Bline

U.S Department of Veterans Af{airs

Bank of Edwardsville

Ralcorp Holdings

U.S. Institute of Peace

Basler Electric

Ralston Foods

U.S. Posal Service

Batts, Ramos, and Associates, Inc.

Systems, Inc.

Block Drug Company, Inc.

hrrina Company Don Rodewald

FOUNDATIONS

C,assens

Allstate Foundation

Central Bank

Southview, Inc.

Curry and Associates

Southwestern Bell Telephone

East St. I-ouis

Crrmmunitylund

The G. A. Jr. arrd Kathryri M. Buder Foundation

Procter and Gamble, Inc.

Transport

Deposition Research laboratories, Inc.

Sheppard, Morgan and Schwaab, Inc.

Company Southwestem Bell Yellow Pages

Danforth Foundation

Energy Resources, Inc,

Spartan Printing Company

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Farin Bureau Oil Company

Stealth Technologies

Kellogg Foundation

Farrar Oil Company

Strategic Marketing Research

Olayan Charitable Trust

Pete Fields

Research

Creative Activities

and Planning

Sunmark Companies

City of Nashville

St. Charles -

City{ounty

Survival Technologies, Inc.

City of O' Fallon

Sverdrup Facilities, Inc.

City of Pinckneyville

St. Clair County

Telegraph of Alion, Illinois

City of Roxana

St.

Thouvenot, Wade, and Moerchen

City of Wildwood (Missouri)

Union Oil Company of Califbrnia

City of Wood River

St.

Warner-lambert Company

Columbia Community Unit 4

Southwestern Illinois Planning

Waterway Gas and Wash Richard E Weindel Associates

Library Dstrict

Claii County Intergovernmental Grants

School District

Clair Township

Commission

East St.

Iouis CDBG Office

East St.

louis Comrnunity Fund

LOCAL

East St.

louis Housing Authority

Bond,/Madison Water Company

Educational Service Center #16

Breese Township

Edwardsville School Distria No. 7

Calhoun4reene-Jersey Educational

Henderson Water District

TriCity

Illini

Tri-District Educatiqnal C,ooperative

Service Region

Carly.le Southwest Public

Water Dstrict Caseyville Township

City of Centralia

Southwestern Illinois Regional

School

Senior Olympics, Inc. Sugar toaf Township

Summerfield, Lebanon, Mascoutah Water Commission Regional Port

Kaskaskia Water Dstrict

Village of East Alton

Madison County Arts Council

Village of Godfrey

Madison. County Employment and

Village of Okawville

Training Department

Villnge of Roxana

City of Collinsville

Madison County Transit Authority

Village of Shiloh

City of East St. Iouis

Monroe-Randolph BiCounty

Village of Shipman

City

Edwardwille

City of Effingham City

Fenton (Missouri)

Health Department

Village of Swansea

Raccoon Water Company Reading Recovery Consortium

Citg of Frontenac (Missouri)

21 Illinois and Missouri School

City of Granite City

Districts

City of Highland City of Jerseyville City of Maryland Heights (Missouri)

Dstria

Regional Of{ice of Education: Bond, Fayette, and Effingham Counties'

OTHER Abandoned Mined lands Reclamation Council Agency for Instructibnal Technology

Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz

River Bluffs Girl Scout Courrcil

Research

Creative

Activities

American Economic Development

McHenry

Council

Cr,-ty

Illinois Council on Economic

Economic

Developmurt Corporation

Education

AmericanFoundrymen'sAssociation MetreEastEnergyFacility Arts and Education Council

Mississippi River Transmission

Arts and Education Council

Mssouti Histodcal Soch,ty

Illinois Department of Children and Family Services Illinois Departrnent of Commerce

National Writing Project

Arts Midwest

Northwestern University

C-ahokia Mounds Museum Society

Purdue University

C,enter

for Internatioiral Relations

Faniily Services and Vislting Nurses Association Folger Shakespeare

River Bluffs Girl Scout Council

Illinois Department of Tninsportation

St louii Public Library

Illinois Environmental Protection

University

Southwestern Illinois Regional

Fratemal Order of Eagles

Senior

Southwestem Illinois Htgh.r

Services.

George Lienbsch Trust/tfagna

Education Consortium

Specialized Services,

Ag"n y Illinois Humanities fnuncil Illinois Sate Board of Education

Olympics, lnc.

Higher Education C,entet Hoyehon'Youth and Family

Illinois Departnrent of Energy and Natural Resources

South€ast Missouri Sate

l$rary

and Community Affairs

Inc

Missouri H.istorical Sociew Office of tlre Attorney General, State

of Illinois

TrustC-o.

Illinois C,ampus Compact for Community Seivices

Illinois Cooperative Cnlleaion IVlanagemeirt Coordinating

Committee.

Illinois Crcuncil of Economic Education

United Way Partnership University of Illinois at Chicago

State

University of Illinois at

State Universities

Ubana{hanpaign University of Miami .University of Michigan Washington University

Illinois Sate Unii,ersitv IETRO Chicago Ieadership Qiuncil L;abqrlvlanagement Committee '

Mathematical Association

of America

R€s€ancl

Creative Activities

of Illinois

Illinoh Arts Council Illinois Board of Higlrer Education Illinois Board of Higher Education (HECA)

of lllinois

Civil

Service System

Teachersi Retirement System of ihe

Sate of Illinois

d s

?se ^@'Yt/

AIM

At*_1ry 'r'

r^rrj*,tbrt &n

N\N

r\N

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